高考英语二轮复习题型专题08 阅读理解之科技发展类（2份打包，解析版+原卷版）

这是一份高考英语二轮复习题型专题08 阅读理解之科技发展类（2份打包，解析版+原卷版），文件包含高考英语二轮复习题型专题08阅读理解之科技发展类解析版doc、高考英语二轮复习题型专题08阅读理解之科技发展类原卷版doc等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共40页， 欢迎下载使用。


Part 1题型总览
【题型综述】
“科技发展”是高中新课程标准话题之一。该话题包括各领域最新科技知识、最新发明创造等方面。文章思想性和时代感强，题材涉及发明创造、科技创新、科技与生活、科学研究等。文章体裁一般为说明文，语篇主要来源于英美主流报刊、杂志和网站，文章的遣词造句地道，思维逻辑独具英语语言的特点。这些文章和题目不仅能让考生体会到科学的无限趣味和实际功用，而且促使考生深入思考科技创新在人类生活和发展过程中起到的重要作用。
【技巧点拨】
科普类文章的理论性和逻辑性强、篇幅长、生词多、句式结构复杂。文本结构一般包括五个部分：标题（headline）、导语（intrductin）、背景（backgrund）、主干（main bdy）和结尾（ending）。标题高度精辟地概括文章中心思想。高考中科普类阅读理解一般不给标题，反而经常要求考生选择最佳标题。导语一般位于整篇文章的首段。背景则交代研究的起因或者问题现状。主干部分介绍研究所取得的突破，作者往往会详细介绍研究的理论构架、研究对象、研究方法、具体的实验、统计等过程。结尾通常会再次对中心进行概括、重述研究成果、后续研究的方向等，与导语相呼应。另外，谙熟选项设置规律，对比原文去伪存真。掌握选项设置的规律对甄别正确选项大有帮助。一般说来，正确选项为文中内容的“同义替换”或者“归纳概括”。而干扰项分为“张冠李戴”、“偷梁换柱”、“无中生有”和“以偏概全”四种类型。
【读相关词】
accessible adj. 易接近的；可得到的
autmatic adj. 自动的
breakthrugh n. 重大进展；突破
digital adj. 数字的；数码的
privilege n. 特权；特殊待遇
prcedure n. 程序；手续
revlutin n. 革命
drawback n. 缺点；不利条件
transfrm v. 改造；改革；变换；改变
laptp n. 笔记本电脑
system n. 系统；体系
mnitr n. 监视器；显示屏
data n. 数据，资料
dwnlad n．& vt. 下载
astrnaut n. 宇航员
astrnmer n. 天文学家
atmsphere n. 大气，大气层
astrnmy n. 天文学
discvery n． 发现
experiment n. 实验
technlgy n. 科技
advanced adj. 高级的
.high-tech adj 高科技的
systematic adj. 有系统的,有计划有步骤的
indicate v. 表明
represent v. 正式] 描绘,展现
mbile payment 移动支付
Electrnic Tll Cllectin 全自动电子收费
RFID:radi frequency identificatin devices 无线电射频标识、电子标签
sensr netwrk 由传感器组成的传感网
clud cmputing 云计算
readut 数字读出
transplant n.& vt. 移植
.cyberspace n. 网络空间
WeChat n. 微信
manned spaceship/spacecraft 载人飞船
artificial intelligence 人工智能
be equipped with 装备，配备
n a large scale 大规模地
ptential adj.潜在的；可能的
artificial adj.人工的；人造的
have an impact/effect n 对……有影响
be available t 供……使用
put frward 提出
be suitable fr 适合
t a certain degree 在某种程度上
surf the Internet 上网浏览信息
have access t/be accessible t 能使用
with the develpment f science and technlgy随着科技的发展
chat nline 在线聊天
make e­friends 交网友
keep in tuch with 与……保持联系
make a great difference 起很大作用
change ne's life 改变某人的生活
benefit frm ... 得益于，从……获益
relate t/be linked t 与……有关联
take the place f 代替
devte neself t 致力于
cme true 实现
keep/catch up with 赶上
be different frm/differ frm 与……不同
enable sb. t d sth. 使某人能做某事
take sth. int cnsideratin 把某事考虑进去
lead t/cntribute t/result in/bring abut 导致
play an imprtant rle in 在某方面起重要作用
imprve the quality f life fr humans提高人们的生活质量
be addicted t 对……上瘾
distract ne's attentin 分散某人的注意力
electric bks 电子读物
text message 手机短信
Part 2真题感悟
Passage 1
【真题详解】
【2020天津】
Fr peple, wh are interested in sund, the field f sund technlgy is definitely making nise. In the past, sund engineers wrked in the back rms f recrding studis, but many f tday’s sund prfessinals are sharing their knwledge and experience with prfessinals in ther fields t create new prducts based n the phenmenn we call sund.
