小升初英语语法专项讲解+练习学案：祈使句（含答案）

小升初语言知识运用

祈使句

一、祈使句的用法

1.祈使句的概念

祈使句表命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等，谓语动词用原形。主语 you 通常省略，句末用感叹号或句号，例如:

Knock at the door before entering, please. 进来时请敲门! (建议)

Look out! There is a train coming. 注意! 火车来了! (提醒)

Wear strong shoes as we shall do a lot of walking. 请穿结实的鞋子, 因为我们 要走许多的路。(叮嘱)

Put on your coat at once. We must hurry. 立刻穿上衣服。我们必须快点。（命令）

Give blood if you can and many lives will be saved. 如果你能, 来献血吧, 这会 挽救很多人的生命。(号召)

2. 祈使句的分类

祈使句分为第二人称祈使句、第一人称祈使句和第三人称祈使句。

二、肯定的祈使句

1.第二人称祈使句

第二人称祈使句是以听话人为祈使对象的祈使句，通常用来向听话者发出命令， 提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语 you 通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头， 例如:

Keep quiet, please. 请保持安静。

Open the door, please. 请把门打开。

Hurry up! 快点跟上!

2.第一人称祈使句

第一人称祈使句是以第一人称代词作为祈使的对象，这类祈使句通常以 let 为引 导词表示建议，句子结构为 Let + me/us + 动词原形，例如:

Let's go out and play. 让我们出去玩吧。

Let's play a guessing game. 我们来玩猜谜游戏吧。

Let me have a look. 让我看一看。

Let me tell you. 让我来告诉你吧。

3.第三人称祈使句

第三人称祈使句是以第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象，以 let 为引导词，句子结构为 Let +  him/her/it/them/名词 + 动词原形，例如:

Let him be here by 10 o’clock. 让他10点前来这儿。

Let her do it by herself. 让她自己做。

Let it go. 让它去吧。

典型例题

用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

Tom, _________ (do) the homework, now.

正确答案 do

解题思路 该题句首Tom后面有个逗号，说明是在对Tom说话，后面的说话内 容是一个析使句，应该用动词原形开头，填 do，意思是“Tom，现在做作业吧。” 但是有的学生会忽略逗号，误认为是现在进行时的句子，填成 is doing。

三、否定的祈使句

1.第二人称祈使句的否定结构

在整个结构之前加 don't 或 never，例如:

Don't be nervous! 你不要紧张!

Don't make any noise! 都别吵了!

Never be late again. 别再迟到了。

Please don't forget to take your medicine. 请不要忘记吃药。

2.第一人称析使句的否定结构

在动词原形前面加 not, 句型为 Let me/us not do sth. , 例如:

Let's not waste our time arguing about it! 咱们别浪费时间争论这事了!

Let's not say anything about it! 这事咱们谁也别说!

Let's not go back late. 我们别晚回家吧。

3. 第三人称祈使句的否定结构

在其句首加 don't，例如:

Don't let him play with the fire. 让他不要玩火。

Don't let anyone come in. 别让任何人进来。

Don't let them play along the river. 别让他们在河边玩。

4.“No + 名词或动名词”结构

“No + 名词或动名词”结构表示禁止，一般用于指示、标牌、布告等，例如:

No smoking! 禁止吸烟!       No spitting! 不准随地吐痰!

No litter! 不准乱扔果皮纸屑!   No entry! 不许入内!

No thoroughfare! 禁止通行!   No painting on the wall! 墙上不准涂写!

No admittance except on business! 非公莫入!

典型例题

将下列祈使句改成否定句。

(1) Let's fly kites now.

   ______________________________________________

正确答案 Let's not fly kites now.

解题思路 第一人称析使句的否定结构，在动词原形前面加not，句型为 Let me / us not do sth. 。

(2) Let him stay at home alone.

   ______________________________________________

正确答案 Don't let him stay at home alone.

解题思路 第三人称祈使句的否定结构，是在其句首加 don't。不要和第一人称祈使句的否定结构混淆起来。

(3) 用括号中动词的正确形式填空。

Alice, _________ (not be) sad about it.

