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英语选择性必修 第三册Unit 1 Face values学案
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这是一份英语选择性必修 第三册Unit 1 Face values学案，共12页。学案主要包含了主语从句与形式主语it，主语从句的注意事项等内容，欢迎下载使用。
情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
1.（教材P5）… what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyne, s wh cares?
2.（教材P5）That my pictures aren’t hurting anyne is what I say , s wh cares?
3.（教材P5）It is a well-knwn fact that the faces sme peple shw t the wrld might be cmpletely different t their real persnalities .
4.（教材P5）Frm this, it’s impssible t knw what their true feelings are .
5.（教材P5） Hw thers are feeling is nt smething that we shuld make assumptins abut, because it’s nt always bvius wh is truly happy .
6.观察上面句子, 并分别写出画线从句在主句中所作的成分：
1. 主语
2. 表语
3. 同位语
4. 宾语
5. 主语; 主语
要点精析
在复合句中, 作主语的从句称为主语从句。
一、主语从句的引导词及其在句中的功能
（一）连接词that和whether
1. that引导主语从句, 在从句中不充当任何成分, 仅起连接作用, 但不能省略。
2. whether引导主语从句, 在从句中不充当任何成分, 起连接作用, 但有自己的意义, 不可省略。
注意：that、whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首, 也可放在句尾（放句尾时前面需用it作形式主语）。
例如：
1.That she culd cme t help us made us very happy.
2.That the big earthquake had killed many peple frightened peple all ver the wrld.
3.Whether we g by train r by bat makes n difference.
4. It is still unknwn whether the plan will be carried ut. （二）连接代词wh, whse, whm, what, which, whichever, whever, whmever, whatever
二、主语从句与形式主语it
英语中, 常常可以用it作形式主语, 而把主语从句放在后面。常见的用it作形式主语的主语从句结构：
三、主语从句的注意事项
（一）从句的语序
在任何情况下, 主语从句都用陈述句语序。
1.Whichever f yu gets here first will get the prize.
2.Hw he succeeded is still a puzzle.
（二）主谓一致
1. 从句作主语时, 后面的谓语动词一般用单数形式; 但what引导的主语从句, 后面的谓语动词应与作表语的名词在数上保持一致。
2. 如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式; 由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：
1. What they need are bks.
2. What they need is lve.
3. When they will start and where they will g have nt been decided yet.
4. When and where the meeting will be held has nt been decided.
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Whether he can d it is a prblem.
2.It makes n difference t me whether yu like it r nt.
3. Whever des wrng t his cuntry r t the peple deserves punishment.
4. Which charity they will g t has nt been decided.
5. Why he turned dwn the invitatin was nt clear.
6. That the earth ges arund the sun is knwn t us all.
7. What side effect this medicine has is nt knwn t the patient.
8.It is still unknwn whether the medicine will be effective.
9.It is nt clear hw he gt here withut any mney.
10. What she culdn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students shwed interest in science.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1.有人建议我们应该给员工提供学习最新技术的机会。
It is suggested that we (shuld) prvide pprtunities fr emplyees t learn the latest technlgy.
2.很可惜, 我们不能解决这个问题。
It is a pity that we cannt slve the prblem.
3.我们需要做的是想出新办法来改善现状。
What we need t d is think f new ways t imprve the current situatin.
4.我们要去哪儿度假还没有决定。
Where we will spend ur hliday has nt been decided.
5.他为什么没有通过生物考试还不清楚。
Why he failed the bilgy exam isn’t clear.
6.谁打的长途电话并不重要。
Wh made the lng distance call is nt imprtant.
7.我们吃早餐是有必要的。
It is necessary that we (shuld) have breakfast .
8.它是否对我们有害并不重要。
Whether it will d harm t us desn’t matter.
9.我们要邀请多少人还是一个问题。
Hw many peple we are t invite is still a questin.
10.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It remains a prblem whether they will supprt us.
