牛津译林版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 1 Back to school学案及答案

Unit 1 Back to school

Section I Welcome to the unit & Reading

句式剖析

Pattern1教材P3Over the next three years,you will discover your potential while you develop as a student and as a person.在接下来的三年里,身为学生和个体的人,你们在成长的同时,将会发现自己的潜能。 

句式剖析

本句为复合句。其中while引导时间状语从句,表示主句的谓语动作discover与从句的谓语动作develop几乎同时发生。

考点提炼

while引导时间状语从句

while引导时间状语从句时,意为“在……期间,当……的时候”。从句谓语动词只能用表持续性的状态或动作的动词,而不能用短暂性动词。

They rushed in while we were discussing problems.

我们正在讨论问题的时候,他们冲了进来。

I picked up English while I was studying in England.我在英国学习期间学会了英语。

归纳拓展

while做从属连词时除了可引导时间状语从句,还有以下用法:

(1)用作并列连词,连接两个并列分句,表示对比或相反的情况,意为“然而;而”。

I am fond of pop music while my parents like classical music.

我喜欢流行音乐而我父母喜欢古典音乐。

Some people fear such changes will be for the worse,while some see chances,not disaster.有些人担心这些变化会带来更坏的结果,然而也有些人看到了机会,而不是灾难。

(2)引导让步状语从句,意为“尽管,虽然”,相当于although/though/as。但while/although引导的让步状语从句不倒装,as引导的让步状语从句要倒装,though引导的让步状语从句可倒装也可不倒装。

While/Although/Though I understand you,I don’t agree with you.

尽管我理解你,可我不同意你的观点。

Difficult as/though the task was,they managed to finish it in time.

虽然这项任务很难,但他们还是设法及时完成了。

单句语法填空

(1)(2020·武汉三中高一期末)There?s no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery 　　　　another man,also intelligent,fails. 

(2)(2020·福州期中)　　　　 the students came from different countries,they got along quite well in the summer camp. 

(3)(2020·益阳高一上期末)According to the report,the US invested its money abroad at high rates of return,　　　　 the rest of the world invested in the US at low rates of return. 

(4)(2019·合肥高一上月考)　　　　 it is raining hard,they continue to help the farmers harvest the crops in the field. 

(1)while　句意:没办法知道为什么有人能够有重大发现,而有的人同样聪明,却没有(重大发现)。while然而,表对比,符合语境。

(2)While/Although/Though　句意:虽然这些学生来自不同的国家,但他们在这个夏令营中相处得很好。while/although/though意为“尽管,虽然”,引导让步状语从句。

(3)while　句意:据报道,美国的国外投资回报率很高,而世界其他国家在美国投资的回报率很低。while可做并列连词,表示两者之间的对比,符合本句语境。

(4)While/Although/Though　句意:虽然正在下大雨,但是他们继续帮助农民在田地中收割庄稼。设空处引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然”,while,although和though都可以引导让步状语从句。

Pattern2教材P3To fully realize your potential,it is important for you to make the most of our school resources.为了充分发挥你们的潜力,对你们来说,充分利用学校的资源是很重要的。 

句式剖析

本句中的“To fully realize your potential”为不定式短语做状语,表目的;该句中还含有“it is+adj.(+for sb.)+to do sth.”句型。

考点提炼

“It+be+adj.+to do sth.”句型

在本句型中,It为形式主语,后面的不定式(短语)为真正的主语,其中不定式的逻辑主语可以由介词for或of引出。该句型可以拓展为以下两种形式:

(1)It is+adj.+(for sb.) to do sth.意为“(对某人来说)做某事是……的”,此句型中的形容词一般表示事物的性质,如difficult,easy,hard,important,necessary,possible等。

It is not good (for you) to live alone. 独居(对你)不好。

It is difficult for him to lend you the money.要他借钱给你很难。

(2)It is+adj.+(of sb.) to do sth.意为“(某人)做某事是……的”,此句型中的形容词一般表示人的品质,如kind,brave,clever,stupid,nice,good,silly,careful,naughty等。

It was stupid of him not to take her advice.他没有听她的劝告,真是愚蠢。

It was nice of you to help me out of trouble.你真好,帮我摆脱了麻烦。

归纳拓展

it做形式主语的其他常见句型:

It is no good complaining.抱怨是没用的。

It is obvious that his answer is right.很明显,他的答案是对的。

It is said that he has arrived in Beijing.据说他已经到达北京了。

It is a pity that you can?t stay longer.你不能再多停留些时间,真遗憾。

It happened that I had seen the film.碰巧我已经看过那部电影了。

1.单句语法填空

(1)It’s very dangerous 　　　　children to cross the busy street. 

(2)It’s careless 　　　　him to lose so many things. 

(3)It is necessary 　　　　you to learn from others. 