正确答案 don't be

解题思路 该题句首 Alice 后面有个逗号，说明是在对 Alice 说话，后面的说话内容是个祈使句，括号里“not be”提示为祈使句的否定形式，填 don't be，意思是“Alice，不要为此而难过了。”但是有的学生会忽略逗号，填成 isn't。

练习

一、连词成句。

001. please, after, read, me

    ______________________________________________

002. down, sit, please

    ______________________________________________

003. here, come, and, the, blackboard, clean

    ______________________________________________

004. there, go, and, stand, please

    ______________________________________________

005. the, window, close, please

    ______________________________________________

006. Dad, me, a yo - yo, buy, please

    ______________________________________________

007. to, listen, me, carefully, please

    ______________________________________________

008. play, let's, hide - and - seek

    ______________________________________________

009. not, make, let's, mistakes, any

    ______________________________________________

010. be, don't, late, class, for

    ______________________________________________

011. Mum, me, give, some, cookies, please

    ______________________________________________

012. let, them, don't, play, the, along, river

    ______________________________________________

013. anyone, don't, let, in, come

    ______________________________________________

014. up, hurry, or, be, you'll, late

    ______________________________________________

015. turn, the, electric, fan, on, please

    ______________________________________________

答案：

 001 Read after me, please. /Please read after me.

002 Sit down, please. /Please sit down.

003 Come here and clean the blackboard.

004 Go and stand there, please. /Please go and stand there.

005 Close the window, please. /Please close the window.

006 Dad, buy me a yo - yo, please. /Please buy me a yo - yo, dad.

007 Listen to me carefully, please. /Please listen to me carefully.

008 Let's play hide - and - seek.

009 Let's not make any mistakes.

010 Don't be late for class.

011 Mum, give me some cookies, please. /Please give me some cookies, Mum.

012 Don't let them play along the river.

013 Don't let anyone come in.

014 Hurry up, or you’ll be late.

016 Please turn on the electric fan. / Turn on the electric fan, please.

二、将下列祈使句改成否定句。

016. Stop, please.

    ______________________________________________

017. Give her a hamburger.

    ______________________________________________

018. Brush your teeth now.

    ______________________________________________

019. Run around the house.

    ______________________________________________

020. Let the baby laugh.

    ______________________________________________

021. Let the bird fly away.

    ______________________________________________

022. Let the dog stay in the cage.

    ______________________________________________

023. Let's get ready for the picnic.

    ______________________________________________

024. Let's watch TV after supper.

    ______________________________________________

025. Let's cross the road together.

    ______________________________________________

026. Make the bed now.

    ______________________________________________

027. Put on your new shoes.

    ______________________________________________

028. Let them finish their work now.

    ______________________________________________

029. Let's play Musical Chairs now.

    ______________________________________________

030. Let him do it by himself.

    ______________________________________________

答案：

016 Don't stop, please.

017 Don't give her a hamburger.

018 Don't brush your teeth now.

019 Don't run around the house.

020 Don't let the baby laugh.

021 Don't let the bird fly away.

022 Don't let the dog stay in the cage.

023 Let's not get ready for the picnic.

024 Let's not watch TV after supper.

025 Let's not cross the road together.

026 Don't make the bed now.

027 Don't put on your new shoes.

028 Don't let them finish their work now.

029 Let's not play Musical Chairs now.

030 Don't let him do it by himself.

三、将下列祈使句改成肯定句。

031. Don't go there with them.

    ______________________________________________

032. Don't take a sandwich with you.

    ______________________________________________

033. Don't take him to the funfair tomorrow.

    ______________________________________________

034. Don't turn on the TV.

    ______________________________________________

035. Don't feed the bird.

    ______________________________________________

036. Don't wait for me.

    ______________________________________________

037. Don't let her open the window.

    ______________________________________________

038. Don't let them eat the sweets.

    ______________________________________________

039. Let's not talk about the movie.

    ______________________________________________

040. Let's not walk around the tree.

    ______________________________________________

答案：

031 Go there with them.

032 Take a sandwich with you.

033 Take him to the funfair tomorrow.

034 Turn on the TV.

035 Feed the bird.

036 Wait for me.

037 Let her open the window.

038 Let them eat the sweets.

039 Let's talk about the movie.

040 Let's walk around the tree.

四、照样子写句子。

例: Don't smoke. → No smoking.

041. Don't walk on the grass. → ______________________________________________

042. Don't make noise. → ______________________________________________

043. Don't litter. → ______________________________________________

044. Don't swim here. → ______________________________________________

044. Don't swim here. → ______________________________________________

045. Don't feed the animal. → ______________________________________________

045. Don't feed the animal. → ______________________________________________

046. Don't touch. → ______________________________________________

047. Don't climb the tree. → ______________________________________________

048. Don't paint on the wall. → ______________________________________________

048. Don't paint on the wall. → ______________________________________________

049. Don't jump off the wall. → ______________________________________________

049. Don't jump off the wall. → ______________________________________________

050. Don't pick flowers. → ______________________________________________

051. Don't take photos. → ______________________________________________

051. Don't take photos. → ______________________________________________

052. Don't eat or drink here. → ______________________________________________

053. Don't shout. → ______________________________________________

答案：

041 No walking on the grass.

042 No making noise.

043 No litter. /No littering.

044 No swimming here.

045 No feeding the animal.

046 No touching.

047 No climbing the tree.

048 No painting on the wall.

049 No jumping off the wall.

050 No picking flowers.

051 No taking photos. /No photos.

052 No eating or drinking here.

053 No shouting.

五、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。

054. Dinner is ready. _________ (lay) the table, please.

055. _________ (give) me some water, please.

