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高中英语-必修第三册-译林牛津版 UNIT 1 Section B（课件PPT）
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这是一份高中英语-必修第三册-译林牛津版 UNIT 1 Section B（课件PPT），共37页。
UNIT 1 Nature in the balanceSection B Grammar and usage核心词汇 教材原句p.6 All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems. 他们所有人都对如何解决这些问题提出了创造性的想法。1 come up with 想出，想到（同义短语：put forward） He comes up with a view：the house prices will go down in three years. 他提出一种观点：房价三年后将下跌。［词汇复现］ 【误区警示】 （1）come up with 及物动词短语，人作主语； （ 2）come up（被提到）不及物动词短语，物作主语，不用于被动语态。 一个好主意在会上被提了出来。 A good idea came up at the meeting.（√） A good idea was come up at the meeting.（×） 【归纳拓展】 come about 产生，发生 come across 偶然遇见come along（with）（和……）一起去 when it comes to... 一谈到……；就……而论（to 是介词） 题组练·领悟方法完成句子（1）After a day’s careful thought，he （想出）a good solution. （2）［词汇复现］ It is certain that the question will （被提出）at the meeting. 单句语法填空（3）［词汇复现］ Can you tell me how the accident came ? （4）Would you like to come with us to the film tonight?（5）Is this your necklace，Mary? I came it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning. came up with come up about alongacross 教材原句p.6 Some call for the application of modern technology and others a change of lifestyle. 一些人要求应用现代技术，另一些人要求改变生活方式。2 call for （1）（公共）要求；需要The public are calling for an end to air pollution. 公众呼吁结束空气污染。（2）去接某人I will call for you at 8 o’clock at the school gate. 我8 点钟在学校门口接你。【归纳拓展】 call up 给……打电话；使……回忆起call at 停靠；（短时间）停留 call on/upon 拜访（某人）；号召call off 取消；停止 call in 请来；收回 完成句子（1）The sound of happy laughter （使回忆起） memories of his childhood. （2）The government （号召） the youth to donate their blood voluntarily. （3）He is ill；you should （请来） a doctor right away. （4）Since the weather is bad，let’s （取消） the trip. （5）A truck driver used his CB radio （呼救）. called up calls on call in call off to call for help 3 application n. 应用，运用；申请搭配：have a wide application in... 在……中得到广泛应用 application form 申请表The technology has a wide application in IT industry. 这项技术在信息技术产业上得到了广泛应用。Have you filled in the application form for a new passport? 你已经填写了领新护照的申请表了吗？ 【词语积累】 apply v. 应用；申请 applicant n. 申请人 单句语法填空（1）I would be very grateful if you could kindly consider my （apply）. （2）If the （apply）is not a true candidate for the job，do not interview him. （3）The new technology，if （apply） to rice growing，will help increase the grain output. application applicantapplied 教材原句p.7 It was organized by GreenHope，an organization devoted to protecting forests. 它是由绿色希望组织的，一个致力于保护森林的组织。4 organization n. 组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理His application for membership of the organization was rejected. 他想加入这个组织的申请被拒绝了。【词语积累】 organize （=organise）vt. 组织，筹备；安排；建立 organize...into... 组织……成为…… organize a meeting 组织一次会议organize one’s thought 整理某人的思绪 organized adj. 有组织的 organizer n. 组织者，筹备者You should try and organize your time better. 你应该尽量更有效地分配你的时间。He wanted to have an organization organized to help those in need， whose organizers could make its work well organized. 他想成立一个组织来帮助那些需要帮助的人，其组织者能够使工作非常有序。单句语法填空（1）The public expect high standards from any large （organize）. （2）She organized the class four groups. （3）In my view，London is not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is more___________ （organize） in traffic. （4）Mr. Black，who is a very person， works as the president of a large international .（organize） 完成句子（5）把思绪理清楚再说话。 before you begin to speak. organizationinto organized organizedorganization Organize your thought 教材原句p.7 It was absolutely worth our effort! 它的确值得我们的努力！ 5 absolutely adv. 绝对地，完全地；极其It is difficult to go across the desert，but not absolutely impossible.穿越沙漠很难，但并非完全不可能。［词汇复现］ He has absolutely no experience of governing a company. 他完全没有管理公司的经验。【归纳拓展】Absolutely!（口）正是！当然！ Absolutely not!（口）绝对不行！当然不！ —Do you let your kids travel alone at night? 你会让你的孩子们晚上单独外出吗？ —Absolutely not! 当然不会 ！ 单句语法填空（1）— It is what parents say and do that really matters in children’s character training. — （absolute）! 