2020-2021学年选修8Unit 1 A land of diversity综合训练题

班级              姓名             学号             分数            

Unit 1 　 A land of diversity能力提升卷（B卷）

（测试时间：60分钟     满分：100分）

Ⅰ.

A

To win an Oscar is an achievement at any age．To do so at 22，as Jennifer Lawrence has，is just amazing．Recently，the American star won Best Actress at this year’s Academy Awards for her role in the film The Silver Linings Playbook．According to Time magazine’s Richard Corliss，Lawrence is that rare young actress who“lends a mature intelligence to any ro1e”．

Though Lawrence has found great success through her big screen work，Lawrence wasn't sure what she really liked doing before the ageof l4．She thought she’d go to college and may be find a career as a doctor or a travel agent．

Lawrence’s two brothers were star athletes and one of them was a straight-A student．Unlike them，she suffered through school，never quite finding where she belonged．However，during a trip to New York，Lawrence suddenly realized that she wanted to be an actress．When she was enjoying the beautiful city，a model seeker asked if he could take her picture，and the next day he called her in for an audition(试镜)．

“I read the script(剧本)and it was the first time I had that feeling like I understand this，”Lawrence said．“Within 20 minutes，in the cab ride from the hotel room，I decided I didn’t want to be a model．In fact， I wanted to be an actress．”Having appreciated this young lady’s performance，the agency was so impressed with her reading that they signed her on the spot．But she insisted on finishing high school so she could give her full attention to her acting career．

Lawrence burst onto the Hollywood scene last year with The Hunger Games，which established her as the highest-grossing(票房最高的)female action hero of all time．Rolling Stone called her “the most talented young actress in America”．

1．What can we know about Jennifer Lawrence from Paragraph 3？

A．Her parents were really strict with her．

B．She seemed not to fit in with her school days well．

C．Her school performance made her today's fame．

D．Her two brothers were doing well in all school subjects．

2．Lawrence made up her mind to be all actress because of       

A．a model interview                    B. her brothers’examples

C．the taxi-ride to her hotel room          D. the beautiful scenery of New York

3．From the text we can know that Lawrence is an actress of great ____________．

A．confidence      B．ambition        C．independence       D．talent

4．What is the best title of the text? 

A．Choosing Early             B．Acting Wisely

C．Winning Young             D．Following Dreams

2.A 细节理解题 根据第三段结尾处和第四段开头第二句的意思，她被一个模特公司看中，Within 20 minutes, in the cab ride from the hotel room, I decided I didn't want to be a model. In fact, I wanted to be an actress. 20分钟内，在从旅馆外乘坐出租车（去面试时），我决定我不想当模特。事实上我想当演员。

3.D 判断推理题 根据文章最后一句Rolling Stone called her “the most talented young actress in  America". （Rolling Stone 称她是美国最年轻的年轻女演员），抓住关键词talented推断D最佳。

4.C 主旨大意（标题确定）题 根据全文内容和最后一句话，判断Lawrence 是美国有天分的年轻女演员。

B

My husband and I had been married nearly twenty-two years when I acquired Stevens-Johnson syndrome, a disorder where my immune（免疫的） system responded to a virus by producing painful blisters. Although my long-term evaluation was good, I, who had been so fiercely independent, rapidly became absolutely helpless.

My husband, Scott, stepped up to the plate, taking care of kids and cooking dinners. He also became my personal caretaker, applying the medicine to all of my blisters because my hands couldn’t do the job. Needless to say, I had negative emotions, bouncing from embarrassment to shame caused by total reliance on someone other than myself.

I recovered from my illness, but I couldn’t seem to recover from the thought that I loved my husband less than he loved me. This seeming distinction in our love continued to annoy me for the year following my illness.

Then recently Scott and I went on a long bike ride. He’s an experienced cyclist; I’m quite the green hand. At one point with a strong headwind and sharp pain building in my tired legs, I really thought I couldn’t go any further. Seeing me struggle, Scott pulled in front of me and yelled over his shoulder, “Stay close behind me.” As I followed his steps, I discovered that my legs quit burning and I was able to catch my breath. My husband was pulling me along—again.

I pray my husband will always be strong and healthy. But if he should ever become the struggling one, whether on a bike ride or with an illness, I trust I’ll be ready to call out to him, “Stay close behind me—my turn to pull you along.”

