英语选择性必修 第二册Unit 6 Survival精品测试题

选择性必修第二册练习

Unit 6 Survival

Using language

Ⅰ.单句填空

1.He returned to his hometown as soon as the pandemic 　　　　　(break) out. 

2.　　　　　(inform) of a number of food safety cases,consumers become more careful in ordering meals. 

3.How do people 　　　　　(react) to the news that the girl wins the gold medal in the Olympic Games? 

4.The future of human life depends on how we 　　　　　(respond) to the risks of climate change. 

5.Always get rid 　　　　　your bad habit whenever it’s possible. 

6.To make matters worse,Moth 　　　　　(diagnose)with a serious disease. 

7.I I would invite her 　　　　　(take) part in the party if she was free. 

Ⅱ.短语填空

be determined to;respond to;cope with;prevent from;be crowded with;react to

1.I 　　　　　　　　　　take part in the Speech Contest when I got the notice. 

2.Though I was tired out that evening,I 　　　　　　　　　　falling asleep by the great pain in my foot. 

3.Many youngsters felt their friendships could be at risk if they 　　　　　　　　　　social media posts quickly. 

4.We wonder how he 　　　　　　　　　　the shocking news at that time. 

5.The stadium 　　　　　　　　　　fans from around the world. 

6.He found it difficult 　　　　　　　　　　the problems when he entered the university. 

Ⅲ.完成句子

1.在某种程度上,我们可以将造纸术和印刷术的发明与20世纪早期互联网的引入相媲美。

In a way,we can compare the invention of paper and printing with the introduction of the Internet 　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

2.有一些健康问题,如果不及时治疗,以后会酿成大问题。

There are some health problems that,if not 　　　　　　,can become bigger ones later on. 

3.这名球员接受了两年的治疗,他很有可能在下一场比赛中及时从伤病中恢复过来。

The player was under 　　　　　　　　　　and the chances are that he will recover from his injury in time for the next race. 

4.为了以后有个更好的家园,应该控制人口增长。

The growth of population should 　　　　　　　　　　　　so that we’ll have a better hometown in the future. 

5.这是这位年轻的歌手自成名以来第一次在他的家乡表演。

 This is the first time that the young singer has performed in his hometown since his 　　　　　fame. 

IV.阅读理解 

A

A recent study published in the journal Science Advances has revealed that the United States ranks as high as third among countries contributing to coastal plastic pollution. The new research challenges the once-held assumption that the US is adequately "managing" its plastic waste. A previous study using 2010 data that did not account for plastic waste exports had ranked the US 20th, globally, in its contribution to ocean plastic pollution.

Using plastic waste generation (产生) data from 2016 — the latest available global numbers — scientists calculated that more than half of all plastics collected for recycling (1.99 million tons of 3.91 million tons collected) in the US were shipped abroad. Of this, 88% of exports went to countries struggling to effectively manage plastics; and between 15-25% was low-value or contaminated (受污染的). It means it was unrecyclable. Taking these factors into account, the researchers estimated that up to 1 million tons of US-generated plastic waste ended up polluting the environment beyond its own borders.

Using 2016 data, the paper also estimated that between 0.91 and 1.25 million tons of plastic waste generated in the US was either littered or illegally dumped into the environment domestically. Combined with waste exports, this means the US contributed up to 2.25 million tons of plastics into the environment. Of this, up to 1.5 million tons of plastics ended up in coastal environments. This ranks the US as high as third globally in contributing to coastal plastic pollution.

"The US generates the most plastic waste of any other country in the world, but rather than looking the problem in the eye, we have outsourced it to developing countries," said Nick Mallos, senior director of Ocean Conservancy's Trash Free Seas program and a co-author of the study. "The solution has to start at home. We need to create less, by cutting out unnecessary single-use plastics; we need to create better, by developing innovative new ways to package and deliver goods; and where plastics are inevitable, we need to greatly improve our recycling rates."

 "Previous research has provided global values for plastic input into the environment and coastal areas, but detailed analyses like this one are important for individual countries to further assess their contributions," said Dr. Jenna Jambeck, Distinguished Professor at the University of Georgia's College of Engineering and a co-author of the study. "In the case of the United States, it is critically important that we examine our own backyard and take responsibility for our global plastic footprint."

