人教版（pep)小升初英语语法专题复习讲义 7.介词连词
展开介词连词
一．介词的定义
介词是一种虚词，是英语中最活跃的词类之一。特别是一些常用介词的搭配用来表示种种不同的意思。英语里大部分用语都是由介词和其他词构成的，因此掌握好介词是学好英语的关键之一。
二．各个介词的用法
in, on, at的用法
in, on, at 这三个介词用法非常广泛，既可表示地点，又可表示时间。
| 表示地点 | 表示时间 |
in +大地点/国家/年份/月份/季节 | 表示在…之内 in the room; in a village; in China; in the tree; in the sky; in Hongkong | 表示在一段时间内 in an hour(month; year); in spring(winter; autumn);in February; in the morning; |
in 的固定 搭配 | in English（用英语）; in time（及时）; in class（在课堂上）; in hospital（住院）; in trouble; （遇见麻烦）；in a hurry（匆忙地）; in fact（实际上）; in front of（在...前面） | |
on +星期/年月日（有日on,无日in)/具体某一天的早，中，晚 | 表示在....之上
on the desk on the wall | 表示在某日
on Saturday on Apr. 11th |
on的固定搭配 | on time（准时）; on one’s way to（在去...的路上）; on TV（在电视山）; on the left（在左边）; on show（展览）; on line（在线的）; spend..on..（在..方面花费...); depend on… (取决于/依靠于....) | |
at | 表示地点：在……(小的地点) at railway station; at 403 Daxue Road. 表示时间：在…(时刻) 在…岁时 at 7 o’clock; at the weekend; 表示价格、速度：以… He bought it at the price of 200yuan. He drove at the seventy kilometers an hour. 表示动作方向：朝，向 look at; shout at; throw at 在（某方面）She is good at English. He is clever at drawing. at first（首先/起初）; at last（最后/最终）; at once（立刻/马上）; at school（在学校）; look at（看着）; arrive at（到达）; knock at（敲..); at the same time(同时）; shout at（对...大喊）; at the end of(在...末端）; at home（在家）; at present（目前) | |
about
| 关于；有关 The book is about food; Don’t worry about it. 大约 与around近义 about ten o’clock. | |
above | 位置、职位、年龄、数量等：在…上面 （above可超出垂直面积; over不超出垂直面积） above the woods; above sea level. above all. 以上皆可 | |
across | 表示动作方向、位置：穿过，横过 （区别through） across the bridge/ street 表示地点：在…对面：across the road 在马路对面 | |
after | 表示时间、顺序：在…之后 after school/ lunch 固定短语：look after; run after after all到底，终究； one…after another一个接一个; day after day日复一日 | |
against | 表示位置：倚着，靠着 The ladder was against the wall. 反对 fight against | |
along | 沿着：along the river/street | |
among | 在…中间；在…之中（三者或三者以上） | |
around | 表示位置：在…周围，环绕 The earth moves around the sun. 在…范围内：Let me show you around our school 表示数目：大约=about | |
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before | 表示时间：在..以前 表示位置：在…前面（较抽象）before difficulties | |
behind | 表示位置：在…后面 | |
beside | 在….旁边 besides 除…之外 | |
between | 在两者之间 | |
by | 表示地点：在…旁边 The house is by the river. The river is passing by the house. 表示方式、手段、用、靠：by bike/bus; by hand/machine 表示时间：到…时候为止。by the end of. 短语：day by day一天天地；one by one 一个个的； by the way顺便说一句 by chance 偶然 | |
down | 表示动作方向：沿着…往下He runs down the hill | |
during | 在…期间 | |
except | 除…以外 | |
for | 表示目的、对象：为… The flower is for you. Smoking is bad for your health. 表示一段时间或距离：达到 for a long time 表示方向、目标：向；去 the train for Beijing 表示原因：因为 Thank you for helping me. 当作；作为What do you want for your birthday? 短语 for example; for ever; for sale; look for; for a while暂时; for free; wait for | |
from | 表示来源、起点：自；从 borrow from; learn from; from 1 to 10. 表示距离、间隔：离开 Far from eye, far from heart. 眼不见，心不烦。 表示原材料：用…制成 be made from 短语: from beginning to end; from now on; stop … from doing sth. | |
into | 表示时间或动作的方向:到….里; 进入…. 表示变化或进入某种状态: change into, translate into; break into | |
like | 像…一样 do like that; look like 常和what 连用, 是什么样子; 怎样 What the weather like? | |
near | 表示时间或空间: 靠近,接近,在附近. | |
of | 表示所属关系:…的, 属于… 的. 短语 of course; first of all; a kind of; instead of; plenty of; think of; be tired of; be afraid of; be proud of | |
off | 自…离开，脱离. jump off; fall off; keep off the grass勿踏草坪 knock off 下班 | |
since | 从某时间起, ….以来. | |
till/ until | 直到…为止 | |
over | 表示地点, 地位,职位: 在上面,高于. (有跨越的意思,不接触表面) 表示数目,程度:在…以上,超过. He is over fifty 短语all over the world; be over; over again; over there | |
through | 表示空间:穿过，通过 表示时间:从头到尾,从开始到结束 sometimes he works through the nitht. 表示方式, 手段，原因等 He learnt Englsh through TV. | |
to | 表示方向,距离: 到 go to school 短语 to one’s surprise(令某人惊讶的是）; listen to（听...); look forward to(期盼/期望）; pay attention to（注意/关注...); get to(到达） | |
under | 表示位置: 在…下, 在…正下方 表示级别，数量，标准，年龄，价格等:低于;少于 She must be under 12. | |
with | 表示共同关系: 和…一起; 同… be with somebody. 表示工具，手段等: 被；用. We listen with our ears. 短语 catch up with赶上；go on with继续干下午; help … with帮助; be angry with对…人生气 | |
without | 不; 没有 | |
三．连词的定义
连词是虚词,不能单独充当句子成分. 只能起连接词与词, 短语与短语或句子与句子的作用. 它分为并列连词和从属连词.