5. The author felt helpless because _________.

   A. She lost the previous independence

   B. She failed to get the medical treatment

   C. Her marriage was in a terrible state

   D. She suffered from mental disorder

6. Which of the following best describes the author’s husband according to Paragraph 2?

A. Impatient.               B. Independent.

C. Family-centered.          D. Career-centered.

7. When going on the long bike ride, the author’s husband _________.

A. followed her closely         B. backed her up all the way

C. gave in to her depression     D. stopped to take care of her leg

8. What message does the author convey in the passage?

A. Strong will.                 B. Selfless love.

C. Reliance on each other.        D. Optimistic attitude to life. 

【答案】

5. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“I, who had been so fiercely independent, rapidly became absolutely helpless.” 可知，文章作者曾经十分独立，但是在得病后变得很无助，A选项 “She lost the previous independence”意为“她失去了之前的独立”，符合题干，故A选项正确。B选项“failed to get the medical treatment”意为“没能得到治疗”，C选项“Her marriage was in a terrible state”意为“她的婚姻状况很糟糕”，D选项“suffered from mental disorder”意为“患有精神病”，均不符合文意，故排除B、C、D。

6. C 推理判断题。根据第二段“stepped up to the plate（开始行动）, taking care of kids and cooking dinners”和 “became my personal caretaker（看护）”可推知作者的丈夫在作者得病后照顾家庭，看护生病的作者，故选C“Family-centered（顾家的）”。选项A中的“Impatient（没有耐心的）”，选项B中的“Independent（独立的）”以及选项D中的“Career-centered（以事业为中心的）”在原文均没有提及，故排除A，B，D。

7. B 细节理解题。根据第四段“Seeing me struggle, Scott pulled（拉） in front of me and yelled over his shoulder, “Stay close behind me（紧紧跟着我）.” 和“My husband was pulling me along—again.” 可知，当作者进行长途的骑车运动时，她的丈夫一路上给她支持和鼓励，B选项 “backed her up all the way”意为“一路上支持她”，符合题干，故B选项正确。A选项“followed her closely”意为“紧跟着她”，C选项“gave in to her depression”意为“屈服于她的沮丧”，D选项“stopped to take care of her leg”意为“停下来照顾她的脚 ”，均不符合文意，故排除A、C、D。

C

CHICAGO(Reuters)-Smoking not only can wrinkle(皱纹)the face and turn it yellow—it can do the same to the whole body，researchers reported on Monday．

The study，published in the Archives of Dermatology，shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body-even skin protected from the sun．

“We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun，and found that the total number of packs，of cigarette smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced，”Dr．Yolanda，who led the study，said in a statement.   

“In participants older than 65 years，smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers．Similar fmdings were seen in participants aged 45 to 65 years．” Yolanda’s team added in their report．

The researchers tested 82 people，smokers and nonsmokers，taking pictures of the inner right arms．They ranged，in age from 22 to 91 and half were smokers．In dependent judges decided how wrinkled each person’s skin was.

When skin is exposed to sunlight，especially the face，it becomes coarse(粗糙的)．Wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint，Yolanda's team wrote．

Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking led to premature(过早的)skin aging asmeasured by facial wrinkles，the study said，but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light．

The report did not discuss die mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke，among other things，causes blood vessels(血管)beneath the skin to constrict(紧缩)，reducing blood supply to the skin．

Smoking can also damage the connective tissue(组织)that supports both die skin and the internal organs.

9．It can be inferred from the study _____________．

A．smoking won’t affect skin protected from the sun

B．smoking will do damage to skin rather than other organs

C．smokers over 65 usually won’t worry about their skin

D．the age of smokers is not connected，with the result of the test

10. When your skin is exposed to sunlight long，it becomes all of the following but _________.

A．flexible    B．coarse    C．rough   D．discolored   

11. According to the passage，how wrinkled a person’s skin is doesn’t relate to ___________．

A．the number of cigarettes a person smokes

B．the kind and characteristics of skin

C．how long a person smokes   

D．how long skin is under sunlight

12．The main purpose of the passage is to ____________．

A．inform people about the study of skin．   

B．advise people how to protect skin

C. warn people not to smoke again

D．introduce a new way of avoid skin aging

【答案】

试题分析：本文讲述的是美国芝加哥的一项健康调查发现抽烟的人的皮肤容易起皱纹，目的在于呼吁人们不要抽烟。

11. B。解析：细节理解题 根据第三段found that the total number of packs，of cigarette smoked per day and the total years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced，可知，抽烟的量和抽烟时间的长短会影响人的皮肤。第六段When skin is exposed to sunlight，especially the face，it becomes coarse(粗糙的)，皮肤暴露在阳光下也会使皮肤变得粗糙。没有提及的就是B了。

12. C 解析：写作意图题 作者主要讲述了抽烟对人们健康，尤其是皮肤的影响。目的在于呼吁人们不要抽烟。故C正确。

D

Tudor Cobalas nearly crashed his car while driving and texting on his phone. It was this near-death experience that inspired him to turn the smartphone from a weapon of mass distraction into a tool for safer driving.

