小升初英语语法专项讲解+练习学案：形容词和副词（含答案）

小升初语言知识运用

形容词语副词

一、形容词及其用法

1.形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，一般在句子里作定语和表语。

（1）作定语放在被修饰的名词前面，这类形容词有级的变化，可以用程度副词修 饰，例如: nice， clean， good 等。

（2）作表语放在连系动词后面，表示状态。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用 程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如: afraid 害怕的，alone 单独的，well（身体）好的，ill病的，alive活着的，asleep睡着的，awake醒着的等，请对比:

He is an ill man.   （×）

The man is ill.   （√）

She is an afraid girl.   （×）

The girl is afraid.   （√）

2. 形容词的用法

（1）形容词的位置

①形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前面，例如:

a big park 一个大公园    the beautiful flowers 美丽的花朵

②形容词修饰不定代词时，要放在不定代词的后面，例如:

I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你。

Is there anything new? 有什么新鲜事吗?

③连系动词后要加形容词，例如:

It became cloudy in the afternoon. 下午开始变得多云了。

The girl looks happy. 这个女孩看起来很高兴。

That sounds great. 听起来很棒。

连系动词包括: be, look, feel, taste, smell, sound, become, go, get, turn, grow 等。

典型例题

选词填空:

(1)  Her singing was _________ (love, lovely).

(2) He spoke to me in a very _________ (friend, friendly) way.

正确答案  (1) lovely  (2) friendly

解题思路 有些词尾带 - ly的单词是形容词, 例如: friendly, lovely, lonely, lively, ugly;有些以 - ly

结尾的单词既为形容词, 也为副词, 例如: daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early 等。再如:

Time is a weekly paper. 《时代周刊》为周刊。(形容词)

Time is published weekly. 《时代周刊》每周发行一期。(副词)

（2）多个形容词修饰名词的排列顺序

多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为:限定词（冠词/所有格/人称代词/指示代词等）一数量词一性质一

尺寸一形状一新旧/年龄一颜色一出处（国籍）一材料一用途一名词。例如:

a small round table 一张小圆桌

a dirty old brown shirt 一件又脏又旧的棕色衬衫

an expensive Japanese sports car 一辆昂贵的日本跑车

典型例题

(1)  (　　　)There is _________ bridge behind the palace.

A. an old Chinese stone    B. a Chinese old stone

C. an old stone Chinese    D. a Chinese stone old

正确答案 A

解题思路 几个形容词修饰一个名词，它们的排列顺序是:限定词（冠词/所有 格/人称代词/指示代词等）一数量词一性质一尺寸一形状一新旧/年龄一颜色一出处 （国籍）一材料一用途一名词，因此“an（冠词）old（新旧）Chinese（出处）stone（材 料）”是对的。

(2)  (　　　) -- How was your visit to Qingdao?

           -- It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the _________ days at the seaside.

A. few last sunny     B. last few sunny

C. last sunny few     D. few sunny last

正确答案 B

解题思路 本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰名词关系密切的形 容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在 后，并参照:限定词（冠词/所有格/人称代词/指示代词等）一数量词一性质一尺寸一 形状一新旧/年龄一颜色一出处（国籍）一材料一用途一名词，如 those + three + beautiful + large  +  square  +  old  +  brown  +  wood  +  tables。

（3）用形容词表示类别和整体

①某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，例如: the rich 富人， the poor 穷人， the blind 盲人等，再如:

The poor are losing hope. 穷人将失去希望。

②有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体, 与动词的复数连 用, 例如: the British, the English, the French, the Chinese 等, 再如:

The English have a wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。

二、副词及其基本用法

1.副词的用法

副词在句子中表示时间、地点、程度、方式等行为或状态特征。副词主要用来修 饰动词、形容

词、副词或其他结构，例如:

He went slowly to the window. 他慢慢地走到窗口。

My sister can dance well. 我妹妹跳舞跳得好。

2.多个副词或副词短语作状语时的排列顺序

一般的顺序为:状态/程度 + 地点 + 方式 + 频率 + 时间，例如:

My father goes to work by car every day. 我爸爸每天开车去上班。

It rained heavily last night. 昨夜雨下得很大。

三、形容词、副词的比较级和最高级

大多数形容词和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来 表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词或副词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和 不规则变化两种，详见下表:

1.比较级和最高级的规则变化

2.比较级和最高级形式的不规则变化

典型例题

(1) -- Are you feeling _________ ?