Ⅲ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As teenagers, we d have sme trubles when grwing up, but we can get rid f them crrectly and 1. (wise). First, sme teenagers are upset 2. their images and lks. They are unnecessary and nt imprtant at all. We needn’t care abut them. It is ne’s inner beauty 3. matters. Secnd, we smetimes seem t be 4. (understand) by ur teachers, parents and classmates. 5. (face) with this, we can find 6. prper time t have a heart-t-heart talk with them, 7. (try) t remve the misunderstanding. Sme f us have fewer friends. I think being pen-minded and friendly will d yu gd. Third, we may fall behind thers, 8. makes us feel stressed. Actually we can encurage urselves t wrk efficiently, full f 9. (determine). At last, sme f us dn’t have much pcket mney, s they feel unhappy. Isn’t it strange? 10. lng as we have sme, that’s enugh. And we can learn hw t manage mney.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.wisely
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。年轻人在成长的过程中, 经常会遇见麻烦。作者在文章中提出了四条帮助年轻人处理生活中麻烦事的建议。
考查副词。根据and前面的crrectly可知, 此处是副词作状语, 修饰get rid f。
答案：2.abut
解析：2.考查固定搭配。be upset abut意为“对……感到心烦”。
答案：3.that
解析：3.考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/wh+其他部分”, 本句强调ne’s inner beauty, 所以要填that。
答案：4.misunderstd
解析：4.考查被动语态。分析语境可知, 设空处表示“误解”, 应用misunderstand。本句主语we与动词misunderstand构成被动关系, 要用过去分词与前面的be构成被动语态。所以要填misunderstd。
答案：5.Faced
解析：5.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 此处用非谓语动词作状语。be faced with…表示“面对……”。所以要填Faced。
答案：6.a
解析：6.考查冠词。a prper time意为“一个合适的时间”。所以要填a。
答案：7.trying
解析：7.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 此处用非谓语动词作状语。本句主语we与动词try构成主动关系, 现在分词在句中作状语。所以要填trying。
答案：8.which
解析：8.考查定语从句。关系代词which指代前面的主句, 引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语。
答案：9.determinatin
解析：9.考查名词。介词f后面通常接名词或代词作宾语, 句中要用determine的名词形式作宾语, 所以要填determinatin。
答案：10.As/S
解析：10.考查固定搭配。s/as lng as意为“只要”, 引导条件状语从句。所以要填As/S。
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. assumptin n. 假定, 假设
Hw thers are feeling is nt smething that we shuld make assumptins abut, because it’s nt always bvius wh is truly happy. （教材P5）我们不应该假设别人的感受, 因为谁是真正快乐的并不总是显而易见的。
典例翻译
①We make the assumptin that everyne invited will turn up at the wedding.
我们假定每一个受到邀请的人都会出席此次婚礼。
②It is generally assumed that stress is caused by t much wrk.
普遍认为, 压力是工作过重导致。
③I have assumed him t be an American.
我本以为他是美国人。
④We are wrking n the assumptin that everyne will turn up.
我们正在依据每个人都会出现这样一个假设作出安排。
归纳拓展
（1）assumptin n. 假定, 假设
认为, 假定 make an assumptin
假定…… n the assumptin that...
（2）assume vt. 假定; 认为
认为某人是…… assume sb. t be...
人们认为…… It is assumed that...
假设 assuming that...
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①A thughtful fficial passed n sme f the cpies t the park authrities n the assumptin (assume)that they might make a nice blw-up fr ne f the visitrs’ centres.
②Let us assume it t be (be) true.
（2）句式升级
③If there isn’t the hard wrk f the dustman, what can yu imagine ur envirnment will be like? （用assuming that……改写）
Assuming that there isn’t the hard wrk f the dustman , what can yu imagine ur envirnment will be like?
④Peple assume that what they d has little effect n the envirnment. （用it作形式主语改写）
It is assumed that what peple d has little effect n the envirnment.
