人教版（pep)小升初英语语法专题复习讲义 6. 形容词、副词
展开形容词
一．形容词的定义
英语中用来表示人或事物的性质, 特征或状态的词称为形容词. 大多数形容词有比较等级的变化, 即原级, 比较级和最高级.
二．形容词的位置
形容词在句子中通常位于名词之前或系动词之后（形容词+名词/名词+系动词+形容词）。当有两个或两个以上的形容词修饰名词时，这些形容词有一定的排列顺序。(限观形龄色国材）
冠词或物主代词，指示代词，不定代词 |
数词 |
一般的描绘形容词
| 物体大小，长短，高低及形状的形容词
|
年龄大小，长幼，新旧的形容词 |
颜色的形容词 |
国籍的形容词 |
物质材料，类别，用途的形容词 |
中心词 |
a great green Olympics 伟大的绿色奥运
the tall young man 那个高个子的年轻人
two old Chinese stone bridges 两座古老的中国石桥
三．形容词的比较级和最高级
1. 形容词等级的构成形式
(1) 规则变化
单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er, -est 来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法 | 原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
直接加-er, -est | tall great | taller greater | tallest greatest |
以不发音e结尾的单音节和少数以-le结尾的双音节词直接加-r, -st | nice large able | nicer larger abler | nicest largest ablest |
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er, -est |
fat thin big hot wet 胖瘦大热潮
|
fatter thinner bigger hotter wetter
|
fattest thinnest biggest hottest wettest |
辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i, 再加-er, -est | easy busy | easier busier | easiest busiest |
少数以-er, -ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er, -est | clever narrow | cleverer narrower | cleverest narrowest |
其它双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more, most, less, least来构成比较级和最高级。
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
important | more/less important | most/ least important |
beautiful | more/less beautiful | most/least beautiful |
expensive | more/less expensive | most/least expensive |
interesting | more/less interesting | most/least interesting |
(2) 不规则变化(好坏多少远）
原级 | 比较级 | 最高级 |
good/well (好） | better 更好的 | best 最好的 |
bad/badly/ill（坏） | worse 更坏/糟的 | worst 最坏/遭的 |
many/much（多） | more 更多的 | most 最多的 |
little（少） | less 较少的/较小的 | least 最少的/最小的 |
far（远） | farther 更远的 further | farthest 最远的 furthest |
- 形容词比较级的用法
（1）形容词的比较级是用于两个人或者事物之间的比较，表示“比…..更…一些”的意思。结构：主语+be+形容词比较级+than+比较对象。
Tom is taller than Jack.(Tom比Jack高。）
Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.(上海比中国的任何城市都大。）
Xiao Lu is more outgoing than her sister.（小璐比她姐姐开朗。）
（2 )有时比较前可以用many, much, far, even, a little 等等表示程度的壮语。
Yao Ming is far/much taller than me.（姚明比我高得多。）
My sister is two years older than me. （我的姐姐比我大两岁。）‘
She is a little fatter than me.（她比我胖点。）
(3) 同几比较用 “as + 形容词原级+as”结构, 否定形式为”not as ..as…”
She is as busy as a bee. (她像蜜蜂一样忙。）
It is not as cold as yesterday.（今天不像昨天那样冷。）
- 形容词最较级的用法
（1）形容词最高级的前面通常要加定冠词the, 后面跟一个短语或从句来表示比较的范围， 但在一定的上下文中，表示“比较范围”的短语或从句可以省略。
结构：主语+be+the+形容词最高级+（名词）+比较范围。
Andy is the youngest boy in his class. Andy是他班级里最小的学生。
（2）有时在形容词最高级前可以有序数词以及much, by far, nearly, almost等。
Canada is the second largest country in the world. 加拿大是世界上的第二大国。
(3) 有时最高级形式后面可以不跟名词。
This one is the fastest. （这个是最快的.)
