小升初英语语法专项讲解+练习学案：动词（含答案）

小升初语言知识运用

动词

一、动词的种类

动词根据其在构成动词词组中所起的作用分为实义动词和助动词。

实义动词构成动词词组的基本意义，可分为及物动词、不及物动词和连系动词。

助动词协助实义动词构成动词词组，表示不同的语法意义和情态意义，主要分为基本助动词（如: be，do，will等）和情态动词（如:can，may，must，should，need 等）。

二、实义动词

1.及物动词和不及物动词

（1）及物动词后面必须跟宾语，例如:

He is reading a newspaper. 他在看报纸。

She gave me a box of candies. 她给我一盒糖果。

（2）不及物动词不带宾语，例如:

The winter holidays are coming. 寒假即将来临了。

It is raining outside. 外面在下雨。

(3)有些动词既可以作及物动词, 又可以作不及物动词, 例如: read, sing, begin, eat, drink, know, help, try 等。例如:

Class begins at eight o'clock. 八点开始上课。(不及物动词)

 Let's begin our class. 我们开始上课吧。(及物动词)

2.连系动词

连系动词后面必须接表语（常为名词和形容词）。

（1）常用的连系动词有b（是），become（变成），get（成为），go（变成），look（看 上去）， grow（逐渐变成）， seem（看上去）， turn（变成），例如:

Jenny is very happy. 珍妮很高兴。

He became famous. 他出名了。

Mike is getting taller. 迈克长高了。

Milk goes bad easily in summer. 夏天牛奶容易变质。

Jack looks sad. 杰克看上去很难过。

Her face turned red. 她的脸变红了。

（2）表示感觉和知觉的动词也可以作连系动词，例如:feel（感觉），taste（尝起来）， smell（闻起来）， sound（听起来）等。例如:

Norman doesn't feel well today. 诺曼今天感觉不舒服。

How does the lemon taste? 柠檬的味道怎么样?

The roast duck smells nice. 烤鸭闻起来很香.

That sounds good. 那听起来不错.

（2）有些动词既可以作连系动词，也可以表示具体动作，问如:

She looks angry. 她看上去很愤怒.

She looked angrily at us. 她愤怒地看着我们。

三、助动词

1. 基本助动词: be, do, will

（1）be(am, is, are): 作为助动词时, 主要用于构成动词的现在进行时, 例如:

He isn't watching TV in the sitting room. 他不在客厅里看电视。

They were playing football in the playground this time yesterday.

他们昨天这个时候在操场上踢足球。

（2）do: 常用于一般现在时或一般过去时的否定句和一般疑问句及其回答， 例如:

I don't like snakes. 我不喜欢蛇。

      -- Did you go to the cinema last weekend? 一你上周末去看电影了吗?

      -- Yes, I did.  -- 是的。

      -- Do you often do your homework before supper? 一你经常在晚饭前做作 业吗?

      -- Yes, I do.  -- 是的。

（3）will: 用于构成动词的一般将来时，例如:

They will go to the park tomorrow. 他们明天将去公园。

He'll take part in the English contest next week. 他下周将要参加一个英语 竞赛。

I'll go to Beijing this summer holidays. 今年暑假我将要去北京。

注意: 当主语是第一人称I或we时，也可用shall表示一般将来时。

典型例题

选择合适的助动词，并用其适当的形式填空。

(1)  It's nine o'clock in the morning. They _________ having an English lesson.

(2)  The girl _________ like bread for breakfast.

(3)  It's raining outside. We _________ go out and play.

正确答案 (1)are (2)doesn't (3)won't/shan't

解题思路 第一题是are having构成现在进行时；第二题是一般现在时的否定形式，the girl 是第三人称单数，所以用 doesn't:第三题的意思是“外面正在下雨，我们不出去玩。"应填 won't 或 shan't。

2.情态动词

情态动词的后面必须接动词原形构成谓语，表示能够、应该、需要、推测、意愿等 情态意义。一个情态动词往往有多种用法。

（1）can: 表示能力、可能、许可等意义，例如:

I can drive a car. 我会开车。（表示能力）

You can find him in the classroom. 你可以在教室里找到他。(表示可能)

Can I turn down the radio?我能把收音机音量调小点吗?（表示许可）

It can't be true. 这不可能是真的。（表示推测）

（2）may: 表示许可、可能等意义，例如:

May I sit here? 我可以坐这里吗? （表示许可）

He may help you. 他可能会帮助你。(表示可能)

（2）must: 表示必须、肯定的推测等意义, 例如:

We must keep the school rules at school. 我们必须要遵守学校的规章制度。（表示义务、必要）

You must be hungry. 你一定是饿了。(表示肯定的猜测语气)

You mustn't smoke here. 你不可以在这里抽烟。(表示不允许)

      -- Must I finish my homework now?  -- 我现在必须要完成作业吗?