2. sensitive adj. 敏感的
He has the utward appearance f the King f the Beasts, but he has a timid and sensitive character, which causes him t believe he is a cward. （教材P7）它有着兽中之王的外表, 但是它有一个胆怯而敏感的性格, 这使它相信自己是一个懦夫。
典例翻译
①As is ften the case in nature, sme plants are s sensitive t temperature that they can nly survive in cl places.
有些植物对温度非常敏感, 以至于它们只能在凉爽的地方生存, 这在自然界是经常的情况。
②There were families there that I might r might nt knw, but I sensed that I shuld knw them.
那里有些家庭我可能认识, 也可能不认识, 但我觉得我应该认识他们。
③The speaker had a strng accent, s Tm culdn’t make sense f what he had said.
因为演讲者有浓重的口音, 所以汤姆听不懂他所说的话。
④I appreciate the sense f urgency because I feel it myself.
我领会这种紧迫的感觉, 因为我自己就能体会到。
归纳拓展
（1）sensitive adj.敏感的; 艺术感觉好的
对某事敏感/某人体谅 be sensitive t sth./sb.
栩栩如生的画像 a sensitive prtrait
（2）sense n. 感觉官能; 理解力; 意义; 理智 vt. 感觉到; 检测出
有道理, 合乎情理, 明智 make sense
做某事没有意义/没有多大意义 there is n/little sense/pint (in) ding sth.
醒过来; 恢复理智 cme t ne’s senses
失去理智; 糊涂了; 发疯 lse ne’s senses
在某种意义上 in a sense
在各种意义上 in every sense
决不 in n sense
方向感/幽默感/职责感/责任感 a sense f directin/humr/duty/respnsibility
广义上/狭义上 in a brad/narrw sense
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①What she says is true in a sense.
②Here was n sense in making (make) a child suffer like that.
③We hpe she’ll cme t her senses and crrect her mistakes.
（2）单句写作
④研究表明, 良好的幽默感甚至会让你看起来更聪明。(2020江苏卷, 任务型阅读)
Studies shw that a gd sense f humr even makes yu seem smarter.
3. lyal adj. 忠贞的, 忠实的, 忠诚的
In reality, he is brave and lyal, and always ready fr a dangerus challenge when it is necessary t d the right thing. （教材P7）在现实中, 有必要做正确的事情的时候他是勇敢和忠诚的, 并且时刻准备迎接危险的挑战。
典例翻译
①A lyal man stands by his friends in weal and we.
一个忠诚的人无论祸福都会支持他的朋友。
②We are lyal t ur mtherland.
我们忠于祖国。
③My judgement was frequently faulty, but my lyalty t the natin culd nt be questined.
我的判断经常出错, 但是我对祖国的忠诚是毋庸置疑的。
归纳拓展
（1）lyal adj. 忠贞的, 忠实的, 忠诚的
忠于 be lyal t
忠于爱情 lyal in ne’s lve
（2）lyalty n. 忠诚; 忠心; 忠贞
对……的忠诚 lyalty t
出于对……的忠诚 ut f lyalty t
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①We were given a ryal welcme.
② I cnsider myself t be lyal t the brand.
③The cuple were lyal in their lve thugh they were living a tugh life.
（2）完成句子
④她总是信守自己的政治原则。
She has always remained lyal t her plitical principles.
⑤他一直是我们大家忠实的朋友。
He’d always been such a lyal friend t us all .
⑥他的赤诚忠心使他看不清真相。
His sense f lyalty blinded him t the truth.
重点句型
现在分词短语作状语
Hwever, he perfrms brave actins even when he feels afraid, prving that he is in fact a curageus individual. （教材P7）然而, 即使在他感到害怕的时候, 他也会做出勇敢的举动, 这证明了他实际上是一个勇敢的人。
典例翻译
①Having answered the letter, she went n t listen t the radi.
回信后, 她接着听收音机。
②Having been tld t stay in Beijing, the by decided nt t return t his village.
被告知留在北京后, 男孩决定不回他的村庄了。
③While crssing the street, yu shuld lk arund.
