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2022-2023学年山东省济南市章丘四中高一（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)
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这是一份2022-2023学年山东省济南市章丘四中高一（上）期末英语试卷(含答案解析)，共20页。
2022-2023学年山东省济南市章丘四中高一（上）期末英语试卷
A
The world is full of beauty in every corner.Here are four world's top breathtaking and beautiful travelling destinations （目的地） for you to pay a visit to.
Dominica
Dominica is known as "nature island" for a reason.This tiny Caribbean state，focuses on hot springs and long -distance walking in the rainforest rather than playing on the beach.Boiling Lake，in the Morne Trois Pitons National Park，can be reached by mountainous paths，a body of water that is well worth a visit.
Lake Bled，Slovenia
Lake Bled is one of the largest freshwater lakes on Earth.At its center lies a small island，surrounded by deep blue water.It's no surprise that Lake Bled has developed into one of the hottest destinations in Europe in recent years.Suitable for walking and diving （潜水） adventures，this is a corner of Slovenia that needs to be explored.
Samburu，Kenya
As a hard-to-reach place in the heart of Kenya，Samburu provides a quiet and safe environment，which is good enough for some of Africa's most unique wildlife to live in.The rich grassland of its national nature protection area is home to the endangered giraffe，as well as the pioneering Elephant Watch Camp.
Positano，Italy
Located on Italy's Amalfi Coast，Positano is one of the most beautiful villages in Europe.Famous for its special small gift shops and waterside restaurants，not to mention the Byzantine Church （教堂），it makes for the perfect summer getaway.For divers，with its colorful plants and fish，it's a really perfect place.Make sure to see its full form by taking a boat out from the beach for excellent sunset views.
1. What can a tourist do in Dominica？ ______
A. Explore the nature protection area.
B. Relax themselves at hot springs.
C. Go shopping at the gift shops.
D. Walk on the grassland freely.
2. Which is probably the best place if you' re interested in African animals？ ______
A. Dominica. B. Lake Bled. C. Samburu. D. Positano.
3. What do Lake Bled and Positano have in common？ ______
A. They are both rich in fresh water.
B. They are both great places to go diving.
C. Tourists can enjoy the beautiful sunset.
D. Tourists can visit the unique local church.
B
How would you go without your smartphone? For many of us, our smartphone is the first and last thing we look at every day. We depend on it to perform a number of tasks and connect with our friends and family. But have we become addicted to our phones?
Certainly, the inventor of the first mobile phone, American engineer Martin Cooper, thinks we might be. In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”. But of course, once we start scrolling or watching videos, we just can’t kick the habit. Psychologist Jean Twenge says we feel regret for “checking our phone again and again if we’re waiting for a text or getting really into social media then kind of, looking up and realising that an hour has passed.”
But does it matter if we make the most of this technology? Possibly, because like medicine, the problem appears when it is withdrawn. A study from King’s College London found young people couldn’t control the amount of time they spend on their phone. Such behaviour means that people become “anxious” or “upset” if they are not allowed to be on the phone continuously, which can cause anxiety and mental health problems.
Interestingly, another study by the London School of Economics Science suggests we don’t just look at our phones when we receive text or email messages. The people they studied felt an automatical (自动的) need to check their phone, just as a smoker would light a cigarette.
One solution could be an app that rewards students for time spent away from their phones. Another choice is changing your smartphone to a dumbphone that has none of the things that turn your attention away. But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world!
4. What is Martin Cooper’s attitude to focusing on smartphones?
A. Uncaring. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Unacceptable.
5. What does the underlined word “withdrawn” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Stopped. B. Increased. C. Offered. D. Saved.
6. What is the author’s key suggestion in the last paragraph?
A. Concentrate on studies. B. Get a reward for offline time.
C. Buy a new smartphone. D. Contact with the real world.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Benefits from Smartphones B. Addiction to Smartphones
C. Development of Smartphones D. Disadvantages of Smartphones
C
In the 2010s，34-year-old Brianne Miller travelled around the world and made a surprising discovery：large amounts of plastic littering the water and doing harm to sea life.Miller knew she needed to do something.
Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year.Groups like A Greener Future，which organize litter clean-ups across Canada，think that 33% of what they pick up comes from food packaging.About one third of food produced worldwide goes to waste too，according to a UN study.Miller decided to solve the problem at the source，imagining a shop where both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food no longer existed.
In June 2018，she opened her first zero-waste store in Canada.She named it Nada.Customers can bring their own containers （容器），though it's not necessary：by the front door are quarrels don't go that far.These days，especially in cities，many people live in buildings.Our neighbours are all around us - so what problems can come from that？
The first obvious cause of argument is noise pollution.Loud noise through the walls，construction （施工），or people arguing next door can disturb the silence of your living space.Asking someone directly to turn the music down can cause you to feel anxious.However，if you get someone like a building manager to speak to your neighbour，it can make things more awkward because you didn't speak to your neighbour directly.
And then what about smells？If your neighbour likes eating food with pungent（刺激的） smells，and the smells flow through your window，what can you do？There are some other common problems，such as water running through the wall，pets making noise，and littering from the window above you.These can bring anger over time.
It's not easy living next door to someone，especially if they're noisy.But having a clear and honest conversation might help.Also，try thinking if what you are doing could make your neighbours angry.If it's something that would make you feel bad，maybe think again.
8. Why does the author mention the figures in paragraph 2？ ______
A. To present a fact. B. To provide an example.
C. To explain a topic. D. To make a comparison.
9. What are you advised to do if a neighbor makes too much noise？ ______
A. Turn to the police.
B. Talk to the neighbor directly.
C. Quarrel with the neighbor.
D. Ask the building manager for help.
10. What can we infer about a neighbor's pungent food smells？ ______
A. They provide you pleasure.
B. They open your imagination.
C. They're your neighbor's favorites.
D. They make you uncomfortable.
11. What is the last paragraph mainly about？ ______
A. How to make a neighbor happy.
B. How to deal with a noisy neighbour.
C. How to communicate with a neighbour.
D. How to get along well with a neighbour.
D
World First Aid Day is a global observance that is held every year on the second Saturday in September to make people learn about how first aid can save lives.It was introduced in the year -2000 by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies （IFRC） and has been celebrated each year ever since.Around 100 Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies organize ceremonies and events on this day every year.The theme this year is "First Response to Road Crashes" to focus on the importance of giving first aid to save the lives of people involved in road traffic accidents.
Worldwide，about 2 million people are killed and 50 million are injured in road crashes each year；road accidents are the primary reason for death among young people aged 15 to 29，given that 49% of deaths are pedestrians （行人）.For motorcyclists，wearing a motorcycle helmet can reduce the risk of death in the event of a crash （by up to 40% ） and the chance of a serious injury （by up to 70% ）.Seat belts reduce the risk of death by 45% to 50% for front-seat passengers and up to 75% for rear-seat passengers.Lack of oxygen （or hypoxia） is one of the most common causes of death among traffic accident victims.Road accidents right now rank as the 9th leading cause of death and are expected to climb up to the 7th position by 2030.
To respond to the theme of "First Response to Road Crashes"，the IFRC has a toolkit（软件包） on their website that consists of an interactive quiz，posters，and learning material on first aid in response to a road crash.The learning material lists the "Top 10 Prevention / Simple Actions to help avoid a car crash" and the "Top 10 Action / First Aid actions in case of the road accident".The interactive quiz evaluates （评估） your behaviour on the road.
It is vital that everyone follows simple rules like respecting other people and traffic regulations，fastening seat belts，wearing helmets and high-visibility protective clothing.All these can prevent road crashes.For more information please click here.
12. What can we know about World First Aid Day？ ______
A. It was founded by IFRC.
B. It has a history of 30 years.
C. It is celebrated on the same day each year.
D. It mainly aims to reduce the traffic accidents.
13. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about？ ______
A. Some advice on safe driving.
B. Danger of breaking traffic rules.
C. Some facts about road accidents.
D. First-aid tips for road crashes.
14. What can you do with the toolkit？ ______
A. Assess your car conditions. B. Finish a quiz to win a wards.
C. Design posters about first aid. D. Test your knowledge of first aid.
15. .Where does the text most probably appear？ ______
A. In a newspaper. B. On the Internet.
C. In a magazine. D. In a textbook.
What is the best sleep position for your health？
It's difficult to control what sleeping position we naturally fall into，as our body will subconsciously fall into the most comfortable position for us.However，some positions are better for you than others and some could hold back your health and wellbeing. (1)
If you sleep on your side
More than 60 per cent of people sleep on their side.Often our body naturally moves to this position，which is linked to when we were in the womb in the foetal （胎儿的） position. (2) It offers a number of benefits to your body，from promoting healthy spine alignment （脊椎对齐） which can help to prevent back pain to reducing heartburn and snoring （打鼾）.
If you sleep on your back
Lying on your back is the second most popular sleeping position and offers just as many benefits as side sleeping.When you're sleeping on your back，it's easy to keep alignment and to also evenly distribute your weight. (3)
If you sleep on your stomach
Sleeping on your stomach is the least common sleeping position. (4) And those who sleep on their stomach could put themselves at risk of a less restful night's sleep.The stomach offers the least amount of back support and can increase pressure on the spine which may cause pain once you wake up.
