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2021年上海市高二第一学期英语培优讲义第14讲 考纲词汇&情态动词&综合运用【教案】
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这是一份2021年上海市高二第一学期英语培优讲义第14讲 考纲词汇&情态动词&综合运用【教案】，共19页。教案主要包含了参考答案，思路解析，浦东新区等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2021-2022学年高一升高二英语暑期讲义（上海通用版）
第14讲 考纲词汇&情态动词&综合运用 教师版
教学内容
一、 上次课考纲词汇默写
高考英语词组测验5(P49-60)
1. 总工程师/总编/主厨
2. 赢得冠军头衔
3. 别无选择，只得…
4. 逐渐意识到…
5. 以…为特征
6. 头等舱/经济舱
7. 办理住宿手续;办理飞机的搭乘手续
8. ten degrees centigrade 10
9. 去做礼拜
10. 以支票付款
11. 恢复知觉，苏醒
12. under/in no circumstances
13. 迎接挑战
14. 从…中挑选
15. 把A 比作 B
16. 将某物更换为同种物品的一件
17. 去看电影
18. 下棋
19. 开/闭幕式
20. 古典音乐
21. 负责，掌管
22. 声称…
23. 错过机会
24. 得了（重）感
25. 有很多/没有共同之处
26. 连锁店
27. 陪伴某人
28. (天空)放晴
29. off the coast
30. 把A与B相结合
31. 点击鼠标
32. 收藏了大量的
33. 婚礼/毕业典礼/颁奖典礼
34. 常识
35. 凡事都有两面性
36. 选择做
37. 在童年
38. (使)振奋
39. 与…交流
40. …是确实的
41. 偶然遇到
42. 评论…
43. 在平安夜
44. 谴责/控告某人…
45. 精通…
46. 在21 世纪
47. 想出，找出（答案、计划等）
48. 免费
49. 炸鱼加炸土豆条
50. keep the change
高考英语单词测验6(P61—72)
1. n.信心、confidence
2. n. 一对，一双；夫妇 couple
3. vt.包含 contain
4. 改正，纠正；批阅（试卷等）correct
5. adj.有创造力的 creative
6. adv.完全地 completely
7. n.合作 cooperation
8. v.贡献；捐献 contribute
9. n. 堂（或表）兄弟；堂（或表）姐妹 cousin
10. n.竞赛 competition/contest
11. n. 棉花 cotton
12. n.音乐会 concert
13. vt.抄写, 复印；模仿copy
14. adj.方便的 convenient .
15. n.封面 cover
16. n. 炊具 cooker
17. consult vt.请教,咨询，查阅
18. concept n.概念；观念
19. conflict n.冲突
20. conduct vt.进行（实验等）；指挥（乐团）;导(电、热等)
21. congratulation n.祝贺，道喜
22. compose vt.组成；创作(乐曲、诗歌等)
23. critical adj.批评的，评论的；危急的; 至关重要的
24. concerning prep.关于
25. confess vt.承认,坦白
26. creature n.生物（动物或人）
27. continuous adj.不断的
28. complaint n.抱怨；投诉
29. costly 昂贵的；代价高的
30. connection n,连接；联系
31. considerable adj.(数量、程度等)相当大的，可观的
32. crisis n.危机
33. context n.上下文，语境
34. confirm vt. 证实，确认
35. conquer vt. 征服，攻克；克服（困难），革除(坏习惯)
36. convey vt. 运送，传送；传递，传达（思想、感情、信息等）
37. constant adj.不断的;经常的
38. conference n.(正式的）会议
39. crash vi.(飞机)坠毁；（汽车)碰撞
40. comparison n.比较
41. continent n.大陆, 大洲
42. confusion n.混淆，混乱；闲惑，糊涂
43. consume vt. 消耗，消费;吃完，喝光
44. crew (车、船、飞机上的)全体工作人员
45. contract n.合同
46. computerize vt：使电脑化
47. conclude v.下结论称；结束
48. complicated adj.复杂的
49. content n.(常〜s)内容；（常〜s)目录; 含量；满足，满意
50. criminal n.罪犯
情态动词基本用法
1. can、be able to 和could的用法
① can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。如：
Can you use chopsticks?
The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end.
②can和could
can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用can。如：
Could you help me carry the bag?
Can I help you?
课堂练习. 经典例题讲解
1. --Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?
-- I'd love to. But I'm afraid I ____. I have too much work to do.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not
【参考答案】A
【思路解析】 由下文I have too much work to do可知本题选can’t。
2. –Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li?
--No, it ______ be him. Mr Li is much taller.
A. musn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
【参考答案】 C
【思路解析】 本题考查了can’t表示有把握的否定推断。
3. This pen looks like mine, yet it isn’t. whose ______ it be?
A. must B. may C. would D. can
【参考答案】 D
【思路解析】 此题考查的是can在疑问句中表推断的用法。
2. may/might的用法
① may/might表示可能，但may比might可能性大。
如： -Why isn’t he in class?
He may be sick.(生病的可能性较大)
He might be sick.(生病的可能性较小)
② may/might表示“允许”，may用于现在时或将来时，might常用在间接引语中表过去时，但might也可用于现在时间，表示比较委婉的语气，回答用may。
如：
He says we may leave.
He said we might leave.
③ may / might 表示建议或请求，但might比may 更客气，意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。
—May / Might I use your bike?
—Yes, you can / may.
—No, you mustn’t.
课堂练习. 经典例题讲解
1. --______ I borrow your MP3?
--Sure. Here you are.
A. May B. Should C. Must D. Would
【参考答案】A
【思路解析】 本题考查may表示请求的用法。
2. Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
【参考答案】 B
【思路解析】 本题考查了may表示可能的用法。
3. must 和 have to 的用法
① must表示主观的必须，应该，没有时态变化。
如：You must do everything as I do.
have to 表示“必须、不得不”，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，
也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。
如：I have to be at my office every evening.
② mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多种时态中。
如：You mustn’t smoke in the office.
You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.
I have to be at my office every evening.
③must表示肯定的推测。
如：The light is still on, so he must be at home.
课堂练习. 经典例题讲解
1. The new law states that people _________ drive after drinking alcohol.
A. wouldn't B. needn't C. won't D. mustn't
【参考答案】D
【思路解析】根据句意判断：新法律规定：酒后禁止驾车。所以选mustn’t表示禁止。
2. .–Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?
--Sorry, I can’t. I _____ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill.
A. can B. may C. would D. have to
【参考答案】 D
【思路解析】 本题考查have to 表示“必须、不得不”，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事。
4. should 和 ought to 的用法
①should表示建议/劝告/命令，有“应该”之意，ought to表示义务和责任，比should语气强。
如：You should wash your hands first.
Such things ought not to be allowed to happen again.
Since she is not here, we should / ought to be in the classroom.
② should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。
如：Children shouldn’t smoke.
③should可表示陈述意见，推出建议或请求；而ought to可以表示劝告之意。
如：You ought to respect your parents.
He suggested that they should leave at once.
④should表感情色彩，常用以why，how开头的疑问句中。
如：Why shouldn’t you invite him？
⑤ should表示“万一”“如果”。
如：If you should change your mind, do let me know.
课堂练习. 经典例题讲解
1. There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
【参考答案】C
【思路解析】根据句意判断：既然你已经在驾校实践了很多，不应该在通过路考上有困难。
2. You are their teacher. You _________ take care of them.
A. should to B. might to C. ought to D. need to
【参考答案】 C
【思路解析】 本题考查ought to表示义务和责任，比should语气强。
5. will和would的用法
① will 表示意志、意愿，有“愿、要”之意。would是will 的过去式，表示对过去时间的意志、意愿、决心，有“愿、要、偏要”的意思。
如：We will fight on until final victory is won.
I told him not to go ,but he would not listen to me.
② will在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意思，有“你…..好吗、你愿…..”; would表示请求或个人的想法、看法，使语气婉转，有“愿,想要”等意思， 如：
Will you join our discussion?
