高中英语Unit 3 The world of science导学案

这是一份高中英语Unit 3 The world of science导学案，共5页。

主谓一致(一)
主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在“人称”和“数”上保持一致。
[观察例句]
①The enemy were hiding，ready t attack the Allied sldiers...
②Yur enemy is well trained，well equipped and battle­hardened...
③My family is a happy ne.
④It's my favurite film and my family lve watching it，t.
⑤The class were very interested in Mr. Zhang's teaching.
⑥Plitics is the study f the ways in which cuntries are gverned.
⑦Listening t lud music at rck cncerts has caused hearing lss in sme teenagers.
⑧T be strict with neself is a gd quality f a persn.
1．①②③④⑤句中，enemy，family，class等集体名词表示整体时，谓语动词用单数；表示组成集体的成员时，谓语动词用复数。
2．句⑥中，学科名词plitics(政治)等常看作单数概念，谓语动词用单数。
3．句⑦⑧中，动名词或不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
[归纳用法]
1．集体名词作主语时的主谓一致
(1)集体名词作主语，如果表示一个整体概念时，谓语动词就用单数形式；如果强调组成集体的个体成员时，谓语动词就用复数形式。常见的这类名词有family，class，team，grup，enemy，army，audience, band, club，crwd，staff，cmmittee，cmpany, crew, gvernment, public等。
The family has settled in Canada.
这家人已定居加拿大。
My family are having lunch nw.
我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
The cmmittee cnsists f 10 members.
委员会由十个成员组成。
The cmmittee haven't reached any agreement.
委员们没有达成任何一致意见。
(2)个别集体名词，如peple，plice，cattle等作主语，谓语动词必须用复数形式。
The plice are investigating the case.
警方正在调查这个案件。
The cattle are grazing in the field.
牛群正在牧场吃草。
Many cattle were killed fr this.
就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①His family are(be) all imprtant persns.
②Peple in this cuntry are(be)really happy.
③The plice were(be)searching fr the criminals yesterday afternn.
④The audience were(be)clapping fr ver ten minutes.
2．单数名词作主语，后面紧跟as well as，rather than, but，except，besides，with，alng with，tgether with，like，including，in additin t，cmbined with等时，谓语动词用单数形式。
The teacher as well as the students is ready t help thers.
不仅学生们乐于助人，老师也乐于助人。
The girl tgether with sme bys has gne t plant trees.
那个女孩和一些男孩一起去植树了 。
3．单复数同形的名词作主语时的主谓一致
单复数同形的名词作主语时，根据其意义是单数概念还是复数概念来判断谓语用单数还是用复数。如means方式，方法，sheep羊，deer鹿，wrks工厂等。
Every means has been tried many times.
每一种办法都已经试过多次了。
All pssible means have been tried many times.
所有可能的方法都已经试过很多次了。
This wrks was built in 1982.
这座工厂是1982年建的。
By far，three steel wrks have been clsed dwn in this city.
到目前为止，这个城市已经关闭了三座钢铁厂。
4．单数概念的复数形式名词作主语时的主谓一致
单数概念的复数形式名词(如学科、机构、书名、剧名、国名等)作主语，谓语通常用单数形式。如physics 物理，mathematics/maths 数学，ecnmics 经济学，plitics政治学，gymnastics体操，the United States 美国，the United Natins联合国，A Dream in Red Mansins(The Stry f the Stne) 《红楼梦》，Andersn's Fairy Tales 《安徒生童话集》 等。
As we knw，physics is a fundamental subject in science.
我们知道物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科。
Mathematics is a required curse fr middle schl students.
数学是中学生的一门必修课。
The United States is a develped cuntry.
美国是一个发达国家。
The New Yrk Times is widely read in the wrld.
《纽约时报》在全世界被广泛阅览。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①Each pssible means has been tried(try) again and again.
②The girl thinks plitics is(be) much mre difficult than physics.
③The United Natins reprts(reprt) abut half f all peple affected r killed by disasters are children.
④Andersn's Fairy Tales is(be) my favurite nvel.