(5) You should consider various factors such as if you snore or suffer sleep problems，or if you often have back and neck pain.Side sleeping has been noted as the best position for the body，so this is probably one to try and get into the habit of trying，but again，it all depends on you.
A.This also helps to prevent any neck and back pain.
B.Sleeping on your side is probably the best position.
C.Side sleeping would be particularly beneficial for older people.
D.There are more negatives to this position compared to positives.
E.Determining the sleeping position for you is personal preference.
F.Here，this article reveals exactly how your sleep position is affecting your health.
G.This is mostly likely because it is one of the most comfortable sleeping positions.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
Many poor children in African struggle on tuition for an education.However，a new school has been asking their pupils to pay for classes with (21).
Every week，students (22)the Akshar School are required to line up and "pay" for their classes using grocery bags(23)at least 25 pieces of plastic waste they(24)from around their homes and communities.Parmita and Mazin，the couple(25)for the new school，were(26)to launch the campaign after witnessing their students being forced to (27)the acrid smell of burning plastic.That's (28)before the school was opened in 2016，local families and communities(29)burned plastic waste as a means of keeping warm and fueling fires.
Now，the plastic is being collected and recycled at the school's own recycling center.The school (30)the trash into Ecobricks by compressing （压缩） about 40 pieces of garbage into a（n）(31)plastic bottle.
Furthermore，the school's older students can work part-time at the center as an additional source of (32).Now the school owns over 100 students(33)the ages of 4 and 15 .Since the school's(34)curriculum has attracted more and more(35)to enroll，the couple plan on opening another 100 schools over the next five years.
21. A. working hours B. farm products C. plastic waste D. burned trash
22. A. leaving B. attending C. finishing D. damaging
23. A. taking in B. spreading out C. attached to D. filled with
24. A. collected B. borrowed C. explored D. counted
25. A. anxious B. grateful C. responsible D. qualified
26. A. changed B. inspired C. prohibited D. recommended
27. A. stand B. enjoy C. observe D. control
28. A. as if B. although C. because D. in case
29. A. consequently B. obviously C. eventually D. commonly
30. A. buries B. removes C. throws D. recycles
31. .
A. single B. straight C. large D. twisted
32. A. income B. credits C. scores D. trash
33. A. of B. at C. between D. from
34. A. efficient B. creative C. skillful D. respected
35. A. teachers B. beggars C. partners D. students
36. In the heart of modern Beijing is the Forbidden City. It served as the political center of ancient China between 1420 and 1912 and now it is (1) world famous museum.
The Forbidden City (2) (build) by Emperor Yongle, the third Ming ruler, (3) moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijng in 1403. Sources say it took a million (4) (worker) to build it between 1406 and 1420. Legend has it that the Forbidden City was redesigned to have 9,999 1/2 rooms. Half a room is missing to avoid (5) (upset) the God of Heaven. The maincolors of the Forbidden City are yellow and red. The walls, doors, and windows were (6) (most) painted in red, a symbol of (7) (happy) in Chinese culture.
The English name "Forbidden City" is a translation of the Chinese name Zijincheng. In the past, it was forbidden to ordinary people and that is (8) the Forbidden City is so named. After the Qing Dynasty, it was made a (9) (nation) museum—the Palace Museum and was open to the public. As one of the world's largest cultural museums, the Palace Museum holds more than a million rare and valuable works of art. So do find a chance (10) (visit) it some day!
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. In the film The Battle at lake Changjin，Qianli Wu s ______ the war fortunately，but many of his friends died of hunger and coldness.
38. After a long period running test，the control system ______（运转） well and runs stably and reliably.
39. F ______ by smoke and noise，the child hides under a bed and is later found dead.
40. New research data from earthquake zones is helping architects to design safer buildings that will not be d ______ during an earthquake.
41. The money was collected for a ______（具体的） purpose.
42. They had to ______（斗争） against all kinds of difficulties.
43. D ______the cold weather，we had a happy weekend.
44. French is not his n ______ tongue though he can speak it fluently.
45. Women in our country enjoy e ______rights with men.
46. The report seeks to r ______ the rise in crime to an increase in unemployment.
47. 你校英文报社举办征文比赛，要求以"My happy family"为主题写一则小故事，描述自己的家庭。请按要求投稿，内容如下：
（1）描述一件你和家人的美好往事；
（2）阐述令你印象深刻的原因。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
______________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由文章Dominica部分中的This tiny Caribbean state，focuses on hot springs and long -distance walking in the rainforest rather than playing on the beach.（这个加勒比海小国的特色是温泉和热带雨林中的长距离散步，而不是在海滩上玩耍。）可知游客在Dominica里可以泡温泉放松自己。所以答案为B项。
（2）细节理解题。由文章Samburu，Kenya部分As a hard-to-reach place in the heart of Kenya，Samburu provides a quiet and safe environment，which is good enough for some of Africa's most unique wildlife to live in.The rich grassland of its national nature protection area is home to the endangered giraffe，as well as the pioneering Elephant Watch Camp.（Samburu位于肯尼亚中部，是一个难以到达的地方，它提供了一个安静而安全的环境，足以让一些非洲最独特的野生动物生活在这里。国家自然保护区的富饶草原是濒临灭绝的长颈鹿的家园，也是开拓性的大象观察营地。）可知如果你对非洲动物感兴趣，Samburu是最好的地方，所以答案为C项。
（3）细节理解题。由文章Lake Bled，Slovenia部分的Suitable for walking and diving adventures，（适合步行和潜水冒险，）和 Positano，Italy部分的For divers，with its colorful plants and fish，it's a really perfect place.（对潜水者来说，这里有五颜六色的植物和鱼类，真是个完美的地方。）可知Lake Bled和Positano都是潜水的好地方，所以答案为B项。
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个世界上最令人惊叹和美丽的旅游目的地的相关信息。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
4~7.【答案】D、A、D、B
【解析】本文是篇议论文。智能手机已经成为人们生活中不可缺少的部分，很多人也都形成了手机依赖症。文章讲述了手机依赖症的特点及产生的问题，并希望人们能够多点时间放下手机，投入到现实世界中来。
1.
根据第二段中的“In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”.(在接受BBC采访时，他建议人们不要再刷手机了，要“享受生活”)”可推知，Martin Cooper不支持人们天天刷手机。故选D。
2.
根据划线词下文“Such behaviour means that people become “anxious” or “upset” if they are not allowed to be on the phone continuously, which can cause anxiety and mental health problems.(这种行为意味着，如果不允许人们持续打电话，他们会变得“焦虑”或“不安”，这可能会导致焦虑和心理健康问题)”可知，划线词所在句意为“有可能，因为就像药物一样，当它被停用时，问题就出现了”，也就是说手机就和药物一样，一直吃药会产生依赖，但一旦停药，身体就会出问题。由此推知，划线词withdrawn与stopped意思接近。故选A。
3.
根据最后一段“But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world!(但最主要的，也许我们只是需要抬头，重新连接到现实世界！)”可知，与现实世界的接触是作者在最后一段的关键建议。故选D。
4.