Sund can be used as a weapn. Imagine that a plice fficer is chasing a thief. The thief tries t escape. And the fficer can’t let him get away. He pulls ut a special device, pints it at the suspect, and switches it n. The thief drps t the grund. This new weapn is called a Lng Range Acustic Device(LRAD, 远程定向声波发射器). It prduces a deafening sund s painful that it temprarily disables a persn. The nise frm the LRAD is directed like a ray f light and travels nly int the ears f that persn, but it is nt deadly.
Fr thse wh hunger fr sme peace and quiet, sund can nw create silence. Let’s say yu are at the airprt, and the little by n the seat next t yu is humming(哼唱) a shrt cmmercial sng. He hums it ver and ver again, and yu are abut t g crazy. Thanks t the Silence Machine, a British inventin, yu can get rid f the sund withut upsetting the by r his parents. One may wnder hw the Silence Machine wrks. Well, it functins by analyzing the waves f the incming sund and creating a secnd set f utging waves. The tw sets f waves cancel each ther ut. Simply turn the machine r pint it at the target, and yur peace and quiet cmes back.
Directed sund is a new technlgy that allws cmpanies t use sund in much the same way sptlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater. A sptlight lights up nly ne sectin f a stage; similarly, “sptsund” creates a circle f sund in n targeted area. This can be useful fr businesses such as restaurants and stres because it ffers a new way t attract custmers. Restaurants can ffer a chice f music alng with the varius fd chices n the menu, allwing custmers mre cntrl ver the atmsphere in which they are dining. Directed sund is als beginning t appear in shpping centers and even at hmes.
46．What culd be inferred frm Paragraph 2 abut the effect f the LRAD?
A．It causes temprary hearing lss.
B．It slws dwn a running man.
C．It makes it easy t identify a suspect.
D．It keeps the suspect frm hurting thers.
47．The Silence Machine is a device specially designed t ________.
A．silence the peple arund yu
B．remve the sund f cmmercials
C．blck the incming sund waves
D．stp unwanted sund frm affecting yu
48．What feature d sptsunds and sptlights share?
A．They travel in circles.
B．They clear the atmsphere.
C．They can be transfrmed int energy.
D．They can be directed nt a specific area.
49．Directed sund can be used fr ________.
A．creative designs f restaurant menus
B．ideal sund effects n the theater stage
C．different chices f music fr businesses
D．strict cntrl ver any suspicius custmer
50．What des the passage fcus n?
A．Hw prfessinals invented sund prducts.
B．Inventins in the field f sund technlgy.
C．The grwing interest in the study f sund.
D．Hw sund engineers wrk in their studis.