1. 并列连词是连接平行的词, 短语或句子的.常见的并列连词有: and; both…and…; but; either…or…, for, neither…nor…; nor, not only…but also; or; so; still; yet等.
2, 从属连词是用来引导主从复合句中的从句的. 常用的从属连词有:after; as..as..; as; as soon as; because; before; if; since; so that; than; though; till; when; whether; while等
四．常用连词的用法
1, and 和both… and… 两者都(谓语动词用are或动词原形）
Both she and I are interested in ice cream. 她和我都喜欢吃冰淇淋。
2, but 但是；然而(表示转折关系)
3, either…or… 或者…或者…; 不是…就是… (表示选择关系)
neither...nor… 既不…也不… (表示并列否定关系, 谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致)
Neither she nor I am interested in Talk Shows.
她和我都不喜欢脱口秀节目。
not only…but also… 不但…而且… (表示并列肯定关系, 谓语动词与第二个主语保持一致)
Not only Jane but also her parents like cooking .
不仅是简，她的父母也喜欢烹饪。
小升初专项练习—介词连词
一．用适当的介词填空
1, He wants to know everything _______ his school.
2, He usually goes out for a walk _______ supper.
3, We have lunch _______ half past twelve.
4, Please look _______ the blackboard.
5, His family had a hard life _______ liberation. But _______ liberation they began to live a happy life.
6, Children like to hear stories _______ animals.
7, They finished the work _______ ten o’clock..
8, When do you get up _______ the morning?
9, Will you go _______ bus or _______foot?
10, The story took place _______ the Second World War.
11, We have learned a lot _______ you.
12, The cup was broken _______ her.
13, --Where are you _______?
--I’m _______ Guilin.
14, We are working _______ the people.
15, It is time _______ supper.
16, Class begins _______ eight.
17, We come _______ different parts of China.
18, She lives _______her mother.
19, He usually gets up _______ half past six _______the morning.
20, They stayed here _______ six months.
21, They are leaving _______ Wuhan tomorrow.
22, Great changes have taken place _______ 1986.
23, They usually have League meetings _______ Saturday.
24, Beijing is the capital _______ China.
25, The woman is _______ the right _______the policeman.
二，单项选择
1. Why were your parents angry _______you yesterday evening?
A .to B.on C.for D.with
2. In England, people usually call me Tom_______short.
A .for B.to C.on D.at
3.--Where are you from?
--I’m from the USA,what_______you?
A.for. B.about. C.in D.on
4.Who sits _______the middle _______the classroom?
A.at,of B.in ,of. C.on, in D.at,for
5.We usually go to school _______Monday_______Friday.
A.to ,from. B .from,on C.from,to D.on,to
6.He usually has an egg and a bottle of milk_______breakfast.
A.to B .on C.for D. of
7.Please turn _______all the lights in the room,
A.down B.on C. for. D. in
8.It was raining ,but the farmers still went _______working in the fields.
A.for B.on C. with D.from
9.Please take your dirty clothes away _______here.
A.from B. off. C. of D. at.
10.---May I speak _______Becky ,please?
---Hold on _______a moment ,please.
A.to,for B. for ,to C. to,of D.to ,at
- They teach us English _______we teach them Chinese,we help each other.
A. but B.and .C. or. D. as.
12.It was late.She took off her clothes _______went to bed.
A,or B. so C. and D. but.
13.The students should know _______what _______why.
A.so, as B. both,and. C.either, or D. neither, nor.
14.The ground must be just right,_______too wet_______ too dry.
A.ether,or B.both,and C.between,and D.neither,nor
15.Would you like rice_______noodles?
A.or B.but C.because D.so
16.You must eat less food and take more exercise,_______you’ll be very fat.
A.but B.and C.so D.or
17.If you don’t hurry up ,_______you’ll be late for the meeting.
A./ B.or C.so D.but
18.Paul comes from Canada,_______he can speak very good Chinese.
A.if B.so C,but D.because
19. _______ your help, we couldn’t finish the work on time.
A. Under B. With C. Without D. Except
20. I was born _______ August, 1988.
A. at B. on C. in D. to