Would you mind opening the window?
I would like to express my thanks to you.
③ 表示习惯、经常性、倾向性，有“惯于、总是”等意义。would表示过去习惯性的动作，着重动作的重复，有“总是、总会”等意思，有些情况可以和used to do互换。would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某中倾向。would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
如：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
On Sundays he would come to our village and work with us.
课堂练习. 经典例题讲解
1. —Write to me when you get home.
— _____.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
【参考答案】C
【思路解析】本题考查了will 表示意志、意愿，有“愿、要”之意。
2. When he was there, he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
【参考答案】 A
【思路解析】 本题考查would表示过去习惯性的动作，着重动作的重复。
6. need的用法
need 作情态动词使用时，没有人称、数和时态的变化，一般使用于否定句和疑问句中。
① He need not come at once.
② Need he come at once?
③ -- Need you do the thing right now?
--Yes , I must. / --No ,I needn’t.
课堂练习. 经典例题讲解
1. I ______ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. daren’t D. needn’t
【参考答案】D
【思路解析】本题考查了need的否定形式，表示没有必要做。
课堂练习：语法填空
1. Audiences ________ seem to get enough of him! A second Thor film, Thor 2, is due out in 2013.
2. Strasser said Lowell got in through the back door, which he kept open at night so that Bonnie _______ get into the backyard.
3. At the same time, melting sea ice also release more ocean water, which result in increased water vapor in the atmosphere that be transferred into snow.
4. The language and tone you use ___ be proper for your purpose, for your audience, and for the occasion.
5. You just smile as if everything is fine. I’m not asking you to tell me what to do, but what you think we _____ do.
6. This is the difficulty you _______only deal with by patience and kindness.
7. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India ______ still be part of the British Empire.
8. It dawns on him that love is not just hugging and kissing, or always warm and affectionate, but ________ well be cold and stern in appearance. In fact, mature love often requires self-discipline and self-sacrifice.
9. Through the years, the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents ________ not afford it.
10. In New York, “I’m having a dinner party” means “I’m booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you __________ hardly afford and we’ll be sharing the check evenly, whatever you eat.”
11. One in every seven human beings ___________ speak it.
12. This was terrible. She _____ hardly go anywhere in public.
13. It _______ feel like we “have to” do certain things, but, in reality, we have complete control over how we spend our time.
14. In my opinion, it is possible for you to find some real good friends with the help of new technology but you ______ ______ take care.
Keys: can’t, could, can, must, can / must / should / could, can, might, could, may, can, can, can, could, might, have to/ought to
情态动词特殊用法---表示推测或者判断
下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：
情态动词
对现在和未来的推测
对过去的推测
使用场合
must
must + 动词原形
must have done
肯定句
may/ might
may / might + 动词原形
May / might have done
肯定句、否定句
can /could
can / could do
Can / could have done
否定句、疑问名（could可用于肯定句）
should
用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should do/be
should have done
肯定句、否定句、疑问句
如：
It must have rained last night.
She may not be at home. = It is possible that she is not at home.
She can’t be at home. = It is impossible that she is at home.
They should be there right now.
（1）must表示推测
1） must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。
2） must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的
进行式。如：
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.
你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较：
He must be staying there. 他现在肯定在那里。
He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。
3） must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。如：
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
4） must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。如：
---Why didn't you answer my phone call? 为何不接我的电话？
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.唉，肯定在睡觉，所以没有听见。
5） 否定推测用can't。如：
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.
如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
（2）情态动词+have+过去分词
1）must +have +done
must +have +done结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生行为的推测，含有“一定”、“准是”的意思。否定和疑问句用can。
She must have studied English before.她以前一定学过英语。
It must have rained last night. 昨晚一定下过雨。
2）can’t/couldn’t have done
can’t/couldn’t have done结构用于对过去发生行为的否定推测，表示“不可能”。
He can’t /couldn’t have finished the homework by himself, for he spent most of his time playing games yesterday. 他不可能是自己完成家庭作业的，因为昨天他玩了很久的游戏。
3）could have done
could have done结构也可以表示对过去发生行为的推测，含有 “可能已经……”的意思。
What you referred to just now can have made her very sad.
你刚刚所谈到的可能令他很伤心。
但could have done用于虚拟语气中，可以表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。如：
I could have come on time, but my car broke down on the way.
我原本可以准时到达的，但是我的车在路上抛锚了。
4) should have done
“should +have +过去分词”的结构，表示过去该做而实际上尚未做的动作或行为；其否定则表示发生了不应该发生的行为。其同义结构“ought to have +过去分词”,表示过去“早应该”、“本当”之意，语气较强。如：
I should have thought of that. 这一点我是应当想到的。（但没想到）
They should not have left so soon. 他们不应当走得这么早。（但已走了）
而shouldn’t have done/oughtn’t to have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如：
You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents.
另外，should have done还有为“竟然做了某事”的意思。
课堂练习：选择最佳答案
1. —Why aren’t they here yet?
—They ________ the bus.
A. can have missed B. must be late for
C. may have missed D. might be late for
2. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. need not have arrived
3. I parked my car right here but now it's gone. It _____.
A. must be stolen B. may be stolen
C. must have stolen D. must have been stolen
4. ---Have you seen our English teacher?
---No, but where ______he______?
A. can ,have gone B. must ,have gone
C. may, have gone D. could , have been
5. The room is in a terrible mess; it ____cleaned.
A. can't have been B. shouldn't have been C. mustn't have been D. wouldn't have been
6. I was really anxious about you. You_______ home without a word.(NMET 2001)
A. mustn’t have B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t have
7. — I’m sorry. I ______ at you the other day.
—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted
C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted
8. The petrol tank is empty. I _________it up before we left home.
A. had to fill B. would have filled
C. should have filled D. could have filled
9. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ___so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
10. I am feeling sick. I____ so much chocolate.
A. needn't have eaten B. couldn't have eaten
C. mustn't have eaten D. shouldn't have eaten
Keys: CCD A A BBCCD
一．单句语法新题型
1. According to the new regulations, one ______ pass night driving test for the license.
2. In order to avoid fires or explosions, people ________ not use mobile phones at gas stations.
3. – Who _____ be phoning us at this time of night?
– It might be your sister.
4. -- My e-dictionary is nowhere to be found. Who have taken it?
-- I don’t know. But keep looking and you will find it.
5. They have promised the money collected be handed to the charity house.
6. Babies given more love and affection by their mothers _______ deal better with stress and anxiety when they grow up.
7. — Sunny had to give a speech in front of 500 people yesterday.
—Whew! That’s a big audience. She ______ have been nervous at the beginning
8. Often, when he ________ have been doing something useful, he wasted his time playing computer games.
9. - Will you stay for the dinner?
-Sorry, I _______not. The cookers I bought online will be sent to my house this afternoon.
10. Actually you _____not have brought the dictionary here. You are not allowed to use it.
Keys: must, must, can, could, shall, might, must, should, can, need
二．语篇语法新题型
(A)
English is (25) _____ (widely) used language in the history of our planet. One in every seven human beings (26) _____ speak it. More than half of the world’s books and three quarters of international mail are in English. Of all languages, English has the largest vocabulary — perhaps as many as two million words.
However, let’s face it: English is a crazy language. There is no egg in (27) _____ eggplant, neither pine nor apple in a pineapple and no ham in a hamburger. Sweet-meats are candy, while sweetbreads, (28) _____ aren’t sweet, are meat.
We take English (29) ____ granted. But when we explore its paradoxes (矛盾), we find that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square, public bathrooms have no baths in them.
And why is it (30) _____ a writer writes, but fingers don’t fing, grocers don’t groce, and hammers don’t ham? If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn’t the plural of booth be beeth?
How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites? How can overlook and oversee be opposites, while quite a lot and quite a few are alike? How can the weather be hot as hell one day and cold as hell the next?