1.Compared with the previous study, the new one _____.           

A.covers data more comprehensively

B.excludes plastic waste shipped abroad

C.is contrary to the latest global numbers

D.challenges the recycling way of plastics

2.According to 2016 data, what can be learned about the plastic waste generated in the US?           

A.Over half of it ended up polluting the environment outside the US.

B.Most of its exported plastic waste wasn't worth recycling.

C.Less than half of it was actually recycled domestically.

D.More of it is littered or illegally dumped than exported.

3.It is implied by Nick Mallos that _____.           

A.plastic pollution in developing countries is more serious

B.US has been irresponsible in dealing with its plastic waste

C.US should cooperate with others to handle its plastic waste

D.innovative means are needed to eliminate single-use plastics

4.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?           

A.Plastic Pollution Great Risk to Marine Life

B.US Top Contributor to Coastal Plastic Pollution

C.Plastic Waste Major Source of Coastal Pollution

D.Recycling Effective Way to Address Plastic Waste

B

17-year-old Dasia Taylor was named one of 40 finalists in the Regeneron Science Talent Search (STS), the nation's most famous Science and math competition for high school seniors.

Dasia's sutures (缝合线) work by changing color if the patients' pH level changes, indicating an infection. pH is one of the most common parts of wound healing, Dasia said. It changes very quickly, so it's one of the fastest ways to recognize infection.

So, she started experimenting with root vegetables. "I found that beet changed color at the perfect pH point," says Taylor. "That's perfect for an infected wound. And so, I was like, 'Oh, okay. So beet is where it's at'." Beet provided the perfect dye for her invention, changing from bright red to dark purple when a surgical wound becomes infected. After more than a year of research, Taylor is working on getting her sutures patented.

She imagines these sutures being used in developing countries where they can save lives and money. "The goal of my project is to reduce the number of deadly surgical site infections in developing countries because developing countries suffer from the most number of deaths due to surgical site infections," she said. "I was like there is no way that that should be happening. The equity part of my brain and all the work that I do around equity was like 'That shouldn't be happening. They should have the resources to save their citizens in their country.' So, my goal is to work on that and make sure that it can actually discover those types of infections and stuff." After graduation, Dasia hopes to attend Howard University, study political science and finally become a lawyer.

1.How can a patient quickly know if a wound is infected?           

A.By observing the pH test paper.

B.Through the doctors' examination.

C.By looking at sutures' color changing.

D.By observing how the wound changes.

2.What did Dasia discover in her experiment?           

A.Beet has the same pH level.

B.Beet can change color at different times.

C.Beet therapy is good for wound healing.

D.Beet can be used to help her with the invention.

3.What can we learn about Dasia?           

A.She has won the invention patent.

B.She became the winner of the Regeneron STS.

C.She made contributions to surgical infection recognition.

D.She helped save lots of lives and money in developing countries.

4.What will Dasia's future career probably involve?           

A.Medical and health work.

B.Medical device development.   

C.Something about the legal aid.

D.Medical and science research.

C

Vegetarian foods are not equally healthy according to a new research at ESC Congress 2020. Dr. Matina said, "This finding was more clear in women. A recent research has shown that women tend to eat more plant-based foods and less animal-based products than men. But our study suggests this does not ensure healthier food choices and in turn better health condition.

Most studies see plant-based diets simply as "vegetarian" or "low in meat", thus treating all plant foods as equal. However, this study examined the type of plant-based foods eaten, in addition to the overall amount. Healthy plant-based products were made up of fruits, vegetables and coffee while unhealthy plant-based products included juices, potatoes and any kind of sweets.

The study examined the link between the quantity (数量) and quality ofplant-based foods and heart health over a 10-year period. In 2011, the study selected 146 fat adults living in Athens with normal blood pressure and blood sugar. Diet was studied using a questionnaire about usual habits in the year. It listed 156 foods and drinks commonly had in Greece. Within ten years, nearly half of these fat participants developed high blood pressure and high blood sugar, though most of them preferred plant-based foods. The rest who ate quality plant- based foods, however, didn't have these health problems.