完成句子（2）［词汇复现］It’s （绝对不可能）for us junior students to work out the math problem within five minutes. Absolutely absolutely impossible 重点句式 教材原句p.6 I wish we could also do something to help. 我希望我们也能做点儿事情来帮忙。【句式分析】本句是主从复合句，主句为 I wish，后面的部分为其宾 语从句。其中could 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。1 wish+ 虚拟语气wish 后宾语从句用虚拟语气表示一种虚拟愿望。其形式如下： I wish I had been at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then. 上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼的，但那时我在纽约出差。I wish I were an astronaut travelling in space in a spaceship. 我希望我是一名宇航员，乘坐宇宙飞船漫游太空。I wish that someday I could live on the moon. 我希望有一天我能住到月球上。 单句语法填空（1）Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I （dance） as well as her. （2）How I wish I （sleep） longer this morning，but I had to get up and go to school. （3）I wish that we （can） go with my brother when he flies to England next week. （4）I wish I （be）a bird and could fly freely in the sky! （5）I wish I （can）help my dad to support the family when I grow up. danced had slept could were could 教材原句p.7 He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection，but he didn’t. 他本打算借一本关于环境保护的书，但是他没借成。2 had planned to do sth. 本打算做某事，但是没做成I had planned to meet you at the airport，but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave. 我本来打算去机场接你的，但是就在我要离开的时候有人来看我。［词汇复现］ 【归纳拓展】 动词hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan 等用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。I had never thought that you were content to help me. 我从未想过你愿意帮我。We had hoped to be able to come and see you. 我们本来希望能来看看你。 单句语法填空（1）The enemy （plan） to blow up the bridge but their bombs failed to explode. （2）I （want） to lend you some money，but you didn’t ask. （3）I （mean） to visit you，but an unexpected thing happened. （4）—Did you go anywhere on holiday? — I （hope） to go to Hawaii， but I didn’t catch the plane in time. had planned had wanted had meant had hoped 教材原句p.7 What if nobody goes? 如果没有人去该怎么办？ 3 What if...? 如果……会怎么样？要是……怎么办？该句可理解为What will happen if...? 【归纳拓展】 What if...? 常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等，意为“倘若……将会怎样？”“如果……将会怎样？”，后面经常跟一般现在时，有时根据语境也可以跟虚拟语气。类似句型有： What for? 为了什么目的？ So what? 那又怎么样？ How come? 怎么会这样？怎么搞的？What about.../How about...?……怎么样？（表示询问情况或提出建议） What if he doesn’t agree with me?要是他不同意我的看法怎么办？ If she spent five years in Paris，how come her French is so bad? 既然她在巴黎待了五年，她的法语怎么还会这样糟糕？ —He is fifteen years younger than you. 他比你小十五岁呢。—So what? 那又怎么样？ 单句语法填空（1）What we moved the sofa over there? Would that look better? 辨析填空（what if/what about/how about/so what/how come） （2）I didn’t do well in the exam. I can’t pass the exam? （3） going to the movies with me tonight? （4）—Your room is a real mess，Tom. — ? （5） you enjoy collecting stamps? if What if What about/How about So what How come 单元语法 省略 在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密衔接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。在此，我们只研究句法的省略和替代省略。1 省略在简单句中的应用1. 省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you 和疑问句中的主语。（You） Shut up! 住嘴！ （You） Want a hand?需要帮忙吗？ （I） Beg your pardon. 请再说一遍。 （It） Doesn’t matter. 没关系。 2. 省略宾语：当上下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。—Do you know Miss Gao? 你认识高女士吗？ —I don’t know （her）. 不认识。3. 省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。（You come）This way，please. 请这边走。（省略了主语和谓语） （Have you） Got any ink?你有墨水吗？（省略了主语和谓语的一部分） 单句语法填空（1）— Mary’s been offered a job in a university， but she doesn’t want to take it. —But ? It’s a very good chance. （2）—I went to an exhibition this morning. —With （who）? 写出下列句子的省略部分（3） Any questions? （4）—Are you tired? —Yes，I am . （5）What a hot day ! （6） Do be careful of such things in the future. （7）—Are you a student? —Yes，I am . 补全下列省略句（8）Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash and you dry. why whom Are there tired it isYou a student Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash the dishes and you dry them. 2 省略在并列句中的应用在由and 或but 连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。Tom picked up a book on the floor and （Tom） handed it to his teacher. 汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了他的老师。2. 