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Unit 3 Sports and fitness【真题训练】-2020-2021学年高一英语重点词汇（人教版2019必修第一册）
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这是一份Unit 3 Sports and fitness【真题训练】-2020-2021学年高一英语重点词汇（人教版2019必修第一册），共26页。
Unit 3 Sports and fitness
高中英语单词背诵【真题训练】
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
评卷人
得分
一、完形填空(共40分)
(本题40分)（2019·云南昆明高考模拟） My least favorite part was participating in sport meets, for I loved running by myself. When faced with running against fellow athletes, I was 1 . I had butterflies in my stomach and the sudden urge to go to the nearest 2 . This year, 3 , I was encouraged to join in a long distance running competition by my coach.
The 800-meter event was approaching, meaning that I would 4 soon. I breathed deeply and tried to 5 my worries. I walked over to some of the 6 who would run with me and started to 7 with them. We were all loosening up and getting ready to run as 8 as possible.
I stepped up to the line for the event. The starter raised his cap gun and 9 . About twenty-five runners 10 . With these runners around me, I 11 my coach’s words, “You may be small, but you have 12 power.” So, I kept up with athletes twice my 13 . I picked up the runner in seventh place and based my steps on him, making it a little bit faster. One by one, I 14 to make it to the top four, bursting around the lap.
It was the last lap before the final straightaway. I 15 I had the possibility to win. So I widened my steps, speeding up my 16 . I caught up with the runner in first place and we ran side-by-side down the last 100 meters --- I 17 him by a hair at the finishing line.
My coach gave me a 18 hug as I headed back to see him. He was 19 because I had shortened my original 20 by twelve seconds at least.
1．(2分)A．shocked B．nervous C．comfortable D．brave
2．(2分)A．stadium B．hospital C．bathroom D．station
3．(2分)A．however B．instead C．otherwise D．moreover
4．(2分)A．delay B．fail C．escape D．compete
5．(2分)A．ignore B．increase C．form D．imagine
6．(2分)A．reporters B．judges C．runners D．coaches
7．(2分)A．watch out B．turn back C．get away D．warm up
8．(2分)A．smoothly B．rapidly C．calmly D．patiently
9．(2分)A．returned B．withdrew C．screamed D．fired
10．(2分)A．took off B．set down C．looked on D．went about
11．(2分)A．challenged B．recalled C．forgot D．adapted
12．(2分)A．exact B．great C．practical D．suitable
13．(2分)A．pressure B．salary C．size D．age
14．(2分)A．offered B．pretended C．regretted D．managed
15．(2分)A．claimed B．heard C．supposed D．remembered
16．(2分)A．speech B．mind C．fight D．pace
17．(2分)A．beat B．pushed C．dragged D．followed
18．(2分)A．soft B．cautious C．firm D．slight
19．(2分)A．excited B．disappointed C．relaxed D．depressed
20．(2分)A．distance B．time C．lap D．step
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得分
二、阅读选择(共52分)
(本题8分)（2014·重庆高考真题） I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.
The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through phone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.
Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.”
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn't always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.
21．(2分)What made Kate angry one evening?
A．She couldn’t find her books.
B．She heard the author shouting loud.
C．She got the news that her grandma was ill.
D．She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed.
22．(2分)The author tidied up the room most probably because _______.
A．she hated herself for being so messy
B．she was asked by Kate to do so
C．she was scared by Kate’s anger
D．she wanted to show her care
23．(2分)How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?
A．By analyzing causes.
B．By describing a process.
C．By showing differences.
D．By following time order.
24．(2分)What might be the best title for the story?
A．My Friend Kate
B．Hard Work Pays Off
C．How to Be Organized
D．Learning to Be Roommates
(本题8分)（2017·全国高考真题） The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.” Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
25．(2分)What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A．To explore new means of transport. B．To design new types of cars.
C．To find out older driver’s problems. D．To teach people traffic rules.
26．(2分)Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A．It keeps them independent. B．It helps them save time.
C．It builds up their strength. D．It cures their mental illnesses.
27．(2分)What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A．Improve their driving skills. B．Develop driver-assist technologies.
C．Provide tips on repairing their cars. D．Organize regular physical checkups.
28．(2分)What is the best title for the text?
A．A new Model Electric Car B．A Solution to Traffic Problem
C．Driving Service for elders D．Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
(本题8分)（2019·昆明市官渡区第一中学高二开学考试） Sitting on the sofa in her family’s Michigan home in 2009, looking through the Guinness World Records, 10 year-old Winter Vinecki was surprised to find that the record for the youngest person to complete a marathon on every continent was held by a 27-year-old man. “I can beat that,” she declared. “For Dad. ” And she had every reason to believe she could.
A natural athlete since the age of 5, Winter had been running together with her mom and uncle, both athletes, and competing in races across the country. Soon, her name was appearing in national competitions. Trophies (奖牌) lined her walls.
But in 2008, at the age of 9, Winter stopped racing for medals. In May of that year, her father found out he had caught a rare cancer. To raise awareness and funds to fight the disease. Winter started an organization called I earn Winter. Just 10 months after his diagnosis, her father passed away.
Over the next three years, Winter came first in 20 of the 37 races in which she competed, including four Junior Olympics Cross Country Championships. Along the way, she raised over $ 400,000 to help find a cure for cancer.
Now 14, Winter is working on her world record to win her cause a place in the Guinness World Records. She recently completed her first marathon in Eugene, Oregon, a race normally limited to runners over 16, finishing in an amazing 3:45:04. “I’m used to racing with adults, and I think it’s kind of fun to race past them,” said Winter before the race.
With six continents to go, Winter has just begun a journey that will take her two years. “Every time I step to a starting line,” Winter says, “I have one thought in mind: keeping my dad’s spirit alive.”
29．(2分)Winter tries to break the Guinness World Record as ________.
A．the youngest marathon runner
B．the athlete with the most medals
C．the marathon runner with the most medals
D．the youngest marathon runner on all continents
30．(2分)What caused Winter to start the organization “Team Winter”？
A．Her father’s disease. B．Her father’s death.
C．Her uncle’s advice. D．Her mother’s disease.
31．(2分)When did Winter finish her first marathon race?
A．At age 9. B．At age 10.
C．At age 14. D．At age 16.
32．(2分)What does the word “them” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A．World records. B．Adult runners.
C．Young runners. D．Marathon races.
(本题8分)（2020·吴起高级中学高一期末） Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.
But while it’s long been believed that endorphins (脑内啡) — chemicals in the body that cause happiness — are behind the so-called “runner’s high”, a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.
According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.
To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.
Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise, along with many other chemicals. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety.
But after being given a drug to block their endorphins the change. However, when their endocannabinoids were block with a different drug, their runner’s high symptoms seemed to fade.
“The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner's high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on science blog Lifchacker.
Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it’s already well known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety.
The UK’s National Health Service even prescribes (开药方) exercise to patients who are suffering from depression.
“Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it’s especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression,” it wrote on its website.
It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we don’t fully understand where it comes from. At least if we’re feeling down, we know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes.
33．(2分)What did scientists from German universities recently discover?
A．Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression.
B．The runner’s high could be caused by endocannabinoids.
C．Endorphins may contribute to one’s high spirits after running.
D．The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one’s mood.
34．(2分)The scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to .
A．find what reduces the runner’s high symptoms
B．see the specific symptoms of the runner’s high
C．identify what is responsible for the runner’s high
D．test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released
35．(2分)The underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to .
A．effect B．goal
C．question D．belief
36．(2分)According to the UK’s National Health Service, regular workouts .
A．are the best way to treat depression
B．can help ease depression symptoms
C．only work for those with serious depression
D．can help people completely recover from depression
(本题6分)（2020·广东潮州高二期末）Chambanamoms Presents
Girl's Night Out: Foot Golf!
Grab some friends and join us on Saturday, June 4, for a fun night out at Lake of the Woods Golf Course in Mahomet, thanks to our friends at the Champaign County Forest Preserve District. There will be giveaways, some adult drinks and food, as well as a great night out playing Foot Golf. Yes, we said Foot Golf .You don' t need to have a bag full of club(球杆)or fancy spike(钉鞋)--- just bring yourself (and athletic shoes, please).
If you can kick a soccer ball, you can play Foot Golf. If you can laugh and have fun, you can also play Foot Golf.
So what is Foot Golf? Foot Golf is what happens when you combine golf and soccer. Players kick off from a tee box (开球处) and attempt to get their soccer ball into a 21-inch diameter(直径) cup using the fewest number of kicks. Foot Golf can be played by children and adults. It is a trend sweeping golf courses across the country, and we are lucky to have it right here in Champaign County.
This event is FREE. To manage the number of people we have on the course, we are asking our friends to register (注册) . Here is a quick and easy form to fill out: http://www.chambanamoms.com/girlsnightoutrsvp/
We look forward to seeing you on Saturday, June 4, at 7 p.m. Bring your girlfriends 一and your sense of humor!
IF YOU DRIVE: Lake of the Woods Golf Course is a quick drive west from Champaign-Urbana on Interstate 74. Get off at Lake of the Woods exit, Exit No. 174. Head north for 1/2 mile until the first stop sign. Take a left at the stop sign and travel for one mile. This road will take you directly to the golf course.