(4)It is no good 　　　　(cry) over spilt milk. 

2.单句写作

(1)(2019·常州实验中学月考)　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　(很明显)the plan is impracticable. 

(2)(2019·黄冈中学质检)　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　(很有可能) the price will go down because of the competition. 

(3)　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　(据报告) the temperature will decline sharply in one or two days. 

(4)　　　　 　　　　　　　　(似乎) it is more difficult for Mary to get to the top of the company. 

(5)　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　(据说) dogs will keep you company for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely. 

1.(1)for　(2)of　(3)for

(4)crying

2.(1)It is obvious that

(2)It is likely that

(3)It is reported that

(4)It seems that

(5)It is said that

Pattern3教材P3Of equal importance are good study habits,useful skills and a positive attitude.同样重要的还有良好的学习习惯、实用技能和积极的态度。 

句式剖析

本句为完全倒装句,主语为“good study habits,useful skills and a positive attitude”,因主语较长,使用倒装结构可以使句子更为平衡。

考点提炼

完全倒装句

In the classroom are forty Chinese students,twenty American students and two teachers.教室里有40名中国学生、20名美国学生和两位老师。

归纳拓展

其他可以用完全倒装的情况:

(1)here,there等方位副词及now,then等时间副词位于句首,句子的谓语动词为be,come,go,leave,run等表示状态或动作趋向的动词,且句子的主语不是人称代词时,句子要完全倒装。

Here is Mr Wang.这就是王先生。

Now comes your turn.现在该你了。

(2)表示方位的介宾短语位于句首,句子的谓语为be,lie,stand,live,sit,exist等表示存在意义的动词,且句子的主语不是人称代词时,句子要完全倒装。

On her left sat her husband.她左边坐着她的丈夫。

By the river lives an old fisherman.有个老渔夫住在河边。

Among the guests was standing Mary.玛丽站在客人之中。

(3)为了生动地描写动作,当in,out,away,up,down,off等表示趋向的副词位于句首,句子的谓语动词为go,fly,rush,run等表示动作的动词,且句子的主语不是人称代词时,句子要完全倒装。

Away flew the bird.鸟儿飞走了。

Down went the boat.船沉了。

Up went the rocket into the air.火箭升空了。

(4)There be句型属于完全倒装结构,该句型中的be还可用appear,lie,live,stand,remain,exist等表示存在意义的动词替换。

There was a small shop at the corner.那个角落里曾经有一家小商店。

There lived a cruel king in the castle.这个城堡里曾住着一位残忍的国王。

(5)为了强调、保持句子结构平衡或使上下文衔接紧密,可把介宾短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首,并把句子的主语和谓语完全倒装。

In front of the window was a skinny boy around nine years old,and his nose pressed against the glass.窗前是一个大约九岁的瘦小男孩,他的鼻子紧贴着玻璃。(主语部分较长,为保持句子结构平衡,介宾短语前置,主语后置)

Folded in the card was a piece of paper;written on the card was a message under the printed “Happy Birthday”.贺卡里夹着一张折起来的纸,贺卡上印有“生日快乐”的字样,字下面还写着一条信息。(为使上下文衔接紧密,将过去分词提至句首,并将be动词和主语倒装)

1.单句语法填空

(1)Among the crises that face humans 　　　　(be) the lack of natural resources. 

(2)(2020·青岛模考)It was the first time that I had played on the stage.In front of the stage 　　　　(be) my excited schoolmates. 

2.根据汉语意思完成句子

(1)(2019·温州模拟)从远处来了一个骑马的男子。

From the distance 

　　　　 who was riding a horse. 

(2)(2019·南宁联考)当小男孩的妈妈走过来后,他立刻爬了过来。

　　　　　　　　 the boy when his mother came. 

3.同义句转换

(1)Those boys who come from the countryside are seated in a circle around the old man.

→　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　are those boys who come from the countryside. 

(2)As soon as Mrs Smith heard the cry for help,she jumped off the bed.

→As soon as Mrs Smith heard the cry for help,off the bed 　　　　　　　　. 

1.(1)is　句意:人类面临的危机之一是自然资源的缺乏。句子主语部分“the lack of natural resources”的中心词为lack,故谓语动词用单数is。题干为完全倒装句,介词短语“Among the crises that face humans”做表语。正常语序为:The lack of natural resources is among the crises that face humans.注意:该句不是there be句型。

(2)were

2.(1)came a man　(2)Up climbed

3.(1)Seated in a circle around the old man

(2)she jumped

Pattern4教材P3In time you will find yourself growing into a well-rounded individual.总有一天你们会发现自己成长为一个全面发展的人。 

句式剖析

本句为简单句,含有“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。

考点提炼

“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构

　　该结构意为“发现……处于……状态”,宾语通常是名词或代词。该结构有以下几种形式:

find+n./pron.+

As I grow older and wiser, I find myself realizing what an extraordinary person my mother is.随着我年龄的增长、智慧的增加,我发现自己认识到我的母亲是个多么了不起的人。

Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for words.甚至最好的作家有时候也会发现他们自己不知说什么好。

The child was found safe and sound.小孩儿找到了,安然无恙。

Jane found herself in an absolutely different world.

