外研版 (2019)必修 第三册Unit 6 Disaster and hope学案及答案

Section Ⅱ　Using language

1.forecast n．&vt.预测；预报

(教材原句)Technology isn't the only way to forecast the weather.

技术并不是预测天气的唯一方法。

❶The weather forecast said there would be a heavy rain.

天气预报说将有大雨。

❷The report forecasts that prices will rise by 3% next month.

报告预测下个月物价将上涨3%。

[归纳探究]

(1)forecast sth.to do sth.    预测某物做某事

forecast that...    预测……

(2)weather forecast    天气预报

sales forecast    销量预测

[联想拓展]　过去式：forecast或forecasted

过去分词：forecast或forecasted

现在分词：forecasting

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①It ____________ (forecast) that the weather for the day of the race will be bad.

②__________________________________________ (天气预报) says the weather is not good so we are taking a large parcel of warm clothes with us.

2.reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的

(教材原句)So, for accurate and reliable predictions, it's best to check an official, scientific report.

因此，为了准确可靠的预测，最好查看官方的科学报告。

❶It is not reliable to judge a man only by his looks.

仅仅以貌取人是不可靠的。

❷The old lady had to rely on other people to do the shopping for her.

那位老太太只能依靠别人替她购物。

❸You may rely on it that she won't leave out any important information.

你可以相信她不会漏掉任何重要的信息。

[归纳探究]

rely on＝depend on    依靠，依赖；信任，信赖

rely on sb./sth. to do sth.    依靠某人/某物做某事

rely on it that...＝depend on it that...    相信……；指望……

[单词积累]　rely依靠，依赖，相信

[一言助记]　Many parents feel some teachers in the kindergarten are not reliable and they can't rely on them to look after their children.  In other words, they can't rely on it that a kindergarten whose purpose is to earn money will benefit their children a lot.

很多家长觉得幼儿园的一些老师不值得信赖，他们不能依赖他们来照顾孩子。换句话说，他们不指望一所以赚钱为目的的幼儿园能对他们的孩子有多好。

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①You can rely on him ________ (respond) to a challenge.

②He is a ________ (rely) person and you can ask him for help.

③You may rely on ________ that the work will be finished ahead of time.

3.rescue n．营救，解救，救助，抢救

(教材原句)International rescue teams soon began to arrive in the country.国际救援队很快开始抵达该国。

❶Have you read the article about the rescue of the two miners?

你读过关于营救两个矿工的那篇文章吗？

❷At midnight we finally rescued the tourists who were trapped in the valley.半夜，我们终于救出了被困在山谷中的游客。

❸When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers came to our rescue.

当我们被困在废墟中时，士兵们赶来救援。

[归纳探究]

go/come to sb.'s rescue＝rescue sb.    进行援救，营救某人

rescue sb. from...    从……中救出某人

rescue team    救援队

[联想拓展]　类似结构还有：

come to sb.'s aid来帮某人

come to sb.'s assistance援助某人

[即学即练]　单句语法填空/完成句子

①She ________ (rescue) nine days after the plane crash.

②我们来救他，把他从河里拉了出来。

We ________________ and pulled him out of the river.

③他绝处逢生，从沙漠被救了回来。

He ________________________ the desert.

4.claim v．(战争、事故等)夺去(生命)；声称，断言；索要，索取　n．声称，断言；索赔

(教材原句)Caused by exceptionally heavy snowfall within a short period of time, they destroyed buildings and forests, and claimed over 256 lives.由于短时间内的特大降雪，它们摧毁了建筑物和森林，夺去了超过256人的生命。

❶The earthquake has so far claimed over 1，000 lives.

到目前为止，这场地震已经夺去了1 000多人的生命。

❷He claimed that he could finish the work without any help.

他声称不需要任何帮助就可以完成这项工作。

❸It is claimed that some doctors work 80 hours a week.

据说一些医生每周工作80多个小时。

❹He claims to have found a temple on the peak.

他声称在山顶发现了一座寺庙。

❺They have made a claim for the loss caused by the accident.

他们已经为事故造成的损失提出索赔。

[归纳探究]

(1)claim one's life    夺去某人的生命

claim to do sth.    声称要做某事

claim to have done sth.    声称做过某事

claim that...    声称……

It's claimed that...    据称……

claim sth. back    要回某物

(2)make a claim    断言；索赔

make a claim for...    为……提出索赔；就……提出要求

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①Natural disasters ________ (claim) more than 1.6 million lives in the last ten years.

②He claimed ________ (be) a scholar but was not such.

③Tom claimed ________ (see) an alien, but no one believed him.

④________ is claimed that he saw the aliens with his own eyes.

5.threaten v．威胁到，危及，威胁，恐吓

❶Changing patterns of agriculture are threatening the countryside.

农业模式的变化正在威胁着乡村。

❷The attacker threatened them with a gun.袭击者用枪威胁他们。

❸She is prepared to carry out her threat to resign.

对于将辞职的要挟付诸行动，她已做好了思想准备。

[归纳探究]

(1)be threatened with    受到……威胁

threaten sb. with...    用……威胁某人

threaten to do sth.    威胁要做某事

threaten (that)．..    威胁说……

(2)under threat    遭到威胁

be a threat to...    对……是一个威胁

[单词积累]　threat n．威胁，恐吓

threatening adj.恐吓的

[即学即练]　单句语法填空

①David threatened ________ (report) his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.

②People who engage in ________ (threaten) behaviour should be arrested.

③If their habitat ________ (threaten) or they cannot find enough food, their numbers may decrease.

④These ancient woodlands are ________ threat from new road developments.