【答案】46．A47．D48．D49．C50．B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些声音技术领域的发明创造，包括声音可以用作武器的远程声学设备、用来阻止有害声音影响你的静音机以及定向音响技术。
46．推理判断题。根据第二段中的”It prduces a deafening sund s painful that it temprarily disables a persn. The nise frm the LRAD is directed like a ray f light and travels nly int the ears f that persn, but it is nt deadly.”可知它发出震耳欲聋的声音，这种声音令人如此痛苦以至于它会使人暂时丧失能力。LRAD发出的噪音像光线一样被引导，只进入那个人的耳朵，但不会致命。由此可推知，LRAD会导致暂时性听力损失。故选A。
47．细节理解题。根据第三段中的”Well, it functins by analyzing the waves f the incming sund and creating a secnd set f utging waves. The tw sets f waves cancel each ther ut. Simply turn the machine n pint it at the target, and yur peace and quiet cmes back.”可知，它的功能是通过分析传入声音的波，并产生第二组传出的波。这两组波会相互抵消。只要打开机器对准目标，你的宁静就会回来。由此可知，静音机是一种专门设计用来阻止有害声音影响你的设备。故选D。
48．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的”A sptlight lights up nly ne sectin f a stage; similarly, a “sptsund” creates a circle f sund in ne targeted area.”可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分；类似地，一个”sptsund”在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。由此可知，sptsunds和聚光灯的共同特性是它们可以被定向到一个特定的区域，故选D。
49．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的”A sptlight lights up nly ne sectin f a stage; similarly,”sptsund” creates a circle f sund in n targeted area. This can be useful fr businesses such as restaurants and stres because it ffers a new way t attract custmers. Restaurants can ffer a chice f music alng with the varius fd chice n the menu, allwing custmers mre cntrl ver the atmsphere in which they are dining.”可知，聚光灯只能照亮舞台的一个部分；类似地，一个”sptsund”在一个目标区域创建一个声音圈。这对餐馆和商店等企业很有用，因为它提供了一种吸引顾客的新方式。餐厅可以提供音乐选择与菜单上的各种食物选择，让顾客更多地控制气氛，在他们用餐。由此可知，定向音响可以用于不同的商业音乐选择。故选C。
50．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的”In the past, sund engineers wrked in the back rms f recrding studis, but many f tday's sund prfessinals are sharing their knwledge and experience with prfessinals in ther fields t create new prducts based n the phenmenn we call sund.”可知，在过去，音响工程师在录音室的后室工作，但今天的许多音响专业人士正在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，以我们所谓的声音现象为基础创造新产品。结合下文具体内容可知，本文着重论述了声音技术领域的发明创造。故选B。
【强重难词】
definitely adv. 清楚地，当然；明确地，肯定地
prfessinal adj. 专业的；职业的；职业性的
phenmenn n. 现象；奇迹；杰出的人才
chase vt. 追逐；追捕vi. 追逐；追赶；奔跑
suspect_v. 怀疑；猜想n. 嫌疑犯
deafen vt. 使聋；淹没
temprarily adv. 临时地，临时
cmmercial adj. 商业的；营利的；靠广告收入的
analyze vt. 对…进行分析，分解（等于analyse
in ther fields 在其他领域
let … get away 让离开
pull ut 离开，撤离；拔出；渡过难关；恢复健康；折叠的大张插页；飞机进场重新飞起
switch n 接通，开启
drp t the grund. 倒在地上;卧倒
g crazy 发疯；疯狂
【析长难句】
1. In the past, sund engineers wrked in the back rms f recrding studis, but many f tday’s sund prfessinals are sharing their knwledge and experience with prfessinals in ther fields t create new prducts based n the phenmenn we call sund.
【解析】本句包含由but连接的两个并列分句。第一个分句为简单句；第二个分句为一个复杂的主从复合句。第二个分句使用了share…with这一固定结构，动词不定式短语t create new prducts做目的状语，过去分词短语based n the phenmenn做定语，定语从句we call sund修饰the phenmenn.
【译文】在过去，声音工程师在录音室的密室里工作，但今天的许多声音专业人士正在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，以我们称之为声音现象的基础上创造新产品。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2.Directed sund is a new technlgy that allws cmpanies t use sund in much the same way sptlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater.
