高中英语-必修第三册-译林牛津版 UNIT 1 Section D（课件PPT）

UNIT 1 Nature in the balanceSection D Extended reading & ProjectⅠ 阅读理解（根据课文内容选择正确答案）1. How many characters are there in the studio according to the passage?2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.2. From what James Smith said，what can we know?A. How heavy industry produced the pollution. B. How he protested against the pollution.C. Why human beings should fight against pollution. D. Why the population of animals is decreasing.3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Vincent Brown’s speech?A. People have a tendency to connect factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke.B. Factories producing poisonous chemicals should be closed down.C. The businessmen try to control the amount of pollution they produce.D. The businessmen have been taking various measures to reduce pollution.课文预习自测○○○4. Which of the following statements is wrong according to the passage? A. James Smith is for the idea that heavy industry has to go to protest against the pollution in his living place. B. Vincent Brown wants to draw our attention to the environmental benefits factories have brought to Norgate. C. The Norgate Environmental Protection Committee has a major role to play in maintaining air and water quality. D. Many people are willing to take various measures for things that are friendly to the environment. ○Ⅱ 语法填空（根据课文内容，在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式） 　　James Smith is a local resident. 1　　　　 he first moved there，the air was fresh. Then heavy industry factories moved in，and things became 2　　 　　（entire） different. Now，he doesn’t enjoy outdoor activities any more. The river is dirty and smelly. The smog in the air has 3　　 　　（colour） the sky a smoky grey；it’s also given him a cough 4　　　 　 he can’t get rid of. He thinks all of persons must protest against heavy industry. 　　Vincent Brown is a senior manager of a local factory. He points out that people tend 5　　　 　（connect） factories with pictures of clouds of dirty smoke and irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge 6__________　　　 　 （profit）. They also try to control the amount of pollution they produce and are deeply concerned about the environment. They’ve been taking various measures，even though these measures raise their production costs. What’s more，they have brought the 7　　 　　 （economy） benefits to Norgate and created many jobs for local residents. 　　Julie Archer is chief of the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee. She thinks the committee has a major role 8　　 　　（play） in maintaining air and water quality. They have to achieve a balance 9___________　　　　 environmental protection and economic development. They’ve made environmental policies for businesses to observe. They also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure that development strategies 10____________　　　　（follow）in an environmentally friendly way. When　entirely　coloured　that/whichto connect　profits　 economicto playbetween　are followed　核心词汇 教材原句p.11 Then heavy industry factories moved in，and things became entirely different. 后来重工业工厂搬进来了，情况就完全不同了。1 entirely adv. 完全地，全部地，完整地The entire road was destroyed. It now looks entirely different from the previous one. 整个道路被破坏了。它现在看起来和先前的那个村庄完全不同了。【同义词语】wholly，totally，completely，thoroughly，all，altogether。 【误区警示】 not 与entirely 连用的时候，不管not 放在什么位置，均表示部分否定。与entirely 类似的词有all，both，every，everything，everybody， everywhere，altogether，completely。 题组练·领悟方法单句语法填空（1）She devoted herself 　　　　 　（entire） to her research and it earned her a good reputation（声誉）in her field. （2）The dark，rainy evening，the wind，the thundering clouds held me 　　　　 　（entire） in their power. 完成句子（3）她这一辈子都生活在伦敦。She has spent 　　　　　　　　 in London. （4）婴儿完全依赖别人喂食。Babies____________________ others for food. entirely 　entirely 　her entire life 　rely entirely on 教材原句p.11 ...it’s also given me a cough that I can’t get rid of. ……它还让我患上了咳嗽，老是不好。