过马路时, 你应该看看周围。
④The meeting being ver, we all left the hall.
会议结束后, 我们都离开了大厅。
归纳拓展
（1）现在分词的完成被动式与过去分词都表示“完成”“被动”, 但前者更加强调分词动作先于谓语动作, 而后者的时间性不强。
（2）分词作状语时, 其逻辑主语是句子的主语。
（3）当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时, 分词需要带自己的主语, 从而构成独立主格结构。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
① Wrking (wrk) hard, yu will succeed.
②Whether permitting (permit), we will g t the Great Wall tmrrw.
③But nce having met (meet) and liked them, we think hw terrible it wuld have been, had we missed the chance.（2020天津卷, 阅读理解）
（2）句式升级
Because she buried herself in the film, she didn’t knw it was snwing utside.
④ Burying herself in the film , she didn’t knw it was snwing utside. （用现在分词短语作状语改写）
⑤ Buried in the film , she didn’t knw it was snwing utside. （用过去分词短语作状语改写）引导词
在主语从句中所作成分
例句
that
不作任何成分, 没有词汇意义
That yu dn’t like him is nne f my business. 你不喜欢他不关我的事。
It is imprtant that parents create a peaceful envirnment in the family, which is helpful in shaping the child’s character. 父母在家里营造一个和睦的环境很重要, 这有助于塑造孩子的性格。
what/whatever
主语、宾语、表语、定语
What is hard is t d gd all ne’s life and never d anything bad. 一个人难的是一辈子做好事, 不做坏事。
Whatever yu d in yur spare time shuld d n harm t thers. 无论你在自己的业余时间做什么, 都不应该伤害别人。
whether
不作任何成分, 意为“是否”
Whether we can have clean drinking water depends n what effective measures will be taken by the gvernment abut water pllutin. 我们能否有干净的饮用水, 取决于关于水污染政府采取什么有效措施。
when
时间状语
When the meeting will be held has nt been decided yet. 什么时候开会还没有决定。
where
地点状语
Where we will g fr the hliday is being discussed at the class meeting. 我们去哪里度假正在班会上讨论。
hw
方式状语
Hw we will build a harmnius class is an issue t be slved. 如何创建和谐班级是一个有待解决的问题。
why
原因状语
Why he was absent frm schl is still a mystery. 他为什么没有上学仍是个谜。
wh/whever
主语
Whever is in a hurry shws that the thing he is abut is t big fr him. 不管是谁, 匆匆忙忙只能说明他不能从事他所从事的工作。
which
定语
Which grup did the best jb will be decided after the match. 哪一个小组做得最好, 比赛后才能决定。
whse
定语
Whse speech is ppular depends n the reactin frm the audience. 谁的演讲受欢迎取决于听众的反应。
结构
常用搭配结构
例句
It is+名词+that从句
It is a fact (a pity, a shame, n wnder, gd news...) that...
It is n wnder that he wn first place in the English speech cntest. 难怪他在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。
It is+形容词+that从句
It is necessary (prper, imprtant, essential, vital...) that... [注意：这类从句中谓语动词多为“(shuld+) 动词原形”]。
It is necessary that we shuld take measures t prtect the envirnment. 我们采取措施保护环境是必要的。
It is+过去分词+that/whether 从句
It is said(reprted, decided, believed...) that...
It is unknwn whether...
It is believed that hard wrk will pay ff. 人们相信, 付出总有回报。
It is unknwn whether the medicine wrks. 这药是否有效还是未知的。
It+不及物动词+that 从句
It seems (happened, desn’t matter...) that...
It happened that I went t visit my first teacher that day. 碰巧那天我去拜访我的启蒙老师。
It+及物动词+宾语+that从句
It surprised (wrried, disappinted...) sb. that...
It surprised him that they came t visit him suddenly. 让他吃惊的是, 他们突然来看他。
It wrried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在变白, 这让她有点担心。
情境创设·语法精讲
教材链接
1.（教材P5）… what I say is that my pictures aren’t hurting anyne, s wh cares?