Regarding (关于) the quality of plant-based foods, healthier choices were linked with keeping normal blood pressure and blood sugar. On the contrary, eating unhealthy plant-based foods was connected with developing high blood pressure and high blood sugar. These relationships were stronger in women compared to men.

1.What did Dr. Matina say about the study?           

A.Vegetarian foods are unhealthy.

B.Men tend to choose healthier foods.

C.Not all plant-based foods can keep you fit.

D.Women tend to eat less plant-based foods.

2.What do we know about the participants (参与者) in this study?           

A.Most of them living in Greece ate fatty foods.

B.They all had low blood pressure and blood sugar.

C.About half of them made healthier food choices.

D.Men were more likely to become worse in health condition.

3.What is the result of eating quality plant-based foods?           

A.It can help keep good health.

B.It has nothing to do with health.

C.It only benefits women's health.

D.It can make women stronger than men.

4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?           

A.A Balanced Diet Is Good for Your Health

B.Are All Vegetarian Diets Healthy?

C.Plant-based Foods or Animal-based Products?

D.The More Vegetarian Foods You Eat, the Healthier You Are

V. 任务型阅读

A powerful magnitude 7. 1 temblor rocked Southern California at 8:19 PT on July 5, 2019, just 34 hours after a magnitude 6. 4 earthquake hit the same area. This latest event was widely felt. 41.      Aftershocks are expected to continue. 

Earthquakes are also called temblors. 42.      It's hard to imagine they happen by the thousands every day around the world, usually in the form of small tremors. Some 80% of all the planet' s earthquakes happen along the rim (边缘) of the Pacific Ocean. 43.      That is because of a lot of volcanic activity there, as well. 

Scientists give a magnitude rating to earthquakes based on the strength and duration of their seismic (地震的) waves. A magnitude of 3 to 4. 9 is considered minor or light; 5 to 6. 9 is moderate (中等的) to strong; 7 to 7. 9 is major; and 8 or more is great. 

44.      Some 10, 000 people die in earthquakes every year. Earthquakes may also lead to other natural disasters. Smaller temblors that usually happen in the days following a large earthquake can cause further death and damage. 45.      

A. It is called the "Ring of Fire". 

B. They can cause huge damage. 

C. Protect yourself as quickly as possible. 

D. In fact, a magnitude 8 quake strikes somewhere every year. 

E. Loss of life can be avoided through planning and education. 

F. One important way is to try to make your home as safe as possible. 

G. It caused several fires and damage to buildings and roads in Ridgecrest and nearby. 

VI.完形填空，阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 

TrackersonIce

Just because a scientist puts a GPS tracking collar on a wild polar bear does not mean the animal will obligingly keep it on.    71   , these huge collars are purposefully loose. If one becomes annoying, a bear can    72    it. But scientists have now found a way to use    73    from the discarded(丢弃的)devices.

"These dropped collars   74    would have been considered garbage data," says Natasha Klappstein, a polar bear researcher at the University of Alberta. She and her colleagues instead used    75    from such collars, left on sea ice in Canada's Hudson Bay, to track the ice itself. For their study, published in June in The Cryosphere, the researchers identified twenty collars that transmitted movement data in line with ice drift rather than polar bear    76    between 2005 and 2015. The resulting records of how melting ice typically drifts in Hudson Bay are unique. There are no easily    77    on-the-ground sensors, and satellite observations often cannot accurately capture the motion of small ice sheets.

The team   78    the discarded collars' movements with widely used ice-drift modeling data from the U. S. National Snow and Ice Data Center(NSIDC). Collar data indicated that the NSIDC model underestimates the speed at which ice moves around in Hudson Bay-as well as the overall    79    of drift. Over the course of several months, the model could drift away from an ice sheet's location by a few hundred kilometers, the researchers say.