2 get rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉You should get rid of the bad habits.你应该改掉坏习惯。 It’s time we got rid of all these old toys. 我们该把这些旧玩具全部丢掉了。I can’t get rid of this cough.我咳嗽老是不好。 【归纳拓展】 rid...of 使……摆脱或除去：rid oneself of debt 还清债务 be rid of 摆脱She is trying to rid herself of a dependence on drugs. 她在努力摆脱对药品的依赖。【知识链接】 rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物 warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事 inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事cure sb. of sth. 医好某人的病单句语法填空（1）［词汇复现］Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world 　　　　 　 hunger. 完成句子（2）我们必须想尽一切办法让公司摆脱这些 债务。We must try every way to 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　. （3）由于经济原因，车主必须把汽车处理掉， 尽管他不情愿。The owner had to 　　　　　　　　　　 for financial reasons，though he didn’t want to do that. of 　rid our company of these debts 　 get rid of the car 教材原句p.11 Mr Smith protested against heavy industry. 史密斯先生抗议重工业。3 protest vi. 反对，抗议 vt. 反对；坚持声称，申辩搭配：protest against sth. 抗议某事 protest that... 坚持说…… Many people rose to their feet to protest against the decision. 许多人站起身来，抗议这项决定。［词汇复现］ Sarah protested that she didn’t lie to her teacher. 萨拉坚持说自己没有向老师撒谎。［词汇复现］单句语法填空（1）The workers went on strike 　　　　 　（protest） against the economic policy of the government. （2）［词汇复现］There is no point in 　　　　 　（protest）. It won’t help much. （3）Thousands of people crowded into the street， 　　　　 　（protest）against the war. to protest 　protesting 　protesting 　教材原句p.11 ...irresponsible businessmen eager to make huge profits.……不负责任的急于赚取巨额利润的商人。4 profit n. & v. （1）n. 利润，收益；好处搭配：make/earn a profit 盈利Unfortunately，the research was limited to increasing economic profits，rather than protecting the environment.不幸的是，这项研究只局限于增加经济利益，而不是保护环境。（2）vi. & vt. 获益，得到好处搭配：A profit B（A 使B 获益）= B profit from A （B 从A 中获益） I hope the lesson will profit you. = I hope you will profit from the lesson. 我希望你能从这次教训中获益。 写出句中profit 的含义（1）I think it will profit you nothing to follow his example. 　　　　（2）［词汇复现］On the basis of our sales’ forecasts， we may begin to make a profit next year. 　　　　（3）I like reading each day for profit and pleasure. 　　　　（4）I’m sure that all of you will profit from this special experience. 　　　　单句语法填空（5）You can profit 　　　　 　 listening to a wise man. （6）We can make 　　　　 　 profit from what you said. 对……有用/ 好处　利润，收益　好处，益处获益　from 　a 　教材原句p.11 In defence of factories，however，I’d like to point out that... 不过，为工厂说句公道话，我想指出的是…… 5 defence （AmE defense） n. 辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防； 防守搭配：in defence of 保卫……；为……辩护The soldiers fought bravely in defence of their country. 士兵们为保卫他们的国家英勇作战。What points can be raised in defence of this argument?有什么论点能提出来为这个说法辩护呢？ The area’s flood defences need repairing. 该地区的防洪设施需要整修。【词语积累】defend... against/from... 保卫……免受…… 单句语法填空（1）They were fighting like lions in defence 　　　　 　 their homeland. （2）As a famous politician once said，attack is the best method of 　　　　 　（defend）. （3）The PLA defends our motherland 　 　　　 　 being attacked. of 　defence 　from/against 教材原句p.11 We’ve been taking various measures...to reduce pollution in the production process... 我们一直在采取各种措施……以减少生产过程中的污染…… 6 various adj. 各种不同的，各种各样的They are able to deal with various emergencies. 他们能处理各种突发事件。He took the job for various reasons. 他出于种种原因接受了这份工作。 单句语法填空（1）We have 　　　　 　（vary）summer camps for your holidays. → We have a 　　　　　（vary）of summer camps for your holidays. （2）If you come to visit China，you will experience a culture of amazing depth and ________ 　　　　 　（vary）. （3）The leaves of these plants vary 　　　　 　 shapes and sizes. variousvariety 　variety 　in 　7 process n. & vt. （1）n.［C］ 进程，过程搭配：in the process of （doing） sth. 在（做）某事的过程中 in the process 同时，在……过程中 in process 在进行中We’re in the process of selling our old furniture. 我们正在出售自家的旧家具。I stood up to say hello and spilled my drink in the process. 我站起来打招呼时把饮料弄洒了。（2）vt. 