(4) 比较范围通常用“in…” “of…” 短语或从句表示。
She is the cleverest student in our class. 她是我们班级里最聪明的学生。
She is the cleverest student of them all. 她是她们中最聪明的学生。
She is the cleverest student that I have ever seen. 她是我曾经见过最聪明的学生。
(5) 有时用比较级表示最高级
I can’t find a taller man than Yao Ming in China.在中国，我找不到比姚明更高的人。
= Yao Ming is the tallest man in China. 在中国，姚明是最高的人。
副词
一．副词的概念
副词是表示时间，场所，状态及程度等的词。可以修饰动词，形容词，其他副词，还可以修饰整个句子。
二．副词的种类
- 时间副词：表示事物发生的时间
before 以前 now 现在 early 早地 today 今天
- 地点副词：表示事情发生的地点，位置
here 这里 upstairs 楼上 somewhere 某处 away 远离
- 程度副词：表示程度的深浅
much 很 very 非常 almost 几乎 enough 足够 hardly 几乎不
- 频度副词：表示事情发生的频率
always 总是 often 经常 once 一次 ever 曾经
- 方式副词：表示事情进行的方式
quickly 快地 loudly 大声地 happily 幸福地 angrily 愤怒地
- 疑问副词：主要用来引导特殊疑问词
when 何时 why 为什么 where 哪儿 how 如何
三．副词的位置
- 副词修饰形容词时，一般放在形容词前面。
- 副词修饰其他副词时，一般放在这个副词的前面。
- 副词修饰动词时，一般放在行为动词的后面。
- 句子中有助动词或be动词时，副词一般位于助动词或be 动词之后。
四．副词的形式
- 形容词+ly构成：slow-slowly quick-quickly hurried-hurriedly
beautiful-beautifully cheap-cheaply sudden-suddenly bad-badly
- 以y结尾的，变y为i+ly: thirsty-thirstily happy-happily
lucky-luckily angry-angrily
五．副词比较等级的构成和用法
1， 规则的副词的变化形式和形容词的变化形式一样
2， 副词比较级的用法和形容词比较级的用法相同，但副词最高级前可以不加定冠词the （有时加也可以）
She sings best in her class. 她在她们班唱得最好。
3, 副词比较级和最高级的其它用法
（1）表示“越来越……”, 用 “比较级+and+比较级”结构或“more and more +原级”，
He runs faster and faster. 他跑得越来越快。
The girl grows more and more beautiful. 女孩儿变得越来越漂亮。
(2) 表示“越…, 越…,” 用 “the +副词比较级， the+副词比较级” 结构
The sooner, the better. 越快越好。
The harder she studied, the more progress she make.她学习越努力，进步就越大。
小升初专项练习—形容词
一．写出下列形容词的比较级和最高级
- old _______ _______ 2. big _______ _______
- hot _______ _______ 4. brave _______ _______
- well _______ _______ 6. good _______ _______
- bad _______ _______ 8. soft _______ _______
- heavy _______ _______ 10. large _______ _______
- clever _______ _______ 12. difficult _______ _______
- happy _______ _______ 14. much _______ _______
- far _______ _______ 16. little _______ _______
17. thin _______ _______ 18. busy _______ _______
19. sad _______ _______ 20. wet _______ _______
21. late _______ _______ 22. tidy _______ _______
23. few _______ _______ 24. fat _______ _______
25. easy _______ _______ 26. important _______ _______
二．用所给词的适当形式填空
1, The street is as _______ ( long ) as that one, but it is _______ ( wide ) than that one.
2, This is the _______ ( short ) way to Tian’an men Square.
3, My brother is 3 inches _______ ( tall ) than I.
4, The Nanjing Road is the _______ ( crowded ) street in Shanghai.
5, Every morning I get up _______ ( early ) than my brother, but my sister gets up _______ (early ).
6, Lesson 5 is _______ ( easy ) than lesson 6, but it is not so _______ ( interesting ) as lesson 6.
7, Do you have anything _______ ( much, more, most ) to say?
8, This is the_________ ( large ) power station that we have ever seen.
9, Which is the _______ ( high ) mountain in the world?
10, I can walk _______ (far) than a young man.
11, I was five minutes_________ ( late ) for the train.
