必修第2册 Unit 4-2022年高考英语一轮夯实基础复习学案（人教版2019）

人教新教材（2019）·高中英语

学业水平测试基础知识复习

教学案

必修第二册 Unit 4  History and Traditions

（一）识记词汇

Confucius, mansion, cemetery, philosophy, descendant, heel, individual, kingdom, chief, puzzle, nearby, join … in…, break away (from sb./ sth.), belong to, as well as, currency, military, defense, legal, surround, evidence, achievement, location, conquer, battle, port, fascinating, keep your eyes open for, charge, announce, amount, gallery, approach, ensure, landscape, generous, butter, honey, ancestor, position, courtyard, snack, eager, poet, county, feast, roll, dot, cattle, ocean, scent, greet, pub, wine, beer, stew, custom, sensory, striking, crowd, transition

（二）词形变化

individual adj.单独的，个别的；一个人的，供一人用的；独特的，与众不同的 n.个人；与众不同的人，有个性的人；某种类型的人，（尤指）古怪的人

  individually adv. 分别地，单独地，个别地

individualize vt. 使个性化，与个人（或因地等）而异

individualized adj. 个性化的，与个人（或个体）有关的

individuality Un. 个性，个人（或个体）特征

individualism n. 个性，独特的气质；个人主义，个人至上

individualist n.自行其是的人，独特的人

individualistic adj.有特色的的

philosophy Un. 哲学 Cn.哲学体系，思想体系；人生哲学，生活的信条（或态度）

  philosopher n.哲学家，善于思考的人

Philosophical adj. 哲学的，达观的，处乱不惊的

Philosophically adv.

Philosophize v. 郑重论述，高谈阔论

currency n. 货币，通货；流行，流传

  current adj.当前的，现时发生的；流行的，通用的，流通的 n.（海洋或江河的）水流，潮流，气流；电流；思潮，趋向

Currently adv. 现时，目前，当前，时下

military adj.军事的，军队的，武装的；(the military) n. 军人，军方，军队

  militarize v. 向（某地）派遣武装力量；使具有军事性质；使武装化

militarization n.军事化

militarism Un. 军国主义

militaristic adj. 军国主义的

militant adj. 动武的，好战的

militancy Un.