加工，处理Most of the food we buy is processed in some way. 我们买的大部分食品都用某种方式加工过。 单句语法填空（1）I’m afraid getting things changed will be 　　　　 　 slow process. （2）All the information was then ready 　 　　　 　 （process）into film negatives. （3）Care of the soul is a gradual process 　 　　　 　 which even the small details of life should be considered. （4）More than 100 applications for travel visas have to be 　 　　　 　（process）. 完成句子（5）The company is 　　　　　　　　 　　　（在……过程中）moving to new offices. （6）Studies have shown that the right and left ear 　　　　　　　　（处理声音） differently. （7）［词汇复现］Your application for the position is 　　　　　　　（在进行中）. a 　to be processed 　in 　processed 　in the process of 　process sound 　in process教材原句p.12 I’d also like to draw your attention to the economic benefits factories have brought to Norgate. 我还要提醒你们注意工厂给诺盖特带来的经济效益。8 draw one’s attention to引起某人对……的注意（to 为介词） The boy shouted loudly in order to draw his parents’ attention to the danger. 那个男孩大声喊叫以使父母注意危险。【归纳拓展】 pay attention to （to 为介词）注意…… catch/attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意bring sth. to one’s attention 使某事引起某人的注意 call one’s attention to sth. 使某人注意某事concentrate/fix/focus one’s attention on 把注意力集中于 Little Jenny was reading a book when a butterfly flew by and caught/ drew/attracted her attention. Therefore，she couldn’t fix/focus/ concentrate her attention on the book any more. 小珍妮正在读书， 这时一只蝴蝶飞过，引起了她的注意。因此，她无法再把注意力集中在书上了。单句语法填空（1）Enough attention should be paid to 　　　　 　 （improve） your English. （2）［词汇复现］His attention was concentrated 　　　　 　 what he was doing，so he didn’t notice that it was already dark outside. 完成句子（3）请注意老师们上课时正在讲的内容。Please 　 　　　　　　　 what the teachers are saying in class. （4）他敲窗户以吸引我的注意。He knocked at the widow 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　. improving 　onpay attention to 　to draw/catch/attract my attention 　9 economic adj. 经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的搭配：economic development 经济发展 an economic crisis 经济危机It is reported that 3 percent economic growth was the government’s aim. 据报道，3% 的经济增长是政府的目标。【词语积累】 economy n. ［C］经济（情况）；经济制度；［C，U］节约，节省economical adj. 经济的，实惠的；节约的an economical method of heating 一种经济的供暖方法 辨析填空（economic/economy/economical） （1）China’s Silk Road Economic Belt，once accomplished，will quicken the 　 　　　 growth of the countries along the route. （2）The 　　　 　 car is big enough for a family of three unless you need more space for baggage. （3）With the 　　　 　 developing fast，we are better off and live a more convenient life. economic 　economical 　economy 　教材原句p.12 We also work hand in hand with other branches of government to ensure... 我们还与其他政府部门携手合作，以确保…… 10 branch n. （政府或机构）部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支a branch office 分支机构 a branch of science 一门科学 A fallen blossom is coming back to the branch. 落下的花朵回到了树枝上。They set up many branches throughout the country. 他们在全国各地建立了很多分公司。 写出句中branch 的含义（1）The gardener cut off a branch from the tree. 　　　　 （2）Another branch joins the main railway in this city. 　　　　（3）Mr Smith works in an executive（行政） branch of the government. 　　　　（4）The river has two main branches along its way to the sea. 　　　　单句语法填空（5）The store has 　　　　（branch）in over 50 cities. 枝条　支线　部门　支流　branches 　教材原句p.12 ...everyone can help by following the golden rule：reduce，reuse and recycle. ……每个人都遵循减少使用、重复使用和循环利用的指导原则，就能尽一份力。11 recycle vt. 回收利用，再利用recycle paper/glass 回收报纸 / 玻璃 We need to think more about recycling our waste. 我们需要多考虑回收利用垃圾。Waste materials from the dustbins can be recycled and processed. 垃圾箱里的废料是可以回收和处理的。［词汇复现］ 【词语积累】 recyclable adj. 可回收利用的；可再循环的 recycling n. 再循环Saving and recycling are long-term projects where determination matters a great deal. 节省和回收都是长期项目，其中决心很重要。单句语法填空（1）The houses are made from 　　　　 　（recycle） materials. （2） 　　　　 　（recycle）is one way to protect the environment；reusing is another. （3）I think that we should produce more things from materials that have been __________ 　　　　 　（recycle），and less from raw materials. 