So far English, (31) _____ (invent) by people not computers, (32) _____ (reflect) the creativity of human beings.
(B)
The (33) _____ (ring) bell indicated the end of the last class on Friday afternoon. Students swarmed out of the classrooms and headed back to their dormitories. Only Xiao Di headed to another classroom. “Go ahead and have dinner. Don’t wait for me,” the 20-year-old told her friends. “I have to get to a good seat for my minor subject.”
Like Xiao, many students are signing up for minor subjects in their spare time. (34) _____ the reasons are different, they all believe that taking a minor subject is a rewarding experience.
Li Keren, 22, is a senior who (35) _____ (involve) in finance at Tianjin University of Finance & Economics now. He enrolled in international finance as his minor subject and managed to stay on top in (36) ____ of his major and minor subjects.
“Different from most students, I pay equal attention to my major and minor subject,” he says. He thinks that students have signed up for minor subjects (37) _____ they have the energy and time to do so. The disadvantage of (38) _____ (pay) less attention to a minor subject, according to Li, is (39) _____ students may not get a comprehensive understanding of the subject.
Therefore, what students should do is (40) ____ (devote) the same energy and time to their major subject as before, while sacrificing their spare time to work on their minor subject. “Considering your future, it’s a worthwhile effort,” he says.
Keys:
25. the most widely 26. can 27. an 28. which 29. for 30. that 31. invented 32. has reflected/ has been reflecting 33. ringing 34. Though 35. is involved 36. both 37. because 38. paying 39. that 40. to devote
Three【浦东新区】
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
In a class this past December, after I wrote some directions on the board for students about their final examination, one young woman quickly took a picture of the board using her smart phone. When I looked in her direction, she apologized, “Sorry. Was it wrong to take a picture?”
“I can’t read my own handwriting,” the young woman explained. “It’s best if I take a picture of your writing so I can understand the notes.”
That remark started a class-wide conversation about taking a picture instead of taking notes. For those in the photo-taking camp, motivations extended beyond their inability to comprehend their own handwriting. Some took pictures of notes because they knew their phone was a safe place to store material. They might lose paper, they reasoned, but they wouldn’t lose their phones. Some took photos because they wanted to record exactly the manner in which I had noted information on the board. Others told me that during class they liked to be able to listen to the discussion attentively.
Yet the use of cameras as note takers, though it may be convenient, does raise significant questions for the classroom. Is a picture an effective replacement for the process of note-taking?
Instructors encourage students to take notes because the act of doing so is more than merely recording necessary information—it helps prepare the way for understanding. Encouraging students to take notes may be an old-fashioned instructional method, but just because a method has a long history doesn’t mean it’s out of date. Writing things down engages a student’s brain in listening, visual, and kinesthetic(触觉的)learning—a view supported by a longstanding research. The act of writing down information enables a person to begin committing it to memory, and to process and combine it, establishing the building blocks of learning new concepts.
Taking a picture does indeed record the information, but it deletes some of the necessary mental engagement that taking notes employs. So can the two be equally effective?
66. The woman apologized in the class because she_________.
A. had the bad handwriting B. missed the teachers’ directions
C. took a picture of the board D. disturbed other students’ learning
67. According to the passage, which of the following may NOT explain students’ reluctance to take notes?
A. They lack proper techniques for taking notes.
B. They want to listen more attentively in class.
C. They believe smart phones are much safer for storing notes.
D. They want to have the exact version of the notes on the board.
68. According to the passage, taking notes by hand__________.
A. requires students to think independently
B. helps students actively participate in learning
C. proves to be an old and useless learning method
D. seems unsuitable for students to learn new ideas
69. What is this passage mainly about?
A. The traditional way of note-taking should be replaced.
B. A modern way of note-taking is catching on.
C. Note-taking by hand is not out of date.
D. A picture is worth a thousand words.
（B）
Travelling Brochure
Travelling Information in Melbourne, Australia
Tour Name: Phillip Island, Penguins, Koalas and Kangaroos
Price: Starting from AUD $115 per person
l Tour Highlights
² Visit Warrook, a working cattle farm. Enjoy the opportunity to pat and feed kangaroos, wallabies and host of farm animals.
² Watch koalas in their natural habitat at the Koala Conservation Centre.
² View impressive coastal scenery at Nobbies. From the walkway, see Australia’s largest population of fur seals living along the southern coastline.
² Visit the educational and interesting Phillip Island Visitors Information Centre.
² Viewing Platform Penguin Plus — More personalized wildlife viewing limited to 130 people providing closer viewing of the penguin arrival than the main viewing stand.
l Additional info
² This tour must be booked at least 24 hours in advance of your travel date.
² Confirmation for this product will be received within 24 hours, subject to availability.
² Please remember to bring warm, waterproof clothing on this tour. You may also wish to bring a towel or a rug to sit on at the Penguin Parade viewing platform.
l Pricing Policy
² Children aged between 3 and 14 years inclusive qualify for child rate.
² Kids aged 2 years and under travel free of charge, providing they are not occupy a coach seat.
Phillip Island, Penguins, Koalas and Kangaroos Per person
Season
Aug.1, 2015 to Mar 31, 2016
Tour Code
Days of Week
Adult
Child
Tour only
Mon...Sun
$115.00
$58.00
Tour including Viewing
Platform Penguin Plus
Mon...Sun
$140.00
$83.00
l Travel Voucher (凭据)
Please download Travel Voucher from this website. For every confirmed booking you will be required to print a voucher which is presented at the destination. You will receive a link to your voucher by email once your booking is confirmed.
70. The visitor will go to all the following places EXCEPT_________.
A. Warrook Cattle farm. B. Australian Eastern coastline.
C. Koala Conservation Center. D. Phillip Island Visitors Information Centre.
71. Which of the following group need only pay $58 per person?
A. Adult tourists. B. 2-year-old kids
C. Kids between 3 and 14. D. Babies in arms
72. Tourists are reminded to bring a towel or a rug because__________
A. they will lie on the coast B. they may want to sit on the platform
C.it makes them warm D. they will swim during the tour
(C)
The family does not feature heavily in the culture of the Ik of Northern Uganda. In fact, as jar as the Ik are concerned the family means very little. This is because the Ik face a daily struggle to survive in the face of draught, famine and starvation. Anyone who cannot take care of himself or herself is regarded as a useless burden by the Ik and a threat to the survival of the others. So the old are abandoned to die. Sick and disabled children too are abandoned. The Ik attitude is that, as long as you keep the breeding group alive, you can always get more children.
lk mothers throw their children out of the village compound when they are 3 years old, to defend for themselves. I imagine children must be rather relieved to be thrown out for in the process of being cared for, he or she is reluctantly carried about in a hide sling (背婴儿带) wherever the mother goes. Whenever the mother is in her field, she loosens the sling and Jets the baby to the ground none too slowly, and laugh if it is hurt. Then she goes about her business, leaving the child there, almost hoping that some fierce animals will come along and carry it off. This sometimes happens. Such behavior does not endear children to their parents or parents to their children.
Many of you probably reacted to the Ik with some horror and shock. It is very tempting to conclude that these people are primitive, savage and inhuman, and that their concept of the ‘family’ is deeply wrong. However, sociologists argue that it is wrong to simply judge such societies and their family arrangements as unnatural and untypical. We need to understand that such arrangements may have positive functions. In the case of the Ik, with the exceptional circumstances they find themselves in-drought and famine-their family arrangements help ensure the survival of the tribe.
Moreover, some of you may have concluded that British family life and the Ik have some things in common. British family is not universally experienced as positive for all family members. For some members of our own society-for young and old alike-family life may be characterized by violence, abuse and isolation.