defense n. 防御，保卫，保护；防御物，防务，防御能力；辩解，辩护，答辩；防守队员，后卫，防守

  defenseless adj.软弱的，不能自卫的，无防御的

defend v.防御，保护，保卫；辩解，辩白；（足球、曲棍球等）防守；进行辩护，当辩护律师

defendant n.被告人，被告

defender n.防守队员；后卫；守卫者，保护人，防御者

defensible adj.可辩解的，合乎情理的，有正当理由的

defensive adj.防御的，保护的，保卫的；戒备的，怀有戒心的，自卫的；防守的 n.处于防御姿态的，处于戒备状态，采取守势

legal adj.与法律有关的，法律的；合法的，法律要求的

  legally adv. 合法的

legality Un.合法（性） Cn.（某行为或情况的）法律方面

legalize vt.使合法化，使得到法律认可

legalization Un.合法化

legalistic adj.墨守成规的，条文主义的

legalese n. （深奥难懂的）法律术语，法律用语

surround v.围绕，环绕；（使）包围，围住；与……紧密相关，围绕；喜欢结交（某类人）；喜欢身边总有（某类东西） n.（物品的）饰边

  surrounding adj.周围的，附近的

surroundings n.环境

Evidence Un.证据，证明；（法庭上的）证据，人证，物证，证词 vt.证明，表明，作为……的证据

  evident adj. 清楚的，显而易见的

evidently adv. 明显地，显然地，据说

achieve vt. （凭长期努力）达到（某目标、地位、标准） v.完成，成功

  achievable adj. 可以完成的

    achievement Cn.成就，成绩，功绩 Un.达到，完成

locate vt. 找出……的准确位置，把……安置在（或建造于）；创办与于（某地）

  located adj.位于，坐落在

location Cn. 地方，地点，位置；（电影的）外景拍摄地 Un.定位

fascinate v.深深吸引，迷住

  fascinated adj.入迷的，极感兴趣的

fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的，迷人的

fascination n.魅力，极大的吸引力，入迷，着迷

announce v.宣布，宣告（决定、计划等）；（尤指通过广播）通知；声称，宣称；宣布（某人）到达；通报……的到来；（在广播或电视中）播音，广播

  announcement Cn.（一项）公告，布告，通告Un.（指行动）宣布，宣告

announcer n.（广播、电视、车站、机场的）广播员，播音员，节目主持人

generous adj.慷慨的，大方的，丰富的，充足的，仁慈的，宽宏大量的

  generously adv.

generosity n.慷慨大方的，宽宏大量

eager adj.渴望的，渴求的

  eagerly adv.

eagerness n.

greet vt.和（某人）打招呼（或问好）；欢迎，迎接；（以某种方式）对……做出反应；（景象、声音或气味）映于……的眼帘，传入……的耳中（或鼻中）

  greeting n.问候，招呼，迎接，致意；(greetings)问候的话，贺词，祝词

strike vt.碰撞，撞击；打；攻击；爆发，侵袭；（不用于进行）（想法或念头）突然想起，猛地意识到；给（某人以……）印象；让（某人）觉得；照射；罢工；擦划（火柴）；敲，鸣，报时；弹奏，奏鸣，发出（声音）；开采出；行进

n.罢工，罢市；军事袭击；踢打，击（球）；（珍贵东西的）意外发现；（尤指石油的）发现

  striker n.罢工/课/市者；（足球）前锋

Striking adj.引人注目的，异乎寻常的，显著的；妩媚动人的，标致的，俊秀的

Strikingly adv.异乎寻常地，非常

crowd n.人群，观众；一伙人，一帮人；群众，民众，老百姓

  crowded adj.人（太）多，拥挤的；充满的，挤满的

（三）词汇应用

1. belong

2. break

3. defend

4. surround

5. locate

6. approach

7. charge

（四）教材内的语法题目

1. (P.37) A people without the knowledge of their past history, origin and culture ________ (be) like a tree without roots.

2. (P. 40) Which two countries were the first ________ (join) together?

3. (P.40) ________ (get) to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.

4. (P.40) Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland broke away from the UK, ________ resulted in the full name we have today.

5. (P.40) Most people just use the ________ (short) name: the United Kingdom or the UK.

6. (P.40) The four countries use the same flag, ________ (know) as the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military defence.

7. (P.40) They had castles ________ (build) all around England, and made changes to the legal system.

8. (P.41) Studying the history of the country will make your visit much more ________ (enjoy).

9. (P.41) There are countless historic sites ________ (explore), and lots of museums with ancient relics from all over the UK.

10. (P.41) The UK is a ________ (fascinate) mix of history and modern culture, with both new and old traditions.

11. (P.42) Judy and I had our car ________ (park) in an underground car park near Trafalgar Square, ________ we could get our car battery ________ (charge).

12. (P.42) When we finally reached the service desk to ask for audio guide, we heard it ________ (announce) that there were no audio guides left.

13. (P.42) Judy had her eyes ________ (fix) on Van Gogh’s Sunflowers. It was hard to ________ (approach) the painting as there were so many people around.

14. (P.42) She has a copy of the painting ________ (box) to ensure that it was delivered safely.

15. (P.44) Ireland’s beautiful countryside has always had a great influence ________ its people and traditions.

16. (P.44) The peaceful landscape of the “Emerald Isle” and its many green countries is a true feast for the eyes, with its rolling green hills ________ (dot) with sheep and cattle.