This means the bears may be working harder, when moving against the direction of the ice, than scientists had   80   : "Since we're underestimating the speed of drift, we're likely underestimating the energetic effort of polar bears, "says Natasha Klappstein. The research reveals    81    insight into how highly mobile ice moves. As melting increases in the coming years, such ice will likely become more    82    farther north, in the central Artic. Scientists had known NSIDC data could underestimate drift speeds, but "any time we can find a data    83   , it is a good thing."

Plus, such data could improve predictions about how oil spills or other pollutants may   84    in seas, littered with drifting ice, says Walt Meier, a senior NSIDC research scientist, who was not involved in the study. The findings may even    85    future NSIDC models: "It's a really nice data set, "Meier says. "And certainly one we'll take under consideration. "

VII. 语法填空

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 

New research says that exposing to the smell of junk food for at least two minutes can actually help you make111.      (healthy) food choices.

The results of a series of experiments, including field112.      (study) at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria， show that extended exposure to junk food smell113.      (lead) to lower purchases of unhealthy foods114.      (compare) with healthy smell. The brain doesn't necessarily distinguish115.      a pleasurable smell and taste. That is116.      long exposure to junk food smell can be as satisfactory as actually having it in your mouth,117.      in turn decreases the desire for consumption of junk food.

However, it's not the same case with smell of healthy food. When the exposure to smell of healthy food118.      (examine), food choices were not119.      (profound) influenced. The reason for this is that healthy food is not connected with reward in our brain and therefore has little influence on120.      we desire.

答案解析

I

1. broke
2. Informed
3. react
4. respond
5. of
6. was diagnosed
7. to take

II

1．was determined to

2．was prevented from

3．did not respond to

4．reacted to

5．was crowded with

6．to cope with

III

1. early in the 20th century
2. treated in time
3. two-year treatment
4. be brought under control
5. rise to

IV

【答案】    ACBB

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了最近发表在《科学进展》杂志上的一项研究表明，在造成沿海塑料污染的国家中，美国排名第三，并对相关情况进行介绍。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

1.考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A previous study using 2010 data that did not account for plastic waste exports had ranked the US 20th, globally, in its contribution to ocean plastic pollution.”此前的一项研究使用了2010年的数据，但未考虑塑料垃圾出口，将美国对海洋塑料污染的贡献排在全球第20位。可推出，比起先前的研究，新的研究数据更加全面，故选A。

2.考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Using plastic waste generation (产生) data from 2016 — the latest available global numbers — scientists calculated that more than half of all plastics collected for recycling (1.99 million tons of 3.91 million tons collected) in the US were shipped abroad.”利用2016年的塑料垃圾产生数据(全球可获得的最新数据)，科学家们计算出，在美国收集的用于回收的塑料中，有一半以上(391万吨中有199万吨)被运往海外。可推知，只有不到一半的垃圾在国内被回收。故选C。

3.考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“‘The US generates the most plastic waste of any other country in the world, but rather than looking the problem in the eye, we have outsourced it to developing countries,’ said Nick Mallos”海洋保护协会无垃圾海洋项目高级主任、该研究报告的合著者尼克•马洛斯说:“美国产生的塑料垃圾比世界上任何其他国家都多，但我们没有正视这个问题，而是把它外包给了发展中国家。”可推知，美国在处理塑料垃圾方面一直很不负责任。故选B。

4.考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“A recent study published in the journal Science Advances has revealed that the United States ranks as high as third among countries contributing to coastal plastic pollution.”最近发表在《科学进展》杂志上的一项研究表明，在造成沿海塑料污染的国家中，美国排名第三； 以及最后一段中的“In the case of the United States, it is critically important that we examine our own backyard and take responsibility for our global plastic footprint.”就美国而言，至关重要的是我们要检查自己的后院，并对我们的全球塑料足迹负责。可知本文是在介绍美国是沿海塑料垃圾头号罪魁祸首，“美国沿海塑料污染的头号贡献者”为最合适的标题。故选B。

B

【答案】   CDCC

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了17岁的高中生泰勒Dasia发现通过观察缝线颜色的变化，很快就可以知道病人伤口是否感染，为外科感染识别做出了贡献。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