【解析】本句中的that allws cmpanies t use sund in much the same way sptlights(聚光灯) are used in the theater.是定语从句，修饰a new technlgy。
【译文】定向声音是一项新技术，它可以让公司像在剧院使用聚光灯一样使用声音。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Restaurants can ffer a chice f music alng with the varius fd chices n the menu, allwing custmers mre cntrl ver the atmsphere in which they are dining.
【解析】allwing custmers mre cntrl ver the atmsphere in which they are dining是现在分词短语做结果状语。
【译文】餐厅可以提供音乐和菜单上的各种食物选择，让顾客更多地控制他们用餐的氛围。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Passage 2
【真题详解】
【2019全国卷1】
As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn, the market is grwing fr bimetric(生物测量) technlgies—like fingerprint scans—t keep thers ut f private e-spaces. At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh.
Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device(装置) that gets arund this prblem: a smart keybard. This smart keybard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key. The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique t each persn. Thus, the keybard can determine peple’s identities, and by extensin, whether they shuld be given access t the cmputer it’s cnnected t—regardless f whether smene gets the passwrd right.
It als desn’t require a new type f technlgy that peple aren’t already familiar with. Everybdy uses a keybard and everybdy types differently.
In a study describing the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch” fur times using the smart keybard. Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates. The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
1．Why d the researchers develp the smart keybard?
A．T reduce pressure n keys.B．T imprve accuracy in typing.
C．T replace the passwrd system.D．T cut the cst f e-space prtectin.
2．What makes the inventin f the smart keybard pssible?
A．Cmputers are much easier t perate.
B．Fingerprint scanning techniques develp fast.
C．Typing patterns vary frm persn t persn.
D．Data security measures are guaranteed.
3．What d the researchers expect f the smart keybard?
A．It’ll be envirnment-friendly.B．It’ll reach cnsumers sn.
C．It’ll be made f plastics.D．It’ll help speed up typing.
4．Where is this text mst likely frm?
A．A diaryB．A guidebkC．A nvel.D．A magazine
【答案】1-4 DCBD
文章大意：主题：人与社会(科学与技术)；话题：智能键盘。本文是一篇科研报道。来自佐治亚理工学院的研究人员发明了一种智能键盘，可以通过分析用户的打字模式来判断该用户是不是安全访客。
1．D解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw－cst device that gets arund this prblem: a smart keybard.”以及第一段最后一句“At present，these technlgies are still expensive，thugh.”可推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。注意题干、正确选项以及原文中一些词汇的多次呼应现象：develp与cme up with是同义词，expensive与lw－cst是反义词，cut the cst与lw－cst相呼应。
2．C解析：推理判断题。题干问的是“是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能”，也就是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。根据第二段中的“These patterns are unique t each persn.Thus，the keybard can determine peple's identities...”可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客，故C项符合题意。解答该题的关键是看懂题干的意思，即智能键盘的核心依据是什么。
3．B解析：细节理解题。根据题干“研究者对于智能键盘有什么期望”可直接定位到最后一段的最后一句话“The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.”，该团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B项。注意：题干中的expect与原文中的hpe呼应，答案选项中的cnsumers与原文中的market呼应。
4．D解析：文章出处题。根据本文的话题“智能键盘”以及第二段中的“Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw－cst device...”，尤其是其中的关键词researchers，lw－cst device等来推断，这篇文章是一篇科研报道，最有可能出现在杂志上。
【强重难词】
identity n. 身份；同一性，一致；特性
theft n. 盗窃；偷；赃物
fingerprint n. 指纹；手印
precisely adv. 精确地；恰恰
layer n. 层，层次；膜；[植]压条；放置者，计划者
security n. 安全；保证；证券；抵押品
analyze vt. 对…进行分析，分解（等于analyse）
unique adj. 独特的，稀罕的；[数] 唯一的，独一无二的
participant n. 参与者，参加者_
straightfrward adj. 简单的；坦率的；明确的；径直的
cmmercialize vt. 使商业化；使商品化
be unique t 对来说是独特的
by extensin相关地；引申开来
give access t ... 接见；进入
【析长难句】
1. As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn, the market is grwing fr bimetric(生物测量) technlgies—like fingerprint scans—t keep thers ut f private e-spaces.