完成句子（4）Even simple things like 　 　　　　　　　（使用再生纸）or turning off the lights when you leave a room can make a difference. recyclable 　Recycling 　recycled 　using recycled paper 　教材原句p.12 A former UN official once said... 一位联合国前官员曾经说过…… 12 former adj. 以前的，从前的；前任的 n. 前者He was very happy to see his former friends in the bookstore. 在书店见到他以前的朋友他很高兴。Of swimming and football he prefers the former. 在游泳和足球运动中他更喜欢前者。【归纳拓展】 latter adj. 后者的，后面的the former...the latter... 前者……后者…… 单句语法填空（1）Of the two articles，I prefer 　　　　 　former to the latter. 完成句子（2）我认为前者不比后者好。I think 　　　　　　　　 is no better than 　　　　　　　　. the 　the formerthe latter 13 official n. & adj. （1）n.［C］官员；要员；高级职员a government official 政府官员 bank officials 银行职员 More than one official has served the people heart and soul. 不止一个官员全心全意为人民服务。（2）adj. 公职的；公务的Please don’t disturb the official duties.请不要打扰公务。 （3）adj. 官方的；正式的 English is an official language.英语是官方语言。 【词语积累】 office n.［C，U］办公室；（政府部门的）部，局；公职，官职，公务；职责→ take office 就职officer n.［C］工作人员；军官；警察，执法人员 officially adv. 官方地；正式地单句语法填空（1）He was an 　　　　 　（office），in the government office. （2）How many members have 　　　　 　（official）registered in the club? 完成句子（3）Anyone， 　　　　 　　　　 　　（不管他是一名官员还是）a bus driver，should be equally respected. （4）Our factory develops and makes 　　 　　 　 （办公设备）and teaching facilities. （5）In some countries，there is more than one 　　　　　　　　 　　（官方语言）. official 　officially 　whether he is an official or office equipment 　official language 　教材原句p.13 Causes 　　Consequences 　　Control 原因　　　 结果　　　　　　　 控制14 consequence n. 结果，后果；重要性搭配： take/suffer/face the consequences（of sth.）承担/ 遭受/ 面临（某 　事的）后果as a consequence of = in consequence of 由于（= as a result of） as a consequence = in consequence 因此，结果（= as a result） of little/no consequence 不重要的，无足轻重的The high level of consuming mutton has produced consequences of a higher price. 对羊肉的高消费量产生的结果是价格更高。The gifted writer reckoned that the loss of his manuscripts would lead to serious consequences. 这位天才作家认为，他手稿的丢失将导致严重的后果。As a consequence，children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thoughts or creative ideas. 结果，孩子们变得如此依赖他们的父母，以至于他们没有独立的想法或创意。完成句子（1） 　 　　　　　　　 　　　（由于） his being absent，the manager didn’t subscribe to his being promoted. （2）The problem of global warming is very serious. 　　 　　 　　　（因此），sea level has risen a little. （3）I believe that human cloning is wrong. If we toy with nature，we will have to 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　 　（承担后果）. （4）［词汇复现］As far as I’m concerned，your opinion is 　　　　 　　（不重要） to her. As a consequence/result of 　As a consequence/result take the consequences 　of little/no consequence 教材原句p.13 ...the poor quality of the local drinking water gives rise to public health problems. ……当地饮用水质量差导致了公共卫生问题。15 give rise to引起；使发生（尤指令人不愉快或意想不到的事） His speech gave rise to a bitter argument.他的演讲引起了激烈的争论。 【归纳拓展】 on the rise 在增加；在上涨 　　rise to one’s feet 站立起来 完成句子（1）These conditions have 　　　　　　　 　（使发生） a lot of crisis. （2）Traffic accidents have been 　　　　　　　（在增加） in recent years. （3）She 　　 　　 　　（站起来） to stare at me. given rise to 　on the rise 　rose to her feet 　教材原句p.13 To prevent further damage to water bodies，it is necessary to take some measures. 为了防止对水体的进一步破坏，有必要采取一些措施。16 further adj.，adv. & v. （1）adj. 更多的，更进一步的They believed there were likely to be further attacks. 他们认为有可能会有更多的袭击。（2）adv. 较远，更远；进一步Now we live further away from the city center. 我们现在住得离市中心更远了。（3）v. 促进，增进With the fight against piracy furthered，more and more people find that authentic CDs and DVDs deserve buying. 随着抵制盗版战役的推进，越来越多的人发现原版的CD 和DVD 值得购买。完成句子（1）［词汇复现］Measures must be done to prevent the world economy from________________ 　 （进一步被威胁）. （2）—Your uncle speaks English very fluently. — Sure. He 　　 　　　　　　　　（深造） in London for three years when he was a teacher ten years ago. （3）The astronauts found that as the spaceship 　　　　　　　　 　　　（走得越来越远） into space，it became more and more difficult to control its own movements. being further threatened 　furthered his educationwent further and further 　重点句式 教材原句p.11 Joining us in the studio tonight are James Smith， a local resident... 