37．(2分)Participants who come to Girl's Night Out
A．need to bring spikes
B．should wear athletic shoes
C．should bring their own clubs
D．have to bring drinks and food
38．(2分)What do we know about Foot Golf?
A．It is played worldwide.
B．It is intended for children.
C．It is nothing like playing golf.
D．It is a mixture of golf and soccer.
39．(2分)What type of writing is this text?
A．A lesson plan.
B．An announcement.
C．An educational report.
D．An introduction to a sport.
(本题6分)（2020·陕西铜川高三二模）What is body surfing?
Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard. That’s why it is called the “purest” form of surfing. In fact, it is one of very few extreme sports—free climbing and cliff diving are. others—that can be practiced using nothing but the human body.
How do you do it?
To catch a wave, swim to where the waves break and, as one approaches, start swimming towards the beach. You must try to travel at the same speed as the wave and, if you do it correctly, you will feel the wave lifting you and pushing you forwards. Then try and cut along the surface of the wave.
What do you need?
It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). This is because they enable you to swim faster and surf along them more easily. A wetsuit is also advisable. Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave. If you are lucky enough to be surfing in warm water, make sure you have your boardshorts at the ready.
Unofficial world championship
Bodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. Local bodysurfers compete against athletes from places such as Australia, Brazil, Japan or France. Famous bodyboarder Mike Stewart has won the event no fewer than 12 times, and Kelly Slater, the greatest surfer in history, has also competed.
40．(2分)How does a bodysurfer surf while in the sea?
A．Only using the human body. B．Only relying on a surfboard.
C．Only following a wave. D．Only swimming along the beach.
41．(2分)Which can make you surf faster?
A．Flippers and a wetsuit. B．A wetsuit and a handboard.
C．A handboard and boardshorts. D．A handboard and Flippers.
42．(2分)What can we know about the Pipeline Body surfing Classic?
A．It is for local bodysurfers. B．It is held annually in Hawaii.
C．All famous bodysurfers favor it. D．Mike Stewart attends it every year.
(本题8分)（2018·江苏省海头高级中学高一单元测试）
Karate (空手道) is thought to have appeared in the Ryukyu Kingdom firstly as a form of self-defence at a time when weapons (武器) were banned. It began as a fighting style used by the natives of the Ryukyu Islands and was later influenced by Kenpo (quan fa) after business relationships between China and the islands were developed. Very little is known of the origins of karate before it appeared in the Ryukyu Islands, but one popular theory states that it came from India over a thousand years ago and developed from a style of temple boxing based on exercises designed to strengthen the mind and body. However, the truthfulness of this story is questioned.
Now karate has become a popular and beloved sport. The World Karate Federation (WFK) has developed a system of common rules and regulations. In 1994 karate became an official event for the first time in the 12th Asian games in Hiroshima in Japan. On September 28, 2015, karate was featured on a shortlist along with baseball and softball, skateboarding, surfing, and rock climbing to be considered for inclusion in the 2020 Summer Olympics. On June 1, 2016, the International Olympic Committee announced they were supporting the inclusion of all five sports in the 2020 Games.
Karate was developed for the purpose of protecting oneself with one’s bare hands. Therefore, practitioners of karate use their whole body to block the attacker’s strike. The basic philosophy of karate is that “karate is ultimately (最终) for self-defence”. This is reflected in karate’s unique teaching of “never strike first”, with which practitioners guide themselves.
Karate World Championships are held under a weight class system including five divisions for both men and women. Competitors choose which kata (招数) they will show from about 75 types. They are required to show a different kata for each match, including the final. Competitors are judged on the speed and power, and are also required to show their understanding of the meaning or principle carried by the kata they demonstrate (展示).
Under conventional competition rules, one competitor is assigned (指定) a blue belt and the other a red belt and each takes turns showing his or her kata. The outcome of the competition is determined under a flag system, where five judges, who each has a blue flag and a red flag, raise either to signal which competitor, they believe, wins: the one with more flags is declared the winner. However, to provide more clarity (透明) regarding the judges’ views, discussions on applying a scoring system where victory or defeat is determined by adding up the points that each judge gives each competitor are being held for the Tokyo 2020 Games.
43．(2分)What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．The origins of karate have been made clear.
B．Karate was used to strengthen the mind and body at first.
C．It is believed karate dates back over one thousand years.
D．Chinese Kung fu played a role in the development of karate.
44．(2分)What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．Modern karate.
B．Karate’s popularity.
C．Common rules of karate.
D．Karate as an Olympic event.
45．(2分)In Karate World Championships, competitors should ________.
A．select a different kata in each match
B．keep the spirit of self-defence in mind
C．show 75 kinds of katas to judges at first
D．choose the hardest level of karate in the final
46．(2分)According to the last paragraph, in the Tokyo 2020 Games ________.
A．the flag system will continue playing an important role
B．competition results will become much fairer
C．judges’ views will become less important
D．a scoring system may be used
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三、七选五(共10分)
(本题10分)（2015·全国高考真题） Training for a marathon (马拉松) requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 47．(2分), buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 48．(2分). As always, you should stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 49．(2分), it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 50．(2分). After two weeks, start timing yourself. 51．(2分). Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A．After six days
B．For a good marathon runner
C．Before you begin your training
D．With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E.If they still feel good, you can begin running in them
F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
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四、短文改错(共2分)
52．(本题2分)（2020·安徽蚌埠高一期末）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
Last week, we watched an excited basketball match in our school. It is between Grade 1 and Grade 2 students. During a match,the players from all teams played very hard. Grade 2 was a stronger team. However, for our surprise, Grade 1 won at last. The player jumped and hugged to celebrate their success. Just then, the players from the other team that approached and said “Congratulations!” to them.
They wore smiles on faces and you couldn’t tell from their expressions that they had lost the match. We were touching by the scene and felt what important a role sport plays in daily life.
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五、用单词的适当形式完成短文(共20分)
(本题20分)（2018·全国高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 53．(2分)(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long54．(2分)(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 55．(2分) (die) early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it 56．(2分) (be) more effective at lengthening life57．(2分) walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 201458．(2分)showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 59．(2分)(cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to60．(2分)(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always61．(2分)(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give62．(2分)a try.
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六、读后续写(共26分)
63．(本题26分)（2018·浙江高考真题） It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.
We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.
His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. "The day starts at dawn on my farm," he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.
In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn’t going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. "Don’t be late for supper," Uncle Paul cried, "and keep to the track so that you don’t get lost!" "OK! " my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.
注意：
（1）所续写短文的词数应为l50左右；
（2）至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语：
（3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
（4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. ____________
________________________________________________________________________
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Paragraph 2: We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. _____________
________________________________________________________________________
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参考答案
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．C 16．D 17．A 18．C 19．A 20．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文属于记叙文，讲述作者之前不喜欢参加赛跑，参加的时候很紧张，但是在一次长跑比赛中，深受教练的鼓励，终于取得了好成绩。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当和运动员赛跑的时候，我就感到紧张。A. shocked震惊的；B. nervous紧张的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. brave勇敢的。根据后文I had butterflies in my stomach可知，作者不喜欢参加运动会，因此参加运动会感到紧张，故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：跑步的时候，很紧张，很想去最近的厕所。A. stadium体育馆；B. hospital医院；C. bathroom厕所；D. station站点。根据本句可知，作者很紧张，因此要去厕所，故选C。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，今年，教练鼓励我参加一个长跑比赛。A. however但是；B. instead 相反；C. otherwise否则；D. moreover此外。根据前文可知，作者不喜欢赛跑，但是今年参加了，故前后转折，故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：800米项目就要来了，意味着我很快就可以比赛了。A. delay推迟；B. fail失败；C. escape逃跑；D. compete竞争。根据文章可知，作者还是很想结束比赛，故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我深呼吸了一下，努力把我的紧张放在一边。A. ignore 忽视；B. increase增加；C. form形成；D. imagine想象。根据前文可知，作者深呼吸是为了让自己不那么紧张，故选A。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我走向竞争对手旁边，开始和他们一道热身。A. reporters记者；B. judges裁判；C. runners运动员；D. coaches教练。根据本句后文可知，作者准备比赛，开始热身，因此选C。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我走向竞争对手旁边，开始和他们一道热身。A. watch out当心；B. turn back掉头转身；C. get away离开；D. warm up热身。根据常识可知，比赛之前需要热身，故选D。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们开始放松，准备跑的尽可能得快。A. smoothly顺利地；B. rapidly迅速地；C. calmly 平静地；D. patiently耐心地。根据文章可知，赛跑比的是速度，故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：发令员举起信号枪并开枪，大约25个参赛者飞一般冲出去。A. returned归还；B. withdrew撤销；C. screamed尖叫；D. fired开火。根据常识可知，发令员开火以示比赛开始，故选D。
10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：发令员举起信号枪并开枪，大约25个参赛者飞一般冲出去。A. took off起飞；B. set down写下，记下；C. looked on旁观；D. went about四处走动。根据文章可知，运动员飞速冲出去，故选A。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看着我旁边的运动员，我想起了教练的话。A. challenged挑战；B. recalled回忆；C. forgot忘记；D. adapted适应。根据后文可知，作者想起了教练的话，故选B。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能很微小，但是有很大的力量。A. exact准确的；B. great巨大的；C. practical实际的；D. suitable适合的。根据本句but可知，前后转折，微小但是有巨大的力量，故选B。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此我不落后那些我两倍体型的运动员。A. pressure压力；B. salary工资；C. size尺寸；D. age年龄。根据文章可知，作者听到教练的话，很受鼓励，故选C。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我成功达到前四名，快速绕着赛道跑。A. offered提供；B. pretended假装；C. regretted后悔；D. managed努力做成。根据文章可知，作者通过自己的努力，赶超了别人，故选D 。manage to do sth努力做成某事。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最后直线跑到之前的一圈，我认为自己有获胜的可能。 A. claimed声称；B. heard听；C. supposed认为；D. remembered想起。根据后文可知，作者再次发力，成为冠军，故选C。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我增大步幅，加快速度。A. speech演讲；B. mind思想；C. fight斗争；D. pace步伐。根据文章可知，作者加速冲到终点线，故选D。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我赶上第一名选手，在最后的100米与他齐头并进，并且在终点线，以丝毫的优势打败了他。A. beat打败；B. pushed推；C. dragged拖；D. followed跟随。根据文章可知，作者赢得了比赛，故选A.