The problem with studying the family is that we all think we are experts. This is not surprising, considering that most of us are born in families and socialized into family roles and responsibilities. It is an institution most of us feel very comfortable with and regard as ‘natural’. For many of us, it is a cornerstone of our social world, a place to which we can retreat and take refuge from the stresses of the outside world. It is the place in which we are loved for who we are, rather than what we are. Family living and family events are probably the most important aspects of our lives. It is no wander that we tend to hold very fierce, emotional, and perhaps irrational views about family life and how it ought to be organized. Such ‘taken for granted’ views make it very difficult for us to objectively examine family arrangements that differ from our own experience ------ such as those of the Ik ------ without making critical judgements.
73. Which of the following ideas do the Ik hold according to the passage?
A. The family is the centre of their life.
B. The old am the luxuries they should treasure.
C. Their children should be abandoned when born.
D. The survival of the tribe is what they should strive for.
74. Which of the following will the author probably agree with in the case of Ik?
A. The children are a great burden to their family.
B. Mothers prefer to carry their children here and there.
C. The children enjoy warm relationship with their parents.
D. litany children should be left at the mercy of fierce animals in the field.
75. According to the author, both British family life and that of the Ik __________.
A. contain negative elements B. ensure longevity
C. experience ups and downs D. endear family members
76. All of the following statements support "family is the cornerstone" EXCEPT that ______.
A. we tam to family as our harbour in heart
B. we find we love and are loved in the family
C. we believe family is the top priority in our life
D. we pour our bad mood upon our family members
77. The author writes this passage to tell us __________.
A. family life has various positive functions
B. the idea of family is universally accepted
C. the family is evolving with the time at a high speed
D. we should examine the concept of family objectively
答案：
66-69 CABC 71-72 BCB 73. D 74. A 75. A 76. D 77. D
课后作业
．
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. wandered B. applications C. intellectual D. occurred E. extraordinary
F. objectives G. relatively H. release I. threatening J. accomplished K. completely
John Nash, a Nobel Prize winner and mathematical genius whose struggle with mental illness was documented in the Oscar-winning film "A Beautiful Mind", was killed in a car accident on Saturday. He was 86. The accident ___41___ when the taxi Nash was traveling in ran into another car on the New Jersey Turnpike. Neither of the two drivers involved in the accident underwent life-___42___ injuries.
At Princeton, Nash published a 27-page essay about the field of game theory, which led to ___43___ in economics, international politics, and evolutionary biology. His signature solution found that competition among two opponents is not necessarily governed by zero-sum logic. Two opponents can, for instance, each achieve their maximum ___44___ through cooperating with the other, or gain nothing at all by refusing to cooperate. This simple understanding is now regarded as one of the most important social science ideas in the 20th century, and a proof to his almost unique ___45___ gifts.
But in the late 1950s, Nash began a slide into mental illness and each therapy failed to cure him, and for much of the next three decades, Nash ___46___ freely on the Princeton campus, scratching his hands on empty blackboards and staring blankly ahead in the library. Robert Wright remembers Nash as “some math genius that went crazy” who wore colorful shoes and quietly watched people. His mental illness removed him ___47___ from his work. By the time Nash was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994, he hadn’t published a paper in 36 years.
But like a child cured of a terrible dream by the switch of a light, Nash recovered from his illness seemingly by choosing not to be sick anymore. Five years later, the ___48___ of the film “A Beautiful Mind”, based on Sylvia Nasar’s 1998 book of the same name, expanded Nash’s ___49___ life story to an international audience. He continued to work, travel, and speak at conferences for the rest of his life.
It’s tempting to wonder what Nash might have ___50___, had mental illness not robbed him of so many productive years. “Because the ideas I had about super natural beings came to me the same way that my mathematical ideas did,” said Nash. “So I took them seriously.”
D I B F C A K H E J
Two【黄浦区】
A. minerals B. agriculture C. profitable D. available E. shortages
F. celebrations G. immigrants H. increased I. population J. fashionable K. opened
Chinese traders were recorded as making voyages to the north coast of Australia from the 1750s, but were probably visiting Australia long before. Chinese men arrived in Australia in small numbers after the 1788 British settlement as free settlers and criminals. A small population grew rapidly after 1848 under a system of indentured （契约的 labour, after China had __41__ its ports to foreign trade in 1842. They worked in rural New South Wales as cooks，farm labours and etc.
Indentured Chinese __42__ worked in all colonies variously as station hands，plantation workers, miners, on public works, cabinet makers, personal servants and in laundries. Most came from the south-eastern provinces of Guangdong and Fujian.
Due to labour __43__ in west Australia ，the colonial government organized Chinese contract labour between 1847 and 1898，most working as labourers, cooks and gardeners. Many Chinese came from rural backgrounds and brought with them __44__ and water management skills. By 1885, there were 54 Chinese market gardens in Sydney. By 1901, 67% of the New South Wales market gardeners were Chinese.
Gold rushes in Victoria in the 1850s and New South Wales in the 1860s significantly __45__ the population of Chinese immigrants in Australia；about 45,000 prospectors arrived in Victoria alone in 1854-58. Numbers continued to increase as gold and other __46__ were discovered in Queensland, North Territory and Tasmania.
When mining became less __47__，many Chinese people worked successfully to provide goods and services such as furniture making，market gardening, fishing and, particularly, store-keeping including the import and export of goods from overseas. Chinese goods，especially tea， silk，vegetables, herbs and other spices were highly sought after items of trade by non-Chinese people. Tea rooms, importing and selling many varieties of tea，were very popular. Chinese silk was turned into __48___ evening wear and cloaks by Chinese tailors and seamstresses.
Today there is a culturally diverse Chinese __49___ in Australia with links to south-eastern China as well as Vietnam and Hong Kong. The Chinese communities in Australia are brought together every day by __50 __of Lunar New Year.
答案：
41. K 42. G 43.E 44.B 45. H 46. A 47.C 48.J 49.I 50. F
Three【浦东新区】
A. risky B. solution C. adaptation D.genetic E. restricted
F. partially G ruined H. inconvenience I.occur J. qualify K. completely
SEATTLE-For the more than 10 million Americans with colorblindness, there's never been a treatment, let alone a cure, for the condition that leaves them unable to distinguish curtain colors.
Now, for the first time, two University of Washington professors have teamed with a California biotech firm to develop what they say may be a 41 : a single shot in the eye that can reveal the world in full color.
Jay and Maureen Neitz, who have studied the vision disorder for years, have found a new way to deliver genes that can replace missing color-producing proteins in certain cells, called cones, in the eyes.
The trouble will 42 when people are born without one or more of the three types of color-sensing proteins normally present in the cones of the retina(视网膜). The most common type is red-green colorblindness, followed by blue-yellow colorblindness. A very small proportion of the population is 43 colorblind, seeing only shades of gray.
Colorblindness is often a/an 44 disorder. It affects mostly men, who can inherit a mutation(变异)on the X chromosome(染色体)that weakens their perception of red and green. A much smaller part of cases are in women, who have two X chromosomes, which gives them a better chance of avoiding effects of any genetic imperfection.
Most people think of colorblindness as a/an 45 or disability, mainly causing problems with unmatched shirts and socks. But the Neitzes say the condition can have profound impacts-limiting choices for education or careers, making driving dangerous, and forcing continual 46 to a world designed for color vision.
"There are an awful lot of people who feel like their life is 47 because they don't see color," said Jay Neitz, 61, a professor, who confirmed in 1989 that dogs are colorblind, too.
People may not 48 as commercial pilots, for instance, if they're colorblind. Other careers that can be 49 include those of chefs, decorators, electricians and house painters, all of which require detailed color vision.
Undoubtedly, the Neitzes' findings have brought great benefits to those who are born unable to distinguish between red and green. But that technique is 50 , requiring surgery, so the Neitzes are looking for another way to do the job.
