高中英语人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 Sports and fitness教学课件ppt

附加疑问句

附加疑问句就是对陈述句所叙述的事情提出相反疑问的问句。主要表示以礼貌或委婉的语气提出要求、询问或确认信息等。读时前半部分用降调，后半部分既可用升调也可用降调。通常情况下，用升调时，多表示疑问或请求；用降调时，多表示求证或希望对方同意。

[观察例句]

1．Somebody phoned while I was out，didn't they?

2．Everything seems all right now，doesn't it?

3．This is important，isn't it?

4．One can't be too careful，can one/can you?

5．Learning how to repair motors takes a long time，doesn't it?

6．There's something wrong，isn't there?

7．I told them not everybody could do it，didn't I?

[归纳用法]

一、附加疑问句的基本构成形式

附加疑问句又叫反意疑问句，是英语口语中常用的一种疑问句式，由两部分组成：前一部分是陈述句式，后一部分是疑问句式，两者用逗号隔开。疑问句式附加在陈述句之后，对陈述句所说的事实或观点提问。附加疑问部分的句式是：助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语。其中主语必须用代词，两部分的人称时态应保持一致。

一般来讲，附加疑问句式肯否结构的选择依据前面陈述句的形式，即如果前面的陈述部分用肯定形式，则后面的附加疑问部分用否定形式；如果前面的陈述部分为否定形式，则后面的附加疑问部分用肯定形式。

They work hard，don't they？他们努力工作，不是吗？

Lucy isn't beautiful，is she？露西不漂亮，是吗？

[名师点津]

(1)若陈述部分含有seldom，hardly，never，few，nothing等否定词或半否定词，其疑问部分要用肯定式。

He has few friends here，does he?

他在这儿几乎没什么朋友，是吗？

She said nothing，did she?

她什么也没说，是不是？

(2)若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词，疑问部分仍用否定式。

It is unfair，isn't it?

这不公平，是吗？

It is impossible，isn't it?

那是不可能的，是吗？

[即学即练1]

完成下列附加疑问句

①You can't speak French，can_you?

②They work there,    don't_they?

③Mary likes playing basketball in her spare time，doesn't_she?

④This will not be mentioned at the meeting，will_it?

⑤It's unbelievable,    isn't_it?

⑥You've never been to Qingdao，have_you?

二、附加疑问句的具体用法

1．附加疑问句的主语问题

(1)基本原则：疑问部分的主语应与陈述部分主语一致，且只能是代词。

误：Mary is a nurse，isn't Mary?

正：Mary is a nurse，isn't she?

玛丽是护士，对吗？

(2)当陈述部分为there be句型时，疑问部分的主语仍用there。

There was nothing in the room，was there?

房间里什么也没有，是吗？

(3)当陈述部分的主语是指示代词时，疑问部分的主语用it，they等代词。

That is a new car，isn't it?

那是一辆新汽车，是吗？

(4)当陈述部分的主语是somebody，someone，everyone，everybody，no one，nobody等复合不定代词时，其疑问部分的主语用he/they；当陈述部分的主语是something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，其疑问部分的主语要用it。

Nobody was late，were they?

没有一个人迟到，是吗？

Everything is ready，isn't it?

一切都准备好了，是吗？

Nothing is important，is it?

没有什么重要的，不是吗？

(5)当陈述部分的主语为动名词、不定式或从句时，疑问部分的主语用it。

Swimming is great fun，isn't it?

游泳非常有趣，不是吗？

[即学即练2]

完成下列附加疑问句

①This is a lovely card，isn't_it?

②To swim in such cold water is crazy，isn't_it?

③What he did really scared you, didn't_it?

④Nobody understood his speech, did_they/he?

⑤There is something wrong with your watch,  isn't_there?

2．某些特殊句型的反意疑问句

(1)祈使句的反意疑问句

①表示肯定意义的祈使句，即表示“请求，提示”，其反意疑问句用will you，有时也可以用won't you。

Go home now，will you?

现在回家，好吗？

Close the window，please，will you?

请关上窗户，好吗？

②否定祈使句：以Don't开始的祈使句：表示“不要……”，用will you提问。

Don't be late again，will you?

不要再迟到了，好吗？

Don't forget to pay your income tax，will you?

不要忘了交个人所得税，好吗？

③Let's引导的祈使句表示“建议”，反意疑问句部分是shall we。

Let's go for a walk，shall we?

我们去散步，好吗？

Let's have a rest now，shall we?

我们休息一下，好吗？

④Let me或Let us引导的祈使句表示“请求”，反意疑问句部分为will you。

Let me have a try，will you?

让我试一下，好不好？

Let us help，will you?

让我们帮忙，行吗？

(2)感叹句的反意疑问句：一律用否定式提问

What a clever boy，isn't he?

多么聪明的男孩，是不是？

What a lovely day，isn't it?