1 is 2 to be joined 3 Getting 4 which 5 shortened 6 known 7 built 8 enjoyable 9 to explore 10 fascinating 11 parked; where; charged 12 announced 13 fixed; to approach 14 boxed 15 on 16 dotted

（五）单元重点词组积累

be different from 和……不同

the same as 和……一样

be similar to 和……相似

as to/for 在……方面想象

lead to 导致，引起

hold on 抓住，稍等，不挂断电话

join … to… (be joined to…) 和……连接起来

break away from 脱离，背叛，逃脱

break down 出故障，分解，瓦解，（精神、身体）崩溃

break out 突然发生，爆发

break up 分解，解散，分手

break in/into 闯入，强行进入

belong to 属于

defend … from/against … 保护……免于受到害，保卫

in defence of 保卫，为……辩护

surround … with … /be surrounded with/by 包围

charge sb. money for sth. /charge money for sth. from sb. 因……收某人的钱

free of charge 免费

in charge of 掌管（表状态）

in the charge of 被……掌管，由……负责

take charge of 掌管动作）

announce sth. to sb. 向某人宣布某事

the approach to (doing) sth. （做某事的）方法，途径，接近，靠近

at the approach of 在快到……的时候

be eager (for sb.) to do sth. 希望/渴望（某人）做……

be eager for sth. 急于得到

have an effect/influence/impact on 对……有影响

under the influence of 在……的影响下

be likely to do sth. 可能做……

（六）单元重点句式积累

1、主谓一致

  a small/large amount of +Un. +单数谓语 （少量的/大量的）

A large amount of money has been spent on the bridge.

  large amounts of Un. +复数谓语 （大量的）

Large amounts of money have been spent on the bridge.

2、It is announced that …据称，据宣布

3、It is likely that … 可能

4、It be adj. (for/of sb.) to do sth. 做……是……的

（七）语法：动词的过去分词作定语和宾语补足语

 用括号中所给词的正确形式完成句子。

1. Amie Salmon, disabled, is attended throughout her school days by a nurse ________ (appoint) to guard her.

2. Jim has retired, but he still remembers the happy time ________ (spend) with his students.

3. Around 13, 5000 new jobs were created during the period, ________ (exceed) the expected number of 12, 000 held by market analysts.

4. To return to the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study ________ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.

5. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ________ (catch).

6. Today there are more airplane ________ (carry) more people than ever before in the skies.

7. The witnesses ________ (question) by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.

8. You can’t accept an opinion ________ (offer) to you unless it is based on facts.

9. Tsinghua University, ________ (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.

10. Mrs. White showed her students some maps ________ (borrow) from the library.

11. The play ________ (produce) last week aimed to reflect the local culture.

12. The Town Hall ________ (complete) in the 1800’s was the most distinguished building at that time.

13. During his stay in Xi’an, Jerry tired almost all the local foods his friends ________ (recommend).

14. What was so ________ (impress) about Jasmine Wetland’s victory was that she came first in the marathon bare-footed.

15. The school advisers help you talk through your problems but don’t give you any direct ________ (solve).

16. After a knock at the door, the children heard his mother’s voice ________ (call) him.

17. Alexander tried to get his work ________ (recognize) in the medical circle.

18. The living room is clean and tidy with a dining table already ________ (lay) for a meal to be cooked.

19. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English ________ (speak) as much as we can.

20. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them ________ (interest) in his lectures.

21. I looked up and noticed a snake ________ (wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.

22. When we saw the road ________ (block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.

23. The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________ (follow) them.

24. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ________ (remind) of his own dreams.

25. There have been several new event ________ (add) to the program of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.