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我回去找我教练的时候，他给我一个深深的拥抱。A. soft柔软的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. firm牢固的；D. slight轻微的。根据文章可知，作者赢得很不容易，故教练给了他一个很深的拥抱，故选C。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他很兴奋，因为我原本的时间缩短了至少20秒。A. excited兴奋的；B. disappointed失望的；C. relaxed放松的；D. depressed抑郁的。根据后文可知，作者缩短了时间，因此教练很高兴，故选A。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他很兴奋，因为我原本的时间缩短了至少20秒。A. distance距离；B. time时间；C. lap圈；D. step步伐。根据本句twelve seconds可知，缩短时间，故选B。
21．D 22．D 23．C 24．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者与室友生活习惯迥异，冲突在所难免。在室友遭遇悲痛之时，作者以实际行动表达自己的同情，从而达成和好。作者从中懂得一个道理：让步、整理房间和坚持是处理室友关系的关键。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段I heard her screaming. “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me.可知，室友生气是因为作者乱丢乱放的鞋子，故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.可知，作者整理房间是出于对室友悲伤的同情而表达自己的关切，故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据第一段Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled(贴标签)everything. I always looked for everything. Over time，Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. So we both got tired of each other.等内容可知，作者列举了与室友在日常习惯上的种种差异，故选C。
24．主旨大意题。文章最后一段we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.可知，作者表达了自己叙述这个故事的意图：就是懂得了与室友相处的关键，故选D。
25．C 26．A 27．B 28．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了老年司机在需要停止开车的年龄之前就不得不停止开车，所以一些研究人员就开始了解老年司机存在的问题，想要用技术去解决这些问题，比如开发了控制速度的系统、制定导航工具、夜视系统和智能速度适应。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.可知，DriveLAB为了理解老年司机所面对的挑战，发现关键点在哪里。即发现老年司机的问题，故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”可知，开车对于保持老年司机的独立性很重要，让他们可以自由地出去走动，而不必依赖别人。故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据第五段中The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.及最后一段We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.可知，研究人员想要用技术解决的老年司机的关键难题，而且正在研究一种控制速度的系统，即开发驾驶员辅助技术，故选B。
28．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述一些研究人员想要利用技术解决老年司机驾驶存在的问题，其目的是帮助老年司机能够一直开车直到应该停止的年龄，故以 Keeping Older Drivers on the Road符合全文主旨，其他题目都太片面，不足以概括全文。故选D。
【点睛】
主旨大意题解题技巧
Topic/Title型-使用逆推法
（1）要在阅读原文基础上，仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系
（2）再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何
（3）要注意题目是否过大或者过小
（4）要避免下列三种错误概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，导致范围过小）、过度概括（多表现为扩大范围）、以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。
比如第四题主要围绕老年司机为主，故排除了A和B，对象不正确。C. Driving Service for elders. 为老人提供服务，本文也算服务的一种，但是犯了过度概括的错误，范围扩大了， D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road.这正是本文介绍的内容，研究人员目的也是延长老年司机的驾驶时间。故选D。
29．D 30．A 31．C 32．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了美国年轻的运动员Winter Vinecki。她从五岁开始跑步，后来她参加了全国各个比赛并取得了很多奖牌，在14岁时她准备创造一项世界纪录，完成七大洲的马拉松，她一直保持着她爸爸的精神。
29．细节理解题。由文中第一段的10 year-old Winter Vinecki was surprised to find that the record for the youngest person to complete a marathon on every continent was held by a 27-year-old man. “I can beat that,” 可知，这项吉尼斯世界纪录最年轻的保持者是27岁，而温特认为她可以完成这项纪录，在年龄上打败他，故D选项正确。
30．细节理解题。由文中第三段的In May of that year, her father found out he had caught a rare cancer. To raise awareness and funds to fight the disease. Winter started an organization called I earn Winter. 可知，温特是在父亲病了之后，为了筹集资金对抗疾病，才开始创建I earn Winter这个组织的。故A选项正确。
31．细节理解题。由文中倒数第二段的Now 14, Winter is working on her world record to........ She recently completed her first marathon in Eugene,可知。温特是在14岁的时候完成第一次马拉松。C选项正确。
32．词义猜测题。画线部分所在的句子 “I’m used to racing with adults, and I think it’s kind of fun to race past them,”意思是温特习惯于和成年人比赛，她认为超过他们很有趣，所以这里的them指的是和她比赛的成年人，故B选项正确。
【点睛】
本文细节题居多，答题时在文章找到对应的地方，用笔进行标记，这有利于后期有时间检查时可以立刻找到答案的位置。仔细理解作者所讲的意思，再结合选项，通过排除法和自己对全文的把握，选出正确答案。例如本文的第2小题，根据题干内容可把答案定位在第三段，根据第三段的第二句To raise awareness and funds to fight the disease. 可知，温特创建这个组织的目的是筹集资金对抗父亲的疾病，所以A选项正确。同样第3小题，该题要选出温特是在几岁完成第一次马拉松的，根据题干可把答案定位在倒数第二段，在第二句She recently completed her first marathon 提到她完成了第一次马拉松，在前面一句提到温特这个时候是14岁，所以C选项正确。
33．B 34．C 35．D 36．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。跑步通常很累人，也很辛苦，但没有什么能比你在跑道上长时间锻炼后的感觉更好。即使我们不完全理解它来自哪里。至少，如果我们情绪低落，我们知道我们所要做的就是穿上跑鞋。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.可知，德国几所大学的一组科学家最近发表的一项研究表明，一种叫做内源性大麻素的化学物质可能是造成这种熟悉的感觉的真正原因。由此可知，跑步者的兴奋可能是由内源性大麻素引起的。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据第三、四段According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素）may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.(德国几所大学的一组科学家最近发表的一项研究表明，一种叫做内源性大麻素的化学物质可能是造成这种熟悉的感觉的真正原因)和To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.(为了验证这个理论，科学家们用老鼠做实验)可知，科学家们在实验中给老鼠注射了药物，以确定导致跑步者兴奋的原因。故选C。
35．词义猜测题。根据第七段中The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner’s high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,可知，长久以来认为内啡肽导致跑步者的兴奋的notion是错误的。内啡肽是一种有效的镇痛物质，但只有当你在锻炼后感到身体和肌肉疼痛时，你才会感到疼痛。由此推知，notion指的是“观点，意见”。故选D。
36．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it's especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression,(如果你患有抑郁症，有规律的锻炼可以改善你的情绪，这对患有轻度到中度抑郁症的人尤其有用)可知，根据英国国家健康服务中心的数据，定期锻炼可以缓解抑郁症的症状。故选B。
37．B 38．D 39．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是应用文。文章是一则关于女孩之夜:足球高尔夫的通知。
37．
细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句“You don' t need to have a bag full of club (球杆) or fancy spike (钉鞋) --- just bring yourself (and athletic shoes, please).”可知，参加 Girl's Night Out 的女孩不需要带高尔夫球杆和钉鞋，只需要穿运动鞋。故选B项。
38．
细节理解题。第三段提到“It is a trend sweeping golf courses across the country”这项运动全国风靡，没有提到在世界范围内流行，排除A项。由“Foot Golf can be played by children and adults.”可知，成人和小孩子都可以玩这项运动，排除B项。由第三段中的“So what is Foot Golf? Foot Golf is what happens when you combine golf and soccer.”可知，Foot Golf 是一项把高尔夫运动和足球运动结合在一起的运动。故选D项。
39．
推理判断题。根据文章内容以及倒数第三段中的“To manage the number of people we have on the course, we are asking our friends to register (注册) . Here is a quick and easy form to fill out:”为了管理参加课程的人数，我们请我们的朋友注册。这是一张填写起来又快又方便的表格。和倒数第四段“We look forward to seeing you on Saturday, June 4, at 7 p.m.”我们期待着6月4日(星期六)下午7点与您见面。由此判断出，本文是一则通知。通知大家来积极参加足球高尔夫活动。故选B项。
40．A 41．D 42．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项非专业的运动——人体冲浪。
40．细节理解题。根据文章第一段Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard.和that can be practiced using nothing but the human body.可知，人体冲浪是在没有冲浪板等辅助工具帮助的情况下在海浪上冲浪。故选A。
41．细节理解题。根据文章第三段It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). 如果你使用脚蹼会更舒适、更安全，和Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave. 一只手拿着冲浪板可以加速冲浪。故选D。
42．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Bodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. 在夏威夷每年都会有一个名为管道人体冲浪经典的节日。故选B。
【点睛】
文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如小题1选择项中关键词句的Only using the human body，到文章找到关键词句using nothing but the human body.。所以我们考生要通过比较这些细微区别，仔细辨别才能得出答案。
43．D 44．A 45．A 46．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了奥运会候选的格斗搏击项目——起源于琉球王国的空手道的历史及其现代的发展。
43．推理判断题。根据第一段It began as a fighting style used by the natives of the Ryukyu Islands and was later influenced by Kenpo (quan fa) after business relationships between China and the islands were developed.得知，中国功夫影响空手道的发展。故选D。
44．推理判断题。根据第二段Now karate has become a popular and beloved sport. The World Karate Federation (WFK) has developed a system of common rules and regulations. In 1994 karate became an official event for the first time in the 12th Asian games in Hiroshima in Japan.得知，本段讲述的是现代空手道的发展。故选A。
45．细节理解题。根据第四段Competitors choose which kata (招数) they will show from about 75 types. They are required to show a different kata for each match, including the final.得知，在空手道世界冠军赛中竞争者要在每次比赛时展现一种不同的招数。故选A。
46．推理判断题。根据最后一段to provide more clarity (透明) regarding the judges’ views, discussions on applying a scoring system where victory or defeat is determined by adding up the points that each judge gives each competitor are being held for the Tokyo 2020 Games.得知，为了提供更加透明的裁判意见，2020年东京奥运会跆拳道比赛中将实行新的记分制度。故选D。
47．C 48．E 49．A 50．D 51．G
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了进行马拉松训练的具体做法。首先要为训练做好准备：准备好跑鞋以及训练前的热身动作。第一周：训练跑步时间的逐天增加；第二周：训练跑步距离的逐天增加；两周后，开始计时跑，制订逐步提高跑步时间和距离的计划。
47．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find（买一双你能找到的最合适的跑鞋）可知，此处是为了跑马拉松进行的准备工作。由此可知，C项Before you begin your training（在你开始训练之前）符合文意。故选C。
48．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit.（当你找到一双合适的鞋子，穿上几天再检查一下是否合脚）可知，E选项中they指的是前面提到的shoes，属于指代一致性，另外feel good与the fit有关。由此可知，E项If they still feel good, you can begin running in them（如果它们仍然感觉不错，你就可以穿着它们开始跑步了）符合文意。故选E.