简发现自己在一个完全不同的世界里。

1.单句语法填空

(1)(2019·宿迁三校质检)Towards nightfall,I found myself 　　　　(carry) out to sea by a strong wind. 

(2)When he came to himself,he found himself 　　　　(lie) in hospital. 

(3)(2019·常州武进湟里高级中学质检)A group of children were found 　　　　(play) on the playground. 

(4)The old man found his wallet 　　　　(steal) in the market. 

(5)I found a number of people 　　　　(work) there. 

2.单句写作

(2019·黄冈中学质检)When day broke,we　　　  　　　 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　(发现我们自己在一个小村子里) at the foot of the mountain. 

1.(1)carried

(2)lying　(3)playing

(4)stolen

(5)working

2.found ourselves in a small village

Pattern5教材P3As Lao-Tzu wisely said,“A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.”老子说得好:“千里之行,始于足下。” 

句式剖析

本句中As引导一个非限制性定语从句,As指代后面一句话的内容。

考点提炼

as引导非限制性定语从句

(1)as引导非限制性定语从句时,有“正如”之意,常放在主句之前,有时也放在主句之后或主句之中。

As Victor Hugo once said,“Laughter is the sun that drives winter from the human face”,and up to now nobody has been able to do this better than Charlie Chaplin.正如维克多·雨果曾经说过:“笑容如阳光,能驱走人们脸上的冬天。”关于这一点,直到今天也没有人能比查理·卓别林做得更好。

(2)as引导限制性定语从句时,先行词常被the same,such,as,so等修饰。

误区释疑

文化金句

As is well known,we Chinese love peace and hate invasion.众所周知,我们中国人热爱和平,憎恨侵略。

1.单句语法填空

(1)　　　　Albert Einstein suggested,thing should be made as simple as possible,but no simpler. 

(2)Customers,　　　　already discussed,have different goals than users. 

(3)I had coffee after dinner,　　　　 is my usual practice. 

2.单句写作

(2020·花都中学期中)　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　(正如我们想象的那样),the manager was accused of a duty crime. 

1.(1)As　(2)as　(3)as

2.As we can imagine

Pattern6教材P3Be confident,do your best and make us proud!自信,尽你们所能,让我们骄傲! 

句式剖析

本句为并列句,其中“make us proud”为“make+宾语+宾补”结构。

考点提炼

“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构

“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构中宾语通常是名词或代词,宾语补足语除了形容词之外还可以由名词、过去分词、不定式等来充当。

(1)“make+名词/代词+形容词”表示“使某人或某物变得……”。

Praise makes good men better and bad men worse.表扬能使好人更好,坏人更坏。

(2)“make+名词/代词+名词”表示“使某人或某物成为……”,如果宾语补足语是表示独一无二的职位或头衔等的名词,则名词前不用冠词。

Make your enemy your friend.化敌为友。

We made Tom captain.我们让汤姆当队长。

(3)“make+名词/代词+过去分词”结构中构成过去分词的动词与宾语(名词/代词)之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,也可表示宾语补足语所表示的动作已完成。

You should make your views known.你应该让别人了解你的观点。

I speak slowly to make myself understood.我说得很慢,以便别人能听懂我的话。

(4)“make+名词/代词+不带to的不定式”结构用于被动语态时,不定式符号to要还原。

Every day my parents make me have an egg.=Every day I am made to have an egg by my parents.我的父母要求我每天吃一个鸡蛋。

1.单句写作

(1)(2020·长春一中模拟)Nancy had to shout　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　(能让别人听懂她的话) above the sound of the music. 

(2)　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(我感觉良好) to know my work is appreciated. 

(3)(2020·泰州五月份检测)The fact that she was foreign 　　　　　　　　　　　　(使得……困难) for her to get a job in that country. 

2.单句语法填空

(1)She made him　　　　(work) day and night. 

(2)His kind words really made me　　　　(happiness). 

(3)The little girl was made　　　　(stay) at home all day. 

(4)Eating too much made him　　　　(illness). 

(5)He made his plan　　　　(know) to the whole class. 

1.(1)to make herself heard　分析句子成分可知,hear与herself之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式做宾补。

(2)It makes me feel good　make后面的宾语补足语要用省去to的不定式。

(3)made it difficult　本句真正的宾语是“to get a job in that country”,made后要用it做形式宾语。

2.(1)work　(2)happy　(3)to stay

(4)ill　(5)known