若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。Jack must have been playing football and Mary（ must have been） doing her homework. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。3. 若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。His advice made me happy，but （his advice made） Jim angry. 他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn’t（have a knowledge of first aid）. 他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。单句语法填空（1）Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and Tom won’t . （2）She could have applied for that job，but she （not）. 写出下列句中可以省略的部分（3）Some of us study Japanese，and others study English. （4）He gave up drinking several months ago，but he returned to his old way later. （5）My friend didn’t come to school，but I wonder why he didn’t come to school. either didn’t others 后的study hehe didn’t come to school 3 主从复合句中的省略1. 状语从句的省略（ 1）在when，while，if，as if，though，although，as，until，once，whether， unless，whenever 等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be 或从句的主语为it 时，则从句中主语和be 动词常被省略。Wood gives off much smoke while （it is） burning. 木头燃烧时产生很多烟。Whenever （it is） possible，they would stop him and ask him the three questions. 只要有可能，他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。Will you be free this Sunday? If （it is） so，let’s go camping. 这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。【学法点拨】 省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词； 若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。When （it is） heated，ice can be turned into water. 加热的时候冰可以变成水。 （2）在than，as 等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。They don’t use more water than （it is） necessary. 他们使用的水没有超出需要量。He runs as fast as Bob （runs）. 他跑得和鲍勃一样快。 【学法点拨】 并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be 动词，由after，before， because 等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语等，用动名词代替be 动词。Because he was ill，he didn’t attend the meeting. → Because of being ill，he didn’t attend the meeting.（√） → Being ill，he didn’t attend the meeting.（√） → Because ill，he didn’t attend the meeting.（×） 由于生病了，他没有出席会议。 2. 定语从句的省略（ 1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词 whom，which，that 可省略（但whom，which 紧跟在介词后时不能省略）。The exact year（which/that）Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 安吉拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2008 年。 （2）修饰way 的关系词that/in which 可以省略。 in which The way that he speaks to us is really annoying. / 3. 宾语从句的省略（1）及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that 一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that 引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that 可以省略。I truly believe （that） beauty comes from within. 我真的相信美丽来自内心。He said （that） the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。（ 2）when，where，how 和 why 引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引 导词。I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don’t know when（ he will come to our city）. 我知道一个电影明星将要来我们城市，但我不知道他什么时候来。 单句语法填空（1）When （surf） the Internet， I downloaded the film. （2）Video games can be a poor influence if （leave） in the wrong hands. （3）He opened his mouth as if （say） something. 句型转换（4）When you are listening to your teacher，you must be careful. → When your teacher，you must be careful. （5）You shouldn’t come to his party unless you are invited. → You shouldn’t come to his party unless . （6）I bought two books in the bookstore and they are very interesting. →The two books I in the bookstore are very interesting. surfing left to say listening to invitedbought （7）If it is so，I hope you will have a wonderful time. → ，I hope you will have a wonderful time. （8）The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou. → The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild . 写出下列句中可以省略的部分（9）Among the many dangers which sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog. （10）Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position. If so as in Guangzhouwhich that （11）Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently. （12）She didn’t go to school yesterday. I don’t know why she didn’t go to school yesterday. （13）Have you got any idea about the plan? 