1.考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Dasia’s sutures (缝合线) work by changing color if the patients’ pH level changes, indicating an infection.”如果患者的pH值发生变化，达西娅的缝合线就会改变颜色，表明感染。可知通过观察缝线颜色的变化病人很快就知道伤口是否感染了。故选C。

2.考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ Beet provided the perfect dye for her invention, changing from bright red to dark purple when a surgical wound becomes infected. ”甜菜为她的发明提供了完美的染料，当手术伤口感染时，甜菜会从亮红色变成深紫色。可知达西娅在实验中发现甜菜可以帮助她完成这项发明。故选D。

3.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“The goal of my project is to reduce the number of deadly surgical site infections in developing countries because developing countries suffer from the most number of deaths due to surgical site infections.”我这个项目的目标是减少发展中国家致命手术部位感染的数量，因为发展中国家因手术部位感染而死亡的人数最多；以及“They should have the resources to save their citizens in their country.’ So, my goal is to work on that and make sure that it can actually discover those types of infections and stuff.”他们应该有资源来拯救自己国家的公民。所以，我的目标是研究它，确保它可以发现这些类型的感染和东西。可知达西娅为外科感染识别做出了贡献。故选C。

4.考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“After graduation, Dasia hopes to attend Howard University, study political science and finally become a lawyer.”毕业后，Dasia希望进入霍华德大学学习政治学，最终成为一名律师。可知达西娅未来的职业生涯可能会涉及法律援助。故选C。

C【答案】 CCAB

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究表明不是所有的素食都是健康的。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

1.考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“A recent research has shown that women tend to eat more plant-based foods and less animal-based products than men. But our study suggests this does not ensure healthier food choices and in turn better health condition.”最近的一项研究表明，与男性相比，女性倾向于吃更多的植物性食品，而更少的动物性产品。但我们的硏究表明，这并不能确保人们选择更健康的食物，从而获得更好的健康状况。可知，并不是所有的植物性食物都能让你保持健康。故选C。

2.考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Within ten years, nearly half of these fat participants developed high blood pressure and high blood sugar, though most of them preferred plant-based foods.”在10年内，这些肥胖参与者中有近一半患上了高血压和高血糖，尽管他们中的大多数人更喜欢植物性食物。可知，这项研究的参与者其中大约一半的人选择了更健康的食物。故选C。

3.考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“Regarding the quality of plant-based foods, healthier choices were linked with keeping normal blood pressure and blood sugar.”关于植物性食品的质量，健康的选择与保持正常的血压和血糖有关。可知，吃高质量的植物性食物可以帮助保持健康。故选A。

4.考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Vegetarian foods are not equally healthy, according to a new research at ESC Congress2020.”根据ESC 2020大会上的一项新研究，素食并不同样健康。及全文内容可知，研究表明，不是所有的素食都是健康的。“所有的素食都是健康的吗？”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B。

V

【答案】     G；B；A；D；E

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，以2019年发生在加利福尼亚州的地震为例介绍了地震的相关知识。

 【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇生活类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。

VI 【答案】     71.A；72.B；73.D；74.D；75.C；76.D；77.C；78.B；79.A；80.D；81.D；82.C；83.A；84.B；85.C；

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了废弃的追踪项圈可用于追踪冰层移动，并对未来的NSIDC模型可能产生一定的影响。

【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，副词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。

71.句意：事实上，这些巨大的项圈是故意松松的。A： In fact“事实上”；B： In a way“在某种程度上”；C：In addition“另外”；D： In the end“最后”。根据下文“these huge collars are purposefully loose．”可知，这些巨大的项圈是故意松松的。这是个事实。故选A。

72.句意：如果项圈变得烦人，熊可以把它移除。A：destroy“破坏”；B：remove“移除”；C：resist“抵抗”；D：reject “拒绝”。根据上文“   1     , these huge collars are purposefully loose．”可知，追踪项圈的设计很容易被拿下来。故选B。

73.句意：但科学家们现在已经找到了一种利用废弃设备发出的信号的方法。A：scratches“抓痕”；B：senses“感官”；C：samples“样本”；D：signals “信号”。根据上文“Just because a scientist puts a GPS tracking collar on a wild polar bear does not mean the animal will obligingly keep it on．”可知，项圈是可以发送信号的。故选D。