第一段“ But have we become addicted to our phones?(但是我们已经对手机上瘾了吗？)”提出了文章的主题，下文对这一主题展开了描述，提出了人们对手机上瘾的症状和产生的问题，最后对此提出了建议。由此可知，B. Addiction to Smartphones(智能手机成瘾)适合作本文标题。故选B。
8~11.【答案】D、A、D、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year.Groups like A Greener Future，which organize litter clean-ups across Canada，think that 33% of what they pick up comes from food packaging.About one third of food produced worldwide goes to waste too，according to a UN study.Miller decided to solve the problem at the source，imagining a shop where both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food no longer existed.（加拿大人每年扔掉300万吨塑料垃圾。像"绿色未来"这样在加拿大各地组织垃圾清理的组织认为，他们捡到的垃圾中有33%来自食品包装。联合国的一项研究显示，全球约三分之一的食物也被浪费了。米勒决定从根源上解决这个问题，设想一个商店，在那里浪费的包装和浪费食物的坏习惯都不再存在。）可知，作者在第二段中提到了这些数字是为了通过数据比较，说明来自食品包装的浪费很严重，要从根源上解决这个问题。结合选项，A.To present a fact.为了陈述一个事实；B.To provide an example.为了提供一个例子；C.To explain a topic.为了解释一个话题；D.To make a comparison.为了做一个比较。分析可知，D项符合语义。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四句The first obvious cause of argument is noise pollution.Loud noise through the walls，construction （施工），or people arguing next door can disturb the silence of your living space.Asking someone directly to turn the music down can cause you to feel anxious.However，if you get someone like a building manager to speak to your neighbour，it can make things more awkward because you didn't speak to your neighbour directly.（ 直接要求别人把音乐关小会让你感到焦虑。然而，如果你让一个像大楼经理这样的人去和你的邻居说话，会让事情变得更尴尬，因为你没有直接和你的邻居说话。）可知，如果邻居制造太多噪音，不要直接和邻居交谈，也不要像大楼经理这样的人去和你的邻居说话，故排除B.Talk to the neighbor directly.（直接和邻居交谈）和D.Ask the building manager for help.（向大楼经理求助）；通过常识可知，C.Quarrel with the neighbor.（和邻居吵架）错误；故A.Turn to the police.（向警察救助）正确。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 And then what about smells？If your neighbour likes eating food with pungent（刺激的） smells，and the smells flow through your window，what can you do？There are some other common problems，such as water running through the wall，pets making noise，and littering from the window above you.These can bring anger over time.（那气味呢？如果你的邻居喜欢吃有刺鼻气味的食物，而气味从你的窗户流了进来，你能做什么？还有其他一些常见的问题，比如水从墙里流过，宠物发出噪音，从你上方的窗户扔垃圾。随着时间的推移，这些会带来愤怒。）可知，邻居喜欢刺鼻气味的食物会让人不舒服，时间长了，会让人愤怒。故选D。
（4）段落主旨题。根据最后一段It's not easy living next door to someone，especially if they're noisy.But having a clear and honest conversation might help.Also，try thinking if what you are doing could make your neighbours angry.If it's something that would make you feel bad，maybe think again.（住在别人隔壁并不容易，尤其是他们很吵的时候。但进行一次清晰而诚实的对话可能会有所帮助。另外，试着想想你正在做的事情是否会让你的邻居生气。如果是让你感觉不好的事，那就再想想吧。）可知，本段主要讲述如何与邻居和睦相处。结合选项，A.How to make a neighbor happy.（如何让邻居高兴）；B.How to deal with a noisy neighbour.（如何与吵闹的邻居打交道）；C.How to communicate with a neighbour.（如何与邻居交流）；D.How to get along well with a neighbour.（如何与邻居和睦相处）。分析可知，D项能准确地概括这一段的大意。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了我们应该如何和我们的邻居和睦相处。
做阅读时首先要通读全文，理解文章大意，然后带着问题到原文中找信息句，仔细研究问题和跟问题有关的句子，琢磨其意思，选出正确答案。
12~15.【答案】A、C、D、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据原文第一段It was introduced in the year -2000 by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies （IFRC） and has been celebrated each year ever since.段（2000年，国际红十字会和红新月会联合会（IFRC）推出了这一节日，从那时起每年都会庆祝。）可知世界急救日是由红十字会与红新月会国际联合会创立的。故选A。
（2）段落大意题。根据原文第二段Worldwide，about 2 million people are killed and 50 million are injured in road crashes each year；road accidents are the primary reason for death among young people aged 15 to 29，given that 49% of deaths are pedestrians （行人）.For motorcyclists，wearing a motorcycle helmet can reduce the risk of death in the event of a crash （by up to 40% ） and the chance of a serious injury （by up to 70% ）.Seat belts reduce the risk of death by 45% to 50% for front-seat passengers and up to 75% for rear-seat passengers.Lack of oxygen （or hypoxia） is one of the most common causes of death among traffic accident victims.Road accidents right now rank as the 9th leading cause of death and are expected to climb up to the 7th position by 2030.（在全世界范围内，每年约有200万人死于道路交通事故，5000万人受伤；道路交通事故是15至29岁年轻人死亡的主要原因，因为49%的死亡是行人。对于摩托车手来说，戴上摩托车头盔可以减少碰撞死亡的风险（最高40%）和严重受伤的几率（最高70%）。安全带可以将前排乘客的死亡风险降低45%到50%，将后排乘客的死亡风险降低75%。缺氧是交通事故受害者最常见的死亡原因之一。目前，交通事故是第9大死亡原因，预计到2030年将升至第7位。）可知本段主要介绍每年道路交通事故造成的伤亡，降低死亡率的安全措施等，即关于道路交通事故的一些事实。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据原文倒数第二段To respond to the theme of "First Response to Road Crashes"，the IFRC has a toolkit（ 软 件 包 ） on their website that consists of an interactive quiz，posters，and learning material on first aid in response to a road crash.The learning material lists the "Top 10 Prevention / Simple Actions to help avoid a car crash" and the "Top 10 Action / First Aid actions in case of the road accident".The interactive quiz evaluates （评估） your behaviour on the road.（为了响应"对道路交通事故的第一反应"这一主题，红十字与红新月联会在其网站上设置了一个软 件 包，包括一个互动测验、海报和关于道路交通事故急救的学习材料。学习材料列出了"避免车祸的十大预防/简单行动"和"发生交通意外时的十大行动/急救行动"。互动测试评估你在路上的行为。）可知软 件 包可以帮助检测你在急救方面的知识。故选D。
（4）文章出处题。根据原文最后一段For more information please click here.（更多信息请点击这里。）可知本文来自网络。故选B。
这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界"急救日"的相关情况。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
16~20.【答案】F、B、A、D、E
【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据上文It's difficult to control what sleeping position we naturally fall into，as our body will subconsciously fall into the most comfortable position for us.However，some positions are better for you than others and some could hold back your health and wellbeing. （很难控制我们自然的睡姿，因为我们的身体会下意识地进入最舒适的睡姿。然而，有些姿势比其他姿势更适合你，而有些姿势则会阻碍你的健康和幸福。）结合下文讲述的几种睡眠姿势可知F项"在这里，这篇文章揭示了你的睡眠姿势是如何影响你的健康的。"符合语境，承接上文引起下文。故选F。
（2）细节理解题。根据本段小标题If you sleep on your side以及下文 It offers a number of benefits to your body，from promoting healthy spine alignment （脊椎对齐） which can help to prevent back pain to reducing heartburn and snoring （打鼾）.（它对你的身体有很多好处，从促进脊柱健康，有助于防止背部疼痛，到减少胃灼热和打鼾。）可知本段主要介绍了侧睡以及侧睡的好处，B项"侧卧可能是最好的睡姿。"符合语境。故选B。
（3）联系上文题。根据上文When you're sleeping on your back，it's easy to keep alignment and to also evenly distribute your weight. （当你平躺着睡觉时，很容易保持身体的直线，也很容易均匀地分配你的体重。）可知A项"这也有助于防止颈部和背部疼痛。"符合语境，接着介绍平躺睡觉的好处。故选A。
（4）联系下文题。根据下文And those who sleep on their stomach could put themselves at risk of a less restful night's sleep.The stomach offers the least amount of back support and can increase pressure on the spine which may cause pain once you wake up.（而那些趴着睡的人可能会有夜间睡眠质量较差的风险。胃提供了最少的背部支撑，会增加脊柱的压力，可能会在你醒来时引起疼痛。）可知本段主要介绍趴着睡的坏处，D项"这个位置的负面因素比正面因素多。"符合语境。故选D。
（5）联系下文题。根据下文You should consider various factors such as if you snore or suffer sleep problems，or if you often have back and neck pain.Side sleeping has been noted as the best position for the body，so this is probably one to try and get into the habit of trying，but again，it all depends on you.（你应该考虑各种因素，比如你是否打鼾或有睡眠问题，或者你是否经常有背部和颈部疼痛。侧卧睡姿一直被认为是对身体最好的睡姿，所以这可能是一个可以尝试并养成尝试习惯的睡姿，但这还是取决于你自己。）可知本段主要介绍采用哪种姿势取决于自身，E项"你的睡姿取决于你的个人喜好。"符合语境。故选E。
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了不同的睡眠姿势以及优缺点。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】C、B、D、A、C、B、A、C、D、D、A、A、C、B、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.working hours工作时间；B.farm products农产品；C.plastic waste塑料垃圾；D.burned trash焚烧垃圾。根据下文"pay" for their classes using grocery bags（3）at least 25 pieces of plastic waste they（4）from around their homes and communities可知，学生可以通过捡塑料废品并将其上交这种方式来支付学费。故答案为C。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.leaving离开；B.attending上（学），出席；C.finishing完成；D.damaging破坏。根据空后Akshar School可知，来学校上学的学生都排着队，用捡来的塑料废品"支付"学费。故答案为B。