合并句子（14）My shirt is white. His shirt is blue. → ___________________________（15）Tom turned on the radio. Tom listened to English. →____________________________________________ that she didn’t go to school yesterday Have you My shirt is white and his blue. Tom turned on the radio and listened to English. 4 其他的省略情况1. 动词不定式的省略（ 1）当不定式在形容词 afraid，anxious，eager，glad，happy，ready， willing 等后作状语时，to 后的内容常省略。You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to（ answer the question）.如果他没准备好回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。（ 2）在某些使役动词，如：make，let，have 等和感官动词，如：see， watch，notice，observe，hear 等后作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to 不省略。We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. =She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom. （被动语态） 我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。（ 3）并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号 to。但若两个不定 式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。He likes to swim more than （to） skate. 比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。 He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.（比较）他认为重要的是学习而不是交朋友。（ 4）当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。此类动词有 agree，afford，expect，forget，hope，know，manage，pretend， remember，refuse，want，wish，would like 等。I would do it for you，but I don’t know how to （do it for you）. 我愿意为你做这件事，但是我不知道怎么去做。（ 5）介词 but，except （除了）前有实义动词 do 的某种形式时，后面 的不定式不带to。All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等着瞧。（ 6）当不定式在 be going to，be able to，have to，ought to，used to 后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to （visit their parents）. 他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。【学法点拨】 （ 1）省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的 have 或 be 的任何形 式时，to 后要保留原形的have 或be。（ 2）类似这样用法的还有动词短语 ought to，be going to，be about to，be supposed to，have to，used to 及形容词glad，happy，pleased， delighted 等。He didn’t come，but he ought to have（come）.他没来，但他应该来。 —Are you a farmer? 你是个农民吗？ —No，but I used to be （a farmer）. 不是，但我过去是。2. 使用so，not 等时的省略在英语中，可以用so，not 或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。—Can you finish your work today?你今天能完成工作吗？ —I think so. 我认为能。—I don’t think so./I think not. 我认为不能。3. 介词的省略（1）一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有： ①have difficulty/trouble（in）doing sth. ②be busy（in）doing sth. ③spend some time（in）doing sth. ④stop/prevent sb.（from） doing sth. The heavy rain prevented him （from） arriving there on time. 大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。（2）表示时间的介词at，on 和in 在next，last，this，these，yesterday， tomorrow，one，any，every，each，some 等词之前时，一般省略。We go to school （on） every day except Sundays. 除星期天外，我们每天都去上学。按要求做题A. There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to wait. B. We can do nothing but to give up. C. He was noticed to leave the office. D. The city now is much noisier than it used to be. E. My mother wouldn’t let me to go to see the film. （1）以上句子中，加黑部分应省略的是：_____ （2）不能省略的是：_______ BE ACD 完成句子（3）He will go to Beijing tomorrow if he （被允许）. （4）—Did you buy milk? —No， （我本打算买的），but the shop was shut. （5）The workers were （被迫加班）. （6）We have nothing to do now （除了等）. （7）I’m really puzzled （怎么想，怎么说）. （8）—Is he feeling better today? — （恐怕没有好转）. （9）— Tom was injured，or he would have won the race. — （我认为如此）. （10）— Everyone believes the plan is practical. What about you? — （我不这么认为）.is allowed to I had meant tomade to overwork but wait how to think and say I’m afraid not I think so I don’t think so （11）—Do you think he will win the game? — （我希望不）. （12）The teacher （让他 留下来） after school. 补全下列句中省略的词（13）It was quite light and any moment now the sun would rise. （14）There were plenty of empty seats that night. （15）I have some trouble learning English. （16）Parents should pay attention to the cases where their children have difficulty______ adapting to new surroundings. （17）It’s everybody’s desire that every effort be made to reduce the pollution in our city. （18）What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. I hope not made him stay at onin in should that/in which