【解析】本句为主从复合句。As引导时间状语从句；不定式短语t keep thers ut f private e-spaces.做目的状语。
【译文】随着数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍,为了阻止他人进入私人的电子空间，像指纹扫描这种生物测量技术的市场正在兴起。。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
2. Thus, the keybard can determine peple’s identities, and by extensin, whether they shuld be given access t the cmputer it’s cnnected t—regardless f whether smene gets the passwrd right.
【解析】句中的whether they shuld be given a…做determine的宾语，第二个whether smene gets the passwrd right.做regardless f的宾语。
【译文】因此，键盘可以决定一个人的身份，进而决定他们是否应该被允许访问所连接的计算机，而不管某人是否获得了正确的密码。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
3. Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device(装置) that gets arund this prblem: a smart keybard.
【解析】本句为主从复合句，第一个that引导宾语从句；第二个that引导定语从句。
【译文】佐治亚理工学院的研究人员说，他们已经发明了低成本解决这个问题的设备:智能键盘。
【仿写】_______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
Part 3专题强化
Passage 1【真题自测】
【2018全国卷1】
We may think we’re a culture that gets rid f ur wrn technlgy at the first sight f smething shiny and new, but a new study shws that we keep using ur ld devices (装置) well after they g ut f style. That’s bad news fr the envirnment – and ur wallets – as these utdated devices cnsume much mre energy than the newer nes that d the same things.
T figure ut hw much pwer these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her clleagues at the Rchester Institute f Technlgy in New Yrk tracked the envirnmental csts fr each prduct thrughut its life – frm when its minerals are mined t when we stp using the device. This methd prvided a readut fr hw hme energy use has evlved since the early 1990s. Devices were gruped by generatin. Desktp cmputers, basic mbile phnes, and bx-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived n the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phnes, and LCD TVs entered hmes in 2002, befre tablets and e-readers shwed up in 2007.
As we accumulated mre devices, hwever, we didn’t thrw ut ur ld nes. “The living-rm televisin is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ rm, and suddenly ne day, yu have a TV in every rm f the huse,” said ne researcher. The average number f electrnic devices rse frm fur per husehld in 1992 t 13 in 2007. We’re nt just keeping these ld devices – we cntinue t use them. Accrding t the analysis f Babbitt’s team, ld desktp mnitrs and bx TVs with cathde ray tubes are the wrst devices with their energy cnsumptin and cntributin t greenhuse gas emissins (排放) mre than dubling during the 1992 t 2007 windw.
S what’s the slutin (解决方案)? The team’s data nly went up t 2007, but the researchers als explred what wuld happen if cnsumers replaced ld prducts with new electrnics that serve mre than ne functin, such as a tablet fr wrd prcessing and TV viewing. They fund that mre n-demand entertainment viewing n tablets instead f TVs and desktp cmputers culd cut energy cnsumptin by 44%.
32. What des the authr think f new devices?
A. They are envirnment-friendly.
B. They are n better than the ld.
C. They cst mre t use at hme.
D. They g ut f style quickly.
33. Why did Babbitt’s team cnduct the research?
A. T reduce the cst f minerals.
B. T test the life cycle f a prduct.
C. T update cnsumers n new technlgy.
D. T find ut electricity cnsumptin f the devices.
34. Which f the fllwing uses the least energy?
A. The bx-set TV.B. The tablet.
C. The LCD TV.D. The desktp cmputer.
35. What des the text suggest peple d abut ld electrnic devices?
A. Stp using them.B. Take them apart.
C. Upgrade them.D. Recycle them.
Passage 2【真题】
【2018天津卷】
There’s a new frntier in 3D printing that’s beginning t cme int fcus: fd. Recent develpment has made pssible machines that print, ck, and serve fds n a mass scale. And the industry isn’t stpping there.