  -- Yes, I'm fine now.

A. bad   B. better   C. good

正确答案B

解题思路 题目的意思是“你感觉好点了吗?”有比较的含义，所以应选well的比较级 better。

(2) Your new watch is _________ than mine.

A. more expensive   B. expensive   C. expensiver

正确答案 A

解题思路 expensive 是多音节词，比较级应在前面加 more，所以 A 是对的。

练习

一、按要求写单词。

（1）写出下列形容词或副词的反义词。

001. here _________   002. big _________    003. long _________

004. rough _________   005. hard _________   006. tall _________

007. thin _________   008. inside _________   009. put on _________

答案：1. there  2. small  3. dhort  4. smooth  5. soft  6. short  7. fat/thick  8. outside  9. take off 

（2）写出下列形容词的近义词。

010. fine _________   011. pretty _________   012. silly _________

013. small _________   014. tall _________    015. funny _________

016. difficult _________  017. friendly _________   018. dear （昂贵的） _________

答案：10. well  11. beautiful  12. stupid  13. little  14. high  15. interesting  16. hard  17. kind  18. expensive

（3）把下列名词改成形容词。

019. rain _________   020. snow _________   021. cloud _________ 

022. sun _________   023. wind _________   024. fog _________              

024. fog _________

答案：19.rainy  20. snowy  21. cloudy  22. sunny  23. windy  24. foggy 

（4）写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级。

025. small _________ _________   026. many _________ _________

027. thin _________ _________   028. busy _________ _________

029. good _________ _________   030. little _________ _________

031. happy _________ _________  032. interesting _________ _________

033. difficult _________ _________  034. beautiful _________ _________

答案：25. smaller  smallest  26. more  most  27. thinner  thinnest  28. busier  busiest  29. better  best  30. less  least  31. happier  happiest  32. more interesting  most interesting  33. more difficult  most difficult  34. more beautiful  most beautiful

二、汉译英。

035.一辆旧的小自行车 __________________

036.三把黑色的中国伞 __________________

037.两位美国老妇人 __________________

038.五只红的大苹果 __________________

039.十顶蓝色的新帽子 __________________

040.四只绿色的漂亮的铅笔盒 __________________

041.六本日本的新连环画 __________________

042.两个红色的大的旧包 __________________

043.一位最好的医生 __________________

044.一幢高的新大楼 __________________

答案：35. a small old bicycle  36. three black Chinese umbrella  37. two old American women  38. five big red apples  39. ten new blue hats  40. four nice green pencil-boxes  41. six new Japanese picture books  42. two big old red bags  43. one best doctor  44. a high new building

三、仿照例子，根据题意，在横线上填入适当的形容词。

例如: The white hat is 25 yuan, and the _________ one is 20 yuan. 填入: black。

045. Is Kevin thin or _________ ?

046. Do you want the big ones or the _________ ones?

047. I'm not _________ this weekend. I'm very busy.

048. This bicycle is not cheap. It's _________.

049. This knife is blunt. I need a _________ one.

050. The crocodile is not smooth. It's _________.

051. The seat is not hard. It's _________.

052. This maths problem is not hard for me. It's _________.

053. The weather in autumn is always dry. But it's _________ in spring.

054. Our classroom is clean. But theirs is _________.

答案：45. fat  46. small  47. free  48. expensive  49. sharp  50. rough  51. soft  52. easy  53. wet  54. dirty

四、用括号内单词的正确形式填空。

055. It is raining _________ (heavy) outside.

056. Look, Jenny is dancing. She dances _________ (good).

057. Try to do _________ (well) next time.

058. Jack is the _________ (tall) boy in his class.

059. Your idea sounds _________ (wonderfully).

060. Please write _________ (careful).

061. I can't see the words on the blackboard _________ (clear).

062. Peter is always _________ (friend) to me.

063. Our English teacher can speak English very _________ (fluent).

064. Tom ran home _________ (quick).

答案：

55. heavily  56. well  57. better  58. tallest  59. wonderful  60. carefully  61. clearly  62. friendly  63. fluently  64. quickly