Mr. Cobalas developed Safe Drive, an app that rewards drivers for ignoring their phones while driving. Once a driver drives too fast, the app launches a “Release” button on the screen, effectively locking the phone. Driving without checking the phone generates scores that can be turned into shopping discounts in the Safe Drive Marketplace.

It’s a simple idea that has attracted nearly 100,000 users globally and 30 commercial partners. Worldwide, about 1.25 million people die each year as a result of road traffic accidents, according to the World Health Organization. “Smartphone distraction” is blamed for an increasing number of accidents. Drivers using a mobile phone are four times more likely to be involved in a crash. Many parents also want to educate their children, young drivers. That is why a growing number of technology businessmen are trying to handle the problem.

“Although smartphones are rightly blamed for an increase in distracted driving, we wanted to show that smartphones could be used to make drivers better,” says Hari Balakrishnan, chief technology officer of Cambridge Mobile Telematics, a US company that has developed an app called Drive Well.

The app measures all aspects of driving such as hard braking, abrupt acceleration, sharp cornering and speeding. But it also monitors how often drivers are distracted by their phones and generates a “safety score” at the end of each trip. The free app features competition leader boards that enable drivers to compete with their friends, family and colleagues, as well as personalized safer driving tips. Good safety scores can earn drivers discounts on car insurance, Mr. Balakrishnan says.

Last year the company started a competition to find Boston’s safest driver. Nearly 5,000 people have signed up, and 98 have been awarded more than $3,400 in prizes. Data from 40,000 Drive Well app users around the world present its effectiveness, says Mr. Madden.

13. What caused Tudor Cobalas to develop the app Safe Drive?

A. Multi-functions of this app.

B. His desire to make a fortune.

C. Many parents’ worries about teenagers’ driving safety.

D. His own experience about being distracted by his smartphone.

14. What do Safe Drive and Drive Well have in common?

A. They keep a specific record of hard braking.   

B. They fail to help decrease the number of traffic accidents. 

C. Their users get some scores in the driving process.  

D. Their users get money as a reward directly.

15. Which of the following is closest to the meaning of the underlined word “distracted” in paragraph 4 ?

1. Lacking concentration.        B. Lacking confidence.

    C. Speedy.                     D. Dangerous.

14. C。推理判断题。题干问的是Safe Drive和Drive Well应用程序的共同点，根据第二段“Driving without checking the phone generates scores”和第五段“generates a safety score”可知C选项正确。根据第五段“The app measures all aspects of driving such as hard braking”可知，A选项的“keep a specific record of hard braking”只符合应用程序Drive Well，故排除选项A ；根据最后一段“present its effectiveness”可知B选项的“fail to help decrease（没能帮助减少） the number”与原文不符，故排除B；根据第二段“generates scores that can be turned into shopping discounts（折扣）”和第五段“Good safety scores can earn drivers discounts on car insurance”可知D选项的“get money as a reward directly”与原文不符，故排除D。

Ⅱ. 阅读填空

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

  They are strange-looking creatures, covered with hard scales (鳞）.They can roll up into a ball to protect themselves from enemies and have tongues that are longer than their bodies.   16   . However, pangolins (穿山甲) have recently become the focus of Chinese people, after social media posts of the strange animal being eaten at dinner caused public anger.

Earlier this month, a photo of a micro blog post showing some people in Guangxi eating pangolins at a feast spread. A few days later, people were angered again by pictures posted on a woman’s weibo account showing her eating protected animals, including pangolins.

   17   . Many more pangolins have been hunted or killed. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), more than 1 million of them have been killed or sold in the last 10 years.    18   .In September, the IUCN added the pangolin to the world’s “endangered animals list”. They are now more endangered than pandas.

   19   . Many people in Asia and Africa consider pangolin meat is delicious. Some people even think pangolin scales have medicinal qualities. However, their scales are made of keratin , the same material human fingernails are made of.

   20   . World Pangolin Day is on the third Saturday of February each year. This year, it fell on Feb 18. It’s a day to help people know more about pangolins. The government now stops anyone from buying and eating pangolins in China.