1 appointed 2 spent 3 exceeding 4 conducted 5 to catch 6 carrying 7 questioned 8 offered 9 founded 10 borrowed 11 produced 12 completed 13 had recommended 14 impressive 15 solution 16 calling 17 recognized 18 laid 19 spoken 20 interested 21 winding 22 blocked/was blocked 23 following 24 reminded 25 added

（八）写作

假定你是李华，家住北京。你的英国笔友John让你介绍你所居住的城市。请你根据下列提示，给他写封邮件，介绍北京的基本情况。

内容包括：

1. 国家首都；

2. 著名景点：长城、故宫等

3. 游客众多；

4. 希望来访。

注意：

1. 词数80左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

【写作提示】

体裁：书信

人称：以第三人称为主

时态：以一般现在时为主

Dear John,

I’m glad that you are interested in our city. Beijing, the capital of China, has a long history, which has many famous ancient buildings, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, and the Forbidden City. Our city is also very new and modern, and it takes on a new look almost every day.

Every year, millions of visitors, both from home and abroad, come to visit our city. I hope you will come in the future, and I’ll show you around our city.

Looking forward to your early reply.

Yours,

Li Hua

词句基础巩固练习·必修第二册 ·Unit 4  History and Traditions

一、听力填空（共15小题；单词每个1.5分，短语每个3分，满分30分）

 根据所听材料填出下面句子中所缺的单词或短语。每段材料读两遍。

Scene 1:情景介绍：W刚从英国回来，跟M谈论英国的风俗习惯。

Scene 2:情景介绍：W跟M谈论自己的家乡。 

1 UK 2 funny 3 British 4 weather 5 why 6 custom 7 take 8 sunlight 9 explained 10 knowledge 11 talk something about 12 too hot or too cold 13 used to 14 visit your friends 15 called the downs

二、单词拼写（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

 根据汉语或首字母提示填出本单元所学单词。

1. If it’s a legal __________ (法律的) matter you need to seek professional advice.

2. The importance of the town is due to its geographical __________ (位置).

3. It is dark and a giant moon lit the road so brightly that you could see the __________ (风景) clearly.

4. It was __________ (慷慨的) of them to ask Anna along.

5. The firm has achieved a dominant __________ (地位) in the world market.

6. This __________ (风俗) is found in people of all races throughout the world.

7. Her p__________ of life is to take every opportunity that presents itself.

8. Most travel agents are prepared to tailor travel arrangements to meet i__________ requirement.

9. They were able to achieve a settlement without using m__________ force.

10. He was unable to deny the charges in the face of new e__________.

1 legal 2 location 3 landscape 4 generous 5 positon 6 custom 7 philosophy 8 individual 9 military 10 evidence

三、单句语法填空 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. Many more soldiers have been brought in to strengthen the __________ (defend).

2. Mary is a beautiful girl and her big eyes are her most __________ (strike) feature.

3. All scientists found themselves __________ (puzzle) by the puzzling questions raised by a six-year-old boy.

4. There is scientific evidence to support our theory that living in a house __________ (surround) by plants is good for health.

5. Gaul __________ (conquer) by the Romans, and the Gauls eventually adopted the Roman language and culture.

6. We are very aware of the value of the product we are producing and we are not scared __________ (charge) for it.

7. None of our early __________ (ancestor) could digest milk as adults because their bodies never had to.

8. The exhibition tell a __________ (fascinate) story of the steam age, which moves me very much.

9. It __________ (announce) that we shall have our final exams next week.

10. I’m very nervous because I don’t think I’m ready for the __________ (approach) examination.

1 defence 2 striking 3 puzzled 4 surrounded 5 was conquered 6 to charge 7 ancestors 8 fascinating 9 has been announced 10 approaching

四、选词填空（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）

 用方框内短语的适当形式填空，有两项为多余选项。

1. A large piece of ice ____________________ the main block yesterday due to the warm weather.

2. The island ____________________ to the mainland by a big bridge.

3. As she rightly pointed out, the illness can affect adults ____________________ children.

4. Land belonging to the royal family does not ____________________ the king personally but to the state.

5. If that sounds like good news, ____________________ your opportunity.

6. The dictionary is out of date: many words ____________________ the language since it was published.

7. Our chairman left, so Peter ____________________ the chairmanship of the committee yesterday.

8. In Scotland, this first visitor of the year ____________________ the “First foot”; that is, the first foot inside your door.