      -- Yes, you must. /No, you needn't.  -- 是的, 必须。/不, 不必。

注意: Must …? 问句的否定回答是 needn't/don't need to/don't have to, 而不是 mustn't。

（4）need: 作为情态动词时，多用于否定句和疑问句，一般不用于肯定句，例如:

Need I make an appointment? 我需要预约吗?

You needn't worry about it. 你不必担心。

注意: Need …? 疑问句的肯定回答是用 must，否定回答是 needn't，例如:  

-- Need I hurry?  -- 我需要快点吗?

      -- Yes, you must. /No, you needn't. 一是的, 你必须快点。/不, 不需要。

典型例题

(1)  (　　　) -- _________ I do it now?   -- No, you _________.

A. Must; mustn't   B. Must; can't   C. Must; needn't

正确答案 C

解题思路 该题的意思是“我现在必须要做这件事吗?不，不必。” Must…?问句的否定回答是用 needn't。

(2)  (　　　) -- Need I learn how to cook?   -- _________.

A. Yes, you must.   B. No, you mustn't.  C. Yes, you need.

正确答案 A

解题思路 该题的意思是“我需要学烹饪吗?是的，必须学，” Need…?问句的肯定回答是用 must。

四、动词的形式

小学阶段学习的动词形式主要有四种，即:动词原形、动词的第三人称单数形式、动词的现在分词形式以及动词的过去式。

1. 动词的第三人称单数形式

（1）一般直接在动词词尾加 - s, 例如:

run - runs, play - plays, work - works等。

（2）以 - s,  - x,  - 0,  - sh,  - ch结尾的动词, 加es, 例如:

brush - brushes, go - goes, pass - passes, watch - watches 等。

（3）以辅音字母加 - y结尾的动词，变y为i再加 - es，例如:

fly - flies，study - studies 等。

（4）个别不规则变化单词，需要单独记忆，例如:have - has等。

2.动词现在分词（ - ing）的构成

（1）一般直接在动词的词尾加 - ing, 例如:

pick - picking, do - doing, sing -  singing 等。

（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词, 去e再加 - ing, 例如:

make - making, take - taking 等。

（3）末尾是重读闭音节, 且以单个辅音字母结尾的动词, 将词尾的辅音字母双 写, 再加 - ing, 例如:

dig - digging, swim - swimming, run - running, skip - skipping 等。

3.动词过去式的构成

（1）一般情况下, 直接在动词的词尾加 - ed, 例如:

play - played, clean - cleaned 等。

（2）以不发音的字母e结尾的动词直接加 - d, 例如:

hope - hoped, arrive - arrived 等。

（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加 - ed，例如:

cry - cried，study - studied 等。

（4）末尾是重读闭音节，且以单个辅音字母结尾的动词，将词尾的辅音字母双写, 再加 - ed, 例如: stop - stopped, mop - mopped 等。

（5）另有一些不规则变化需特别记忆，例如:

have - had，say - said等。

练习

一、照样子写出动词的三种形式。

例: walk    walks         walking       walked

001. use     _________       _________     _________

002. put    _________       _________     _________

003. cry   _________       _________     _________

004. play   _________       _________     _________

005. see   _________       _________     _________

006. give   _________       _________     _________

007. pick   _________       _________     _________

008. know   _________       _________     _________

009. have   _________       _________     _________

010. fly   _________       _________     _________

011. grow   _________       _________     _________

012. eat   _________       _________     _________

013. open   _________       _________     _________

014. make   _________       _________     _________

015. lay   _________       _________     _________

016. sit   _________       _________     _________

017. read  _________       _________     _________

018. hear   _________       _________     _________

019. enjoy   _________       _________     _________

020. say  _________       _________     _________

二、用be动词的适当形式填空。

021. This _________ Kitty's dog. It _________ black and white.

022. That _________ Tom's uncle. His name _________ John.

023. -- How _________ you?    -- I _________ fine, thank you.

024. We _________ going to the park this Saturday.

025. Those toys _________ for my cousin and sister.

026. _________ your Chinese teacher and English teacher tall?

027. Taste the lemon. It _________ sour.

028. The number of her students _________ sixteen.

029. -- How old _________ they?    -- They _________ ten years old.

030. Alice and Sue _________ good friends.

三、用助动词 do 或 will 的适当形式填空。

031. -- What _________ your sister _________ ?    -- She is a nurse.

032. -- Do you like to play football?     -- Yes. I _________.

033. Jim, _________ look out of the window in class.

034. Tomorrow is Sunday. We _________ have a picnic in the park.

035. -- _________ Tom and Tina often make fruit salad?  -- No, they _________.

036. I _________ my homework after supper last night.

037. _________ you play video games with your friend last weekend?

038. _________ your mother wash dishes after dinner every day?

039. -- What _________ you do this evening?   -- I _________ take a walk with my parents in the garden.