（3）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.taking in吸收；B.spreading out传播；C.attached to处理；D.filled with填充。根据空后at least 25 pieces of plastic waste可知，袋子里装满了塑料废品。故答案为D。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.collected收集；B.borrowed借；C.explored探索；D.counted数数。根据下文from around their homes and communities可知，学生应从家和社区周边收集至少25份塑料废品。故答案为A。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.anxious焦虑的；B.grateful感激的；C.responsible负责的；D.qualified合格的。这所学校是由一对夫妇负责的，故答案为C。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.changed改变；B.inspired鼓励；C.prohibited阻止；D.recommended推荐。根据下句after witnessing their students being forced to （7）the acrid smell of burning plastic.可知，这对夫妇在目睹了学生被迫闻烧焦塑料的刺鼻气味后受到启发，想建立一个用塑料垃圾支付学费的学校。故答案为B。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.stand忍受；B.enjoy享受；C.observe观察；D.control控制。根据空后the acrid smell of buming plastic可知，孩子们要忍受焚烧塑料所带来的刺鼻气味，故答案为A。
（8）考查连词及语境理解。A.as if好像；B.although尽管；C.because因为；D.in case以免。根据下句burned plastic waste as a means of keeping warm and fueling fires可知，学生被迫闻剌鼻气味是因为当地住户常常通过焚烧塑料废品来取暖生火。故答案为C。
（9）考查副词及语境理解。A.consequently结果；B.obviously明显地；C.eventually最后；D.commonly通常地。这是因为当地住户常常通过焚烧塑料废品来取暖生火。故答案为D。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.buries埋葬；B.removes去除；C.throws扔掉；D.recycles回收。根据上句the plastic is being collected and recycled可知，学校收集完学生带来的垃圾后，再把垃圾进行处理回收。故答案为D。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.single单个的；B.straight笔直的；C.large大的；D.twisted扭曲的。在被加工的塑料废品中，每40 份废品可以做成一个塑料瓶。故答案为A。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.income收入；B.credits信用；C.scores分数；D.trash垃圾。根据上句Furthermore，the school's older students can work part-time at the center可知年纪大些的学生可以在可回收中心做兼职赚钱，将此作为额外收入。故答案为A。
（13）考查介词及语境理解。A.of……的；B.at在某个地方；C.between两者之间；D.from从。现在这所学校有100多名学生，学生的年龄在4岁到15岁之间。between...and...为固定用法，意为"在……和……之间"。故答案为C。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.efficient高效的；B.creative创新的；C.skillful有技能的；D.respected尊敬的。根据空后has attracted more and more（15）to enroll可知学校有很多创新课程吸引了很多学生。故答案为B。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.teachers老师；B.beggars乞丐；C.partners伙伴；D.students学生。根据上句the school's curriculum可知，学校的创新课程吸引着越来越多的学生。故答案为D。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了非洲的学生可以通过捡塑料废品并将其上交这种方式来支付学费。
完形填空题的命题趋势
解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】
a
【小题2】
was built
【小题3】
who
【小题4】
workers
【小题5】
upsetting
【小题6】
mostly
【小题7】
happiness
【小题8】
why
【小题9】
national
【小题10】
to visit
【解析】1. 句意：在1420至1912年间，它都是古代中国的政治中心，现在它是一个全世界闻名的博物馆。分析句意可知，空格处填写冠词a，表示数量“一个”著名博物馆。故填a。
2. 句意：紫禁城由明代第三个皇帝永乐大帝修建，他于1403年把都城从南京搬到北京。分析句意可知，此处谓语动词build“建立”与主语The Forbidden City“紫禁城”构成被动关系，且为过去发生的事，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。
3. 句意：紫禁城由明代第三个皇帝永乐大帝修建，他于1403年把都城从南京搬到北京。分析句意可知，此处需填写连词连接非限定性定语从句，因为先行词为人Emperor Yongle“永乐大帝”，且在从句中作主语，故使用关系代词who。故填who。
4. 句意：资料称1406至1420年间，上百万工人被用来修筑紫禁城。分析句意可知，此处worker“工人”前有量词a million“一百万”修饰，故应该使用复数形式。故填workers。
5. 句意：为了避免上天生气，一半的房子消失了。分析句意可知，avoid“避免”后常接动词的-ing形式作宾语。故填upsetting。
6. 句意：墙壁、门窗都被涂成了红色，是中国文化中幸福的象征。分析句意可知，此处需用副词形式mostly，修饰动词painted。故填mostly。
7. 句意：墙壁、门窗都被涂成了红色，是中国文化中幸福的象征。分析句子可知，此处应填名词happiness“幸福”在句中作介词of的宾语。故填happiness。
8. 句意：过去，紫禁城不对普通大众开放，这就是为什么它被命名为紫禁城。分析句子可知，空格处应填连词连接表语从句，且连词在表语从句中作原因状语，使用why符合语境。故填why。
9. 句意：清朝之后，它被作为一个国家博物馆——故宫博物馆，对公众开放。分析句子可知，此处应填形容词national，作定语修饰名词museum。故填national。
10. 句意：所以哪天一定要找一个机会来参观一下！分析句意可知，此处a chance为抽象名词，后常接不定式作后置定语。故填to visit。
37.【答案】urvived
【解析】根据句意"在电影《长津湖》中，吴千里在战争中幸免于难，但他的许多朋友都死于饥饿和寒冷。"结合首字母，考虑survive"幸存"，因事情已发生，要用一般过去时。
故填：survived。
在电影《长津湖》中，吴千里在战争中幸免于难，但他的许多朋友都死于饥饿和寒冷。
考查首字母填空。准确地翻译句子、理解句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
38.【答案】works/ operates/ functions/ runs
【解析】空处作谓语，根据提示词"运转"，考虑work/ operate/ function/ run，均可用作不及物动词，再根据主语the control system及并列谓语runs可知，此处应用第三人称单数形式。
故填：works/ operates/ functions/ runs。
经过长时间的运行测试，控制系统运转良好，运行稳定可靠。
根据中文拼写单词，首先要理解句意，根据提示拼写单词，分析句子结构使用单词的适当形式，并注意一些固定搭配的应用。
39.【答案】rightened
【解析】根据句意"由于害怕烟雾和噪音，孩子躲在床底下，后来发现他死了。"结合首字母，考虑frighten"害怕"，与child之间是动宾关系，为非谓语动词，用过去分词作状语；因在句首，首字母大写。
故填：Frightened。
由于害怕烟雾和噪音，孩子躲在床底下，后来发现他死了。
考查首字母填空。准确地翻译句子、理解句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
40.【答案】estroyed
【解析】根据句意"来自地震带的最新研究数据正在帮助建筑师设计出在地震中不会被摧毁的更安全的建筑。"结合首字母，考虑destroy"摧毁"，与关系代词that之间是动宾关系，根据句中will not be可知，要用一般将来时的被动语态，其过去分词是destroyed。
故填：destroyed。
来自地震带的最新研究数据正在帮助建筑师设计出在地震中不会被摧毁的更安全的建筑。
考查首字母填空。准确地翻译句子、理解句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
41.【答案】specific
【解析】根据括号内词义，"具体的"可译为specific，形容词specific作定语修饰名词purpose。
故填：specific。
这笔钱是为特定目的而筹集的。
考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
42.【答案】struggle
【解析】根据括号内词义，"斗争"可译为struggle，不定式符号to后接动词原形。
故填：struggle。
他们不得不与各种各样的困难作斗争。
考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
43.【答案】espite
【解析】根据句意，尽管天气很冷，我们还是度过了一个愉快的周末。结合首字母，考虑despite"尽管，即使"，分析句子结构可知此处应填介词，根据句意，此处需要的意思是"尽管"，因为位于句首，首字母要大写。
故填：Despite。
尽管天气很冷，我们还是度过了一个愉快的周末。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
44.【答案】ative
【解析】根据句意，虽然他说得很流利，但法语不是他的母语。结合首字母，考虑native"母语的"，native tongue为固定用法。意为"母语"。
故填：native。
虽然他说得很流利，但法语不是他的母语。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
45.【答案】qual
【解析】根据句意，在我国妇女享有与男子同等的权利。结合首字母，考虑equal"平等的"，根据后面的rights可知应用形容词。
故填：equal。
在我国妇女享有与男子同等的权利。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
46.【答案】elate
【解析】根据句意，报告试图把犯罪率上升和失业增加联系起来。结合首字母及空格前的to可知，此处应填动词原形relate构成relate...to..."把......和......联系起来"。
故填：relate。
报告试图把犯罪率上升和失业增加联系起来。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
47.【答案】There are five people in my family.We live happily together.Many things have happened around us and created many beautiful and loving moments in my memory.
Last weekend，my parents and I happily celebrated my grandpa's birthday.In the morning of this big day，my grandfather and I set out for the park.Considering his age，I accompanied him to the top of the mountain by cable car. 【高分句型一】We couldn't help taking a lot of photos while enjoying the beautiful scenery.When we got home at noon，my parents had prepared a big lunch for us. 【高分句型二】My family enjoyed the meal very happily.（一件和家人的美好往事）
Seeing the smile on my grandpa's face，I was very happy and proud because I did something to express my love for him.（印象深刻的原因）
【解析】高分句型一：Considering his age，I accompanied him to the top of the mountain by cable car.
翻译：考虑到他的年龄，我用缆车陪他到山顶。
分析：运用了现在分词短语作状语。
高分句型二：When we got home at noon，my parents had prepared a big lunch for us.
翻译：当我们中午回到家时，我的父母已经为我们准备了一顿丰盛的午餐。
分析：运用了when引导的时间状语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
2022-2023学年山东省济南市章丘四中高一（上）期末英语试卷
A
The world is full of beauty in every corner.Here are four world's top breathtaking and beautiful travelling destinations （目的地） for you to pay a visit to.
Dominica
Dominica is known as "nature island" for a reason.This tiny Caribbean state，focuses on hot springs and long -distance walking in the rainforest rather than playing on the beach.Boiling Lake，in the Morne Trois Pitons National Park，can be reached by mountainous paths，a body of water that is well worth a visit.
Lake Bled，Slovenia
Lake Bled is one of the largest freshwater lakes on Earth.At its center lies a small island，surrounded by deep blue water.It's no surprise that Lake Bled has developed into one of the hottest destinations in Europe in recent years.Suitable for walking and diving （潜水） adventures，this is a corner of Slovenia that needs to be explored.