9. The object of these experiments was to find the connection, ____________________, between the two problems.

10. The terrible car accident ____________________ the death of two passengers.

1 broke away from 2 is joined to 3 as well as 4 belong to 5 keep your eyes open for 6 have been added to 7 took over 8 was referred to as 9 if any 10 resulted in

五、英汉互译（共5小题；每小题4分，满分20分）

1. 你总能分清游客和当地人的不同。

  You can always ________________________________________ the tourists and the natives.

2. 简最终脱离了她的父母，有了自己的公寓。

  Jane finally ________________________________________ her parents and got an apartment of her own.

3. 我个人认为，他最初对成功的兴奋导致了他最后的失败。

  Personally, it was his excitement for success in the beginning that _____________________________.

4. 虽然这两个人的年龄只相差几天，但他们似乎属于完全不同的时代。

  While the two men are only days apart in age, they ________________________________________.

5. 1871年，巴黎的工人们接管了这座城市，并对其实施了两个月的管理。

  In 1871, ________________________________________ and ran it for two months.

1 tell the difference between 2 broke away from 3 resulted in his final failure 4 seem to belong to entirely different times 5 the workers of Paris took over the city

语法基础巩固练习 ·必修第一册·  Unit 4  –ed分词作定语和宾语补足语

I 单句语法填空

1. They make great gifts and you see them many times __________ (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.

2. The 80, 000 objects __________ (collect) by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.

3. Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially __________ (design) to help them succeed academically and personally.

4. China’s image is improving steadily, with its role __________ (recognize) by more countries in international affairs.

5. Data __________ (collect) from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates.

6. Earth Day, __________ (mark) on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public awareness about environment protection.

7. What does the __________ (underline) word “blow-up” in the last paragraph most probably mean?

8. Chris and Tim work in a zoo, helping __________ (endanger) cranes with their reproduction.

9. This led to a(n) __________ (unexpect) consequence, though she had a wonderful time there.

10. Book from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother __________ (taken) good care of at home.

11. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car __________ (wash).

12. Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues __________ (amuse) with her stories.

13. With the problem __________ (solve), the quality has been improved.

14. The boss wouldn’t like the topic __________ (discuss) at the meeting.

15. He walked into the room quietly in order not make himself __________ (notice).

16. The villagers saw the fire __________ (burn) brightly in the distance. When they hurried there, they found some houses __________ (burn) to the ground already.

17. I found myself __________ (lose) and couldn’t sense the right direction.

18. The story __________ (write) by a middle school student is popular in schools.

19. Even though it is still summer, there are many __________ (fall) leaves on the ground.

20. With many brightly colored flowers __________ (plant) around it, her house looks like a beautiful garden.

1 decorated 2 collected 3 designed 4 recognized 5 collected 6 marked 7 underlined 8 endangered 9 unexpected 10 taken 11 washed 12 amused 13 solved 14 discussed 15 noticed 16 burning; burned/burnt 17 lost 18 written 19 fallen 20 planted

II 完成句子。

1. 我们期待这些从全国范围内选拔出来的运动员在夏季比赛中能给我们带来荣耀。

  The players ____________________are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.

2. 关于上文提到的这个现象，有些人支持，而有些人反对。

  As for the phenomenon ____________________some people support it, while others do not.

3. 现在，越来越多的人喜欢在淘宝上“淘”东西，然后让快递公司邮寄。

  Nowadays, more and more people like to hunt for things at www.taobao.com, and ____________________by the express company.

4. 如果你想让自己被尊重，你必须首先尊重别人。

  If you want to ____________________you are above all respect others.

5. 当他醒来时，他发现一群孩子围着他。

  When he woke up, he ____________________.

1 selected from the whole country 2 mentioned above 3 have them delivered 4 make yourself respected 5 found himself surrounded by a group of children