056. _________ (fill) the form, please, and _________ (sign) your name here.

057. Mary, _________ (do) the washing up, please.

058. Mum, _________ (not be) worry. I'll _________ (be) fine.

059. Let's _________ (not make) any mistakes.

060. _________ let the dog _________ (not follow) me.

061. _________ (not, chase) the dog. It's dangerous.

062. Lily and Lucy, _________ (make) yourselves at home, please.

063. Tom, _________ (help) yourself to some fruit.

064. Norman, _________ (take) off your coat if you feel hot.

065. Let's _________ (be) friends and _________ (keep) in touch.

答案：54. Lay  55. Give  56. Fill, sign  57. do  58. don’t be ; be  59. not make  60. Don’t ; follow  61. Don’t chase  62. make  63. help  64. take  65. be ; keep

六、选择填空。

(　　　)066. _________ me the book, please.

A. Pass   B. Passing  C. To pass

(　　　)067. _________ make any noise. They are having an exam.

A. Not   B. No   C. Don't

(　　　)068. Let's _________ camping this weekend.

A. go    B. going   C. to go

(　　　)069. _________ let him _________ computer games. It's bad for his eyes.

A. Not; play  B. Don't; play  C. No; playing

(　　　)070. _________ with fire. It's dangerous.

A. Don't play  B. Play   C. Not playing

(　　　)071. Jack, _________ a paper plane for me now.

A. makes   B. make   C. is making

(　　　)072. Dad, _________ at home.

A. doesn't smoke B. isn't smoking C. don't smoke

(　　　)073. Let's _________ blow bubbles at home.

A. don't   B. not   C. no

(　　　)074. Please go with us, _________ ?

A. don't you  B. will you  C. won't you

(　　　)075. Let me help you, _________ ?

A. won't you  B. will you  C. will I

(　　　)076. Let's take a walk, _________ ?

A. shall we   B. will you  C. won't you

(　　　)077. Work hard, _________ you can't pass the exam.

A. and   B. but   C. or

(　　　)078. Go straight ahead, _________ you will see the bank.

A. and   B. but   C. or

(　　　)079. Put on your coat, _________ you will catch a cold.

A. so    B. or    C. and

(　　　)080. Read more, _________ you will know a lot.

A. and   B. so    C. or

答案：A  C  A  B  A  B  C  B  B  B  A  C  A  B  A

七、用析使句改写下列句子，并保持意思不变。

081. You mustn't eat or drink in class.

    ______________________________________________

082. You can't take photos in the museum.

    ______________________________________________

083. You mustn't play football in the street.

    ______________________________________________

084. You must listen to the teacher carefully in class.

    ______________________________________________

085. You must finish your homework on time every day.

    ______________________________________________

086. You can't climb the trees in the park.

    ______________________________________________

087. You can't swim in the lake.

    ______________________________________________

088. You can't jump off the wall.

    ______________________________________________

089. You must keep quiet in the hospital.

    ______________________________________________

090. You must follow the school rules at school.

    ______________________________________________

091. You can't walk on the grass in the park.

    ______________________________________________

092. You can't give up learning English.

    ______________________________________________

答案：

081 Don't eat or drink in class.

082 Don't take photos in the museum.

083 Don't play football in the street.

084 Listen to the teacher carefully in class.

085 Finish your homework on time every day.

086 Don't climb the trees in the park.

087 Don't swim in the lake.

088 Don't jump off the wall.

089 Keep quiet in the hospital.

090 Follow the school rules at school.

091 Don't walk on the grass in the park.

092 Don't give up learning English.

八、根据中文提示，将下列句子翻译成英文，每空一词。

093.不要在太阳底下看书。这对眼睛不好。

_________ _________ books in the sun. It's bad for your eyes.

094.不要吃太多糖，这对牙齿不好。

  _________ _________ too many sweets. It's bad for your teeth.

095.每天吃一个苹果，你可以不用看医生。

  _________ _________ _________ a day, and you can keep the doctor away.

096.多做点运动，你就可以保持健康。

  _________ _________ _________, and you can keep healthy.

097.每天读英语，你的英语就会有进步。

  _________ _________ every day, and you can improve your English.

098.相信自己，你也做得到!

  _________ in _________. You can do it too!

099.不要担心，一切都会好的。

  _________ _________. Everything will be OK.

100.永不放弃。

  _________ _________ die.

答案：93. Don’t read  94. Don’t eat  95. Eat an apple  96. Do more sports  97. Read English  98. Believe ; yourself  99. Don’t worry  100. Never say