Fd prductin
With a 3D printer, a ck can print cmplicated chclate sculptures and beautiful pieces fr decratin n a wedding cake. Nt everybdy can d that — it takes years f experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Fdini t “re-create frms and pieces” f fd that are “exactly the same,” freeing cks t cmplete ther tasks. In anther restaurant, all f the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm t table.
Sustainability(可持续性)
The glbal ppulatin is expected t grw t 9.6 billin by 2050, and sme analysts estimate that fd prductin will need t be raised by 50 percent t maintain current levels. Sustainability is becming a necessity. 3D fd printing culd prbably cntribute t the slutin. Sme experts believe printers culd use hydrcllids (水解胶体) frm plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass t replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissins. Grcery stres f the future might stck "fd" that lasts years n end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transprtatin and strage requirements.
Nutritin
Future 3D fd printers culd make prcessed fd healthier. Hd Lipsn, a prfessr at Clumbia University, said, “Fd printing culd allw cnsumers t print fd with custmized nutritinal cntent, like vitamins. S instead f eating a piece f yesterday’s bread frm the supermarket, yu’d eat smething baked just fr yu n demand.”
Challenges
Despite recent advancements in 3D fd printing, the industry has many challenges t vercme. Currently, mst ingredients must be changed t a paste(糊状物) befre a printer can use them, and the printing prcess is quite time-cnsuming, because ingredients interact with each ther in very cmplex ways. On tp f that, mst f the 3D fd printers nw are restricted t dry ingredients, because meat and milk prducts may easily g bad. Sme experts are skeptical abut 3D fd printers, believing they are better suited fr fast fd restaurants than hmes and high-end restaurants.
46. What benefit des 3D printing bring t fd prductin?
A. It helps cks t create new dishes.
B. It saves time and effrt in cking.
C. It imprves the cking cnditins.
D. It cntributes t restaurant decratins.
47. What can we learn abut 3D fd printing frm Paragraphs 3?
A. It slves fd shrtages easily.
B. It quickens the transprtatin f fd.
C. It needs n space fr the strage f fd.
D. It uses renewable materials as surces f fd.
48. Accrding t Paragraph 4, 3D-printed fd _____________.
A. is mre available t cnsumers
B. can meet individual nutritinal needs
C. is mre tasty than fd in supermarkets
D. can keep all the nutritin in raw materials
49. What is the main factr that prevents 3D fd printing frm spreading widely?
A. The printing prcess is cmplicated.
B. 3D fd printers are t expensive.
C. Fd materials have t be dry.
D. Sme experts dubt 3D fd printing.
50. What culd be the best title f the passage?
A. 3D Fd Printing: Delicius New Technlgy
B. A New Way t Imprve 3D Fd Printing
C. The Challenges fr 3D Fd Prductin
D. 3D Fd Printing: Frm Farm t Table
Passage 3【新题模拟】
（2021·天津静海区·静海一中高三期末） One perid f ur lives when better results are demanded f us is, strangely enugh, childhd. Despite being yung we are expected t achieve gd grades, stay ut f truble, make friends at schl, d well n tests, perfrm chres (家务事) at hme and s n. It’s nt easy.
The gd news is that being likeable can help a child perfrm better. Likeable children enjy many advantages, including the ability t cpe mre easily with stresses f grwing up. In her bk Understanding Child Stress, Dr. Carlyn Lenard states that children wh are likeable and ptimistic are able t gain supprt frm thers. This leads t fcus and resilience (适应力), the ability t recver frm r adjust early t life stress; a child wh has adequate emtinal armr can cntinue dwn the path t success. Much research shws that resilience has enabled children t succeed in schl, avid drug abuse, and develp a healthy self-awareness.