天气真好，对不对？

[即学即练3]

完成下列附加疑问句

①Don't talk like that, will_you?

②Let's go and get some fresh air, shall_we?

③Turn off the lights when you leave the classroom, will/won't_you?

④What an interesting book,isn't_it?

(3)陈述句含有情态动词must的两种情况

①must表示“必须”，反意疑问句部分为mustn't/needn't...

He must study hard at English，mustn't /needn't he?

他必须努力学英语，是不是？

You must go home now，needn't /mustn't you?

你必须现在回家，对不对？

We mustn't be late，must we?

我们不能迟到，对不对？

②must表示推测，“一定，肯定”，反意疑问句部分与must后面的动词呼应。

You must be joking，aren't you?

你一定是在开玩笑，是不是？

He must be ill，isn't he?

他一定生病了，对吗？

[名师点津]　

表推测的must的反意疑问句

用must表示对过去的动作进行推测时，反意疑问句部分的助动词用did或have，而对过去的状态进行推测时，反意疑问句部分的be动词用was。

She must have finished her work，hasn't /didn't she?

她一定完成工作了，是不是？

Jack must have arrived here yesterday，hasn't/didn't he?

杰克一定是昨天到的，对吗？

He must have been a policeman，wasn't he?

他曾经一定是名警察，对吗？

(4)陈述部分含有宾语从句的反意疑问句

①当陈述部分带有宾语从句时，反问部分的主语与时态常和主句主语与时态保持一致。

He said that she would come to my birthday party，didn't he?

他说她要来参加我的生日聚会，是吗？

②陈述部分的谓语动词是think，believe，suppose，guess，expect，imagine，且主语为第一人称时，反问部分的主语和时态与宾语从句的主语和时态保持一致；陈述部分的主语为第二、三人称时，反问部分的主语和时态与陈述部分的主语、时态一致。如：

I don't believe he will succeed，will he?

我认为他不会成功，会吗？

Tom doesn't believe Jane will succeed，does he?

汤姆不相信简会成功，对吗？

[即学即练4]

完成下列附加疑问句

①We needn't finish it today, need/must_we?

②You must have told her about it,   haven't_you?

③We don't believe we were defeated,   were_we?

④They said that the plan worked,   didn't_they?

(5)陈述部分有动词have的附加疑问句

①当have为助动词时，其附加疑问句沿用同样的助动词。

He has already left，hasn't he?

他已经离开了，是吗？

②当have为实义动词时，要分两种情况：

★若表示“所有”，附加疑问句可以用have，也可以用do；但是若陈述部分用的是have的否定式，附加疑问句用have还是用do，取决于陈述部分的动词形式。

He has a lot of friends here，hasn't/doesn't he?

他在这儿有许多朋友，是吗？

He hasn't any money，has he?

他没有钱，是吗？

He doesn't have any money，does he?

他没有钱，是吗？

★若表示“吃；玩”等意思，附加疑问句要用do。

He has supper at 5，doesn't he?

他5点吃晚餐，是吗？

He had a good time at the party，didn't he?

他在晚会上玩得很开心，是吗？

[即学即练5]

完成下列附加疑问句

①He has a car,  hasn't/doesn't_he?

②Jack had dinner with his mother at home yesterday，didn't_he?

③I have to work this afternoon, haven't_I?

④You haven't a pen pal in English，have/do_you?

三、回答反意疑问句时应遵循的原则

1．不管是主句为否定，还是附加疑问句为否定，回答时只看所提到的事情是否已/会发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。如当对方问你You aren't a teacher，are you？或You are a teacher，aren't you？时，你只要听懂you和teacher两个单词即可，如果你是老师，回答Yes，I am.否则，No，I am not.

2．要么肯定到底，要么否定到底，不会出现类似于Yes，I don't.或No，I do.的形式。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．You must be nervous now，aren't you?

2．They must have heard about it，haven't/didn't they?

3．You must have watched the TV programme last month，didn't/haven't you?

4．I guess he will come to the party，won't he?

5．They think you should come along with them，don't they?

6．—You haven't been here long，have you?

—No，I haven't.I am a newcomer here.

7．Let us have a walk after supper，will you?

8．Let's go shopping，shall we?

9．—You aren't a student，are you?

—Yes，I am.

10．The girl dislikes playing football，doesn't she?

Ⅱ.短文语法填空

An old woman had a cat.The cat was very old；she could not run 1.quickly (quick)，and she could not bite.One day the old cat 2.saw(see) a mouse；she jumped and caught the mouse.3.But she could not bite it，so the mouse got out of 4.her(she) mouth and ran away.

Then the old woman became very angry because the cat 5.had_not_killed(not kill) the mouse.She began 6.to_hit(hit) the cat.The cat said，“Do not hit your old servant，7.will you？”I have worked for you for many 8.years(year)，and I would work for you still，but I am too old.“Do not be 9.unkind(kind) to the old，but remember 10.what good work the old did when they were young.”