UNIT 1 Nature in the balanceSection B Grammar and usage核心词汇 教材原句p.6 All of them come up with creative ideas on how to solve these problems. 他们所有人都对如何解决这些问题提出了创造性的想法。1 come up with 想出，想到（同义短语：put forward） He comes up with a view：the house prices will go down in three years. 他提出一种观点：房价三年后将下跌。［词汇复现］ 【误区警示】 （1）come up with 及物动词短语，人作主语； （ 2）come up（被提到）不及物动词短语，物作主语，不用于被动语态。 一个好主意在会上被提了出来。 A good idea came up at the meeting.（√） A good idea was come up at the meeting.（×） 【归纳拓展】 come about 产生，发生 come across 偶然遇见come along（with）（和……）一起去 when it comes to... 一谈到……；就……而论（to 是介词） 题组练·领悟方法完成句子（1）After a day’s careful thought，he （想出）a good solution. （2）［词汇复现］ It is certain that the question will （被提出）at the meeting. 单句语法填空（3）［词汇复现］ Can you tell me how the accident came ? （4）Would you like to come with us to the film tonight?（5）Is this your necklace，Mary? I came it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning. came up with come up about alongacross 教材原句p.6 Some call for the application of modern technology and others a change of lifestyle. 一些人要求应用现代技术，另一些人要求改变生活方式。2 call for （1）（公共）要求；需要The public are calling for an end to air pollution. 公众呼吁结束空气污染。（2）去接某人I will call for you at 8 o’clock at the school gate. 我8 点钟在学校门口接你。【归纳拓展】 call up 给……打电话；使……回忆起call at 停靠；（短时间）停留 call on/upon 拜访（某人）；号召call off 取消；停止 call in 请来；收回 完成句子（1）The sound of happy laughter （使回忆起） memories of his childhood. （2）The government （号召） the youth to donate their blood voluntarily. （3）He is ill；you should （请来） a doctor right away. （4）Since the weather is bad，let’s （取消） the trip. （5）A truck driver used his CB radio （呼救）. called up calls on call in call off to call for help 3 application n. 应用，运用；申请搭配：have a wide application in... 在……中得到广泛应用 application form 申请表The technology has a wide application in IT industry. 这项技术在信息技术产业上得到了广泛应用。Have you filled in the application form for a new passport? 你已经填写了领新护照的申请表了吗？ 【词语积累】 apply v. 应用；申请 applicant n. 申请人 单句语法填空（1）I would be very grateful if you could kindly consider my （apply）. （2）If the （apply）is not a true candidate for the job，do not interview him. （3）The new technology，if （apply） to rice growing，will help increase the grain output. application applicantapplied 教材原句p.7 It was organized by GreenHope，an organization devoted to protecting forests. 它是由绿色希望组织的，一个致力于保护森林的组织。4 organization n. 组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理His application for membership of the organization was rejected. 他想加入这个组织的申请被拒绝了。【词语积累】 organize （=organise）vt. 组织，筹备；安排；建立 organize...into... 组织……成为…… organize a meeting 组织一次会议organize one’s thought 整理某人的思绪 organized adj. 有组织的 organizer n. 组织者，筹备者You should try and organize your time better. 你应该尽量更有效地分配你的时间。He wanted to have an organization organized to help those in need， whose organizers could make its work well organized. 他想成立一个组织来帮助那些需要帮助的人，其组织者能够使工作非常有序。单句语法填空（1）The public expect high standards from any large （organize）. （2）She organized the class four groups. （3）In my view，London is not as expensive in price as Tokyo but Tokyo is more___________ （organize） in traffic. （4）Mr. Black，who is a very person， works as the president of a large international .（organize） 完成句子（5）把思绪理清楚再说话。 before you begin to speak. organizationinto organized organizedorganization Organize your thought 教材原句p.7 It was absolutely worth our effort! 它的确值得我们的努力！ 5 absolutely adv. 绝对地，完全地；极其It is difficult to go across the desert，but not absolutely impossible.穿越沙漠很难，但并非完全不可能。［词汇复现］ He has absolutely no experience of governing a company. 他完全没有管理公司的经验。【归纳拓展】Absolutely!（口）正是！当然！ Absolutely not!（口）绝对不行！当然不！ —Do you let your kids travel alone at night? 你会让你的孩子们晚上单独外出吗？ —Absolutely not! 当然不会 ！ 单句语法填空（1）— It is what parents say and do that really matters in children’s character training. — （absolute）! 完成句子（2）［词汇复现］It’s （绝对不可能）for us junior students to work out the math problem within five minutes. Absolutely absolutely impossible 重点句式 教材原句p.6 I wish we could also do something to help. 