74.句意：“这些掉下来的项圈可能会被认为是垃圾数据，”University of Alberta的北极熊研究员Natasha Klappstein说。A：particularly“特别”；B：relevantly“有关联地”；C：intentionally“有意地”；D：potentially “可能地”。根据上文“But scientists have now found a way to use    3      from the discarded（丢弃的）devices．”可推测，这些掉下来的项圈可能会被认为是垃圾数据。故选D。

75.句意：她和她的同事们转而使用这些项圈的测量数据，这些项圈被留在加拿大哈德逊湾的海冰上，用来追踪冰。A：estimates“估价”；B：subjects“科目”；C：measurements“测量”；D：patents “专利”。根据下文“For their study, published in June in The Cryosphere, the researchers identified twenty collars that transmitted movement data in line with ice drift rather than polar bear    6     between 2005 and 2015．”可知，实验组通过项圈的测量，发现冰层的漂移状况。所以她和她的同事们转而使用这些项圈的测量数据。故选C。

76.句意：在6月发表在《冰冻圈》(The Cryosphere)杂志上的研究中，研究人员发现了20个项圈，它们在2005年至2015年间传输的运动数据与冰层漂移一致，而不是与北极熊运动一致。A：behavior“行为”；B：habitat“栖息地”；C：manner“举止”；D：motion “运动”。根据空前“transmitted movement data”可知，它们在2005年至2015年间传输的运动数据与冰层漂移一致，而不是与北极熊运动一致。故选D。

77.句意：没有可使用的地面传感器，卫星观测往往不能准确捕捉小冰原的运动。A：flexible“灵活的”；B：favorable“喜爱的”；C：accessible“可使用的”；D：changeable “易变的”。根据空后“satellite observations often cannot accurately capture the motion of small ice sheets”可知，卫星不能准确捕捉冰原运动与没有易得到的地面传感器有关。故选C。

78.句意：研究小组将废弃项圈的运动与美国冰雪数据中心(NSIDC)广泛使用的冰层漂移建模数据进行了比较。A：overloaded“使超载”；B：compared“比较”；C：exchanged“交换”；D：traced “追踪”。根据下文“Collar data indicated that the NSIDC model underestimates the speed at which ice moves around in Hudson Bay-as well as the overall   9     of drift．”可知，研究小组将NSIDC模型于废弃项圈运动进行了比较。故选B。

79.句意：项圈数据表明，NSIDC模型低估了哈德逊湾冰的移动速度以及漂流的总体范围。A：extent“范围”；B：damage“损害”；C：trend“趋势”；D：limit “限制”。根据下文“Over the course of several months, the model could drift away from an ice sheet's location by a few hundred kilometers, the researchers say．”可知，哈德逊湾冰漂流的范围很广，所以NSIDC模型低估了哈德逊湾冰的移动速度以及漂流的总体范围。故选A。

80.句意：这意味着北极熊在向冰面移动时可能比科学家们想象的更努力：“由于我们低估了漂移的速度，我们很可能低估了北极熊的能量，”娜塔莎•克拉普斯坦说。A：agreed“同意”；B：promised“保证”；C：proved“证明”；D：assumed “设想”。根据空后“we're likely underestimating the energetic effort of polar bears”可知，这意味着北极熊在向冰面移动时可能比科学家们想象的更努力。故选D。

81.句意：这项研究及时揭示了冰的移动速度。A：valueless“无价值的”；B：superior“上层的”；C：entire“全部的”；D：timely “及时的”。根据下文“any time we can find a data    13     , it is a good thing．”可知，这项研究及时揭示了冰的移动速度。故选D。

82.句意：随着未来几年融化的增加，这样的冰可能会在更北的北极中部变得更加常见。A：evident“明白的”；B：unique“独特的”；C：common“常见的”；D：realistic “现实的”。根据上文“The resulting records of how melting ice typically drifts in Hudson Bay are unique．”可知，废弃项圈的数据是针对融化冰的运动，未来融化冰增多有类似数据的冰漂移也更常见。故选C。