答案：41. B 42. I 43.K 44.D 45. H 46. C 47.G 48.J 49. E 50. A
2021-2022学年高一升高二英语暑期讲义（上海通用版）
第14讲 考纲词汇&情态动词&综合运用 教师版
教学内容
一、 上次课考纲词汇默写
高考英语词组测验5(P49-60)
1. 总工程师/总编/主厨
2. 赢得冠军头衔
3. 别无选择，只得…
4. 逐渐意识到…
5. 以…为特征
6. 头等舱/经济舱
7. 办理住宿手续;办理飞机的搭乘手续
8. ten degrees centigrade 10
9. 去做礼拜
10. 以支票付款
11. 恢复知觉，苏醒
12. under/in no circumstances
13. 迎接挑战
14. 从…中挑选
15. 把A 比作 B
16. 将某物更换为同种物品的一件
17. 去看电影
18. 下棋
19. 开/闭幕式
20. 古典音乐
21. 负责，掌管
22. 声称…
23. 错过机会
24. 得了（重）感
25. 有很多/没有共同之处
26. 连锁店
27. 陪伴某人
28. (天空)放晴
29. off the coast
30. 把A与B相结合
31. 点击鼠标
32. 收藏了大量的
33. 婚礼/毕业典礼/颁奖典礼
34. 常识
35. 凡事都有两面性
36. 选择做
37. 在童年
38. (使)振奋
39. 与…交流
40. …是确实的
41. 偶然遇到
42. 评论…
43. 在平安夜
44. 谴责/控告某人…
45. 精通…
46. 在21 世纪
47. 想出，找出（答案、计划等）
48. 免费
49. 炸鱼加炸土豆条
50. keep the change
高考英语单词测验6(P61—72)
1. n.信心、confidence
2. n. 一对，一双；夫妇 couple
3. vt.包含 contain
4. 改正，纠正；批阅（试卷等）correct
5. adj.有创造力的 creative
6. adv.完全地 completely
7. n.合作 cooperation
8. v.贡献；捐献 contribute
9. n. 堂（或表）兄弟；堂（或表）姐妹 cousin
10. n.竞赛 competition/contest
11. n. 棉花 cotton
12. n.音乐会 concert
13. vt.抄写, 复印；模仿copy
14. adj.方便的 convenient .
15. n.封面 cover
16. n. 炊具 cooker
17. consult vt.请教,咨询，查阅
18. concept n.概念；观念
19. conflict n.冲突
20. conduct vt.进行（实验等）；指挥（乐团）;导(电、热等)
21. congratulation n.祝贺，道喜
22. compose vt.组成；创作(乐曲、诗歌等)
23. critical adj.批评的，评论的；危急的; 至关重要的
24. concerning prep.关于
25. confess vt.承认,坦白
26. creature n.生物（动物或人）
27. continuous adj.不断的
28. complaint n.抱怨；投诉
29. costly 昂贵的；代价高的
30. connection n,连接；联系
31. considerable adj.(数量、程度等)相当大的，可观的
32. crisis n.危机
33. context n.上下文，语境
34. confirm vt. 证实，确认
35. conquer vt. 征服，攻克；克服（困难），革除(坏习惯)
36. convey vt. 运送，传送；传递，传达（思想、感情、信息等）
37. constant adj.不断的;经常的
38. conference n.(正式的）会议
39. crash vi.(飞机)坠毁；（汽车)碰撞
40. comparison n.比较
41. continent n.大陆, 大洲
42. confusion n.混淆，混乱；闲惑，糊涂
43. consume vt. 消耗，消费;吃完，喝光
44. crew (车、船、飞机上的)全体工作人员
45. contract n.合同
46. computerize vt：使电脑化
47. conclude v.下结论称；结束
48. complicated adj.复杂的
49. content n.(常〜s)内容；（常〜s)目录; 含量；满足，满意
50. criminal n.罪犯
情态动词基本用法
1. can、be able to 和could的用法
① can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。如：
Can you use chopsticks?
The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end.
②can和could
can和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用can。如：
Could you help me carry the bag?
Can I help you?
课堂练习. 经典例题讲解
1. --Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?
-- I'd love to. But I'm afraid I ____. I have too much work to do.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not
【参考答案】A
【思路解析】 由下文I have too much work to do可知本题选can’t。
2. –Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li?
--No, it ______ be him. Mr Li is much taller.
A. musn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
【参考答案】 C
【思路解析】 本题考查了can’t表示有把握的否定推断。
3. This pen looks like mine, yet it isn’t. whose ______ it be?
A. must B. may C. would D. can
【参考答案】 D
【思路解析】 此题考查的是can在疑问句中表推断的用法。
2. may/might的用法
① may/might表示可能，但may比might可能性大。
如： -Why isn’t he in class?
He may be sick.(生病的可能性较大)
He might be sick.(生病的可能性较小)
② may/might表示“允许”，may用于现在时或将来时，might常用在间接引语中表过去时，但might也可用于现在时间，表示比较委婉的语气，回答用may。
如：
He says we may leave.
He said we might leave.
③ may / might 表示建议或请求，但might比may 更客气，意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。
—May / Might I use your bike?
—Yes, you can / may.
—No, you mustn’t.
课堂练习. 经典例题讲解
1. --______ I borrow your MP3?
--Sure. Here you are.
A. May B. Should C. Must D. Would
【参考答案】A
【思路解析】 本题考查may表示请求的用法。
2. Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
【参考答案】 B
【思路解析】 本题考查了may表示可能的用法。
3. must 和 have to 的用法
① must表示主观的必须，应该，没有时态变化。
如：You must do everything as I do.
have to 表示“必须、不得不”，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，
也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。
如：I have to be at my office every evening.
② mustn’t 表示禁止做某事。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多种时态中。
如：You mustn’t smoke in the office.
You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.
I have to be at my office every evening.
③must表示肯定的推测。
如：The light is still on, so he must be at home.
课堂练习. 经典例题讲解
1. The new law states that people _________ drive after drinking alcohol.
A. wouldn't B. needn't C. won't D. mustn't
【参考答案】D
【思路解析】根据句意判断：新法律规定：酒后禁止驾车。所以选mustn’t表示禁止。
2. .–Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?
--Sorry, I can’t. I _____ take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill.
A. can B. may C. would D. have to
【参考答案】 D
【思路解析】 本题考查have to 表示“必须、不得不”，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事。
4. should 和 ought to 的用法
①should表示建议/劝告/命令，有“应该”之意，ought to表示义务和责任，比should语气强。
如：You should wash your hands first.
Such things ought not to be allowed to happen again.
Since she is not here, we should / ought to be in the classroom.
② should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。
如：Children shouldn’t smoke.
③should可表示陈述意见，推出建议或请求；而ought to可以表示劝告之意。
如：You ought to respect your parents.
He suggested that they should leave at once.
④should表感情色彩，常用以why，how开头的疑问句中。
如：Why shouldn’t you invite him？
⑤ should表示“万一”“如果”。
如：If you should change your mind, do let me know.
课堂练习. 经典例题讲解
1. There _________ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
A. mustn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
【参考答案】C
【思路解析】根据句意判断：既然你已经在驾校实践了很多，不应该在通过路考上有困难。
2. You are their teacher. You _________ take care of them.
A. should to B. might to C. ought to D. need to
【参考答案】 C
【思路解析】 本题考查ought to表示义务和责任，比should语气强。
5. will和would的用法
① will 表示意志、意愿，有“愿、要”之意。would是will 的过去式，表示对过去时间的意志、意愿、决心，有“愿、要、偏要”的意思。
如：We will fight on until final victory is won.
I told him not to go ,but he would not listen to me.
② will在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问对方的意思，有“你…..好吗、你愿…..”; would表示请求或个人的想法、看法，使语气婉转，有“愿,想要”等意思， 如：
Will you join our discussion?
Would you mind opening the window?
I would like to express my thanks to you.
③ 表示习惯、经常性、倾向性，有“惯于、总是”等意义。would表示过去习惯性的动作，着重动作的重复，有“总是、总会”等意思，有些情况可以和used to do互换。would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某中倾向。would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
如：Every morning he will have a walk along this river.
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
On Sundays he would come to our village and work with us.
课堂练习. 经典例题讲解
1. —Write to me when you get home.