我希望我们也能做点儿事情来帮忙。【句式分析】本句是主从复合句，主句为 I wish，后面的部分为其宾 语从句。其中could 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气。1 wish+ 虚拟语气wish 后宾语从句用虚拟语气表示一种虚拟愿望。其形式如下： I wish I had been at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then. 上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼的，但那时我在纽约出差。I wish I were an astronaut travelling in space in a spaceship. 我希望我是一名宇航员，乘坐宇宙飞船漫游太空。I wish that someday I could live on the moon. 我希望有一天我能住到月球上。 单句语法填空（1）Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I （dance） as well as her. （2）How I wish I （sleep） longer this morning，but I had to get up and go to school. （3）I wish that we （can） go with my brother when he flies to England next week. （4）I wish I （be）a bird and could fly freely in the sky! （5）I wish I （can）help my dad to support the family when I grow up. danced had slept could were could 教材原句p.7 He had planned to borrow a book on environmental protection，but he didn’t. 他本打算借一本关于环境保护的书，但是他没借成。2 had planned to do sth. 本打算做某事，但是没做成I had planned to meet you at the airport，but someone came to see me just when I was about to leave. 我本来打算去机场接你的，但是就在我要离开的时候有人来看我。［词汇复现］ 【归纳拓展】 动词hope，expect，think，intend，mean，want，suppose，plan 等用过去完成时，表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。I had never thought that you were content to help me. 我从未想过你愿意帮我。We had hoped to be able to come and see you. 我们本来希望能来看看你。 单句语法填空（1）The enemy （plan） to blow up the bridge but their bombs failed to explode. （2）I （want） to lend you some money，but you didn’t ask. （3）I （mean） to visit you，but an unexpected thing happened. （4）—Did you go anywhere on holiday? — I （hope） to go to Hawaii， but I didn’t catch the plane in time. had planned had wanted had meant had hoped 教材原句p.7 What if nobody goes? 如果没有人去该怎么办？ 3 What if...? 如果……会怎么样？要是……怎么办？该句可理解为What will happen if...? 【归纳拓展】 What if...? 常用来提出假设、建议、邀请、要求等，意为“倘若……将会怎样？”“如果……将会怎样？”，后面经常跟一般现在时，有时根据语境也可以跟虚拟语气。类似句型有： What for? 为了什么目的？ So what? 那又怎么样？ How come? 怎么会这样？怎么搞的？What about.../How about...?……怎么样？（表示询问情况或提出建议） What if he doesn’t agree with me?要是他不同意我的看法怎么办？ If she spent five years in Paris，how come her French is so bad? 既然她在巴黎待了五年，她的法语怎么还会这样糟糕？ —He is fifteen years younger than you. 他比你小十五岁呢。—So what? 那又怎么样？ 单句语法填空（1）What we moved the sofa over there? Would that look better? 辨析填空（what if/what about/how about/so what/how come） （2）I didn’t do well in the exam. I can’t pass the exam? （3） going to the movies with me tonight? （4）—Your room is a real mess，Tom. — ? （5） you enjoy collecting stamps? if What if What about/How about So what How come 单元语法 省略 在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密衔接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。在此，我们只研究句法的省略和替代省略。1 省略在简单句中的应用1. 省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you 和疑问句中的主语。（You） Shut up! 住嘴！ （You） Want a hand?需要帮忙吗？ （I） Beg your pardon. 请再说一遍。 （It） Doesn’t matter. 没关系。 2. 省略宾语：当上下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。—Do you know Miss Gao? 你认识高女士吗？ —I don’t know （her）. 不认识。3. 省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。（You come）This way，please. 请这边走。（省略了主语和谓语） （Have you） Got any ink?你有墨水吗？（省略了主语和谓语的一部分） 单句语法填空（1）— Mary’s been offered a job in a university， but she doesn’t want to take it. —But ? It’s a very good chance. （2）—I went to an exhibition this morning. —With （who）? 写出下列句子的省略部分（3） Any questions? （4）—Are you tired? —Yes，I am . （5）What a hot day ! （6） Do be careful of such things in the future. （7）—Are you a student? —Yes，I am . 补全下列省略句（8）Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash and you dry. why whom Are there tired it isYou a student Let’s do the dishes. I’ll wash the dishes and you dry them. 2 省略在并列句中的应用在由and 或but 连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。Tom picked up a book on the floor and （Tom） handed it to his teacher. 汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了他的老师。2. 若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。Jack must have been playing football and Mary（ must have been） doing her homework. 杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。