五、将下列单词按正确顺序排列成带有形容词的名词短语。

065. new, brown, a, jacket ___________________________

066. old, wood, the, bed ___________________________

067. those, blue, hats, big ___________________________

067. those, blue, hats, big ___________________________

068. nice, many, red, Chinese, new, coats ___________________________

069. fine, two, earthen, dolls, little ___________________________

070. beautiful, Chinese, a, small, old, brown, writing, desk ___________________________

答案：65. a new brown jacket  66. the old wood bed  67. those big blue hats  68. many nice new red Chinese coats  69. two fine little earthen dolls  70. a beautiful small old brown Chinese writing desk

六、选择正确的答案。

(　　　)071. It's11: 00 p. m. now. My grandma is _________.

A. sleeps    B. sleep    C. asleep

(　　　)072. This is an _________ movie.

A. interest    B. interested   C. interesting

(　　　)073. Please keep the classroom _________.

A. clean    B. to clean   C. cleaning

(　　　)074. She is a(n) _________ girl. She has no friends.

A. alone    B. lonely    C. friendly

(　　　)075. We should take care of _________.

A. the weak   B. weak    C. weaker

(　　　)076. They are _________ to us. We like them.

A. friends    B. friendly   C. friendlier

(　　　)077. Tell me _________.

A. important something

B. something important

C. important

(　　　)078. Jim is _________ than Tim.

A. taller    B. the taller   C. the tallest

(　　　)079. Children are _________ in the _________ stories.

A. interested; interested

B. interesting; interesting

C. interested; interesting

(　　　)080. Do you think English is _________ important than maths?

A. very    B. more    C. much

(　　　)081. He watched TV _________.

A. last night at home

B. at home last night

C. at home now

(　　　)082. These flowers are _________ beautiful.

A. much    B. most    C. quite

(　　　)083. My mother _________ gets up at six.

A. usually    B. tomorrow   C. yesterday

(　　　)084. May is a _________ girl. She always leaves things here and there.

A. careful    B. careless   C. care

(　　　)085. Shanghai is one of _________ in the world.

A. most modern city

B. the most modern city

C. the most modern cities

答案：C  C  A  B  A  B  B  A  C  B  B  C  A  B  C

七、阅读短文，选择正确的答案。

It is a beautiful spring morning. There isn't a cloud in the sky, and the sun is warm but not too hot. Jack is surprised when he sees an old man at the bus stop with a big strong black umbrella in his hand.

Jack says to him, "Excuse me, is it going to rain today? "

"No, "says the old man. "I don't think so. "

"Then why are you carrying the umbrella? "

Jack looks at the umbrella again, and the old man says, "I am an old man, and my legs are not very strong, so I really need a walking stick. But when I carry a stick, people say, ‘Look at the poor man', and I don't like that. When I carry an umbrella in fine weather, people only say, ‘Look at that stupid man. '"

(　　　)086. It is a _________. The sun is shining.

A. fine day   B. fine    C. cloudy day

(　　　)087. The man is not _________.

A. old    B. young    C. tall

(　　　)088. The umbrella is _________.

A. old    B. new    C. strong

(　　　)089. The weather is very _________.

A. hot    B. cold    C. warm

(　　　)090. Jack feels _________ when he sees the old man with an umbrella in his hand.

A. surprising   B. surprised   C. happy

答案：A  B  C  C  B

八、根据首字母写出相关的形容词。

Class is over. The students are very h_________ (091). Look, the girl with 1_________(092) hair is drawing a n_________ (093) picture in the c_________ (094) classroom. And another girl with s_________ (095) hair is reading an i_________ (096) book. In the b _________ (097) playground, you can see some boys in b_________ (098) playing yo-yo. And there is a f_________ (099) boy skipping between two t_________ (100) trees. He wants to lose weight.

答案：91. happy  92. long  93. nice  94. clean  95. short  96. interesting  97. big  98. black / blue  99. fat  100. tall