2.（教材P5）That my pictures aren’t hurting anyne is what I say , s wh cares?
3.（教材P5）It is a well-knwn fact that the faces sme peple shw t the wrld might be cmpletely different t their real persnalities .
4.（教材P5）Frm this, it’s impssible t knw what their true feelings are .
5.（教材P5） Hw thers are feeling is nt smething that we shuld make assumptins abut, because it’s nt always bvius wh is truly happy .
6.观察上面句子, 并分别写出画线从句在主句中所作的成分：
1. 主语
2. 表语
3. 同位语
4. 宾语
5. 主语; 主语
要点精析
在复合句中, 作主语的从句称为主语从句。
一、主语从句的引导词及其在句中的功能
（一）连接词that和whether
1. that引导主语从句, 在从句中不充当任何成分, 仅起连接作用, 但不能省略。
2. whether引导主语从句, 在从句中不充当任何成分, 起连接作用, 但有自己的意义, 不可省略。
注意：that、whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首, 也可放在句尾（放句尾时前面需用it作形式主语）。
例如：
1.That she culd cme t help us made us very happy.
2.That the big earthquake had killed many peple frightened peple all ver the wrld.
3.Whether we g by train r by bat makes n difference.
4. It is still unknwn whether the plan will be carried ut. （二）连接代词wh, whse, whm, what, which, whichever, whever, whmever, whatever
二、主语从句与形式主语it
英语中, 常常可以用it作形式主语, 而把主语从句放在后面。常见的用it作形式主语的主语从句结构：
三、主语从句的注意事项
（一）从句的语序
在任何情况下, 主语从句都用陈述句语序。
1.Whichever f yu gets here first will get the prize.
2.Hw he succeeded is still a puzzle.
（二）主谓一致
1. 从句作主语时, 后面的谓语动词一般用单数形式; 但what引导的主语从句, 后面的谓语动词应与作表语的名词在数上保持一致。
2. 如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式; 由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时, 谓语动词用单数形式。
例如：
1. What they need are bks.
2. What they need is lve.
3. When they will start and where they will g have nt been decided yet.
4. When and where the meeting will be held has nt been decided.
实战演练
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Whether he can d it is a prblem.
2.It makes n difference t me whether yu like it r nt.
3. Whever des wrng t his cuntry r t the peple deserves punishment.
4. Which charity they will g t has nt been decided.
5. Why he turned dwn the invitatin was nt clear.
6. That the earth ges arund the sun is knwn t us all.
7. What side effect this medicine has is nt knwn t the patient.
8.It is still unknwn whether the medicine will be effective.
9.It is nt clear hw he gt here withut any mney.
10. What she culdn’t understand was that fewer and fewer students shwed interest in science.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1.有人建议我们应该给员工提供学习最新技术的机会。
It is suggested that we (shuld) prvide pprtunities fr emplyees t learn the latest technlgy.
2.很可惜, 我们不能解决这个问题。
It is a pity that we cannt slve the prblem.
3.我们需要做的是想出新办法来改善现状。
What we need t d is think f new ways t imprve the current situatin.
4.我们要去哪儿度假还没有决定。
Where we will spend ur hliday has nt been decided.
5.他为什么没有通过生物考试还不清楚。
Why he failed the bilgy exam isn’t clear.
6.谁打的长途电话并不重要。
Wh made the lng distance call is nt imprtant.
7.我们吃早餐是有必要的。
It is necessary that we (shuld) have breakfast .
8.它是否对我们有害并不重要。
Whether it will d harm t us desn’t matter.
9.我们要邀请多少人还是一个问题。
Hw many peple we are t invite is still a questin.
10.他们是否会支持我们还是一个问题。
It remains a prblem whether they will supprt us.