— _____.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
【参考答案】C
【思路解析】本题考查了will 表示意志、意愿，有“愿、要”之意。
2. When he was there, he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
【参考答案】 A
【思路解析】 本题考查would表示过去习惯性的动作，着重动作的重复。
6. need的用法
need 作情态动词使用时，没有人称、数和时态的变化，一般使用于否定句和疑问句中。
① He need not come at once.
② Need he come at once?
③ -- Need you do the thing right now?
--Yes , I must. / --No ,I needn’t.
课堂练习. 经典例题讲解
1. I ______ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. daren’t D. needn’t
【参考答案】D
【思路解析】本题考查了need的否定形式，表示没有必要做。
课堂练习：语法填空
1. Audiences ________ seem to get enough of him! A second Thor film, Thor 2, is due out in 2013.
2. Strasser said Lowell got in through the back door, which he kept open at night so that Bonnie _______ get into the backyard.
3. At the same time, melting sea ice also release more ocean water, which result in increased water vapor in the atmosphere that be transferred into snow.
4. The language and tone you use ___ be proper for your purpose, for your audience, and for the occasion.
5. You just smile as if everything is fine. I’m not asking you to tell me what to do, but what you think we _____ do.
6. This is the difficulty you _______only deal with by patience and kindness.
7. They create new possibilities. Without Gandhi, India ______ still be part of the British Empire.
8. It dawns on him that love is not just hugging and kissing, or always warm and affectionate, but ________ well be cold and stern in appearance. In fact, mature love often requires self-discipline and self-sacrifice.
9. Through the years, the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents ________ not afford it.
10. In New York, “I’m having a dinner party” means “I’m booking a table for 12 at a restaurant you __________ hardly afford and we’ll be sharing the check evenly, whatever you eat.”
11. One in every seven human beings ___________ speak it.
12. This was terrible. She _____ hardly go anywhere in public.
13. It _______ feel like we “have to” do certain things, but, in reality, we have complete control over how we spend our time.
14. In my opinion, it is possible for you to find some real good friends with the help of new technology but you ______ ______ take care.
Keys: can’t, could, can, must, can / must / should / could, can, might, could, may, can, can, can, could, might, have to/ought to
情态动词特殊用法---表示推测或者判断
下表即是表示推测的情态动词使用的场合：
情态动词
对现在和未来的推测
对过去的推测
使用场合
must
must + 动词原形
must have done
肯定句
may/ might
may / might + 动词原形
May / might have done
肯定句、否定句
can /could
can / could do
Can / could have done
否定句、疑问名（could可用于肯定句）
should
用来表示一种估计的情况“按理会/估计会”should do/be
should have done
肯定句、否定句、疑问句
如：
It must have rained last night.
She may not be at home. = It is possible that she is not at home.
She can’t be at home. = It is impossible that she is at home.
They should be there right now.
（1）must表示推测
1） must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为"一定"。
2） must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时，must 后面通常接系动词be 的原形或行为动词的
进行式。如：
You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.
你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。（对现在情况的推测判断）
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较：
He must be staying there. 他现在肯定在那里。
He must stay there. 他必须呆在那。
3） must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时，must 要接完成式。如：
I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。
4） must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测，must 后面要接不定式的完成进行式。如：
---Why didn't you answer my phone call? 为何不接我的电话？
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.唉，肯定在睡觉，所以没有听见。
5） 否定推测用can't。如：
If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.
如果汤姆五点才离开这儿，他此时一定还未到家。
（2）情态动词+have+过去分词
1）must +have +done
must +have +done结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生行为的推测，含有“一定”、“准是”的意思。否定和疑问句用can。
She must have studied English before.她以前一定学过英语。
It must have rained last night. 昨晚一定下过雨。
2）can’t/couldn’t have done
can’t/couldn’t have done结构用于对过去发生行为的否定推测，表示“不可能”。
He can’t /couldn’t have finished the homework by himself, for he spent most of his time playing games yesterday. 他不可能是自己完成家庭作业的，因为昨天他玩了很久的游戏。
3）could have done
could have done结构也可以表示对过去发生行为的推测，含有 “可能已经……”的意思。
What you referred to just now can have made her very sad.
你刚刚所谈到的可能令他很伤心。
但could have done用于虚拟语气中，可以表示“本来有可能……而事实上未做到”。如：
I could have come on time, but my car broke down on the way.
我原本可以准时到达的，但是我的车在路上抛锚了。
4) should have done
“should +have +过去分词”的结构，表示过去该做而实际上尚未做的动作或行为；其否定则表示发生了不应该发生的行为。其同义结构“ought to have +过去分词”,表示过去“早应该”、“本当”之意，语气较强。如：
I should have thought of that. 这一点我是应当想到的。（但没想到）
They should not have left so soon. 他们不应当走得这么早。（但已走了）
而shouldn’t have done/oughtn’t to have done则表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。如：
You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents.
另外，should have done还有为“竟然做了某事”的意思。
课堂练习：选择最佳答案
1. —Why aren’t they here yet?
—They ________ the bus.
A. can have missed B. must be late for
C. may have missed D. might be late for
2. Jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
A. mustn’t have arrived B. shouldn’t have arrived
C. can’t have arrived D. need not have arrived
3. I parked my car right here but now it's gone. It _____.
A. must be stolen B. may be stolen
C. must have stolen D. must have been stolen
4. ---Have you seen our English teacher?
---No, but where ______he______?
A. can ,have gone B. must ,have gone
C. may, have gone D. could , have been
5. The room is in a terrible mess; it ____cleaned.
A. can't have been B. shouldn't have been C. mustn't have been D. wouldn't have been
6. I was really anxious about you. You_______ home without a word.(NMET 2001)
A. mustn’t have B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t have
7. — I’m sorry. I ______ at you the other day.
—Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself.
A. shouldn’t shout B. shouldn’t have shouted
C. mustn’t shout D. mustn’t have shouted
8. The petrol tank is empty. I _________it up before we left home.
A. had to fill B. would have filled
C. should have filled D. could have filled
9. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ___so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
10. I am feeling sick. I____ so much chocolate.
A. needn't have eaten B. couldn't have eaten
C. mustn't have eaten D. shouldn't have eaten
Keys: CCD A A BBCCD
一．单句语法新题型
1. According to the new regulations, one ______ pass night driving test for the license.
2. In order to avoid fires or explosions, people ________ not use mobile phones at gas stations.
3. – Who _____ be phoning us at this time of night?
– It might be your sister.
4. -- My e-dictionary is nowhere to be found. Who have taken it?
-- I don’t know. But keep looking and you will find it.
5. They have promised the money collected be handed to the charity house.
6. Babies given more love and affection by their mothers _______ deal better with stress and anxiety when they grow up.
7. — Sunny had to give a speech in front of 500 people yesterday.
—Whew! That’s a big audience. She ______ have been nervous at the beginning
8. Often, when he ________ have been doing something useful, he wasted his time playing computer games.
9. - Will you stay for the dinner?
-Sorry, I _______not. The cookers I bought online will be sent to my house this afternoon.
10. Actually you _____not have brought the dictionary here. You are not allowed to use it.
Keys: must, must, can, could, shall, might, must, should, can, need
二．语篇语法新题型
(A)
English is (25) _____ (widely) used language in the history of our planet. One in every seven human beings (26) _____ speak it. More than half of the world’s books and three quarters of international mail are in English. Of all languages, English has the largest vocabulary — perhaps as many as two million words.
However, let’s face it: English is a crazy language. There is no egg in (27) _____ eggplant, neither pine nor apple in a pineapple and no ham in a hamburger. Sweet-meats are candy, while sweetbreads, (28) _____ aren’t sweet, are meat.
We take English (29) ____ granted. But when we explore its paradoxes (矛盾), we find that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square, public bathrooms have no baths in them.
And why is it (30) _____ a writer writes, but fingers don’t fing, grocers don’t groce, and hammers don’t ham? If the plural of tooth is teeth, shouldn’t the plural of booth be beeth?