A. Luckily, the situation is getting better.

B. Yet this is only the tip of the iceberg.

C. The trade of pangolins across the world is also not allowed.

D. They rarely get the attention of people, and some even don’t know they exist.

E. I hope more people will join us to protect pangolins from such a sad situation.

F. It also said that they are the most illegally traded mammals (哺乳动物）in the world.

G. A growing trade of their scales and meat is the main reason for their decline in numbers.

18. F。上句讲到“近十年来，超过100万的穿山甲被杀害贩卖”，F项则进一步指出“穿山甲是世界上遭受非法贸易最严重的哺乳动物”。

19. G。G项句意为：“穿山甲鳞片和肉的贩卖不断增长，是它们数量下降的主要原因”，其中G项meat对应下句pangolin meat is delicious；G项 their scales对应第三句pangolin scales have medicinal qualities。

20. A。上面几段讲了穿山甲的严峻形势，本段以“Luckily, the situation is getting better（幸运的是，形势正在好转）”开头，引出“世界穿山甲日”和政府对穿山甲的保护。

Ⅳ.完形填空（每个1分，共20分）

 I used to love to swim as a boy. My    1   was just a short walk away from the local pool and I used to    2   most of my summer days there. I would head out    3   with just my trunks and a towel. I always got there before it opened and then stayed until    4   time. It was four hours of    5   joy. I loved to dive in that cool, clean water. I would swim, splash, play games with my friends, talk, laugh, and only dry off during the    6   . I always    7   home in the evenings with a smile on my face too.

There were some people who came to the    8   that I never could understand,   9   . They would    10    every day carrying around and    11    their huge, heavy bags full of stuff. They would be all    12    in fancy swimsuits. They would cover themselves in lotion(乳液),   13   then sit in the shade of umbrellas. They spent most of their time near their    14   , sitting in chairs, and watching other people swim.   15    they did dive in the pool, it was only for a few    16   before retreating back to their stuff. I often    17   why they came to the pool at all.

Sometimes I think that life at the pool is a lot like life    18   . Some people spend so much time carrying around and worrying about their stuff that they    19    get to swim at all. Don’t    20   one of them. Life is for living not for sitting with your stuff.

【答案】

1.B。根据本段最后一句I always    47   home…可知，作者的家离当地游泳池只有几步之遥。

2.D。作者在游泳池“度过(spend)”夏日。

3.A。根据下句I always got there before it opened可知作者去得早。early早； frequently频繁地；deliberately故意地；rarely很少地，罕有地。

4.C。与本句opened相对，作者开门前到达游泳池，直到关门时间才离开。

5.A。句意：这是四个小时的纯粹的（pure）快乐。pure完全的，纯粹的； false假造的；additional额外的，附加的； innocent无辜的，清白的。

11.B。根据最后一段第二句Some people spend so much time carrying around and worrying about their stuff，这些人担心他们所携带的物品，所以本句说他们“…watch over（看守，监视）their huge, heavy bags full of stuff.”

12.C。他们会穿着绚丽的游泳服。embarrassed 局促不安的，尴尬的；buried埋头于，沉溺于； be dressed up指穿着（特殊服装）；be fed up意为“对……感到厌烦”。

13.D。转折关系，用but。句意：他们都会穿着绚丽的游泳服，身上涂了乳液，但却坐在伞荫下。

14.A。第51题讲到他们会看护着所携带的装满东西的大包，所以本句讲到他们坐在包旁边。

15.B。句意：如果他们确实下水了，也只是游几分钟就撤回到他们的物品旁边了。

16.D。根据语境排除miles（英里） hours（小时） days（天）。

17.C。我总是纳闷（wonder）为什么他们会来游泳池。explain解释；inquire about询问，打探； wonder纳闷，想弄明白； figure out 弄明白，理解，解决。

18.D。有时，我想，游泳池的生活就像通常的生活一样。for certain无疑的，确定的； in summer在夏天； in particular尤其，特别； in general通常，一般而言

19.C。句意：有些人花如此多的时间携带并担心他们的财物，以致于他们几乎没有去游泳。never              从来；always总是；hardly几乎不； occasionally偶尔，间或。

20.A。不要成为他们中的一员。

Ⅴ.语法填空(10分)

  American writer Theodore Seuss Geisel – better    1   (know) as "Dr. Seuss"， is one of the world's most famous authors of books for children.