Why des a likeable child mre easily handle stress and d better in his r her life? Because likeability helps create what’s knwn as a psitive feedback lp (回馈圈). The psitive feelings yu want t see in ther peple are returned t yu, creating cnstant encuragement and mtivatin, t deal with the daily stress f life.
This feedback lp cntinues int adulthd. T return nce again t the example f teaching, learning becmes easier with a likeable persnality. Michael Deluecchi f the University f Hawaii reviewed dzens f studies t determine if likeable teachers received gd ratings because f their likeability r because they in fact taught well.Deluecchi fund that “students wh perceive a teacher as likeable, in cntrast t thse wh d nt, may be mre attentive t the infrmatin that the teacher delivers, and they’ll wrk harder n assignments, and they will learn mre”.
Yu may have nticed this pattern in yur wn life when yu try t give sme advice. The mre psitive yur relatinship with that persn, the mre he r she seems t listen, and the mre yu feel certain that that persn has heard yu and intends t act n yur wrds.
1．The writer implies in the first paragraph that ________.
A．children are expected mre than we usually think
B．life is nt easy fr every ne f us
C．better educatin results in smarter children
D．t be a likeable child is almst impssible
2．Accrding t Dr. Lenard, likeable children ________.
A．can cpe mre easily with stress independently
B．knw hw t avid truble and unpleasant events
C．are always ptimistic and ready t help thse in need
D．can achieve mre and understand themselves better
3．The term “emtinal armr” in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A．mental supprt frm friendsB．mental supprt frm adults
C．failures in lifeD．ability t handle life stress
4．The main purpse f the studies dne by Michael Delucchi is t find ________.
A．if a likeable teacher has a psitive persnality
B．if a likeable teacher draws mre attentin
C．hw a teacher’s likeability gains ppularity
D．hw a likeable teacher’s teaching style is frmed
5．The passage aims at prving that ________.
A．likeable peple d better in life generally
B．likeable peple d better in their childhd
C．scial creatures enjy fewer advantages
D．likeable peple give better advice
Passage 4【新题模拟】
（2021·吉林长春市·高三一模） It's n secret that inhaling(吸入) smke is bad fr yur lungs. But nw, scientists are suggesting smke may als carry and spread infectius diseases.The thery, published in Science Magazine, is based n research that fund wildfire smke is teeming with thusands f species f micrrganisms. Sme f these micrrganisms, including bacteria and fungal spres（真菌孢子）, are knwn t cause disease.
The new research suggests that when a wildfire burns plant r animal matter and disturbs sils, it expses thusands f species f bacteria and fungi（真菌） that therwise might nt easily becme airbrne（空气传播的）. Yu might think the high heat frm fire wuld kill these rganisms, but ne study cited in the article fund that sme bacteria even multiply pst-fire. Scientists say the rganisms latch nt smke particulates（微粒）, allwing them t travel thusands f miles acrss cntinents.
Dr. Peter Chen, directr f the Divisin f Pulmnary and Critical Care Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Ls Angeles, is "intrigued" by the thery but smewhat skeptical that the micrrganisms in smke wuld actually cause infectins. Many bacteria and fungi dn't cause lung infectins, says Chen, but it's certainly pssible that a significant amunt culd wrsen symptms in smene with a pre-existing lung cnditin. "I always thught it was the particulates in smke that were causing these issues," says Chen, "But when I read this, I started thinking: Culd it be the micrrganisms that are als wrsening existing illness?"