5．“两部分” 概念的物体名词作主语时的主谓一致
由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但是如果这些词由单位词(a pair f，a kind f, a suit f，a piece f 等)修饰时，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数。这类名词如chpsticks, cmpasses，glasses, glves，jeans，pants，scissrs，shes，shrts，scks，trusers等。
My trusers are white.
我的裤子是白色的。
Why are yur shes s dirty?
为什么你的鞋子那么脏？
A pair f scissrs is lying in that drawer.
一把剪刀放在那个抽屉里。
These kinds f glasses are ppular this summer.
这种眼镜今年夏天很受欢迎。
6．名词短语(距离、时间、长度、金额等)作主语时的主谓一致
当名词短语的中心词为表示距离、时间、长度、金额等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。这类复数名词有miles，dllars，punds，kilgrams，kilmetres，centimeters, millimeters，secnds，hurs，years等。
Five dllars seems a fair price.
五美元看起来是一个公道的价格。
Tw kilmetres is nt very far fr the yung man.
对那个年轻人来说，两公里不是很远。
Five hurs is a shrt time fr such a difficult jb.
对于这么难的工作来说，五个小时是很短的时间。
[即学即练3] 翻译句子
①我上周买的太阳镜看起来很酷。
The sunglasses I bught last week lk very cl.
②上星期天公共汽车上留下了一副手套。
A suit f glves was left n the bus last Sunday.
③他们走的最远的距离是两英里。
Tw miles is as far as they can walk.
7．mre(...)than a...结构作主语时的主谓一致
“mre than ne/many a...＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数；“mre＋复数名词＋than ne” 作主语时，谓语用复数。
Mre than ne white rse has blmed in the garden.
花园里开了不止一朵白玫瑰。
Mre white rses than ne have blmed in the garden.
花园里开了许多白玫瑰。
Many a child was playing there.
很多小孩在那儿玩。
8．“分数/百分数＋f＋名词”构成的短语作主语时的主谓一致
“分数/百分数＋f＋名词” 构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于f后的名词的数。
Tw thirds f the students supprt the plan.
三分之二的学生支持这项计划。
Three furths f the surface f the earth is sea.
地球表面的四分之三是海。
Eighty percent f the emplyees in the cmpany are frm Beijing.
公司80%的员工来自北京。
[即学即练4] 翻译句子
①不止一个学生考试未及格。(mre than)
Mre than ne student has failed the exam.
②许多孩子都喜欢踢足球。(many a)
Many a child likes playing ftball.
③这所学校70%的教师是女性。(percent)
Seventy percent f the teachers in this schl are wmen.
Ⅰ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．The audience is(be)s large that n seat was left unccupied in the great hall.
2．Many a parent has(have)had t g thrugh this same painful prcess.
3．A grup f sheep are(be)eating grass and leaves at the ft f the hill.
4．Peple have shwn(shw) great lve t the victims since the disaster happened.
5．Eight hurs f sleep is(be) enugh.
6．Tm，tgether with his friends，has(have) gne ut t play.
7．A pair f glasses was(be) lst n the playgrund yesterday afternn.
8．Twenty dllars fr the little pr girl was(be) t much then.
9．This kind f apple tastes(taste) gd.Apples f this kind taste(taste) gd.
10．The rich are fr the plan，while the pr are against it.(be)
Ⅱ.短文语法填空
L＝Lily J＝James
L: Ww, yur new huse is s beautiful! And all the rms are decrated in an elegant style.
J: Thank yu.Yu knw, it tk us nearly five mnths t cmplete the decratin f the huse.And all the furniture 1.was selected(select) carefully by my parents.
L: That's great.But why did yu paint yur walls light blue? Is it a clur that can make yu relaxed?
J: I'm nt sure, but my family 2.like(like) the clur, s we painted the walls light blue.
L: N wnder.Yur brther's clthing 3.is(be) very up t late.What des he d? Is he a barber?
J: N.As a matter f fact, he is a singer and his audience 4.are(be) mainly yung peple.Last year, my brther was invited t sing a sng at ur class's New Year Party, and all my class 5.were impressed(impress) by his perfrmance.
L: Ww, that's cl.I'm lking frward t watching his perfrmance.