How can a slim chance and a fat chance be the same, while a wise man and a wise guy are opposites? How can overlook and oversee be opposites, while quite a lot and quite a few are alike? How can the weather be hot as hell one day and cold as hell the next?
So far English, (31) _____ (invent) by people not computers, (32) _____ (reflect) the creativity of human beings.
(B)
The (33) _____ (ring) bell indicated the end of the last class on Friday afternoon. Students swarmed out of the classrooms and headed back to their dormitories. Only Xiao Di headed to another classroom. “Go ahead and have dinner. Don’t wait for me,” the 20-year-old told her friends. “I have to get to a good seat for my minor subject.”
Like Xiao, many students are signing up for minor subjects in their spare time. (34) _____ the reasons are different, they all believe that taking a minor subject is a rewarding experience.
Li Keren, 22, is a senior who (35) _____ (involve) in finance at Tianjin University of Finance & Economics now. He enrolled in international finance as his minor subject and managed to stay on top in (36) ____ of his major and minor subjects.
“Different from most students, I pay equal attention to my major and minor subject,” he says. He thinks that students have signed up for minor subjects (37) _____ they have the energy and time to do so. The disadvantage of (38) _____ (pay) less attention to a minor subject, according to Li, is (39) _____ students may not get a comprehensive understanding of the subject.
Therefore, what students should do is (40) ____ (devote) the same energy and time to their major subject as before, while sacrificing their spare time to work on their minor subject. “Considering your future, it’s a worthwhile effort,” he says.
Keys:
25. the most widely 26. can 27. an 28. which 29. for 30. that 31. invented 32. has reflected/ has been reflecting 33. ringing 34. Though 35. is involved 36. both 37. because 38. paying 39. that 40. to devote
Three【浦东新区】
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
In a class this past December, after I wrote some directions on the board for students about their final examination, one young woman quickly took a picture of the board using her smart phone. When I looked in her direction, she apologized, “Sorry. Was it wrong to take a picture?”
“I can’t read my own handwriting,” the young woman explained. “It’s best if I take a picture of your writing so I can understand the notes.”
That remark started a class-wide conversation about taking a picture instead of taking notes. For those in the photo-taking camp, motivations extended beyond their inability to comprehend their own handwriting. Some took pictures of notes because they knew their phone was a safe place to store material. They might lose paper, they reasoned, but they wouldn’t lose their phones. Some took photos because they wanted to record exactly the manner in which I had noted information on the board. Others told me that during class they liked to be able to listen to the discussion attentively.
Yet the use of cameras as note takers, though it may be convenient, does raise significant questions for the classroom. Is a picture an effective replacement for the process of note-taking?
Instructors encourage students to take notes because the act of doing so is more than merely recording necessary information—it helps prepare the way for understanding. Encouraging students to take notes may be an old-fashioned instructional method, but just because a method has a long history doesn’t mean it’s out of date. Writing things down engages a student’s brain in listening, visual, and kinesthetic(触觉的)learning—a view supported by a longstanding research. The act of writing down information enables a person to begin committing it to memory, and to process and combine it, establishing the building blocks of learning new concepts.
Taking a picture does indeed record the information, but it deletes some of the necessary mental engagement that taking notes employs. So can the two be equally effective?
66. The woman apologized in the class because she_________.
A. had the bad handwriting B. missed the teachers’ directions
C. took a picture of the board D. disturbed other students’ learning
67. According to the passage, which of the following may NOT explain students’ reluctance to take notes?
A. They lack proper techniques for taking notes.
B. They want to listen more attentively in class.
C. They believe smart phones are much safer for storing notes.
D. They want to have the exact version of the notes on the board.
68. According to the passage, taking notes by hand__________.
A. requires students to think independently
B. helps students actively participate in learning
C. proves to be an old and useless learning method
D. seems unsuitable for students to learn new ideas
69. What is this passage mainly about?
A. The traditional way of note-taking should be replaced.
B. A modern way of note-taking is catching on.
C. Note-taking by hand is not out of date.
D. A picture is worth a thousand words.
（B）
Travelling Brochure
Travelling Information in Melbourne, Australia
Tour Name: Phillip Island, Penguins, Koalas and Kangaroos
Price: Starting from AUD $115 per person
l Tour Highlights
² Visit Warrook, a working cattle farm. Enjoy the opportunity to pat and feed kangaroos, wallabies and host of farm animals.
² Watch koalas in their natural habitat at the Koala Conservation Centre.
² View impressive coastal scenery at Nobbies. From the walkway, see Australia’s largest population of fur seals living along the southern coastline.
² Visit the educational and interesting Phillip Island Visitors Information Centre.
² Viewing Platform Penguin Plus — More personalized wildlife viewing limited to 130 people providing closer viewing of the penguin arrival than the main viewing stand.
l Additional info
² This tour must be booked at least 24 hours in advance of your travel date.
² Confirmation for this product will be received within 24 hours, subject to availability.
² Please remember to bring warm, waterproof clothing on this tour. You may also wish to bring a towel or a rug to sit on at the Penguin Parade viewing platform.
l Pricing Policy
² Children aged between 3 and 14 years inclusive qualify for child rate.
² Kids aged 2 years and under travel free of charge, providing they are not occupy a coach seat.
Phillip Island, Penguins, Koalas and Kangaroos Per person
Season
Aug.1, 2015 to Mar 31, 2016
Tour Code
Days of Week
Adult
Child
Tour only
Mon...Sun
$115.00
$58.00
Tour including Viewing
Platform Penguin Plus
Mon...Sun
$140.00
$83.00
l Travel Voucher (凭据)
Please download Travel Voucher from this website. For every confirmed booking you will be required to print a voucher which is presented at the destination. You will receive a link to your voucher by email once your booking is confirmed.
70. The visitor will go to all the following places EXCEPT_________.
A. Warrook Cattle farm. B. Australian Eastern coastline.
C. Koala Conservation Center. D. Phillip Island Visitors Information Centre.
71. Which of the following group need only pay $58 per person?
A. Adult tourists. B. 2-year-old kids
C. Kids between 3 and 14. D. Babies in arms
72. Tourists are reminded to bring a towel or a rug because__________
A. they will lie on the coast B. they may want to sit on the platform
C.it makes them warm D. they will swim during the tour
(C)
The family does not feature heavily in the culture of the Ik of Northern Uganda. In fact, as jar as the Ik are concerned the family means very little. This is because the Ik face a daily struggle to survive in the face of draught, famine and starvation. Anyone who cannot take care of himself or herself is regarded as a useless burden by the Ik and a threat to the survival of the others. So the old are abandoned to die. Sick and disabled children too are abandoned. The Ik attitude is that, as long as you keep the breeding group alive, you can always get more children.
lk mothers throw their children out of the village compound when they are 3 years old, to defend for themselves. I imagine children must be rather relieved to be thrown out for in the process of being cared for, he or she is reluctantly carried about in a hide sling (背婴儿带) wherever the mother goes. Whenever the mother is in her field, she loosens the sling and Jets the baby to the ground none too slowly, and laugh if it is hurt. Then she goes about her business, leaving the child there, almost hoping that some fierce animals will come along and carry it off. This sometimes happens. Such behavior does not endear children to their parents or parents to their children.
Many of you probably reacted to the Ik with some horror and shock. It is very tempting to conclude that these people are primitive, savage and inhuman, and that their concept of the ‘family’ is deeply wrong. However, sociologists argue that it is wrong to simply judge such societies and their family arrangements as unnatural and untypical. We need to understand that such arrangements may have positive functions. In the case of the Ik, with the exceptional circumstances they find themselves in-drought and famine-their family arrangements help ensure the survival of the tribe.
Moreover, some of you may have concluded that British family life and the Ik have some things in common. British family is not universally experienced as positive for all family members. For some members of our own society-for young and old alike-family life may be characterized by violence, abuse and isolation.