3. 若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。His advice made me happy，but （his advice made） Jim angry. 他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn’t（have a knowledge of first aid）. 他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。单句语法填空（1）Jane won’t join us for dinner tonight and Tom won’t . （2）She could have applied for that job，but she （not）. 写出下列句中可以省略的部分（3）Some of us study Japanese，and others study English. （4）He gave up drinking several months ago，but he returned to his old way later. （5）My friend didn’t come to school，but I wonder why he didn’t come to school. either didn’t others 后的study hehe didn’t come to school 3 主从复合句中的省略1. 状语从句的省略（ 1）在when，while，if，as if，though，although，as，until，once，whether， unless，whenever 等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有系动词be 或从句的主语为it 时，则从句中主语和be 动词常被省略。Wood gives off much smoke while （it is） burning. 木头燃烧时产生很多烟。Whenever （it is） possible，they would stop him and ask him the three questions. 只要有可能，他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。Will you be free this Sunday? If （it is） so，let’s go camping. 这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。【学法点拨】 省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词； 若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。When （it is） heated，ice can be turned into water. 加热的时候冰可以变成水。 （2）在than，as 等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。They don’t use more water than （it is） necessary. 他们使用的水没有超出需要量。He runs as fast as Bob （runs）. 他跑得和鲍勃一样快。 【学法点拨】 并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be 动词，由after，before， because 等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语等，用动名词代替be 动词。Because he was ill，he didn’t attend the meeting. → Because of being ill，he didn’t attend the meeting.（√） → Being ill，he didn’t attend the meeting.（√） → Because ill，he didn’t attend the meeting.（×） 由于生病了，他没有出席会议。 2. 定语从句的省略（ 1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词 whom，which，that 可省略（但whom，which 紧跟在介词后时不能省略）。The exact year（which/that）Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 安吉拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2008 年。 （2）修饰way 的关系词that/in which 可以省略。 in which The way that he speaks to us is really annoying. / 3. 宾语从句的省略（1）及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that 一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that 引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that 可以省略。I truly believe （that） beauty comes from within. 我真的相信美丽来自内心。He said （that） the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。（ 2）when，where，how 和 why 引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引 导词。I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don’t know when（ he will come to our city）. 我知道一个电影明星将要来我们城市，但我不知道他什么时候来。 单句语法填空（1）When （surf） the Internet， I downloaded the film. （2）Video games can be a poor influence if （leave） in the wrong hands. （3）He opened his mouth as if （say） something. 句型转换（4）When you are listening to your teacher，you must be careful. → When your teacher，you must be careful. （5）You shouldn’t come to his party unless you are invited. → You shouldn’t come to his party unless . （6）I bought two books in the bookstore and they are very interesting. →The two books I in the bookstore are very interesting. surfing left to say listening to invitedbought （7）If it is so，I hope you will have a wonderful time. → ，I hope you will have a wonderful time. （8）The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou. → The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild . 写出下列句中可以省略的部分（9）Among the many dangers which sailors have to face，probably the greatest of all is fog. （10）Please send us all the information that you have about the candidate for the position. If so as in Guangzhouwhich that （11）Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently. （12）She didn’t go to school yesterday. I don’t know why she didn’t go to school yesterday. （13）Have you got any idea about the plan? 