Ⅲ. 语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As teenagers, we d have sme trubles when grwing up, but we can get rid f them crrectly and 1. (wise). First, sme teenagers are upset 2. their images and lks. They are unnecessary and nt imprtant at all. We needn’t care abut them. It is ne’s inner beauty 3. matters. Secnd, we smetimes seem t be 4. (understand) by ur teachers, parents and classmates. 5. (face) with this, we can find 6. prper time t have a heart-t-heart talk with them, 7. (try) t remve the misunderstanding. Sme f us have fewer friends. I think being pen-minded and friendly will d yu gd. Third, we may fall behind thers, 8. makes us feel stressed. Actually we can encurage urselves t wrk efficiently, full f 9. (determine). At last, sme f us dn’t have much pcket mney, s they feel unhappy. Isn’t it strange? 10. lng as we have sme, that’s enugh. And we can learn hw t manage mney.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
答案：1.wisely
解析：1.[语篇解读] 本文是一篇说明文。年轻人在成长的过程中, 经常会遇见麻烦。作者在文章中提出了四条帮助年轻人处理生活中麻烦事的建议。
考查副词。根据and前面的crrectly可知, 此处是副词作状语, 修饰get rid f。
答案：2.abut
解析：2.考查固定搭配。be upset abut意为“对……感到心烦”。
答案：3.that
解析：3.考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构是“It is/was+被强调部分+that/wh+其他部分”, 本句强调ne’s inner beauty, 所以要填that。
答案：4.misunderstd
解析：4.考查被动语态。分析语境可知, 设空处表示“误解”, 应用misunderstand。本句主语we与动词misunderstand构成被动关系, 要用过去分词与前面的be构成被动语态。所以要填misunderstd。
答案：5.Faced
解析：5.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 此处用非谓语动词作状语。be faced with…表示“面对……”。所以要填Faced。
答案：6.a
解析：6.考查冠词。a prper time意为“一个合适的时间”。所以要填a。
答案：7.trying
解析：7.考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知, 此处用非谓语动词作状语。本句主语we与动词try构成主动关系, 现在分词在句中作状语。所以要填trying。
答案：8.which
解析：8.考查定语从句。关系代词which指代前面的主句, 引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语。
答案：9.determinatin
解析：9.考查名词。介词f后面通常接名词或代词作宾语, 句中要用determine的名词形式作宾语, 所以要填determinatin。
答案：10.As/S
解析：10.考查固定搭配。s/as lng as意为“只要”, 引导条件状语从句。所以要填As/S。
新知清障·素养构建
核心词汇
1. assumptin n. 假定, 假设
Hw thers are feeling is nt smething that we shuld make assumptins abut, because it’s nt always bvius wh is truly happy. （教材P5）我们不应该假设别人的感受, 因为谁是真正快乐的并不总是显而易见的。
典例翻译
①We make the assumptin that everyne invited will turn up at the wedding.
我们假定每一个受到邀请的人都会出席此次婚礼。
②It is generally assumed that stress is caused by t much wrk.
普遍认为, 压力是工作过重导致。
③I have assumed him t be an American.
我本以为他是美国人。
④We are wrking n the assumptin that everyne will turn up.
我们正在依据每个人都会出现这样一个假设作出安排。
归纳拓展
（1）assumptin n. 假定, 假设
认为, 假定 make an assumptin
假定…… n the assumptin that...
（2）assume vt. 假定; 认为
认为某人是…… assume sb. t be...
人们认为…… It is assumed that...
假设 assuming that...
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①A thughtful fficial passed n sme f the cpies t the park authrities n the assumptin (assume)that they might make a nice blw-up fr ne f the visitrs’ centres.
②Let us assume it t be (be) true.
（2）句式升级
③If there isn’t the hard wrk f the dustman, what can yu imagine ur envirnment will be like? （用assuming that……改写）
Assuming that there isn’t the hard wrk f the dustman , what can yu imagine ur envirnment will be like?
④Peple assume that what they d has little effect n the envirnment. （用it作形式主语改写）
It is assumed that what peple d has little effect n the envirnment.