三．单项选择
1.This bike is _______than that one
A. twenty yuan dear B.twenty yuan dearer C.dear twenty yuan D.dearer twenty yuan
2. Do you like those _______-?
A. beautiful two big new green boxes B. beautiful two new green big boxes
C. two beautiful green new big boxes D. two beautiful big new green boxes
3.We had better do the work with _______money and _______people.
A.little ,fewer B. little ,few C.less, fewer D. less ,few
4. You study English_______as your brother,but you don’t speak English _______much as he.
A.as hard, such B.as harder, such C.as hard ,so D. as harder , so
5.He had never seen a _______film.
A.more interest B.most interesting C.more interesting D. more interested
6.A _______person is sometimes easier to be cheated than a child.
A.growing-up B.grown-up C.up-growing D.grew-up
7.Of the two children,the boy looks _______than that one.
A.the taller. B.the tallest. C.a little tall D.taller
8.The river is _______than that one.
A.wide and deep B.wider and deeper C.widest and deepest D.wide and deeper
9.The air in Beijing is getting much ___ now than a few years ago.
A.clean B.cleaner C.cleanest D.the cleanest
10.My cousin is very busy with his work. He has ___ time to read newspapers.
A.little B.few C.a little D.a few
11.Who has ___ apples now, Jim, Lily or Lucy?
A.much B.biggest C.better D.the most
12.We all hope that there’s ___ pollution in the world.
A.more B.much C.less D.fewer
13.I’m fourteen. My friend is sixteen. So I’m ___ him.
A.as old as B.not younger than C.not as young as D.two years younger than
小升初专项练习—副词
一．讲下列形容词变成副词。
- good _________ 2. bad ___________ 3. easy ___________
- happy_________ 5. loud ___________ 6. slow____________
- deep __________ 8.careful__________ 9. sad____________
- quiet_________ 11. angry_________ 12. real___________
- correct________ 14. honest________ 15. clear__________
- quick__________ 17. lucky_________ 18. heavy_________
二．根据中文意思，连词成句，注意副词的位置和顺序。
- 莉莉每天7点起床。（at,every day,Lily,gets up,seven o’clock)
_____________________________________________________________
- 刚才他飞快地跑上楼去。（he,ran,just now,fast,upstairs)
_______________________________________________________________
- 我妹妹每天早上都会在花园里愉快地唱歌。
（sings,in the garden,my sister,every morning,happily)
_______________________________________________________________
- 这个女孩来自美国华盛顿。（the,Washington,comes from,USA,girl)
_______________________________________________________________
- 他上周日在公园玩得很开心。（last Sunday,played,He,in the park,happily)
_______________________________________________________________
三．用所给词的适当形式填空。
1, My job is to serve customers _______ ( good ).
2, The teacher should be listened to _______ ( care ).
3, S.H.E. sing so _______ ( beautiful ) that many people like them.
4 , Look! She is running _______ ( fast ) and _______ (fast).
5, We have to stay at home. It is raining _______ (heavy ) outside.
6, He does not play basketball as _______ (good ) as his brother.
四．选择填空。
- --How was the weather yesterday?
--It was terrible. It snowed _______. He could ______ come back in time.
A. hard , hard B. heavy, hardly C. heavily, hardly D. hard, heavily
- --Do you wash clothes by hands?
--_________. I usually use washing machine.
A. Much B. Often C. Seldom D. Little
- Jane is a _______ dancer and she dances ______________.
A. good, well B. well, well C. good, good D. well, good
4. ______you take ，_______healthy you’ll be.
A.More exercise, more B.Most exercise, most
C.The more exercise, the more D.The most exercise, the most
- My mother had to work last night, so she went to bed ________ me.
A. as earlier as B. as early as C. earlier than D. later than
6. _____ I read, ___ ___I’ll be.
A.The much; the happy B.More; happier
C.The more; the happier D.The most; the happiest
7. Both Andy and I drive slowly. Tom drives fast. So Tom drives _____ of all.
A. slower B. the slowest C. faster D. the fastest
8. Would you please say it _______? I still can’t follow you.
A.loudly B.slowly C.more loudly D.more slowly