合并句子（14）My shirt is white. His shirt is blue. → ___________________________（15）Tom turned on the radio. Tom listened to English. →____________________________________________ that she didn’t go to school yesterday Have you My shirt is white and his blue. Tom turned on the radio and listened to English. 4 其他的省略情况1. 动词不定式的省略（ 1）当不定式在形容词 afraid，anxious，eager，glad，happy，ready， willing 等后作状语时，to 后的内容常省略。You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to（ answer the question）.如果他没准备好回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。（ 2）在某些使役动词，如：make，let，have 等和感官动词，如：see， watch，notice，observe，hear 等后作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to 不省略。We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. =She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom. （被动语态） 我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。（ 3）并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号 to。但若两个不定 式之间表示对比关系时，不能省略to。He likes to swim more than （to） skate. 比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。 He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.（比较）他认为重要的是学习而不是交朋友。（ 4）当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。此类动词有 agree，afford，expect，forget，hope，know，manage，pretend， remember，refuse，want，wish，would like 等。I would do it for you，but I don’t know how to （do it for you）. 我愿意为你做这件事，但是我不知道怎么去做。（ 5）介词 but，except （除了）前有实义动词 do 的某种形式时，后面 的不定式不带to。All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等着瞧。（ 6）当不定式在 be going to，be able to，have to，ought to，used to 后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to （visit their parents）. 他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。【学法点拨】 （ 1）省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的 have 或 be 的任何形 式时，to 后要保留原形的have 或be。（ 2）类似这样用法的还有动词短语 ought to，be going to，be about to，be supposed to，have to，used to 及形容词glad，happy，pleased， delighted 等。He didn’t come，but he ought to have（come）.他没来，但他应该来。 —Are you a farmer? 你是个农民吗？ —No，but I used to be （a farmer）. 不是，但我过去是。2. 使用so，not 等时的省略在英语中，可以用so，not 或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。—Can you finish your work today?你今天能完成工作吗？ —I think so. 我认为能。—I don’t think so./I think not. 我认为不能。3. 介词的省略（1）一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有： ①have difficulty/trouble（in）doing sth. ②be busy（in）doing sth. ③spend some time（in）doing sth. ④stop/prevent sb.（from） doing sth. The heavy rain prevented him （from） arriving there on time. 大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。（2）表示时间的介词at，on 和in 在next，last，this，these，yesterday， tomorrow，one，any，every，each，some 等词之前时，一般省略。We go to school （on） every day except Sundays. 除星期天外，我们每天都去上学。按要求做题A. There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we had no alternative but to wait. B. We can do nothing but to give up. C. He was noticed to leave the office. D. The city now is much noisier than it used to be. E. My mother wouldn’t let me to go to see the film. （1）以上句子中，加黑部分应省略的是：_____ （2）不能省略的是：_______ BE ACD 完成句子（3）He will go to Beijing tomorrow if he （被允许）. （4）—Did you buy milk? —No， （我本打算买的），but the shop was shut. （5）The workers were （被迫加班）. （6）We have nothing to do now （除了等）. （7）I’m really puzzled （怎么想，怎么说）. （8）—Is he feeling better today? — （恐怕没有好转）. （9）— Tom was injured，or he would have won the race. — （我认为如此）. （10）— Everyone believes the plan is practical. What about you? — （我不这么认为）.is allowed to I had meant tomade to overwork but wait how to think and say I’m afraid not I think so I don’t think so （11）—Do you think he will win the game? — （我希望不）. （12）The teacher （让他 留下来） after school. 补全下列句中省略的词（13）It was quite light and any moment now the sun would rise. （14）There were plenty of empty seats that night. （15）I have some trouble learning English. （16）Parents should pay attention to the cases where their children have difficulty______ adapting to new surroundings. （17）It’s everybody’s desire that every effort be made to reduce the pollution in our city. （18）What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it. I hope not made him stay at onin in should that/in which
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