Samburu，Kenya
As a hard-to-reach place in the heart of Kenya，Samburu provides a quiet and safe environment，which is good enough for some of Africa's most unique wildlife to live in.The rich grassland of its national nature protection area is home to the endangered giraffe，as well as the pioneering Elephant Watch Camp.
Positano，Italy
Located on Italy's Amalfi Coast，Positano is one of the most beautiful villages in Europe.Famous for its special small gift shops and waterside restaurants，not to mention the Byzantine Church （教堂），it makes for the perfect summer getaway.For divers，with its colorful plants and fish，it's a really perfect place.Make sure to see its full form by taking a boat out from the beach for excellent sunset views.
1. What can a tourist do in Dominica？ ______
A. Explore the nature protection area.
B. Relax themselves at hot springs.
C. Go shopping at the gift shops.
D. Walk on the grassland freely.
2. Which is probably the best place if you' re interested in African animals？ ______
A. Dominica. B. Lake Bled. C. Samburu. D. Positano.
3. What do Lake Bled and Positano have in common？ ______
A. They are both rich in fresh water.
B. They are both great places to go diving.
C. Tourists can enjoy the beautiful sunset.
D. Tourists can visit the unique local church.
B
How would you go without your smartphone? For many of us, our smartphone is the first and last thing we look at every day. We depend on it to perform a number of tasks and connect with our friends and family. But have we become addicted to our phones?
Certainly, the inventor of the first mobile phone, American engineer Martin Cooper, thinks we might be. In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”. But of course, once we start scrolling or watching videos, we just can’t kick the habit. Psychologist Jean Twenge says we feel regret for “checking our phone again and again if we’re waiting for a text or getting really into social media then kind of, looking up and realising that an hour has passed.”
But does it matter if we make the most of this technology? Possibly, because like medicine, the problem appears when it is withdrawn. A study from King’s College London found young people couldn’t control the amount of time they spend on their phone. Such behaviour means that people become “anxious” or “upset” if they are not allowed to be on the phone continuously, which can cause anxiety and mental health problems.
Interestingly, another study by the London School of Economics Science suggests we don’t just look at our phones when we receive text or email messages. The people they studied felt an automatical (自动的) need to check their phone, just as a smoker would light a cigarette.
One solution could be an app that rewards students for time spent away from their phones. Another choice is changing your smartphone to a dumbphone that has none of the things that turn your attention away. But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world!
4. What is Martin Cooper’s attitude to focusing on smartphones?
A. Uncaring. B. Doubtful. C. Unclear. D. Unacceptable.
5. What does the underlined word “withdrawn” in paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Stopped. B. Increased. C. Offered. D. Saved.
6. What is the author’s key suggestion in the last paragraph?
A. Concentrate on studies. B. Get a reward for offline time.
C. Buy a new smartphone. D. Contact with the real world.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Benefits from Smartphones B. Addiction to Smartphones
C. Development of Smartphones D. Disadvantages of Smartphones
C
In the 2010s，34-year-old Brianne Miller travelled around the world and made a surprising discovery：large amounts of plastic littering the water and doing harm to sea life.Miller knew she needed to do something.
Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year.Groups like A Greener Future，which organize litter clean-ups across Canada，think that 33% of what they pick up comes from food packaging.About one third of food produced worldwide goes to waste too，according to a UN study.Miller decided to solve the problem at the source，imagining a shop where both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food no longer existed.
In June 2018，she opened her first zero-waste store in Canada.She named it Nada.Customers can bring their own containers （容器），though it's not necessary：by the front door are quarrels don't go that far.These days，especially in cities，many people live in buildings.Our neighbours are all around us - so what problems can come from that？
The first obvious cause of argument is noise pollution.Loud noise through the walls，construction （施工），or people arguing next door can disturb the silence of your living space.Asking someone directly to turn the music down can cause you to feel anxious.However，if you get someone like a building manager to speak to your neighbour，it can make things more awkward because you didn't speak to your neighbour directly.
And then what about smells？If your neighbour likes eating food with pungent（刺激的） smells，and the smells flow through your window，what can you do？There are some other common problems，such as water running through the wall，pets making noise，and littering from the window above you.These can bring anger over time.
It's not easy living next door to someone，especially if they're noisy.But having a clear and honest conversation might help.Also，try thinking if what you are doing could make your neighbours angry.If it's something that would make you feel bad，maybe think again.
8. Why does the author mention the figures in paragraph 2？ ______
A. To present a fact. B. To provide an example.
C. To explain a topic. D. To make a comparison.
9. What are you advised to do if a neighbor makes too much noise？ ______
A. Turn to the police.
B. Talk to the neighbor directly.
C. Quarrel with the neighbor.
D. Ask the building manager for help.
10. What can we infer about a neighbor's pungent food smells？ ______
A. They provide you pleasure.
B. They open your imagination.
C. They're your neighbor's favorites.
D. They make you uncomfortable.
11. What is the last paragraph mainly about？ ______
A. How to make a neighbor happy.
B. How to deal with a noisy neighbour.
C. How to communicate with a neighbour.
D. How to get along well with a neighbour.
D
World First Aid Day is a global observance that is held every year on the second Saturday in September to make people learn about how first aid can save lives.It was introduced in the year -2000 by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies （IFRC） and has been celebrated each year ever since.Around 100 Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies organize ceremonies and events on this day every year.The theme this year is "First Response to Road Crashes" to focus on the importance of giving first aid to save the lives of people involved in road traffic accidents.
Worldwide，about 2 million people are killed and 50 million are injured in road crashes each year；road accidents are the primary reason for death among young people aged 15 to 29，given that 49% of deaths are pedestrians （行人）.For motorcyclists，wearing a motorcycle helmet can reduce the risk of death in the event of a crash （by up to 40% ） and the chance of a serious injury （by up to 70% ）.Seat belts reduce the risk of death by 45% to 50% for front-seat passengers and up to 75% for rear-seat passengers.Lack of oxygen （or hypoxia） is one of the most common causes of death among traffic accident victims.Road accidents right now rank as the 9th leading cause of death and are expected to climb up to the 7th position by 2030.
To respond to the theme of "First Response to Road Crashes"，the IFRC has a toolkit（软件包） on their website that consists of an interactive quiz，posters，and learning material on first aid in response to a road crash.The learning material lists the "Top 10 Prevention / Simple Actions to help avoid a car crash" and the "Top 10 Action / First Aid actions in case of the road accident".The interactive quiz evaluates （评估） your behaviour on the road.
It is vital that everyone follows simple rules like respecting other people and traffic regulations，fastening seat belts，wearing helmets and high-visibility protective clothing.All these can prevent road crashes.For more information please click here.
12. What can we know about World First Aid Day？ ______
A. It was founded by IFRC.
B. It has a history of 30 years.
C. It is celebrated on the same day each year.
D. It mainly aims to reduce the traffic accidents.
13. What does the second paragraph mainly talk about？ ______
A. Some advice on safe driving.
B. Danger of breaking traffic rules.
C. Some facts about road accidents.
D. First-aid tips for road crashes.
14. What can you do with the toolkit？ ______
A. Assess your car conditions. B. Finish a quiz to win a wards.
C. Design posters about first aid. D. Test your knowledge of first aid.
15. .Where does the text most probably appear？ ______
A. In a newspaper. B. On the Internet.
C. In a magazine. D. In a textbook.
What is the best sleep position for your health？
It's difficult to control what sleeping position we naturally fall into，as our body will subconsciously fall into the most comfortable position for us.However，some positions are better for you than others and some could hold back your health and wellbeing. (1)
If you sleep on your side
More than 60 per cent of people sleep on their side.Often our body naturally moves to this position，which is linked to when we were in the womb in the foetal （胎儿的） position. (2) It offers a number of benefits to your body，from promoting healthy spine alignment （脊椎对齐） which can help to prevent back pain to reducing heartburn and snoring （打鼾）.
If you sleep on your back
Lying on your back is the second most popular sleeping position and offers just as many benefits as side sleeping.When you're sleeping on your back，it's easy to keep alignment and to also evenly distribute your weight. (3)
If you sleep on your stomach
Sleeping on your stomach is the least common sleeping position. (4) And those who sleep on their stomach could put themselves at risk of a less restful night's sleep.The stomach offers the least amount of back support and can increase pressure on the spine which may cause pain once you wake up.
(5) You should consider various factors such as if you snore or suffer sleep problems，or if you often have back and neck pain.Side sleeping has been noted as the best position for the body，so this is probably one to try and get into the habit of trying，but again，it all depends on you.
A.This also helps to prevent any neck and back pain.
B.Sleeping on your side is probably the best position.
C.Side sleeping would be particularly beneficial for older people.
D.There are more negatives to this position compared to positives.
E.Determining the sleeping position for you is personal preference.
F.Here，this article reveals exactly how your sleep position is affecting your health.
G.This is mostly likely because it is one of the most comfortable sleeping positions.
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
Many poor children in African struggle on tuition for an education.However，a new school has been asking their pupils to pay for classes with (21).