49．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day.（在第一周，不要考虑距离，而是每天多跑5分钟。）可知，此处提到了一周七天的时间。再根据空后it is wise to take a day off to rest（明智的做法是休息一天）可知，剩余的就是六天的时间。由此可知，A项After six days（六天后）符合文意。故选A.
50．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前面But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.（但在接下来的一周，设定一个目标，每次跑步至少1.5英里）可知，此处指在距离上开始制定目标。由此可知，D项With each day, increase the distance by a half mile（每天增加半英里的距离）符合文意。故选D.
51．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上文During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.（在第一周，不要考虑距离，而是每天多跑5分钟。但在接下来的一周，设定一个目标，每次跑步至少1.5英里）及After two weeks, start timing yourself.（两周后开始计时）可知，此处提到了逐日增加跑步的时间和长度，两周后最自己开始计时。由此可知，G项Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time.（现在，你准备好去制定一个提高距离和时间的目标）符合文意。故选G.
52．1. excited→exciting
2. is→was
3. a→the
4. all→both
5. for→to
6. player→players
7. 去掉that
8. on后加their
9. touching→touched
10. what→how
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了上周一年级和二年级同学之间进行的一场激动人心的篮球比赛。
【小题1】
考查形容词。句意：上周，我们在学校看了一场激动人心的比赛。excitied意为“激动的”，修饰人。exciting意为“令人激动的”，修饰物。这里其后名词为match。故将excited改为exciting。
【小题2】
考查动词时态。句意：比赛双方是一年级和二年级的同学。文章在讲过去发生的事情，要用一般过去式。故将is改为was。
【小题3】
考查定冠词。第三句话提到的match，特指前面已经提到过的比赛，要用定冠词。故将a改为the。
【小题4】
考查代词。句意：在比赛中，双方队员都很努力。前面提到比赛双方是一年级和二年级。比赛只有两个队。故将all改为both。
【小题5】
考查固定表达。to one's suprise为固定表达，意为“出乎某人意料之外”。故将for改为to。
【小题6】
考查名词复数。句意：队员们跳起来拥抱对方，庆祝他们的成功。句子最后出现代词their，所以本句主语应为复数。且比赛中不止一位队员。故将player改为players。
【小题7】
考查代词。句意：对手队伍的队员那时也走过来向他们表示祝贺。分析句子结构可知，本句主语为the players，谓语为approached and said。这里的that多余。故将that去掉。
【小题8】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：他们脸上带着微笑。on their faces意为“在他们的脸上”，their来修饰限定faces。故将on后加their。
【小题9】
考查被动语态。句意：我们被这场景给感动了。touching意为“令人感动的”，修饰物。touch与主语we成被动关系，所以用touched，这里touched修饰人。be touched by...意为“被……感动”。故将touching改为touched。
【小题10】
考查宾语从句。句意：我们被这场景感动了。也体会到运动在我们的生活中扮演着多么重要的作用。分析句子结构可知，felt为动词，后面从句做其宾语。what意为“什么”，how意为“多么”，这里从句中用how来修饰important。故将what改为how。
53．longer54．to see55．dying56．is57．than58．that \which59．causes60．strengthen
61．energetic62．it \running
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们减少疾病发生，延年益寿。
53．考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
54．考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑的太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。
55．考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
56．考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
57．考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知，此处填than。
58．考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
59．考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。空格处做from的宾语，前面有all可知，要用名词复数形式。故填causes。
60．考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符号，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
61．考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
62．考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
点睛：本文比较难的一个题是10题。短语give it a try不容易想出来。give a try试试。give sb sth；give sth to sb这些短语学生都很清楚。但give后加it或sth的形式，比较少见。高考复习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语，尤其是用的比较多，而课本中出现较少的短语。
63．One possible version:
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. My horse turned to the left to avoid the little rabbit as I held on tightly and tried not to fall. Then my dad turned around and shouted, “Hold on!” All of a sudden the horse began to run. My dad tried to keep up behind us. For a few minutes my horse slowed down to a trot and then stopped beside a river. I looked around and realized that we were way off the track.
We had no idea where we were and it got dark. Luckily the stars came out and gave us a little light when we were looking for the way to the farm house. After what must have been several hours, we suddenly heard the sound of sheep in the distance. My dad and I both rode our horses towards the sound of the sheep. As we got closer we saw Uncle Paul with a flashlight waving us over. What a night!
【解析】
读后续写要求考生首先要读懂已有信息，不仅能读懂字面含义，还要理清文章的脉络。续篇这篇短文时，考生要搞清楚故事的发展进程、前因后果、地理位置、人物思想情感的变化等。在此基础上，考生要顺着文章的思路，根据线索，发挥想象，对其后的情节进行合理预测，并用语言表达出来。
通过阅读所给文章可知，父亲带儿子去西部荒野的一个朋友家体验农场生活，见父亲和叔叔骑马，儿子也很想骑，于是亲身上马体验。
根据第一段所给首句Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.这一句是故事发展的转折点，可从rabbit出现后带来的反应扩展开，可以写马的反应，也可以写人的反应，但要注意与第二段首句相呼应。
第二段首句是We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.这一句呼应前文Uncle Paul的叮嘱——不要误吃晚饭，可从如何寻路返回农场去写。
续写时注意要使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后要用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Unit 3 Sports and fitness
高中英语单词背诵【真题训练】
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
评卷人
得分
一、完形填空(共40分)
(本题40分)（2019·云南昆明高考模拟） My least favorite part was participating in sport meets, for I loved running by myself. When faced with running against fellow athletes, I was 1 . I had butterflies in my stomach and the sudden urge to go to the nearest 2 . This year, 3 , I was encouraged to join in a long distance running competition by my coach.
The 800-meter event was approaching, meaning that I would 4 soon. I breathed deeply and tried to 5 my worries. I walked over to some of the 6 who would run with me and started to 7 with them. We were all loosening up and getting ready to run as 8 as possible.
I stepped up to the line for the event. The starter raised his cap gun and 9 . About twenty-five runners 10 . With these runners around me, I 11 my coach’s words, “You may be small, but you have 12 power.” So, I kept up with athletes twice my 13 . I picked up the runner in seventh place and based my steps on him, making it a little bit faster. One by one, I 14 to make it to the top four, bursting around the lap.
It was the last lap before the final straightaway. I 15 I had the possibility to win. So I widened my steps, speeding up my 16 . I caught up with the runner in first place and we ran side-by-side down the last 100 meters --- I 17 him by a hair at the finishing line.
My coach gave me a 18 hug as I headed back to see him. He was 19 because I had shortened my original 20 by twelve seconds at least.