2. sensitive adj. 敏感的
He has the utward appearance f the King f the Beasts, but he has a timid and sensitive character, which causes him t believe he is a cward. （教材P7）它有着兽中之王的外表, 但是它有一个胆怯而敏感的性格, 这使它相信自己是一个懦夫。
典例翻译
①As is ften the case in nature, sme plants are s sensitive t temperature that they can nly survive in cl places.
有些植物对温度非常敏感, 以至于它们只能在凉爽的地方生存, 这在自然界是经常的情况。
②There were families there that I might r might nt knw, but I sensed that I shuld knw them.
那里有些家庭我可能认识, 也可能不认识, 但我觉得我应该认识他们。
③The speaker had a strng accent, s Tm culdn’t make sense f what he had said.
因为演讲者有浓重的口音, 所以汤姆听不懂他所说的话。
④I appreciate the sense f urgency because I feel it myself.
我领会这种紧迫的感觉, 因为我自己就能体会到。
归纳拓展
（1）sensitive adj.敏感的; 艺术感觉好的
对某事敏感/某人体谅 be sensitive t sth./sb.
栩栩如生的画像 a sensitive prtrait
（2）sense n. 感觉官能; 理解力; 意义; 理智 vt. 感觉到; 检测出
有道理, 合乎情理, 明智 make sense
做某事没有意义/没有多大意义 there is n/little sense/pint (in) ding sth.
醒过来; 恢复理智 cme t ne’s senses
失去理智; 糊涂了; 发疯 lse ne’s senses
在某种意义上 in a sense
在各种意义上 in every sense
决不 in n sense
方向感/幽默感/职责感/责任感 a sense f directin/humr/duty/respnsibility
广义上/狭义上 in a brad/narrw sense
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①What she says is true in a sense.
②Here was n sense in making (make) a child suffer like that.
③We hpe she’ll cme t her senses and crrect her mistakes.
（2）单句写作
④研究表明, 良好的幽默感甚至会让你看起来更聪明。(2020江苏卷, 任务型阅读)
Studies shw that a gd sense f humr even makes yu seem smarter.
3. lyal adj. 忠贞的, 忠实的, 忠诚的
In reality, he is brave and lyal, and always ready fr a dangerus challenge when it is necessary t d the right thing. （教材P7）在现实中, 有必要做正确的事情的时候他是勇敢和忠诚的, 并且时刻准备迎接危险的挑战。
典例翻译
①A lyal man stands by his friends in weal and we.
一个忠诚的人无论祸福都会支持他的朋友。
②We are lyal t ur mtherland.
我们忠于祖国。
③My judgement was frequently faulty, but my lyalty t the natin culd nt be questined.
我的判断经常出错, 但是我对祖国的忠诚是毋庸置疑的。
归纳拓展
（1）lyal adj. 忠贞的, 忠实的, 忠诚的
忠于 be lyal t
忠于爱情 lyal in ne’s lve
（2）lyalty n. 忠诚; 忠心; 忠贞
对……的忠诚 lyalty t
出于对……的忠诚 ut f lyalty t
学以致用
（1）单句填空
①We were given a ryal welcme.
② I cnsider myself t be lyal t the brand.
③The cuple were lyal in their lve thugh they were living a tugh life.
（2）完成句子
④她总是信守自己的政治原则。
She has always remained lyal t her plitical principles.
⑤他一直是我们大家忠实的朋友。
He’d always been such a lyal friend t us all .
⑥他的赤诚忠心使他看不清真相。
His sense f lyalty blinded him t the truth.
重点句型
现在分词短语作状语
Hwever, he perfrms brave actins even when he feels afraid, prving that he is in fact a curageus individual. （教材P7）然而, 即使在他感到害怕的时候, 他也会做出勇敢的举动, 这证明了他实际上是一个勇敢的人。
典例翻译
①Having answered the letter, she went n t listen t the radi.
回信后, 她接着听收音机。
②Having been tld t stay in Beijing, the by decided nt t return t his village.
被告知留在北京后, 男孩决定不回他的村庄了。
③While crssing the street, yu shuld lk arund.