040. It _________ be rainy tomorrow.

四、用适当的情态动词填空。

041. A: I'm hungry. _________ I have some French fries?

B: No, you'd better have some bread. It's good for your health.

A: Thank you, mum.

042 - 043. A: _________ I finish the work before 11 o'clock?

B: Yes, you _________ . Hurry up, please.

A: OK, I will.

044 - 045. A: _________ your father dive in the river?

B: Yes, he _________ . He's a diver.

A: Wow, he's super.

046 - 047. Students _________ shout in class. And they _________ follow the school

rules.

048 - 050. A: _________ I clean my room now, Mum?

B: No, you _________ . You _________ do it later.

五、英汉互译。

051.在城堡里 ____________________________________

052. learn a lot about robots ____________________________________

053.来花园玩 ____________________________________

054. give him a surprise ____________________________________

055.感到既寒冷又伤心 ____________________________________

056. no one hurts ____________________________________

056. no one hurts ____________________________________

057.推倒城墙 ____________________________________

058. move the furniture ____________________________________

059.和我的朋友在网上聊天 ____________________________________

060. help plants grow ____________________________________

060. help plants grow ____________________________________

061.端午节 ____________________________________

062. be careful ____________________________________

063.品尝一下这个大橘子 ____________________________________

064. an interesting insect ____________________________________

065.在科技博物馆 ____________________________________

066. on Wednesday afternoon ____________________________________

066. on Wednesday afternoon ____________________________________

六、用所给动词适当形式填空。

067. My cousin can _________ (ride) a bicycle very well.

068. My grandmother often _________ (cook) vegetables in a big pan, but she _________ _________ (cook) meat in a small pan yesterday evening.

069. The students of Class Two, Grade Five usually _________ (eat) fast food once a month.

070. -- Where is Peter?  -- He _________ (water) the flowers with his grandfather in the garden.

071. Mr. White _________ (have) dinner with us last night, but he _________ (not have) dinner with us tonight.

072. Look, the children _________ (skip) in the playground. They like _________ (skip) very much. Let's _________ (join) them, shall we?

073. Lucy's father _________ (not do) any washing after supper. He always _________ (smoke) outside.

74. Tom usually _________ (eat) out at weekends. But he _________ (not eat) out last weekend.

075. It's getting dark. It's time _________ (go) home.

七、选择填空。

(　　　)076. -- Do you _________ the work?  - It is difficult but I like it.

A. enjoying   B. to enjoy   C. enjoy

(　　　)077. -- How often _________ your father go on an outing?  -- Once a month.

A. is     B. do    C. does

(　　　)078. The Lis are _________ for a trip this summer.

A. going    B. to go    C. goes

(　　　)079. After _________ your homework, you can _________ ball games.

A. finish; play   B. finishing; play  C. to finish: play

(　　　)080. Let's _________ the Internet, shall we?

A. surf    B. to surf    C. surfing

(　　　)081. -- It's made of pork.    -- _________ nice.

A. Sounds    B. Sound    C. It's sound

(　　　)082. -- When does May dance every day?    -- She _________ it every day.

A. dances    B. do    C. does

(　　　)083. -- Must I do my homework now?

           -- No, you _________. But you must _________ it before eight o'clock.

A. needn't; finish  B. must; finishing  C. can't; finish

(　　　)084. Why not _________ after school?

A. playing sports  B. play sports   C. to play sports

(　　　)085. We'd like _________ basketball _________ P. E. lessons.

A. play; on    B. to play; in   C. playing;in

(　　　)086. When _________ the sports meet _________ ?

A. do; begin   B. is; begin   C. did;begin

(　　　)087. I _________ jogging before. Now I am interested in _________.

A. enjoy; swimming  B. enjoyed; to swim  C. enjoyed; swimming

(　　　)088. Just now our teacher _________ us that the earth _________ around the sun.

A. tells; goes   B. told; went   C. told; goes

(　　　)089. We _________ Beijing this summer holiday.

A. will visit   B. is visiting   C. visited

八、改正下列句子中的错误。

090. Listen, the wind blowing hard.

    __________________________________________________________________

091. The classmates of Class Two visit the Shanghai Museum yesterday afternoon.

    __________________________________________________________________

092. Let's to wash dishes together.

    __________________________________________________________________

093. The hamburgers tastes delicious.

    __________________________________________________________________

094. The weatherman says it will rainy tomorrow afternoon.

    __________________________________________________________________

九、根据中文提示，完成下列句子。

095. Mingming _________________（对弹吉他感兴趣）at his young age. He wanted __________________（学习弹吉他）.

096.This is __________________ （一张我们学校乐队的表格）  

097. The students __________________ (开运动会) in the playground now. I will take part in (参加) __________________ (足球比赛).

098. Sandy will __________________ (把握机会) to take part in the race.

099. __________________ （我们的音乐老师）will __________________ （在音乐方面帮助我们）.

100. I go to __________________ （上海大剧院） __________________ （一月一次）.