1．(2分)A．shocked B．nervous C．comfortable D．brave
2．(2分)A．stadium B．hospital C．bathroom D．station
3．(2分)A．however B．instead C．otherwise D．moreover
4．(2分)A．delay B．fail C．escape D．compete
5．(2分)A．ignore B．increase C．form D．imagine
6．(2分)A．reporters B．judges C．runners D．coaches
7．(2分)A．watch out B．turn back C．get away D．warm up
8．(2分)A．smoothly B．rapidly C．calmly D．patiently
9．(2分)A．returned B．withdrew C．screamed D．fired
10．(2分)A．took off B．set down C．looked on D．went about
11．(2分)A．challenged B．recalled C．forgot D．adapted
12．(2分)A．exact B．great C．practical D．suitable
13．(2分)A．pressure B．salary C．size D．age
14．(2分)A．offered B．pretended C．regretted D．managed
15．(2分)A．claimed B．heard C．supposed D．remembered
16．(2分)A．speech B．mind C．fight D．pace
17．(2分)A．beat B．pushed C．dragged D．followed
18．(2分)A．soft B．cautious C．firm D．slight
19．(2分)A．excited B．disappointed C．relaxed D．depressed
20．(2分)A．distance B．time C．lap D．step
评卷人
得分
二、阅读选择(共52分)
(本题8分)（2014·重庆高考真题） I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (贴标签) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.
The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through phone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.
Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn't notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “Thanks.”
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn't always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.
21．(2分)What made Kate angry one evening?
A．She couldn’t find her books.
B．She heard the author shouting loud.
C．She got the news that her grandma was ill.
D．She saw the author's shoes beneath her bed.
22．(2分)The author tidied up the room most probably because _______.
A．she hated herself for being so messy
B．she was asked by Kate to do so
C．she was scared by Kate’s anger
D．she wanted to show her care
23．(2分)How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?
A．By analyzing causes.
B．By describing a process.
C．By showing differences.
D．By following time order.
24．(2分)What might be the best title for the story?
A．My Friend Kate
B．Hard Work Pays Off
C．How to Be Organized
D．Learning to Be Roommates
(本题8分)（2017·全国高考真题） The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.
Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people, leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive.
Led by Professor Phil Blythe, the Newcastle team are developing in-vehicle technologies for older drivers which they hope could help them to continue driving into later life.
These include custom-made navigation(导航) tools, night vision systems and intelligent speed adaptations. Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”
“But we all have to accept that as we get older our reactions slow down and this often results in people avoiding any potentially challenging driving conditions and losing confidence in their driving skills. The result is that people stop driving before they really need to.” Dr Amy Guo, the leading researcher on the older driver study, explains, “The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.”
“For example, most of us would expect older drivers always go slower than everyone else but surprisingly, we found that in 30mph zones they struggled to keep at a constant speed and so were more likely to break the speed limit and be at risk of getting fined. We’re looking at the benefits of systems which control their speed as a way of preventing that.”
“We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.”
25．(2分)What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?
A．To explore new means of transport. B．To design new types of cars.
C．To find out older driver’s problems. D．To teach people traffic rules.
26．(2分)Why is driving important for older people according to Phil Blythe?
A．It keeps them independent. B．It helps them save time.
C．It builds up their strength. D．It cures their mental illnesses.
27．(2分)What do researchers hope to do for older drivers?
A．Improve their driving skills. B．Develop driver-assist technologies.
C．Provide tips on repairing their cars. D．Organize regular physical checkups.
28．(2分)What is the best title for the text?
A．A new Model Electric Car B．A Solution to Traffic Problem
C．Driving Service for elders D．Keeping Older Drivers on the Road
(本题8分)（2019·昆明市官渡区第一中学高二开学考试） Sitting on the sofa in her family’s Michigan home in 2009, looking through the Guinness World Records, 10 year-old Winter Vinecki was surprised to find that the record for the youngest person to complete a marathon on every continent was held by a 27-year-old man. “I can beat that,” she declared. “For Dad. ” And she had every reason to believe she could.
A natural athlete since the age of 5, Winter had been running together with her mom and uncle, both athletes, and competing in races across the country. Soon, her name was appearing in national competitions. Trophies (奖牌) lined her walls.
But in 2008, at the age of 9, Winter stopped racing for medals. In May of that year, her father found out he had caught a rare cancer. To raise awareness and funds to fight the disease. Winter started an organization called I earn Winter. Just 10 months after his diagnosis, her father passed away.
Over the next three years, Winter came first in 20 of the 37 races in which she competed, including four Junior Olympics Cross Country Championships. Along the way, she raised over $ 400,000 to help find a cure for cancer.
Now 14, Winter is working on her world record to win her cause a place in the Guinness World Records. She recently completed her first marathon in Eugene, Oregon, a race normally limited to runners over 16, finishing in an amazing 3:45:04. “I’m used to racing with adults, and I think it’s kind of fun to race past them,” said Winter before the race.
With six continents to go, Winter has just begun a journey that will take her two years. “Every time I step to a starting line,” Winter says, “I have one thought in mind: keeping my dad’s spirit alive.”
29．(2分)Winter tries to break the Guinness World Record as ________.
A．the youngest marathon runner
B．the athlete with the most medals
C．the marathon runner with the most medals
D．the youngest marathon runner on all continents
30．(2分)What caused Winter to start the organization “Team Winter”？
A．Her father’s disease. B．Her father’s death.
C．Her uncle’s advice. D．Her mother’s disease.
31．(2分)When did Winter finish her first marathon race?
A．At age 9. B．At age 10.
C．At age 14. D．At age 16.
32．(2分)What does the word “them” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A．World records. B．Adult runners.
C．Young runners. D．Marathon races.
(本题8分)（2020·吴起高级中学高一期末） Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.
But while it’s long been believed that endorphins (脑内啡) — chemicals in the body that cause happiness — are behind the so-called “runner’s high”, a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.
According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.
To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.
Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise, along with many other chemicals. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety.
But after being given a drug to block their endorphins the change. However, when their endocannabinoids were block with a different drug, their runner’s high symptoms seemed to fade.
“The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner's high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on science blog Lifchacker.
Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it’s already well known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety.
The UK’s National Health Service even prescribes (开药方) exercise to patients who are suffering from depression.
“Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it’s especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression,” it wrote on its website.
It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we don’t fully understand where it comes from. At least if we’re feeling down, we know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes.
33．(2分)What did scientists from German universities recently discover?
A．Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression.
B．The runner’s high could be caused by endocannabinoids.
C．Endorphins may contribute to one’s high spirits after running.
D．The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one’s mood.
34．(2分)The scientists gave mice drugs in their experiment to .
A．find what reduces the runner’s high symptoms
B．see the specific symptoms of the runner’s high
C．identify what is responsible for the runner’s high
D．test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released
35．(2分)The underlined word “notion” in Paragraph 7 has the closest meaning to .
A．effect B．goal
C．question D．belief
36．(2分)According to the UK’s National Health Service, regular workouts .
A．are the best way to treat depression
B．can help ease depression symptoms
C．only work for those with serious depression
D．can help people completely recover from depression
(本题6分)（2020·广东潮州高二期末）Chambanamoms Presents
Girl's Night Out: Foot Golf!
Grab some friends and join us on Saturday, June 4, for a fun night out at Lake of the Woods Golf Course in Mahomet, thanks to our friends at the Champaign County Forest Preserve District. There will be giveaways, some adult drinks and food, as well as a great night out playing Foot Golf. Yes, we said Foot Golf .You don' t need to have a bag full of club(球杆)or fancy spike(钉鞋)--- just bring yourself (and athletic shoes, please).
If you can kick a soccer ball, you can play Foot Golf. If you can laugh and have fun, you can also play Foot Golf.
So what is Foot Golf? Foot Golf is what happens when you combine golf and soccer. Players kick off from a tee box (开球处) and attempt to get their soccer ball into a 21-inch diameter(直径) cup using the fewest number of kicks. Foot Golf can be played by children and adults. It is a trend sweeping golf courses across the country, and we are lucky to have it right here in Champaign County.
This event is FREE. To manage the number of people we have on the course, we are asking our friends to register (注册) . Here is a quick and easy form to fill out: http://www.chambanamoms.com/girlsnightoutrsvp/
We look forward to seeing you on Saturday, June 4, at 7 p.m. Bring your girlfriends 一and your sense of humor!
IF YOU DRIVE: Lake of the Woods Golf Course is a quick drive west from Champaign-Urbana on Interstate 74. Get off at Lake of the Woods exit, Exit No. 174. Head north for 1/2 mile until the first stop sign. Take a left at the stop sign and travel for one mile. This road will take you directly to the golf course.
37．(2分)Participants who come to Girl's Night Out
A．need to bring spikes
B．should wear athletic shoes
C．should bring their own clubs
D．have to bring drinks and food
38．(2分)What do we know about Foot Golf?
A．It is played worldwide.
B．It is intended for children.
C．It is nothing like playing golf.
D．It is a mixture of golf and soccer.
39．(2分)What type of writing is this text?
A．A lesson plan.
B．An announcement.
C．An educational report.
D．An introduction to a sport.
(本题6分)（2020·陕西铜川高三二模）What is body surfing?
Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard. That’s why it is called the “purest” form of surfing. In fact, it is one of very few extreme sports—free climbing and cliff diving are. others—that can be practiced using nothing but the human body.
How do you do it?