过马路时, 你应该看看周围。
④The meeting being ver, we all left the hall.
会议结束后, 我们都离开了大厅。
归纳拓展
（1）现在分词的完成被动式与过去分词都表示“完成”“被动”, 但前者更加强调分词动作先于谓语动作, 而后者的时间性不强。
（2）分词作状语时, 其逻辑主语是句子的主语。
（3）当分词的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时, 分词需要带自己的主语, 从而构成独立主格结构。
学以致用
（1）单句填空
① Wrking (wrk) hard, yu will succeed.
②Whether permitting (permit), we will g t the Great Wall tmrrw.
③But nce having met (meet) and liked them, we think hw terrible it wuld have been, had we missed the chance.（2020天津卷, 阅读理解）
（2）句式升级
Because she buried herself in the film, she didn’t knw it was snwing utside.
④ Burying herself in the film , she didn’t knw it was snwing utside. （用现在分词短语作状语改写）
⑤ Buried in the film , she didn’t knw it was snwing utside. （用过去分词短语作状语改写）引导词
在主语从句中所作成分
例句
that
不作任何成分, 没有词汇意义
That yu dn’t like him is nne f my business. 你不喜欢他不关我的事。
It is imprtant that parents create a peaceful envirnment in the family, which is helpful in shaping the child’s character. 父母在家里营造一个和睦的环境很重要, 这有助于塑造孩子的性格。
what/whatever
主语、宾语、表语、定语
What is hard is t d gd all ne’s life and never d anything bad. 一个人难的是一辈子做好事, 不做坏事。
Whatever yu d in yur spare time shuld d n harm t thers. 无论你在自己的业余时间做什么, 都不应该伤害别人。
whether
不作任何成分, 意为“是否”
Whether we can have clean drinking water depends n what effective measures will be taken by the gvernment abut water pllutin. 我们能否有干净的饮用水, 取决于关于水污染政府采取什么有效措施。
when
时间状语
When the meeting will be held has nt been decided yet. 什么时候开会还没有决定。
where
地点状语
Where we will g fr the hliday is being discussed at the class meeting. 我们去哪里度假正在班会上讨论。
hw
方式状语
Hw we will build a harmnius class is an issue t be slved. 如何创建和谐班级是一个有待解决的问题。
why
原因状语
Why he was absent frm schl is still a mystery. 他为什么没有上学仍是个谜。
wh/whever
主语
Whever is in a hurry shws that the thing he is abut is t big fr him. 不管是谁, 匆匆忙忙只能说明他不能从事他所从事的工作。
which
定语
Which grup did the best jb will be decided after the match. 哪一个小组做得最好, 比赛后才能决定。
whse
定语
Whse speech is ppular depends n the reactin frm the audience. 谁的演讲受欢迎取决于听众的反应。
结构
常用搭配结构
例句
It is+名词+that从句
It is a fact (a pity, a shame, n wnder, gd news...) that...
It is n wnder that he wn first place in the English speech cntest. 难怪他在英语演讲比赛中获得第一名。
It is+形容词+that从句
It is necessary (prper, imprtant, essential, vital...) that... [注意：这类从句中谓语动词多为“(shuld+) 动词原形”]。
It is necessary that we shuld take measures t prtect the envirnment. 我们采取措施保护环境是必要的。
It is+过去分词+that/whether 从句
It is said(reprted, decided, believed...) that...
It is unknwn whether...
It is believed that hard wrk will pay ff. 人们相信, 付出总有回报。
It is unknwn whether the medicine wrks. 这药是否有效还是未知的。
It+不及物动词+that 从句
It seems (happened, desn’t matter...) that...
It happened that I went t visit my first teacher that day. 碰巧那天我去拜访我的启蒙老师。
It+及物动词+宾语+that从句
It surprised (wrried, disappinted...) sb. that...
It surprised him that they came t visit him suddenly. 让他吃惊的是, 他们突然来看他。
It wrried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在变白, 这让她有点担心。
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