熟记下列重要短语

①leave out    省略；遗漏，忽视

②than usual    比平时

③in history    在历史上

④consist of    由……组成

⑤pay attention to    注意

⑥result in    导致，造成

⑦lead to    导致，造成

⑧over time    随着时间的推移

⑨listen out for    注意听

⑩suffer from    遭受

省略

一、语法现象感知

①When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.

②Though (it was) cold, he still wore a shirt.

③Mistakes, if (there are) any, should be corrected.

④—Would you like to study English with me?

—Yes, I'd like to.

⑤If (it is) true, this will cause us a lot of trouble.

二、语法规则理解

1．例句①②③⑤是________的省略。

2．例句④是________的省略。

微点拨　在英语句子中，用词简洁是一条重要的表达原则。省略是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接。经常在从句中使用，与主句配合，使句子富于变化，增强表现力。例如，在以than, as引导的比较状语从句中，一些成分往往被省略，这会给理解带来一定的影响，而且这类句子出现频率较高。

省略

一、状语从句中的省略

在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until, as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。

❶When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano.

她很小的时候就开始学习弹钢琴。

❷Don't come in until (you are) asked to.

不叫你时，请你不要进来。

❸He did as (he had been) told.

他按照被告知的那样去做了。

❹Though (they were) tired, they went on working.

虽然他们累了，但他们仍继续工作。

二、动词不定式的省略

1．感官动词see, hear, feel, watch等和使役动词have, make, let等后接不定式时，不定式省略to。

They made the boy go to bed early.

他们强迫这个男孩早睡。

2．do nothing but, can't help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。

We didn't do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.

昨天，我们没做任何事，只是在家看电视。

3．在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want, wish, hope, try, plan, like, love, hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be, have时要保留be和have。

❶My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn't want to.

我父母鼓励我去上大学，但我不想去。

❷—Are you a teacher?

——你是老师吗？

—No, but I used to be (a teacher)．

——不，但我以前是。

三、简单句中的省略

感叹句中常省略主语和谓语；在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。

❶What a hot day (it is)！多热的天啊！

How wonderful (it is)！多妙啊！

❷—(Will you) Have a smoke？——你抽烟吗？

—No. Thanks.——不，谢谢了。

❸We have nothing to do now but wait.

我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。

❹Why (do you) talk so much about it?

为什么大谈这件事呢？

四、并列句中的省略

1．如果主语不同，而谓语动词中的一部分相同，则省略谓语动词中相同的部分。

2．主语相同，谓语动词也相同，则两者均可以省略。

3．主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。

4．在并列复合句中，如果that从句从属于第二个并列句且它的谓语动词和宾语等其他一些成分与第一个并列句相同时，这个that从句通常可以省略这些相同的部分。

❶John must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.

约翰一定在踢球，而玛丽一定在做作业。

❷Old McDonald gave up smoking for a while, but (he) soon returned to his old ways.

老麦克唐纳戒了一阵子烟，可很快又抽上了。

五、常用的省略结构

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．You have to demonstrate that you are ________ (rely). Otherwise, they dare not accept you.

2．On ________ (arrive) there, they set about doing the experiment.

3．Yesterday's weather forecast was ________ (exceptional) accurate.

4．They claim ________ (discover) a cure for the disease.

5．She grabbed a knife and threatened ________ (kill) the thief if he didn't hand over the stolen necklace.

6．He pronounced the word in English very slowly and ________ (precise)．

Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成省略句

1．The burn that she got from the iron was red and it was very painful.

→The burn that she got from the iron was red and ____________．

2．Just take a short break if you are tired.

→Just take a short break ________．

3．I would do it for you, but I don't know how to do it for you.

→I would do it for you, but I don't know ________.

4．They didn't visit their parents as much as they ought to visit their parents.

→They didn't visit their parents as much as they ________．

5．Only some of the students have done a first aid course but most of the students haven't done a first aid course.

→Only some of the students have done a first aid course but ____________．

6．John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel.

→John will go abroad to travel but his brother ________．

7．She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.

→She stood at the gate as if ________________．

8．Wood gives off much smoke while it is burning.

→Wood gives off much smoke ____________．

9．Whenever it is possible, they would stop him and ask him the three questions.

→________________， they would stop him and ask him the three questions.

10. He runs as fast as Bob runs.

→He runs as fast as ________．

Ⅲ.完成句子

1．过马路时要小心汽车。

Look out for cars ________________________．

2．正如计划的一样，他们按时出席了会议。

They attended the meeting on time ____________________________________．

3．他比预期晚回来三天。

He came back three days later ______________________________．

4．——明天天气会放晴吗？

——我希望是这样。

—Will it clear up tomorrow?

—I ____________________________．

5．当被提供帮助时，人们常说“谢谢”或“你太好了”。

________________， one often says  “Thank  you” or “It's kind of you”．

Section Ⅱ　Using language

要点精研·探究学习

1．①is forecast(ed)　②The weather forecast

2．①to respond　②reliable　③it

3．①was rescued　②came to his rescue　③was unexpectedly rescued from

4．①have claimed　②to be　③to have seen　④It

5．①to report　②threatening　③is threatened　④under

语法新知·对接课堂

二、

1．状语从句　2.动词不定式

课时达标·随堂自测

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．reliable　2.arriving　3.exceptionally　4.to have discovered

5．to kill　6.precisely

Ⅱ.将下列句子改写成省略句

1．very painful　2.if tired　3.how to　4.ought to　5.most haven't　6.will not　7.waiting for someone　8.while burning

9．Whenever possible　10.Bob

Ⅲ.完成句子

1．when crossing the street　2.as planned　3.than expected　4.hope so　5.When offered help