To catch a wave, swim to where the waves break and, as one approaches, start swimming towards the beach. You must try to travel at the same speed as the wave and, if you do it correctly, you will feel the wave lifting you and pushing you forwards. Then try and cut along the surface of the wave.
What do you need?
It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). This is because they enable you to swim faster and surf along them more easily. A wetsuit is also advisable. Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave. If you are lucky enough to be surfing in warm water, make sure you have your boardshorts at the ready.
Unofficial world championship
Bodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. Local bodysurfers compete against athletes from places such as Australia, Brazil, Japan or France. Famous bodyboarder Mike Stewart has won the event no fewer than 12 times, and Kelly Slater, the greatest surfer in history, has also competed.
40．(2分)How does a bodysurfer surf while in the sea?
A．Only using the human body. B．Only relying on a surfboard.
C．Only following a wave. D．Only swimming along the beach.
41．(2分)Which can make you surf faster?
A．Flippers and a wetsuit. B．A wetsuit and a handboard.
C．A handboard and boardshorts. D．A handboard and Flippers.
42．(2分)What can we know about the Pipeline Body surfing Classic?
A．It is for local bodysurfers. B．It is held annually in Hawaii.
C．All famous bodysurfers favor it. D．Mike Stewart attends it every year.
(本题8分)（2018·江苏省海头高级中学高一单元测试）
Karate (空手道) is thought to have appeared in the Ryukyu Kingdom firstly as a form of self-defence at a time when weapons (武器) were banned. It began as a fighting style used by the natives of the Ryukyu Islands and was later influenced by Kenpo (quan fa) after business relationships between China and the islands were developed. Very little is known of the origins of karate before it appeared in the Ryukyu Islands, but one popular theory states that it came from India over a thousand years ago and developed from a style of temple boxing based on exercises designed to strengthen the mind and body. However, the truthfulness of this story is questioned.
Now karate has become a popular and beloved sport. The World Karate Federation (WFK) has developed a system of common rules and regulations. In 1994 karate became an official event for the first time in the 12th Asian games in Hiroshima in Japan. On September 28, 2015, karate was featured on a shortlist along with baseball and softball, skateboarding, surfing, and rock climbing to be considered for inclusion in the 2020 Summer Olympics. On June 1, 2016, the International Olympic Committee announced they were supporting the inclusion of all five sports in the 2020 Games.
Karate was developed for the purpose of protecting oneself with one’s bare hands. Therefore, practitioners of karate use their whole body to block the attacker’s strike. The basic philosophy of karate is that “karate is ultimately (最终) for self-defence”. This is reflected in karate’s unique teaching of “never strike first”, with which practitioners guide themselves.
Karate World Championships are held under a weight class system including five divisions for both men and women. Competitors choose which kata (招数) they will show from about 75 types. They are required to show a different kata for each match, including the final. Competitors are judged on the speed and power, and are also required to show their understanding of the meaning or principle carried by the kata they demonstrate (展示).
Under conventional competition rules, one competitor is assigned (指定) a blue belt and the other a red belt and each takes turns showing his or her kata. The outcome of the competition is determined under a flag system, where five judges, who each has a blue flag and a red flag, raise either to signal which competitor, they believe, wins: the one with more flags is declared the winner. However, to provide more clarity (透明) regarding the judges’ views, discussions on applying a scoring system where victory or defeat is determined by adding up the points that each judge gives each competitor are being held for the Tokyo 2020 Games.
43．(2分)What can we learn from the first paragraph?
A．The origins of karate have been made clear.
B．Karate was used to strengthen the mind and body at first.
C．It is believed karate dates back over one thousand years.
D．Chinese Kung fu played a role in the development of karate.
44．(2分)What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．Modern karate.
B．Karate’s popularity.
C．Common rules of karate.
D．Karate as an Olympic event.
45．(2分)In Karate World Championships, competitors should ________.
A．select a different kata in each match
B．keep the spirit of self-defence in mind
C．show 75 kinds of katas to judges at first
D．choose the hardest level of karate in the final
46．(2分)According to the last paragraph, in the Tokyo 2020 Games ________.
A．the flag system will continue playing an important role
B．competition results will become much fairer
C．judges’ views will become less important
D．a scoring system may be used
评卷人
得分
三、七选五(共10分)
(本题10分)（2015·全国高考真题） Training for a marathon (马拉松) requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 47．(2分), buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 48．(2分). As always, you should stretch (伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 49．(2分), it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 50．(2分). After two weeks, start timing yourself. 51．(2分). Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.
A．After six days
B．For a good marathon runner
C．Before you begin your training
D．With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E.If they still feel good, you can begin running in them
F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
评卷人
得分
四、短文改错(共2分)
52．(本题2分)（2020·安徽蚌埠高一期末）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第 11 处起）不计分。
Last week, we watched an excited basketball match in our school. It is between Grade 1 and Grade 2 students. During a match,the players from all teams played very hard. Grade 2 was a stronger team. However, for our surprise, Grade 1 won at last. The player jumped and hugged to celebrate their success. Just then, the players from the other team that approached and said “Congratulations!” to them.
They wore smiles on faces and you couldn’t tell from their expressions that they had lost the match. We were touching by the scene and felt what important a role sport plays in daily life.
评卷人
得分
五、用单词的适当形式完成短文(共20分)
(本题20分)（2018·全国高考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 53．(2分)(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long54．(2分)(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 55．(2分) (die) early by running. While running regularly can't make you live forever, the review says it 56．(2分) (be) more effective at lengthening life57．(2分) walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 201458．(2分)showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 59．(2分)(cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to60．(2分)(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always61．(2分)(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give62．(2分)a try.
评卷人
得分
六、读后续写(共26分)
63．(本题26分)（2018·浙江高考真题） It was summer, and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before. He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.
We took a plane to Albuquerque, a big city in the state of New Mexico. We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon. Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.
His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle. My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby. Very early in the morning, Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast. "The day starts at dawn on my farm," he said. After breakfast, I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens, while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草). I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses. They looked really cool.
In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my dad went with me. I wasn’t going to take a horse ride by myself anyway. So, my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats, got on our horses, and headed slowly towards the mountains. "Don’t be late for supper," Uncle Paul cried, "and keep to the track so that you don’t get lost!" "OK! " my dad cried back. After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight. It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks, the deep green pine trees, and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene. It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.
注意：
（1）所续写短文的词数应为l50左右；
（2）至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语：
（3）续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；
（4）续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. ____________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. _____________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．B 13．C 14．D 15．C 16．D 17．A 18．C 19．A 20．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文属于记叙文，讲述作者之前不喜欢参加赛跑，参加的时候很紧张，但是在一次长跑比赛中，深受教练的鼓励，终于取得了好成绩。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当和运动员赛跑的时候，我就感到紧张。A. shocked震惊的；B. nervous紧张的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. brave勇敢的。根据后文I had butterflies in my stomach可知，作者不喜欢参加运动会，因此参加运动会感到紧张，故选B。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：跑步的时候，很紧张，很想去最近的厕所。A. stadium体育馆；B. hospital医院；C. bathroom厕所；D. station站点。根据本句可知，作者很紧张，因此要去厕所，故选C。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，今年，教练鼓励我参加一个长跑比赛。A. however但是；B. instead 相反；C. otherwise否则；D. moreover此外。根据前文可知，作者不喜欢赛跑，但是今年参加了，故前后转折，故选A。
4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：800米项目就要来了，意味着我很快就可以比赛了。A. delay推迟；B. fail失败；C. escape逃跑；D. compete竞争。根据文章可知，作者还是很想结束比赛，故选D。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我深呼吸了一下，努力把我的紧张放在一边。A. ignore 忽视；B. increase增加；C. form形成；D. imagine想象。根据前文可知，作者深呼吸是为了让自己不那么紧张，故选A。
6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我走向竞争对手旁边，开始和他们一道热身。A. reporters记者；B. judges裁判；C. runners运动员；D. coaches教练。根据本句后文可知，作者准备比赛，开始热身，因此选C。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我走向竞争对手旁边，开始和他们一道热身。A. watch out当心；B. turn back掉头转身；C. get away离开；D. warm up热身。根据常识可知，比赛之前需要热身，故选D。
8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们开始放松，准备跑的尽可能得快。A. smoothly顺利地；B. rapidly迅速地；C. calmly 平静地；D. patiently耐心地。根据文章可知，赛跑比的是速度，故选B。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：发令员举起信号枪并开枪，大约25个参赛者飞一般冲出去。A. returned归还；B. withdrew撤销；C. screamed尖叫；D. fired开火。根据常识可知，发令员开火以示比赛开始，故选D。
10．考查动词短语辨析。句意：发令员举起信号枪并开枪，大约25个参赛者飞一般冲出去。A. took off起飞；B. set down写下，记下；C. looked on旁观；D. went about四处走动。根据文章可知，运动员飞速冲出去，故选A。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：看着我旁边的运动员，我想起了教练的话。A. challenged挑战；B. recalled回忆；C. forgot忘记；D. adapted适应。根据后文可知，作者想起了教练的话，故选B。
12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：你可能很微小，但是有很大的力量。A. exact准确的；B. great巨大的；C. practical实际的；D. suitable适合的。根据本句but可知，前后转折，微小但是有巨大的力量，故选B。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此我不落后那些我两倍体型的运动员。A. pressure压力；B. salary工资；C. size尺寸；D. age年龄。根据文章可知，作者听到教练的话，很受鼓励，故选C。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我成功达到前四名，快速绕着赛道跑。A. offered提供；B. pretended假装；C. regretted后悔；D. managed努力做成。根据文章可知，作者通过自己的努力，赶超了别人，故选D 。manage to do sth努力做成某事。
15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在最后直线跑到之前的一圈，我认为自己有获胜的可能。 A. claimed声称；B. heard听；C. supposed认为；D. remembered想起。根据后文可知，作者再次发力，成为冠军，故选C。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：因此，我增大步幅，加快速度。A. speech演讲；B. mind思想；C. fight斗争；D. pace步伐。根据文章可知，作者加速冲到终点线，故选D。
17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我赶上第一名选手，在最后的100米与他齐头并进，并且在终点线，以丝毫的优势打败了他。A. beat打败；B. pushed推；C. dragged拖；D. followed跟随。根据文章可知，作者赢得了比赛，故选A.