March 2, 2017 was his 113th birthday. He was born in 1904 in Massachusetts and    2    (die) in 1991.   3    his honor, March 2 is called both "Dr. Seuss Day" and, in many places, "World Book Day."  The aim of the observance is to celebrate literature and urge children around the world to read.

Dr. Seuss is famous for his fantastical and    4    (humor) books for young children. His books    5    (fill) with colorful pictures and fun rhymes. Dr. Seuss'    6    (work) include "The Cat in the Hat, "Green Eggs and Ham" and "The Lorax."

Dr. Seuss helped generations of children learn to read - and to love reading. His books have been published in some 20 languages.

Many people used "World Book Day"    7    (express) thanks for Dr. Seuss' books. If you missed out on World Book Day, you will have    8    chance later this year to celebrate books and reading. The United Nations marks World Book and Copyright Day on April 23. That is the date on    9    several of the world's    10    (great) writers died. They include England's William Shakespeare and Miguel de Cervantes of Spain.

【答案】

4. humorous。考查构词法。名词humor转换为形容词humorous（幽默的），作定语，修饰名词books。    

5. are filled。考查时态和主谓一致。表示“充满”，为be filled with。因books为复数名词，be动词用are。  

6. works。考查名词复数。此处work是可数名词，意为“作品，著作”，其复数为works。

7. to express。考查非谓语。use sth. to do…意为“用……来做……”，其中动词不定式作目的状语。 

8. another。考查不定代词。表示“另一个，又一个” ，用another。

9. which。考查定语从句。on which指代on the date，相当于when。       

10. greatest。考查形容词比较等级。根据句意“世界上几位最伟大的作家在这一天去世”，用最高级形式greatest。

VI．短文改错

  短文改错 (共10分;每小题1分,满分10分)

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文，短文中共有10处，每句错每句最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧), 并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改： 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2、只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起) 不计分。

One day when I was on my way to home from school, I found a building on fire. Immediately I called the firefighters.

Several minutes lately, the firefighters arrived and tried their best to control the fire. With the help of the firefighters, a lot of peoples left the building safely. Sudden a foreign woman came in a hurry to tell the firefighters everything. But they can’t understand what she said. I went to the woman and asked her that was happening. She told me that his daughter was still in the building. I told the firefighters about it at once. They immediately run into the building and rescued little girl.

5. everything改为something  something意为“某事”，而everything意为“每件事情，一切”，根据句意，“一名外国妇女匆匆赶来告诉消防员某事”，用something。

6. can’t改为couldn’t  can’t为一般现在时，其过去式为couldn’t 。因记叙的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。

7. that改为what  what was happening意为“正在发生的事”。what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作主语。

8.his改为her  指代“她的”，用物主代词her。

9.run改为ran  run的过去式为ran。因记叙的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。

10.rescued后加上the  the little girl指her daughter。特指上文提到的人或物，用定冠词。

VII.书面表达（20分）

假设你是李华，是一名高三学生。最近，你校广播站面向全体学生招募两名英语播音员。你很想尝试一下，请根据下面的要点写一封自荐信。

1．自我介绍和写信的目的；

2．自身优势；

3．希望被录取。

注意：  1．词数120-150；

    2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

    3．开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。

Dear Sir Or Madam，

I am Li Hua． _____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________

I am looking forward to your early reply．

                   Yours，                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     LiHua

【答案】

Dear Sir or Madam,

I am Li Hua. I am a student in Class 1, Grade 3. I have read the notice that our school radio station needs two English announcers, so I’m writing to introduce myself.

First of all, I am greatly interested in broadcasting. I have received some professional training in my spare time, hoping that I can work as an announcer in the future. Now I would like to put what I have learned into practice and gain some experience. Besides, I am good at English, especially spoken English. I won first prize in the English Speech Competition last year. So I think I am highly qualified for the job. If I am admitted, I will try my best to serve the students. I sincerely hope that you can give me a chance to work for the school radio station.

I am looking forward to your early reply.

                                                                    Yours,

                                                                    Li Hua

【试题分析】本篇作文是书信类作文，并给出了写作要点。写好此文，需注意三点：一是写信格式要准确，信的开头结尾已给出。二是要详略得当，本文应重点应放在自身的优势上。三要注意适当地增加细节，恰当地使用连接过渡词，以使行文连贯。范文是典型的三段论，第一段先简要介绍自己以及写作目的。第二段围绕写作重点“自身的优势”展开，用First of all, Besides,逐一谈论自己的优势，条理清楚。本段最后两句，表达了作者希望被录取。总体来说范文要点齐全，写作层次清晰，紧扣要点，行文连贯。