Every week，students (22)the Akshar School are required to line up and "pay" for their classes using grocery bags(23)at least 25 pieces of plastic waste they(24)from around their homes and communities.Parmita and Mazin，the couple(25)for the new school，were(26)to launch the campaign after witnessing their students being forced to (27)the acrid smell of burning plastic.That's (28)before the school was opened in 2016，local families and communities(29)burned plastic waste as a means of keeping warm and fueling fires.
Now，the plastic is being collected and recycled at the school's own recycling center.The school (30)the trash into Ecobricks by compressing （压缩） about 40 pieces of garbage into a（n）(31)plastic bottle.
Furthermore，the school's older students can work part-time at the center as an additional source of (32).Now the school owns over 100 students(33)the ages of 4 and 15 .Since the school's(34)curriculum has attracted more and more(35)to enroll，the couple plan on opening another 100 schools over the next five years.
21. A. working hours B. farm products C. plastic waste D. burned trash
22. A. leaving B. attending C. finishing D. damaging
23. A. taking in B. spreading out C. attached to D. filled with
24. A. collected B. borrowed C. explored D. counted
25. A. anxious B. grateful C. responsible D. qualified
26. A. changed B. inspired C. prohibited D. recommended
27. A. stand B. enjoy C. observe D. control
28. A. as if B. although C. because D. in case
29. A. consequently B. obviously C. eventually D. commonly
30. A. buries B. removes C. throws D. recycles
31. .
A. single B. straight C. large D. twisted
32. A. income B. credits C. scores D. trash
33. A. of B. at C. between D. from
34. A. efficient B. creative C. skillful D. respected
35. A. teachers B. beggars C. partners D. students
36. In the heart of modern Beijing is the Forbidden City. It served as the political center of ancient China between 1420 and 1912 and now it is (1) world famous museum.
The Forbidden City (2) (build) by Emperor Yongle, the third Ming ruler, (3) moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijng in 1403. Sources say it took a million (4) (worker) to build it between 1406 and 1420. Legend has it that the Forbidden City was redesigned to have 9,999 1/2 rooms. Half a room is missing to avoid (5) (upset) the God of Heaven. The maincolors of the Forbidden City are yellow and red. The walls, doors, and windows were (6) (most) painted in red, a symbol of (7) (happy) in Chinese culture.
The English name "Forbidden City" is a translation of the Chinese name Zijincheng. In the past, it was forbidden to ordinary people and that is (8) the Forbidden City is so named. After the Qing Dynasty, it was made a (9) (nation) museum—the Palace Museum and was open to the public. As one of the world's largest cultural museums, the Palace Museum holds more than a million rare and valuable works of art. So do find a chance (10) (visit) it some day!
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
37. In the film The Battle at lake Changjin，Qianli Wu s ______ the war fortunately，but many of his friends died of hunger and coldness.
38. After a long period running test，the control system ______（运转） well and runs stably and reliably.
39. F ______ by smoke and noise，the child hides under a bed and is later found dead.
40. New research data from earthquake zones is helping architects to design safer buildings that will not be d ______ during an earthquake.
41. The money was collected for a ______（具体的） purpose.
42. They had to ______（斗争） against all kinds of difficulties.
43. D ______the cold weather，we had a happy weekend.
44. French is not his n ______ tongue though he can speak it fluently.
45. Women in our country enjoy e ______rights with men.
46. The report seeks to r ______ the rise in crime to an increase in unemployment.
47. 你校英文报社举办征文比赛，要求以"My happy family"为主题写一则小故事，描述自己的家庭。请按要求投稿，内容如下：
（1）描述一件你和家人的美好往事；
（2）阐述令你印象深刻的原因。
注意：写作词数应为80左右。
______________________
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、C、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。由文章Dominica部分中的This tiny Caribbean state，focuses on hot springs and long -distance walking in the rainforest rather than playing on the beach.（这个加勒比海小国的特色是温泉和热带雨林中的长距离散步，而不是在海滩上玩耍。）可知游客在Dominica里可以泡温泉放松自己。所以答案为B项。
（2）细节理解题。由文章Samburu，Kenya部分As a hard-to-reach place in the heart of Kenya，Samburu provides a quiet and safe environment，which is good enough for some of Africa's most unique wildlife to live in.The rich grassland of its national nature protection area is home to the endangered giraffe，as well as the pioneering Elephant Watch Camp.（Samburu位于肯尼亚中部，是一个难以到达的地方，它提供了一个安静而安全的环境，足以让一些非洲最独特的野生动物生活在这里。国家自然保护区的富饶草原是濒临灭绝的长颈鹿的家园，也是开拓性的大象观察营地。）可知如果你对非洲动物感兴趣，Samburu是最好的地方，所以答案为C项。
（3）细节理解题。由文章Lake Bled，Slovenia部分的Suitable for walking and diving adventures，（适合步行和潜水冒险，）和 Positano，Italy部分的For divers，with its colorful plants and fish，it's a really perfect place.（对潜水者来说，这里有五颜六色的植物和鱼类，真是个完美的地方。）可知Lake Bled和Positano都是潜水的好地方，所以答案为B项。
本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了四个世界上最令人惊叹和美丽的旅游目的地的相关信息。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
4~7.【答案】D、A、D、B
【解析】本文是篇议论文。智能手机已经成为人们生活中不可缺少的部分，很多人也都形成了手机依赖症。文章讲述了手机依赖症的特点及产生的问题，并希望人们能够多点时间放下手机，投入到现实世界中来。
1.
根据第二段中的“In a BBC interview, he suggested people quit scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”.(在接受BBC采访时，他建议人们不要再刷手机了，要“享受生活”)”可推知，Martin Cooper不支持人们天天刷手机。故选D。
2.
根据划线词下文“Such behaviour means that people become “anxious” or “upset” if they are not allowed to be on the phone continuously, which can cause anxiety and mental health problems.(这种行为意味着，如果不允许人们持续打电话，他们会变得“焦虑”或“不安”，这可能会导致焦虑和心理健康问题)”可知，划线词所在句意为“有可能，因为就像药物一样，当它被停用时，问题就出现了”，也就是说手机就和药物一样，一直吃药会产生依赖，但一旦停药，身体就会出问题。由此推知，划线词withdrawn与stopped意思接近。故选A。
3.
根据最后一段“But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world!(但最主要的，也许我们只是需要抬头，重新连接到现实世界！)”可知，与现实世界的接触是作者在最后一段的关键建议。故选D。
4.