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我回去找我教练的时候，他给我一个深深的拥抱。A. soft柔软的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. firm牢固的；D. slight轻微的。根据文章可知，作者赢得很不容易，故教练给了他一个很深的拥抱，故选C。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他很兴奋，因为我原本的时间缩短了至少20秒。A. excited兴奋的；B. disappointed失望的；C. relaxed放松的；D. depressed抑郁的。根据后文可知，作者缩短了时间，因此教练很高兴，故选A。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他很兴奋，因为我原本的时间缩短了至少20秒。A. distance距离；B. time时间；C. lap圈；D. step步伐。根据本句twelve seconds可知，缩短时间，故选B。
21．D 22．D 23．C 24．D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。作者与室友生活习惯迥异，冲突在所难免。在室友遭遇悲痛之时，作者以实际行动表达自己的同情，从而达成和好。作者从中懂得一个道理：让步、整理房间和坚持是处理室友关系的关键。
21．细节理解题。根据第二段I heard her screaming. “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me.可知，室友生气是因为作者乱丢乱放的鞋子，故选D。
22．推理判断题。根据第四段All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.可知，作者整理房间是出于对室友悲伤的同情而表达自己的关切，故选D。
23．推理判断题。根据第一段Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled(贴标签)everything. I always looked for everything. Over time，Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. So we both got tired of each other.等内容可知，作者列举了与室友在日常习惯上的种种差异，故选C。
24．主旨大意题。文章最后一段we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.可知，作者表达了自己叙述这个故事的意图：就是懂得了与室友相处的关键，故选D。
25．C 26．A 27．B 28．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了老年司机在需要停止开车的年龄之前就不得不停止开车，所以一些研究人员就开始了解老年司机存在的问题，想要用技术去解决这些问题，比如开发了控制速度的系统、制定导航工具、夜视系统和智能速度适应。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.可知，DriveLAB为了理解老年司机所面对的挑战，发现关键点在哪里。即发现老年司机的问题，故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据第四段中Phil Blythe explains: “For many older people, particularly those living alone or in the country, driving is important for preserving their independence, giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others.”可知，开车对于保持老年司机的独立性很重要，让他们可以自由地出去走动，而不必依赖别人。故选A。
27．推理判断题。根据第五段中The DriveLAB is helping us to understand what the key points and difficulties are for older drivers and how we might use technology to address these problems.及最后一段We hope that our work will help with technological solutions(解决方案) to ensure that older drivers stay safer behind the wheel.可知，研究人员想要用技术解决的老年司机的关键难题，而且正在研究一种控制速度的系统，即开发驾驶员辅助技术，故选B。
28．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述一些研究人员想要利用技术解决老年司机驾驶存在的问题，其目的是帮助老年司机能够一直开车直到应该停止的年龄，故以 Keeping Older Drivers on the Road符合全文主旨，其他题目都太片面，不足以概括全文。故选D。
【点睛】
主旨大意题解题技巧
Topic/Title型-使用逆推法
（1）要在阅读原文基础上，仔细考虑选项是否与文章主题有密切联系
（2）再看选项对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何
（3）要注意题目是否过大或者过小
（4）要避免下列三种错误概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，导致范围过小）、过度概括（多表现为扩大范围）、以事实、细节代替抽象概括的大意。
比如第四题主要围绕老年司机为主，故排除了A和B，对象不正确。C. Driving Service for elders. 为老人提供服务，本文也算服务的一种，但是犯了过度概括的错误，范围扩大了， D. Keeping Older Drivers on the Road.这正是本文介绍的内容，研究人员目的也是延长老年司机的驾驶时间。故选D。
29．D 30．A 31．C 32．B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲了美国年轻的运动员Winter Vinecki。她从五岁开始跑步，后来她参加了全国各个比赛并取得了很多奖牌，在14岁时她准备创造一项世界纪录，完成七大洲的马拉松，她一直保持着她爸爸的精神。
29．细节理解题。由文中第一段的10 year-old Winter Vinecki was surprised to find that the record for the youngest person to complete a marathon on every continent was held by a 27-year-old man. “I can beat that,” 可知，这项吉尼斯世界纪录最年轻的保持者是27岁，而温特认为她可以完成这项纪录，在年龄上打败他，故D选项正确。
30．细节理解题。由文中第三段的In May of that year, her father found out he had caught a rare cancer. To raise awareness and funds to fight the disease. Winter started an organization called I earn Winter. 可知，温特是在父亲病了之后，为了筹集资金对抗疾病，才开始创建I earn Winter这个组织的。故A选项正确。
31．细节理解题。由文中倒数第二段的Now 14, Winter is working on her world record to........ She recently completed her first marathon in Eugene,可知。温特是在14岁的时候完成第一次马拉松。C选项正确。
32．词义猜测题。画线部分所在的句子 “I’m used to racing with adults, and I think it’s kind of fun to race past them,”意思是温特习惯于和成年人比赛，她认为超过他们很有趣，所以这里的them指的是和她比赛的成年人，故B选项正确。
【点睛】
本文细节题居多，答题时在文章找到对应的地方，用笔进行标记，这有利于后期有时间检查时可以立刻找到答案的位置。仔细理解作者所讲的意思，再结合选项，通过排除法和自己对全文的把握，选出正确答案。例如本文的第2小题，根据题干内容可把答案定位在第三段，根据第三段的第二句To raise awareness and funds to fight the disease. 可知，温特创建这个组织的目的是筹集资金对抗父亲的疾病，所以A选项正确。同样第3小题，该题要选出温特是在几岁完成第一次马拉松的，根据题干可把答案定位在倒数第二段，在第二句She recently completed her first marathon 提到她完成了第一次马拉松，在前面一句提到温特这个时候是14岁，所以C选项正确。
33．B 34．C 35．D 36．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。跑步通常很累人，也很辛苦，但没有什么能比你在跑道上长时间锻炼后的感觉更好。即使我们不完全理解它来自哪里。至少，如果我们情绪低落，我们知道我们所要做的就是穿上跑鞋。
33．细节理解题。根据第三段According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.可知，德国几所大学的一组科学家最近发表的一项研究表明，一种叫做内源性大麻素的化学物质可能是造成这种熟悉的感觉的真正原因。由此可知，跑步者的兴奋可能是由内源性大麻素引起的。故选B。
34．推理判断题。根据第三、四段According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素）may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.(德国几所大学的一组科学家最近发表的一项研究表明，一种叫做内源性大麻素的化学物质可能是造成这种熟悉的感觉的真正原因)和To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice.(为了验证这个理论，科学家们用老鼠做实验)可知，科学家们在实验中给老鼠注射了药物，以确定导致跑步者兴奋的原因。故选C。
35．词义猜测题。根据第七段中The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner’s high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,可知，长久以来认为内啡肽导致跑步者的兴奋的notion是错误的。内啡肽是一种有效的镇痛物质，但只有当你在锻炼后感到身体和肌肉疼痛时，你才会感到疼痛。由此推知，notion指的是“观点，意见”。故选D。
36．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it's especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression,(如果你患有抑郁症，有规律的锻炼可以改善你的情绪，这对患有轻度到中度抑郁症的人尤其有用)可知，根据英国国家健康服务中心的数据，定期锻炼可以缓解抑郁症的症状。故选B。
37．B 38．D 39．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是应用文。文章是一则关于女孩之夜:足球高尔夫的通知。
37．
细节理解题。由第一段的最后一句“You don' t need to have a bag full of club (球杆) or fancy spike (钉鞋) --- just bring yourself (and athletic shoes, please).”可知，参加 Girl's Night Out 的女孩不需要带高尔夫球杆和钉鞋，只需要穿运动鞋。故选B项。
38．
细节理解题。第三段提到“It is a trend sweeping golf courses across the country”这项运动全国风靡，没有提到在世界范围内流行，排除A项。由“Foot Golf can be played by children and adults.”可知，成人和小孩子都可以玩这项运动，排除B项。由第三段中的“So what is Foot Golf? Foot Golf is what happens when you combine golf and soccer.”可知，Foot Golf 是一项把高尔夫运动和足球运动结合在一起的运动。故选D项。
39．
推理判断题。根据文章内容以及倒数第三段中的“To manage the number of people we have on the course, we are asking our friends to register (注册) . Here is a quick and easy form to fill out:”为了管理参加课程的人数，我们请我们的朋友注册。这是一张填写起来又快又方便的表格。和倒数第四段“We look forward to seeing you on Saturday, June 4, at 7 p.m.”我们期待着6月4日(星期六)下午7点与您见面。由此判断出，本文是一则通知。通知大家来积极参加足球高尔夫活动。故选B项。
40．A 41．D 42．B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项非专业的运动——人体冲浪。
40．细节理解题。根据文章第一段Bodysurfing is related to riding on a wave with no help from aid tools such as a surfboard.和that can be practiced using nothing but the human body.可知，人体冲浪是在没有冲浪板等辅助工具帮助的情况下在海浪上冲浪。故选A。
41．细节理解题。根据文章第三段It is more enjoyable and safer if you use flippers (large flat rubber shoes). 如果你使用脚蹼会更舒适、更安全，和Another aid is a handboard, a mini-surf board about the size of an iron, held in one hand to speed up along the wave. 一只手拿着冲浪板可以加速冲浪。故选D。