83.句意：科学家们知道NSIDC的数据可能会低估漂移速度，但“任何时候我们都可以发现数据缺口，这是一件好事。”A：gap“缺口”；B：scan“扫描”；C：boom“繁荣”；D：fit “适合”。根据上文“Collar data indicated that the NSIDC model underestimates the speed at which ice moves around in Hudson Bay-as well as the overall   9      of drift．”可知，科学家们发现了NSIDC模型与实际的数据差距，发现了数据的缺口。故选A。

84.句意：此外，这些数据可以改善对石油泄漏或其他污染物如何在海洋中扩散的预测。A：rise“上升”；B：spread“扩散”；C：recover“恢复”；D：settle “解决”。根据空前“how oil spills”可知，这些数据可以改善对于污染物在海洋中的扩散情况。故选B。

85.句意：这些发现甚至可能影响未来的NSIDC模型:“这是一个非常好的数据集，”迈耶说。“而且我们肯定会考虑的。”A：reverse“逆转”；B：resemble“像”；C：influence“影响”；D：motivate“激发兴趣”。根据下文“And certainly one we'll take under consideration．”可推测，废弃项圈的数据对NSIDC可能会产生影响。故选C。

VII

【答案】 healthier；studies；leads；compared；between；why；which；was examined；profoundly；what  

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项研究表明，暴露在垃圾食品的气味中至少两分钟可以降低购买垃圾食品的欲望。

 【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及形容词，名词，时态，主谓一致，非谓语动词，介词，表语从句，定语从句，语态，副词，宾语从句以及固定搭配等多个知识点的考查，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。

111.句意：新的研究表明，暴露在垃圾食品的气味中至少两分钟，实际上可以帮你选择更健康的食物。结合语境可知，此处暗含比较之意，应用形容词比较级，故填healthier。

112.句意：一系列实验的结果，包括在一家超市和一所中学的餐厅进行的实地研究表明与健康气味相比，长期暴露在垃圾食品气味中会导致较少的不健康食品购买量。study“研究”是可数名词，根据“at a supermarket and at a middle school cafeteria”可知，此处不止一个研究，应用复数形式。故填studies。

113.句意：一系列实验的结果，包括在一家超市和一所中学的餐厅进行的实地研究表明与健康气味相比，长期暴露在垃圾食品气味中会导致较少的不健康食品购买量。空处是that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词，结合主句谓语动词show可知，从句也用一般现在时，从句主语exposure是不可数名词，从句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填leads。

114.句意：一系列实验的结果，包括在一家超市和一所中学的餐厅进行的实地研究表明与健康气味相比，长期暴露在垃圾食品气味中会导致较少的不健康食品购买量。分析句子可知，空处应用非谓语形式，动词compare与逻辑主语exposure to junk food smell之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语。故填compared。

115.句意：大脑不一定能区分令人愉悦的气味和味道。结合“a pleasurable smell and taste”可知，此处指区分两者，between…and…，固定短语，“在.......之间”，故填between。

116.句意：这就是为什么长时间暴露在垃圾食品的气味中就像它实际上在你的嘴里一样令人满意，这反过来降低垃圾食品的消费欲望。空处引导一个表语从句，从句结构完整，结合句意可知，此处指“为什么”，应用连接副词why。故填why。

117.句意：这就是为什么长时间暴露在垃圾食品的气味中就像它实际上在你的嘴里一样令人满意，这反过来降低垃圾食品的消费欲望。空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是空前整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用which引导，故填which。

118.句意：当检测暴露在健康食品中的气味时，食物选择没有受到很大影响。主语exposure和谓语动词examine之间是被动关系，且由主句中were可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，从句主语exposure是不可数名词，故填was examined。

119.句意：当检测暴露在健康食品中的气味时，食物选择没有受到很大影响。此处修饰动词influenced，应用副词形式。故填profoundly。

120.句意：其原因是，健康的食物与我们大脑中的奖赏没有联系，因此对我们渴望的东西几乎没有影响。空处引导一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，指“我们渴望的东西”，应用what引导。故填what。