第一段“ But have we become addicted to our phones?(但是我们已经对手机上瘾了吗？)”提出了文章的主题，下文对这一主题展开了描述，提出了人们对手机上瘾的症状和产生的问题，最后对此提出了建议。由此可知，B. Addiction to Smartphones(智能手机成瘾)适合作本文标题。故选B。
8~11.【答案】D、A、D、D
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第二段Canadians throw out three million tons of plastic waste each year.Groups like A Greener Future，which organize litter clean-ups across Canada，think that 33% of what they pick up comes from food packaging.About one third of food produced worldwide goes to waste too，according to a UN study.Miller decided to solve the problem at the source，imagining a shop where both wasteful packaging and the bad habit of wasting food no longer existed.（加拿大人每年扔掉300万吨塑料垃圾。像"绿色未来"这样在加拿大各地组织垃圾清理的组织认为，他们捡到的垃圾中有33%来自食品包装。联合国的一项研究显示，全球约三分之一的食物也被浪费了。米勒决定从根源上解决这个问题，设想一个商店，在那里浪费的包装和浪费食物的坏习惯都不再存在。）可知，作者在第二段中提到了这些数字是为了通过数据比较，说明来自食品包装的浪费很严重，要从根源上解决这个问题。结合选项，A.To present a fact.为了陈述一个事实；B.To provide an example.为了提供一个例子；C.To explain a topic.为了解释一个话题；D.To make a comparison.为了做一个比较。分析可知，D项符合语义。故选D。
（2）细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四句The first obvious cause of argument is noise pollution.Loud noise through the walls，construction （施工），or people arguing next door can disturb the silence of your living space.Asking someone directly to turn the music down can cause you to feel anxious.However，if you get someone like a building manager to speak to your neighbour，it can make things more awkward because you didn't speak to your neighbour directly.（ 直接要求别人把音乐关小会让你感到焦虑。然而，如果你让一个像大楼经理这样的人去和你的邻居说话，会让事情变得更尴尬，因为你没有直接和你的邻居说话。）可知，如果邻居制造太多噪音，不要直接和邻居交谈，也不要像大楼经理这样的人去和你的邻居说话，故排除B.Talk to the neighbor directly.（直接和邻居交谈）和D.Ask the building manager for help.（向大楼经理求助）；通过常识可知，C.Quarrel with the neighbor.（和邻居吵架）错误；故A.Turn to the police.（向警察救助）正确。故选A。
（3）推理判断题。根据倒数第二段 And then what about smells？If your neighbour likes eating food with pungent（刺激的） smells，and the smells flow through your window，what can you do？There are some other common problems，such as water running through the wall，pets making noise，and littering from the window above you.These can bring anger over time.（那气味呢？如果你的邻居喜欢吃有刺鼻气味的食物，而气味从你的窗户流了进来，你能做什么？还有其他一些常见的问题，比如水从墙里流过，宠物发出噪音，从你上方的窗户扔垃圾。随着时间的推移，这些会带来愤怒。）可知，邻居喜欢刺鼻气味的食物会让人不舒服，时间长了，会让人愤怒。故选D。
（4）段落主旨题。根据最后一段It's not easy living next door to someone，especially if they're noisy.But having a clear and honest conversation might help.Also，try thinking if what you are doing could make your neighbours angry.If it's something that would make you feel bad，maybe think again.（住在别人隔壁并不容易，尤其是他们很吵的时候。但进行一次清晰而诚实的对话可能会有所帮助。另外，试着想想你正在做的事情是否会让你的邻居生气。如果是让你感觉不好的事，那就再想想吧。）可知，本段主要讲述如何与邻居和睦相处。结合选项，A.How to make a neighbor happy.（如何让邻居高兴）；B.How to deal with a noisy neighbour.（如何与吵闹的邻居打交道）；C.How to communicate with a neighbour.（如何与邻居交流）；D.How to get along well with a neighbour.（如何与邻居和睦相处）。分析可知，D项能准确地概括这一段的大意。故选D。
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了我们应该如何和我们的邻居和睦相处。
做阅读时首先要通读全文，理解文章大意，然后带着问题到原文中找信息句，仔细研究问题和跟问题有关的句子，琢磨其意思，选出正确答案。
12~15.【答案】A、C、D、B
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据原文第一段It was introduced in the year -2000 by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies （IFRC） and has been celebrated each year ever since.段（2000年，国际红十字会和红新月会联合会（IFRC）推出了这一节日，从那时起每年都会庆祝。）可知世界急救日是由红十字会与红新月会国际联合会创立的。故选A。
（2）段落大意题。根据原文第二段Worldwide，about 2 million people are killed and 50 million are injured in road crashes each year；road accidents are the primary reason for death among young people aged 15 to 29，given that 49% of deaths are pedestrians （行人）.For motorcyclists，wearing a motorcycle helmet can reduce the risk of death in the event of a crash （by up to 40% ） and the chance of a serious injury （by up to 70% ）.Seat belts reduce the risk of death by 45% to 50% for front-seat passengers and up to 75% for rear-seat passengers.Lack of oxygen （or hypoxia） is one of the most common causes of death among traffic accident victims.Road accidents right now rank as the 9th leading cause of death and are expected to climb up to the 7th position by 2030.（在全世界范围内，每年约有200万人死于道路交通事故，5000万人受伤；道路交通事故是15至29岁年轻人死亡的主要原因，因为49%的死亡是行人。对于摩托车手来说，戴上摩托车头盔可以减少碰撞死亡的风险（最高40%）和严重受伤的几率（最高70%）。安全带可以将前排乘客的死亡风险降低45%到50%，将后排乘客的死亡风险降低75%。缺氧是交通事故受害者最常见的死亡原因之一。目前，交通事故是第9大死亡原因，预计到2030年将升至第7位。）可知本段主要介绍每年道路交通事故造成的伤亡，降低死亡率的安全措施等，即关于道路交通事故的一些事实。故选C。
（3）细节理解题。根据原文倒数第二段To respond to the theme of "First Response to Road Crashes"，the IFRC has a toolkit（ 软 件 包 ） on their website that consists of an interactive quiz，posters，and learning material on first aid in response to a road crash.The learning material lists the "Top 10 Prevention / Simple Actions to help avoid a car crash" and the "Top 10 Action / First Aid actions in case of the road accident".The interactive quiz evaluates （评估） your behaviour on the road.（为了响应"对道路交通事故的第一反应"这一主题，红十字与红新月联会在其网站上设置了一个软 件 包，包括一个互动测验、海报和关于道路交通事故急救的学习材料。学习材料列出了"避免车祸的十大预防/简单行动"和"发生交通意外时的十大行动/急救行动"。互动测试评估你在路上的行为。）可知软 件 包可以帮助检测你在急救方面的知识。故选D。
（4）文章出处题。根据原文最后一段For more information please click here.（更多信息请点击这里。）可知本文来自网络。故选B。
这是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界"急救日"的相关情况。
阅读理解解题步骤：首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意，因为阅读理解题一般没有标题，所以，速读全文，抓住中心主旨很有必要，在速读的过程中，应尽可能多地捕获信息材料；其次细读题材，各个击破，掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读每篇材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息，要善于抓住每段的主题句，阅读时，要有较强的针对性，对于捕获到的信息，要做认真分析，仔细推敲，理解透彻，只有这样，针对题目要求，才能做到稳、准。
16~20.【答案】F、B、A、D、E
【解析】（1）联系上文题。根据上文It's difficult to control what sleeping position we naturally fall into，as our body will subconsciously fall into the most comfortable position for us.However，some positions are better for you than others and some could hold back your health and wellbeing. （很难控制我们自然的睡姿，因为我们的身体会下意识地进入最舒适的睡姿。然而，有些姿势比其他姿势更适合你，而有些姿势则会阻碍你的健康和幸福。）结合下文讲述的几种睡眠姿势可知F项"在这里，这篇文章揭示了你的睡眠姿势是如何影响你的健康的。"符合语境，承接上文引起下文。故选F。
（2）细节理解题。根据本段小标题If you sleep on your side以及下文 It offers a number of benefits to your body，from promoting healthy spine alignment （脊椎对齐） which can help to prevent back pain to reducing heartburn and snoring （打鼾）.（它对你的身体有很多好处，从促进脊柱健康，有助于防止背部疼痛，到减少胃灼热和打鼾。）可知本段主要介绍了侧睡以及侧睡的好处，B项"侧卧可能是最好的睡姿。"符合语境。故选B。
（3）联系上文题。根据上文When you're sleeping on your back，it's easy to keep alignment and to also evenly distribute your weight. （当你平躺着睡觉时，很容易保持身体的直线，也很容易均匀地分配你的体重。）可知A项"这也有助于防止颈部和背部疼痛。"符合语境，接着介绍平躺睡觉的好处。故选A。
（4）联系下文题。根据下文And those who sleep on their stomach could put themselves at risk of a less restful night's sleep.The stomach offers the least amount of back support and can increase pressure on the spine which may cause pain once you wake up.（而那些趴着睡的人可能会有夜间睡眠质量较差的风险。胃提供了最少的背部支撑，会增加脊柱的压力，可能会在你醒来时引起疼痛。）可知本段主要介绍趴着睡的坏处，D项"这个位置的负面因素比正面因素多。"符合语境。故选D。
（5）联系下文题。根据下文You should consider various factors such as if you snore or suffer sleep problems，or if you often have back and neck pain.Side sleeping has been noted as the best position for the body，so this is probably one to try and get into the habit of trying，but again，it all depends on you.（你应该考虑各种因素，比如你是否打鼾或有睡眠问题，或者你是否经常有背部和颈部疼痛。侧卧睡姿一直被认为是对身体最好的睡姿，所以这可能是一个可以尝试并养成尝试习惯的睡姿，但这还是取决于你自己。）可知本段主要介绍采用哪种姿势取决于自身，E项"你的睡姿取决于你的个人喜好。"符合语境。故选E。