42．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Bodysurfing is not a professional sport, but in Hawaii there is such a festival called the Pipeline Bodysurfing Classic each year. 在夏威夷每年都会有一个名为管道人体冲浪经典的节日。故选B。
【点睛】
文章内容较为简单，集中考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如小题1选择项中关键词句的Only using the human body，到文章找到关键词句using nothing but the human body.。所以我们考生要通过比较这些细微区别，仔细辨别才能得出答案。
43．D 44．A 45．A 46．D
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了奥运会候选的格斗搏击项目——起源于琉球王国的空手道的历史及其现代的发展。
43．推理判断题。根据第一段It began as a fighting style used by the natives of the Ryukyu Islands and was later influenced by Kenpo (quan fa) after business relationships between China and the islands were developed.得知，中国功夫影响空手道的发展。故选D。
44．推理判断题。根据第二段Now karate has become a popular and beloved sport. The World Karate Federation (WFK) has developed a system of common rules and regulations. In 1994 karate became an official event for the first time in the 12th Asian games in Hiroshima in Japan.得知，本段讲述的是现代空手道的发展。故选A。
45．细节理解题。根据第四段Competitors choose which kata (招数) they will show from about 75 types. They are required to show a different kata for each match, including the final.得知，在空手道世界冠军赛中竞争者要在每次比赛时展现一种不同的招数。故选A。
46．推理判断题。根据最后一段to provide more clarity (透明) regarding the judges’ views, discussions on applying a scoring system where victory or defeat is determined by adding up the points that each judge gives each competitor are being held for the Tokyo 2020 Games.得知，为了提供更加透明的裁判意见，2020年东京奥运会跆拳道比赛中将实行新的记分制度。故选D。
47．C 48．E 49．A 50．D 51．G
【解析】
【分析】
本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了进行马拉松训练的具体做法。首先要为训练做好准备：准备好跑鞋以及训练前的热身动作。第一周：训练跑步时间的逐天增加；第二周：训练跑步距离的逐天增加；两周后，开始计时跑，制订逐步提高跑步时间和距离的计划。
47．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空后buy the best-fitting running shoes you can find（买一双你能找到的最合适的跑鞋）可知，此处是为了跑马拉松进行的准备工作。由此可知，C项Before you begin your training（在你开始训练之前）符合文意。故选C。
48．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to doublecheck the fit.（当你找到一双合适的鞋子，穿上几天再检查一下是否合脚）可知，E选项中they指的是前面提到的shoes，属于指代一致性，另外feel good与the fit有关。由此可知，E项If they still feel good, you can begin running in them（如果它们仍然感觉不错，你就可以穿着它们开始跑步了）符合文意。故选E.
49．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day.（在第一周，不要考虑距离，而是每天多跑5分钟。）可知，此处提到了一周七天的时间。再根据空后it is wise to take a day off to rest（明智的做法是休息一天）可知，剩余的就是六天的时间。由此可知，A项After six days（六天后）符合文意。故选A.
50．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据空前面But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.（但在接下来的一周，设定一个目标，每次跑步至少1.5英里）可知，此处指在距离上开始制定目标。由此可知，D项With each day, increase the distance by a half mile（每天增加半英里的距离）符合文意。故选D.
51．考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。根据上文During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.（在第一周，不要考虑距离，而是每天多跑5分钟。但在接下来的一周，设定一个目标，每次跑步至少1.5英里）及After two weeks, start timing yourself.（两周后开始计时）可知，此处提到了逐日增加跑步的时间和长度，两周后最自己开始计时。由此可知，G项Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time.（现在，你准备好去制定一个提高距离和时间的目标）符合文意。故选G.
52．1. excited→exciting
2. is→was
3. a→the
4. all→both
5. for→to
6. player→players
7. 去掉that
8. on后加their
9. touching→touched
10. what→how
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了上周一年级和二年级同学之间进行的一场激动人心的篮球比赛。
【小题1】
考查形容词。句意：上周，我们在学校看了一场激动人心的比赛。excitied意为“激动的”，修饰人。exciting意为“令人激动的”，修饰物。这里其后名词为match。故将excited改为exciting。
【小题2】
考查动词时态。句意：比赛双方是一年级和二年级的同学。文章在讲过去发生的事情，要用一般过去式。故将is改为was。
【小题3】
考查定冠词。第三句话提到的match，特指前面已经提到过的比赛，要用定冠词。故将a改为the。
【小题4】
考查代词。句意：在比赛中，双方队员都很努力。前面提到比赛双方是一年级和二年级。比赛只有两个队。故将all改为both。
【小题5】
考查固定表达。to one's suprise为固定表达，意为“出乎某人意料之外”。故将for改为to。
【小题6】
考查名词复数。句意：队员们跳起来拥抱对方，庆祝他们的成功。句子最后出现代词their，所以本句主语应为复数。且比赛中不止一位队员。故将player改为players。
【小题7】
考查代词。句意：对手队伍的队员那时也走过来向他们表示祝贺。分析句子结构可知，本句主语为the players，谓语为approached and said。这里的that多余。故将that去掉。
【小题8】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：他们脸上带着微笑。on their faces意为“在他们的脸上”，their来修饰限定faces。故将on后加their。
【小题9】
考查被动语态。句意：我们被这场景给感动了。touching意为“令人感动的”，修饰物。touch与主语we成被动关系，所以用touched，这里touched修饰人。be touched by...意为“被……感动”。故将touching改为touched。
【小题10】
考查宾语从句。句意：我们被这场景感动了。也体会到运动在我们的生活中扮演着多么重要的作用。分析句子结构可知，felt为动词，后面从句做其宾语。what意为“什么”，how意为“多么”，这里从句中用how来修饰important。故将what改为how。
53．longer54．to see55．dying56．is57．than58．that \which59．causes60．strengthen
61．energetic62．it \running
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们减少疾病发生，延年益寿。
53．考查副词的比较级。医学报告显示：经常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根据than可知用比较级，故填longer。
54．考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑的太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。
55．考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
56．考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
57．考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知，此处填than。
58．考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
59．考查名词复数。一项研究表明，仅仅每天5到10分钟的跑步，就能减少各种原因的心脏病和早亡。空格处做from的宾语，前面有all可知，要用名词复数形式。故填causes。
60．考查词形变化。锻炼以增强你腿上的肌肉。此处to是不定式符号，其后用动词原形。故填strengthen。
61．考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据it’s可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。
62．考查代词或名词的用法。我们都应该试试跑步。此处give it a try意为：试试。此处it可以指running。故填it或running。
点睛：本文比较难的一个题是10题。短语give it a try不容易想出来。give a try试试。give sb sth；give sth to sb这些短语学生都很清楚。但give后加it或sth的形式，比较少见。高考复习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语，尤其是用的比较多，而课本中出现较少的短语。
63．One possible version:
Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. My horse turned to the left to avoid the little rabbit as I held on tightly and tried not to fall. Then my dad turned around and shouted, “Hold on!” All of a sudden the horse began to run. My dad tried to keep up behind us. For a few minutes my horse slowed down to a trot and then stopped beside a river. I looked around and realized that we were way off the track.
We had no idea where we were and it got dark. Luckily the stars came out and gave us a little light when we were looking for the way to the farm house. After what must have been several hours, we suddenly heard the sound of sheep in the distance. My dad and I both rode our horses towards the sound of the sheep. As we got closer we saw Uncle Paul with a flashlight waving us over. What a night!
【解析】
读后续写要求考生首先要读懂已有信息，不仅能读懂字面含义，还要理清文章的脉络。续篇这篇短文时，考生要搞清楚故事的发展进程、前因后果、地理位置、人物思想情感的变化等。在此基础上，考生要顺着文章的思路，根据线索，发挥想象，对其后的情节进行合理预测，并用语言表达出来。
通过阅读所给文章可知，父亲带儿子去西部荒野的一个朋友家体验农场生活，见父亲和叔叔骑马，儿子也很想骑，于是亲身上马体验。
根据第一段所给首句Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.这一句是故事发展的转折点，可从rabbit出现后带来的反应扩展开，可以写马的反应，也可以写人的反应，但要注意与第二段首句相呼应。
第二段首句是We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.这一句呼应前文Uncle Paul的叮嘱——不要误吃晚饭，可从如何寻路返回农场去写。
续写时注意要使用5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语，我们要熟悉所给划线词语，恰当的时候加以运用。最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右；续写完成后要用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
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