今晚和我们一起在演播室的还有当地居民詹姆斯·史密斯…… 1 完全倒装完全倒装的几种情况： （1）分词/ 形容词/ 副词/ 介词短语+ 地点状语+be+ 主语当表语是分词、形容词、副词、介词短语，主语比较长且主语是名词时，为了保持句子平衡，常把表语放在句首，引起句子全部倒装。Standing inside were lots of strange creatures with white skin and large black eyes.（飞船）里面站着许多白皮肤的怪物，个个都长着又大又黑的眼睛。At the foot of the hill lies a small village. 山脚下有一个小村庄。 （2）表示地点/ 时间/ 方向/ 方位等的副词+ 谓语+ 主语当把副词there，here，out，in，on，up，down，away，back，now，then 放在句首加以强调时，其后常用谓语动词go，come，run，lie，stand 等，然后再接主语（名词）构成完全倒装。Then came the time we had been looking forward to. 我们一直盼望的时刻终于到来了。（3）there+ 存在类动词+ 主语there be 句型中的be 用表示“存在”的动词live，exist，lie，stand， seem，rise，remain，happen，come，go 等替代时，构成完全倒装。There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project. 人们对于这个项目的实际价值仍然有一定的疑问。【学法点拨】 在倒装结构中，当主语是代词时，主谓一般不用倒装。 单句语法填空（1） 　　　　 　（bury） in the sands was an ancient village. （2）East of the city 　　 　（lie） our beautiful school，in which there are many flowers and trees. 完成句子（3） 　　 　　　　　　 　　　（出席会议的） scientists from all over the world. （4）Once upon a time there 　　 　　　　　　（有个名医）known by the name of Hua Tuo. （5）Look at the little dog! 　　 　　　 　（它跑过来了）. （6）At the school gate 　　　　　　　　 　（坐着一位老太太），waiting to see her grandson. （7）年终颁奖典礼终于来临了。Then 　 　　　　　　 at the end of the year. （8）中国和美国的高等教育有很多不同。There 　　　　　　　　　　　　 in higher education between China and America. Buried 　lies 　Present at the meeting were 　lived a famous doctor Here it runs 　sat an old woman 　came the final awards ceremony 　exist many differences　教材原句p.11 We’ve been taking various measures...even though these measures raise our production costs. 我们一直在采取各种不同的措施……尽管这些措施提高了我们的生产成本。【句式分析】本句是主从复合句。主句使用了现在完成进行时 have been doing，表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并且还有可能持续下去；even though 引导让步状语从句。2 even though（=even if）引导让步状语从句He kept on working outdoors until midnight even though he was tired. 尽管他累了，他还是在户外继续工作到深夜。Even though he’s 24 now，he still relies on his parents. 虽然他现在 24 岁了，但他还是依靠父母。【误区警示】 在含有 even though，even if 引导的让步状语从句的复合句中，如果主句用将来时，从句则用一般现在时代替将来时。Even though it snows tomorrow，we will go on with the roadworks. 即使明天下雪，我们也要继续进行道路施工。【学法点拨】 as though（= as if）“好像，仿佛”，引导表语从句或方式状语从句。当说话人认为所说的情况是事实时，就用陈述语气；当说话人认为所说的情况可能不是事实时，则用虚拟语气。完成句子 （1） 　　　　　　　　（尽管）the forest park is far away，a lot of tourists visit it every year. （2）Allow children the space to voice their opinions， 　　　　 　　　（即使）they are different from your own. （3）The foreigner talks about Chinese culture 　　　　（好像）he were more familiar with it than his own. 单句语法填空（4）Students，who are buried in homework，look as if they 　　　　 　（hit）by lightning every morning. 完成句子（5）即使知道真相，他也绝不会告诉你。__________________________________________Even though/if 　even though/if 　as if 　were hit 　He will never tell you the truth even if he knows it. 　教材原句p.12 With pollution levels on the rise... 随着污染水平的上升…… 【句式分析】本句中“with+n.+ 介词短语”为 with 复合结构，在句中 作状语。3 with 复合结构 现在分词（表示主动意义，强调动作正在进行） 形容词/ 副词/ 介词短语（表示状态） 过去分词（表示被动意义，强调动作的完成） 不定式（表示尚未发生的动作） She came to a river with green grass and red flowers on both sides. 她来到了一个两边长着红花绿草的小河边。With the boy leading the way，we had no difficulty in finding his home. 有这个男孩带路，我们找到他家没有困难。With the key lost，he had to wait outside the door. 由于钥匙丢了，他只好在门外等。With so much work to do，I have no time for a holiday. 有那么多工作要做，我没有时间去度假。 with+n./pron.+ 宾补单句语法填空（1）With a lot of difficult problems 　　　　 　（settle），the manager felt worried all the time. （2）John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work 　　　　 　（finish），he gladly accepted it. （3）The day was bright，with a fresh breeze 　　　　 　（blow）. （4）I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes 　　　　 　（fix） on the ceiling. （5）With all the work 　　　　 　（do），I won’t have time to go out. 完成句子（6）这个男孩低着头站在那儿。The boy stood there 　　　　　　　　　　. to settle 　finished 　blowing 　fixed 　to do 　with his head down