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了不同的睡眠姿势以及优缺点。
七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句子。解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相近的词），选出最符合语境的句子。
21~35.【答案】C、B、D、A、C、B、A、C、D、D、A、A、C、B、D
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.working hours工作时间；B.farm products农产品；C.plastic waste塑料垃圾；D.burned trash焚烧垃圾。根据下文"pay" for their classes using grocery bags（3）at least 25 pieces of plastic waste they（4）from around their homes and communities可知，学生可以通过捡塑料废品并将其上交这种方式来支付学费。故答案为C。
（2）考查动词及语境理解。A.leaving离开；B.attending上（学），出席；C.finishing完成；D.damaging破坏。根据空后Akshar School可知，来学校上学的学生都排着队，用捡来的塑料废品"支付"学费。故答案为B。
（3）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.taking in吸收；B.spreading out传播；C.attached to处理；D.filled with填充。根据空后at least 25 pieces of plastic waste可知，袋子里装满了塑料废品。故答案为D。
（4）考查动词及语境理解。A.collected收集；B.borrowed借；C.explored探索；D.counted数数。根据下文from around their homes and communities可知，学生应从家和社区周边收集至少25份塑料废品。故答案为A。
（5）考查形容词及语境理解。A.anxious焦虑的；B.grateful感激的；C.responsible负责的；D.qualified合格的。这所学校是由一对夫妇负责的，故答案为C。
（6）考查动词及语境理解。A.changed改变；B.inspired鼓励；C.prohibited阻止；D.recommended推荐。根据下句after witnessing their students being forced to （7）the acrid smell of burning plastic.可知，这对夫妇在目睹了学生被迫闻烧焦塑料的刺鼻气味后受到启发，想建立一个用塑料垃圾支付学费的学校。故答案为B。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.stand忍受；B.enjoy享受；C.observe观察；D.control控制。根据空后the acrid smell of buming plastic可知，孩子们要忍受焚烧塑料所带来的刺鼻气味，故答案为A。
（8）考查连词及语境理解。A.as if好像；B.although尽管；C.because因为；D.in case以免。根据下句burned plastic waste as a means of keeping warm and fueling fires可知，学生被迫闻剌鼻气味是因为当地住户常常通过焚烧塑料废品来取暖生火。故答案为C。
（9）考查副词及语境理解。A.consequently结果；B.obviously明显地；C.eventually最后；D.commonly通常地。这是因为当地住户常常通过焚烧塑料废品来取暖生火。故答案为D。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.buries埋葬；B.removes去除；C.throws扔掉；D.recycles回收。根据上句the plastic is being collected and recycled可知，学校收集完学生带来的垃圾后，再把垃圾进行处理回收。故答案为D。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.single单个的；B.straight笔直的；C.large大的；D.twisted扭曲的。在被加工的塑料废品中，每40 份废品可以做成一个塑料瓶。故答案为A。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.income收入；B.credits信用；C.scores分数；D.trash垃圾。根据上句Furthermore，the school's older students can work part-time at the center可知年纪大些的学生可以在可回收中心做兼职赚钱，将此作为额外收入。故答案为A。
（13）考查介词及语境理解。A.of……的；B.at在某个地方；C.between两者之间；D.from从。现在这所学校有100多名学生，学生的年龄在4岁到15岁之间。between...and...为固定用法，意为"在……和……之间"。故答案为C。
（14）考查形容词及语境理解。A.efficient高效的；B.creative创新的；C.skillful有技能的；D.respected尊敬的。根据空后has attracted more and more（15）to enroll可知学校有很多创新课程吸引了很多学生。故答案为B。
（15）考查名词及语境理解。A.teachers老师；B.beggars乞丐；C.partners伙伴；D.students学生。根据上句the school's curriculum可知，学校的创新课程吸引着越来越多的学生。故答案为D。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了非洲的学生可以通过捡塑料废品并将其上交这种方式来支付学费。
完形填空题的命题趋势
解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
36.【答案】【小题1】
a
【小题2】
was built
【小题3】
who
【小题4】
workers
【小题5】
upsetting
【小题6】
mostly
【小题7】
happiness
【小题8】
why
【小题9】
national
【小题10】
to visit
【解析】1. 句意：在1420至1912年间，它都是古代中国的政治中心，现在它是一个全世界闻名的博物馆。分析句意可知，空格处填写冠词a，表示数量“一个”著名博物馆。故填a。
2. 句意：紫禁城由明代第三个皇帝永乐大帝修建，他于1403年把都城从南京搬到北京。分析句意可知，此处谓语动词build“建立”与主语The Forbidden City“紫禁城”构成被动关系，且为过去发生的事，故使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。
3. 句意：紫禁城由明代第三个皇帝永乐大帝修建，他于1403年把都城从南京搬到北京。分析句意可知，此处需填写连词连接非限定性定语从句，因为先行词为人Emperor Yongle“永乐大帝”，且在从句中作主语，故使用关系代词who。故填who。
4. 句意：资料称1406至1420年间，上百万工人被用来修筑紫禁城。分析句意可知，此处worker“工人”前有量词a million“一百万”修饰，故应该使用复数形式。故填workers。
5. 句意：为了避免上天生气，一半的房子消失了。分析句意可知，avoid“避免”后常接动词的-ing形式作宾语。故填upsetting。
6. 句意：墙壁、门窗都被涂成了红色，是中国文化中幸福的象征。分析句意可知，此处需用副词形式mostly，修饰动词painted。故填mostly。
7. 句意：墙壁、门窗都被涂成了红色，是中国文化中幸福的象征。分析句子可知，此处应填名词happiness“幸福”在句中作介词of的宾语。故填happiness。
8. 句意：过去，紫禁城不对普通大众开放，这就是为什么它被命名为紫禁城。分析句子可知，空格处应填连词连接表语从句，且连词在表语从句中作原因状语，使用why符合语境。故填why。
9. 句意：清朝之后，它被作为一个国家博物馆——故宫博物馆，对公众开放。分析句子可知，此处应填形容词national，作定语修饰名词museum。故填national。
10. 句意：所以哪天一定要找一个机会来参观一下！分析句意可知，此处a chance为抽象名词，后常接不定式作后置定语。故填to visit。
37.【答案】urvived
【解析】根据句意"在电影《长津湖》中，吴千里在战争中幸免于难，但他的许多朋友都死于饥饿和寒冷。"结合首字母，考虑survive"幸存"，因事情已发生，要用一般过去时。
故填：survived。
在电影《长津湖》中，吴千里在战争中幸免于难，但他的许多朋友都死于饥饿和寒冷。
考查首字母填空。准确地翻译句子、理解句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
38.【答案】works/ operates/ functions/ runs
【解析】空处作谓语，根据提示词"运转"，考虑work/ operate/ function/ run，均可用作不及物动词，再根据主语the control system及并列谓语runs可知，此处应用第三人称单数形式。
故填：works/ operates/ functions/ runs。
经过长时间的运行测试，控制系统运转良好，运行稳定可靠。
根据中文拼写单词，首先要理解句意，根据提示拼写单词，分析句子结构使用单词的适当形式，并注意一些固定搭配的应用。
39.【答案】rightened
【解析】根据句意"由于害怕烟雾和噪音，孩子躲在床底下，后来发现他死了。"结合首字母，考虑frighten"害怕"，与child之间是动宾关系，为非谓语动词，用过去分词作状语；因在句首，首字母大写。
故填：Frightened。
由于害怕烟雾和噪音，孩子躲在床底下，后来发现他死了。
考查首字母填空。准确地翻译句子、理解句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
40.【答案】estroyed
【解析】根据句意"来自地震带的最新研究数据正在帮助建筑师设计出在地震中不会被摧毁的更安全的建筑。"结合首字母，考虑destroy"摧毁"，与关系代词that之间是动宾关系，根据句中will not be可知，要用一般将来时的被动语态，其过去分词是destroyed。
故填：destroyed。
来自地震带的最新研究数据正在帮助建筑师设计出在地震中不会被摧毁的更安全的建筑。
考查首字母填空。准确地翻译句子、理解句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺。
41.【答案】specific
【解析】根据括号内词义，"具体的"可译为specific，形容词specific作定语修饰名词purpose。
故填：specific。
这笔钱是为特定目的而筹集的。
考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
42.【答案】struggle
【解析】根据括号内词义，"斗争"可译为struggle，不定式符号to后接动词原形。
故填：struggle。
他们不得不与各种各样的困难作斗争。
考查翻译填空，准确地理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示确定所填单词词性，正确写出单词完成句子，使句意更通顺。
43.【答案】espite
【解析】根据句意，尽管天气很冷，我们还是度过了一个愉快的周末。结合首字母，考虑despite"尽管，即使"，分析句子结构可知此处应填介词，根据句意，此处需要的意思是"尽管"，因为位于句首，首字母要大写。
故填：Despite。
尽管天气很冷，我们还是度过了一个愉快的周末。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
44.【答案】ative
【解析】根据句意，虽然他说得很流利，但法语不是他的母语。结合首字母，考虑native"母语的"，native tongue为固定用法。意为"母语"。
故填：native。
虽然他说得很流利，但法语不是他的母语。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
45.【答案】qual
【解析】根据句意，在我国妇女享有与男子同等的权利。结合首字母，考虑equal"平等的"，根据后面的rights可知应用形容词。
故填：equal。
在我国妇女享有与男子同等的权利。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
46.【答案】elate
【解析】根据句意，报告试图把犯罪率上升和失业增加联系起来。结合首字母及空格前的to可知，此处应填动词原形relate构成relate...to..."把......和......联系起来"。
故填：relate。
报告试图把犯罪率上升和失业增加联系起来。
对于根据首字母填空这种题，要分析句子意思，再从结构上和意义上对答案进行确定。
47.【答案】There are five people in my family.We live happily together.Many things have happened around us and created many beautiful and loving moments in my memory.
Last weekend，my parents and I happily celebrated my grandpa's birthday.In the morning of this big day，my grandfather and I set out for the park.Considering his age，I accompanied him to the top of the mountain by cable car. 【高分句型一】We couldn't help taking a lot of photos while enjoying the beautiful scenery.When we got home at noon，my parents had prepared a big lunch for us. 【高分句型二】My family enjoyed the meal very happily.（一件和家人的美好往事）
Seeing the smile on my grandpa's face，I was very happy and proud because I did something to express my love for him.（印象深刻的原因）
【解析】高分句型一：Considering his age，I accompanied him to the top of the mountain by cable car.
翻译：考虑到他的年龄，我用缆车陪他到山顶。
分析：运用了现在分词短语作状语。
高分句型二：When we got home at noon，my parents had prepared a big lunch for us.
翻译：当我们中午回到家时，我的父母已经为我们准备了一顿丰盛的午餐。
分析：运用了when引导的时间状语从句。
提纲作文在写作时要注意内容是否包含了所有要点。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次，平时需注意积累短语和重要句型。
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