The problem with studying the family is that we all think we are experts. This is not surprising, considering that most of us are born in families and socialized into family roles and responsibilities. It is an institution most of us feel very comfortable with and regard as ‘natural’. For many of us, it is a cornerstone of our social world, a place to which we can retreat and take refuge from the stresses of the outside world. It is the place in which we are loved for who we are, rather than what we are. Family living and family events are probably the most important aspects of our lives. It is no wander that we tend to hold very fierce, emotional, and perhaps irrational views about family life and how it ought to be organized. Such ‘taken for granted’ views make it very difficult for us to objectively examine family arrangements that differ from our own experience ------ such as those of the Ik ------ without making critical judgements.
73. Which of the following ideas do the Ik hold according to the passage?
A. The family is the centre of their life.
B. The old am the luxuries they should treasure.
C. Their children should be abandoned when born.
D. The survival of the tribe is what they should strive for.
74. Which of the following will the author probably agree with in the case of Ik?
A. The children are a great burden to their family.
B. Mothers prefer to carry their children here and there.
C. The children enjoy warm relationship with their parents.
D. litany children should be left at the mercy of fierce animals in the field.
75. According to the author, both British family life and that of the Ik __________.
A. contain negative elements B. ensure longevity
C. experience ups and downs D. endear family members
76. All of the following statements support "family is the cornerstone" EXCEPT that ______.
A. we tam to family as our harbour in heart
B. we find we love and are loved in the family
C. we believe family is the top priority in our life
D. we pour our bad mood upon our family members
77. The author writes this passage to tell us __________.
A. family life has various positive functions
B. the idea of family is universally accepted
C. the family is evolving with the time at a high speed
D. we should examine the concept of family objectively
答案：
66-69 CABC 71-72 BCB 73. D 74. A 75. A 76. D 77. D
课后作业
．
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. wandered B. applications C. intellectual D. occurred E. extraordinary
F. objectives G. relatively H. release I. threatening J. accomplished K. completely
John Nash, a Nobel Prize winner and mathematical genius whose struggle with mental illness was documented in the Oscar-winning film "A Beautiful Mind", was killed in a car accident on Saturday. He was 86. The accident ___41___ when the taxi Nash was traveling in ran into another car on the New Jersey Turnpike. Neither of the two drivers involved in the accident underwent life-___42___ injuries.
At Princeton, Nash published a 27-page essay about the field of game theory, which led to ___43___ in economics, international politics, and evolutionary biology. His signature solution found that competition among two opponents is not necessarily governed by zero-sum logic. Two opponents can, for instance, each achieve their maximum ___44___ through cooperating with the other, or gain nothing at all by refusing to cooperate. This simple understanding is now regarded as one of the most important social science ideas in the 20th century, and a proof to his almost unique ___45___ gifts.
But in the late 1950s, Nash began a slide into mental illness and each therapy failed to cure him, and for much of the next three decades, Nash ___46___ freely on the Princeton campus, scratching his hands on empty blackboards and staring blankly ahead in the library. Robert Wright remembers Nash as “some math genius that went crazy” who wore colorful shoes and quietly watched people. His mental illness removed him ___47___ from his work. By the time Nash was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1994, he hadn’t published a paper in 36 years.
But like a child cured of a terrible dream by the switch of a light, Nash recovered from his illness seemingly by choosing not to be sick anymore. Five years later, the ___48___ of the film “A Beautiful Mind”, based on Sylvia Nasar’s 1998 book of the same name, expanded Nash’s ___49___ life story to an international audience. He continued to work, travel, and speak at conferences for the rest of his life.
It’s tempting to wonder what Nash might have ___50___, had mental illness not robbed him of so many productive years. “Because the ideas I had about super natural beings came to me the same way that my mathematical ideas did,” said Nash. “So I took them seriously.”
D I B F C A K H E J
Two【黄浦区】
A. minerals B. agriculture C. profitable D. available E. shortages
F. celebrations G. immigrants H. increased I. population J. fashionable K. opened
Chinese traders were recorded as making voyages to the north coast of Australia from the 1750s, but were probably visiting Australia long before. Chinese men arrived in Australia in small numbers after the 1788 British settlement as free settlers and criminals. A small population grew rapidly after 1848 under a system of indentured （契约的 labour, after China had __41__ its ports to foreign trade in 1842. They worked in rural New South Wales as cooks，farm labours and etc.
Indentured Chinese __42__ worked in all colonies variously as station hands，plantation workers, miners, on public works, cabinet makers, personal servants and in laundries. Most came from the south-eastern provinces of Guangdong and Fujian.
Due to labour __43__ in west Australia ，the colonial government organized Chinese contract labour between 1847 and 1898，most working as labourers, cooks and gardeners. Many Chinese came from rural backgrounds and brought with them __44__ and water management skills. By 1885, there were 54 Chinese market gardens in Sydney. By 1901, 67% of the New South Wales market gardeners were Chinese.
Gold rushes in Victoria in the 1850s and New South Wales in the 1860s significantly __45__ the population of Chinese immigrants in Australia；about 45,000 prospectors arrived in Victoria alone in 1854-58. Numbers continued to increase as gold and other __46__ were discovered in Queensland, North Territory and Tasmania.
When mining became less __47__，many Chinese people worked successfully to provide goods and services such as furniture making，market gardening, fishing and, particularly, store-keeping including the import and export of goods from overseas. Chinese goods，especially tea， silk，vegetables, herbs and other spices were highly sought after items of trade by non-Chinese people. Tea rooms, importing and selling many varieties of tea，were very popular. Chinese silk was turned into __48___ evening wear and cloaks by Chinese tailors and seamstresses.
Today there is a culturally diverse Chinese __49___ in Australia with links to south-eastern China as well as Vietnam and Hong Kong. The Chinese communities in Australia are brought together every day by __50 __of Lunar New Year.
答案：
41. K 42. G 43.E 44.B 45. H 46. A 47.C 48.J 49.I 50. F
Three【浦东新区】
A. risky B. solution C. adaptation D.genetic E. restricted
F. partially G ruined H. inconvenience I.occur J. qualify K. completely
SEATTLE-For the more than 10 million Americans with colorblindness, there's never been a treatment, let alone a cure, for the condition that leaves them unable to distinguish curtain colors.
Now, for the first time, two University of Washington professors have teamed with a California biotech firm to develop what they say may be a 41 : a single shot in the eye that can reveal the world in full color.
Jay and Maureen Neitz, who have studied the vision disorder for years, have found a new way to deliver genes that can replace missing color-producing proteins in certain cells, called cones, in the eyes.
The trouble will 42 when people are born without one or more of the three types of color-sensing proteins normally present in the cones of the retina(视网膜). The most common type is red-green colorblindness, followed by blue-yellow colorblindness. A very small proportion of the population is 43 colorblind, seeing only shades of gray.
Colorblindness is often a/an 44 disorder. It affects mostly men, who can inherit a mutation(变异)on the X chromosome(染色体)that weakens their perception of red and green. A much smaller part of cases are in women, who have two X chromosomes, which gives them a better chance of avoiding effects of any genetic imperfection.
Most people think of colorblindness as a/an 45 or disability, mainly causing problems with unmatched shirts and socks. But the Neitzes say the condition can have profound impacts-limiting choices for education or careers, making driving dangerous, and forcing continual 46 to a world designed for color vision.
"There are an awful lot of people who feel like their life is 47 because they don't see color," said Jay Neitz, 61, a professor, who confirmed in 1989 that dogs are colorblind, too.
People may not 48 as commercial pilots, for instance, if they're colorblind. Other careers that can be 49 include those of chefs, decorators, electricians and house painters, all of which require detailed color vision.
Undoubtedly, the Neitzes' findings have brought great benefits to those who are born unable to distinguish between red and green. But that technique is 50 , requiring surgery, so the Neitzes are looking for another way to do the job.
答案：41. B 42. I 43.K 44.D 45. H 46. C 47.G 48.J 49. E 50. A
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