Whether the micrbes in smke actually cause infectin r simply wrsen ptential respiratry（呼吸的） issues, the article raises a new health threat that is "certainly alarming," says Kelsey Jack, an assciate prfessr f envirnmental and develpment ecnmics.This is especially true fr lwer-incme ppulatins, Jack says, because peple with fewer means are ften mre expsed t the envirnment. If smke is affecting the air quality in a certain area, the peple wh wrk utside, r wh have t g t the ffice n ft r by bike, will inhale mre smke than thse wh drive.
But until mre research is dne, Chen says the best thing peple can d is just fllw existing recmmendatins when air quality is pr — including staying indrs, keeping windws and drs clsed, using HEPA filters（过滤器） and running air cnditining.
6．What can we knw abut the micrrganisms frm paragraph 2?
A．They culd be killed by high heat
B．They culd pssibly travel thrugh air by themselves
C．They culd reprduce in large numbers after fires.
D．They can easily attach themselves t smke particulates
7．Hw d mst micrrganisms affect peple accrding t Dr. Peter Chen?
A．They will causes lung infectins.
B．They might wrsen lung disease
C．They will destry living envirnments.
D．They might damage respiratry system
8．Why are lw-incme peple suffering mre than thers?
A．They live in pr areas.
B．They drive t and frm wrk
C．They have suffered frm lung disease
D．They are expsed t plluted air mre frequently.
9．What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut?
A．Results f the new research
B．Disagreements between the authr and Chen.
C．Suggestins n dealing with pr air quality
D．Benefits f preventing smke frm plluting the air
Passage 5【新题模拟】
（2021·山东枣庄市·高三期末） We all knw abut the health benefits f swimming. It ffers a great wrkut fr the bdy—it builds endurance, muscle strength and cardivascular fitness. If yu dn't mind getting wet, it can be fun t. But wh wuld enjy swimming in water that is ice cld. Well, many peple are taking the plunge, based n evidence that it can actually be gd fr us.
Cld-water swimming—smetimes called wild swimming—invlves swimming in natural areas including pnds, rivers and the sea. Jumping in gives a shrt sharp shck t the bdy, but many participants say they get used t it. A cld dip might wake yu up, but research has fund it can have much bigger benefits than that fr yur bdy and mind. As well as being gd exercise, spending time utdrs and by water imprves wellbeing.
There is much evidence, mstly anecdtal, that suggests cld-water swimming has cured certain health cnditins. One man wh suffered cnstant pain after surgery claimed he was cured by taking a plunge in cld pen water. And anther swimmer, Sandria Simns, tld the BBC “the immersin f yur bdy in cld, salt water, just feeling like yu're at ne with nature if yu like, just feels amazing. ”
But what is it that peple are gaining frm this chilly experience? Dctrs say getting int cld water evkes a stress respnse, but the mre yu d it, yur reactin t stress is reduced. It's als thught t have a strng anti-inflammatry effect. But there are bigger benefits t this stress-reducing exercise. Sme experts believe cld-water swimming helps 'crss-adaptatin', where ne frm f stress prepares the bdy fr anther. Fr example? it als helps reduce the stress f exercising at high altitude.
S, if yu're cnvinced that this is fr yu, take advice: apprach it with cautin, swim with a friend, and maybe start in the summer, when the water temperatures are higher!
10．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Swimming and health.B．Cld-water swimming.
C．Reducing stress.D．A chilly experience.
11．What des the underlined wrd “it” refer t in the 2nd paragraph?
A．The sharp bdy shck.B．The benefit.
C．The cld dip.D．The research.
12．What is Sandria Simns' pinin abut cld-water swimming?
A．It brings yu clse t nature.B．It cures certain health cnditins.
C．It has crss-adaptatin effects.D．It's a great physical exercise.
13．What is the authr's advice?
A．Start at an early age.B．D it immediately.
C．Adapt first in cld water.D．Safety cmes first.
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内容
Part 1
题型总览
题型综述 技巧点拨 读相关词
Part 2
真题感悟
真题详解 强重难词 析长难句..
Part 3
专题强化
真题自测 新题模拟