2021版高考英语（人教版）一轮复习学案：必修51Unit1　Greatscientists


一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．characteristic n. 特征；特性
2．radium n. 镭
3．analyse vt. 分析
4．physician n. 医生；内科医师
5．outbreak n. 爆发；发作(尤指疾病或战争)
6．victim n. 受害者
7．enquiry n. 询问
8．neighbourhood n. 附近；邻近
9．pump n. 泵；抽水机
vt. (用泵)抽(水)
10．firework n. 烟火(燃放)
11．chart n. 图表
12．enthusiastic adj. 热情的；热心的
13．spin vi.& vt. (使)旋转；纺(线或纱)
14．infect vt. 感染；传染
15．deadly adj. 致命的
16．clue n. 线索；提示
17．germ n. 微生物；细菌
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．defeat vt. 打败；战胜；使受挫
n．　 失败
2．expert adj. 熟练的；经验或知识丰富的
n．　 专家；行家
3．attend vt. 照顾；护理；出席；参加
4．expose vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光
5．cure n. 治愈；痊愈
vt. 治愈；治疗
6．absorb vt. 吸收；吸引；使专心
7．suspect vt.　 认为；怀疑
n．　 被怀疑者；嫌疑犯
8．foresee vt.　 预见；预知
9．blame vt.　 责备；谴责
n．　 过失；责备
10．handle n．　 柄；把手
vt.　 处理；操纵
11．link vt.& n．　 连接；联系
12．positive adj.　 积极的；肯定的；确实的
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．challenge n．挑战 v．向……挑战→challenging adj.挑战性的
2．cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的→caution n．小心；警告
3．pollute vt.污染；弄脏→pollution n．污染
4．instruct vt.命令；指示；教导→instruction n．说明；传授→instructions pl.用法说明；指示；命令
5．conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出→conclusion n．结论；结束
6．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿→contribution n．贡献
7．reject vt.拒绝；抛弃→rejection n．拒绝；抛弃
8．science n．科学→scientific adj.科学的→scientist n．科学家　
9．announce vt.宣布；通告→announcement n．通知；宣告→announcer n．播音员；宣告者
10．certain adj.确实的；肯定的→certainly adv.确定；肯定→certainty n．确信；确实
11．construct vt.建设；修建→construction n．建设；建筑物
12．responsible adj.有责任的；负责的→responsibility n．责任；负责
13．paint vt.绘画；涂→painter n．画家；油漆匠→painting n．油画；水彩画
14．universe n．宇宙；世界→universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的→universally adv.普遍地
15．move v．移动；运动→movement n．移动；运动；动作

1.后缀­sion构成的抽象名词集锦
①conclusion　　　 结论；结束
②confusion　 混乱
③expression　 词语；表达方式
④revision　 修正；复习
⑤permission　 允许
⑥profession　 职业；专业
2.“观点；态度”的高频形容词
①positive　　　　　　 积极的
②negative　 消极的
③subjective　　　　　 主观的
④objective　 客观的
⑤doubtful　 怀疑的
⑥critical　 批评的
3.名词用作动词的高频词汇聚焦
①handle 　　n． 把手→vt.处理
②nurse n． 护士→vt.护理
③face n． 脸→vt.面对
④bridge n． 桥→vt.沟通
⑤drink n． 饮料→vt.喝；饮
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．put__forward 提出
2．draw__a__conclusion 得出结论
3．expose...to 使显露；暴露
4．be__determined__to__do__sth. 决定做某事
5．make__sense 讲得通；有意义
6．(be)__strict__with... 对……严格的
7．be__to__blame 应受谴责/责备
8．look__into 调查
9．lead__to 导致；通向
10．slow__down 慢下来
11．apart__from 除……之外；此外
12．link...to... 将……和……联系起来

1.“动词＋...＋to”短语荟萃
①expose...to　　　　　　　 使显露；暴露
②add...to　 增添；增加
③compare...to　 把……比作
④devote...to　 把……专用于
⑤supply...to　 提供……给
2.由link...to...联想到的
①connect...with...　　　　　 把……和……连接起来
②tie...to...　 把……拴到……
③mix...with...　 把……和……混合起来
④combine...with...　 把……和……结合起来
⑤attach...to...　 把……系到/缚到……
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：neither ...nor ...既不……也不……
Neither__its__cause__nor__its__cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
句型2：every time引导时间状语从句
So many thousands of terrified people died every__time__there__was__an__outbreak.
所以每次暴发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人死去。
句型3：“only＋状语(从句)”位于句首，主句部分倒装
Only__if__you__put__the__sun__there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.　只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能讲得通。
句型4：with复合结构
He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with__the__planets__going__round it and only the moon still going round the earth.　他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，行星都绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．I attended(参加) Mary’s wedding last Saturday, where I ran into one of my university classmates.
2．(2018·天津卷书面表达)For another, with the economic and scientific(科学的) development in China, you can find more job chances to promote your professional development.
3．As nobody here knows what is wrong with the machine, we must send for an engineer to handle(处理) the problem.
4．If you have a(n) positive(积极的) attitude towards your work, you will feel happy.
5．(2019·浙江卷6月)Experts(专家) say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.
6．He said he was enthusiastic(热情的) about Chinese and asked me to find him some books specially intended for Chinese beginners.
7．When he came back three hours later, they were still sitting on the sofa, absorbed(absorb) in conversation.
8．What a shame! Such a beautiful place was so seriously polluted(pollute)．
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·江苏卷阅读A)There are plenty of opportunities for the creative person to become involved, including workshops and events.有创造力的；创造性的
2．(2019·北京卷阅读C)Taking advantage of the new technologies, scammers(欺诈者) can aim at victims precisely.受害者
3．(2018·天津卷)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.宇宙
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It was concluded that he didn’t tell us the truth. I also came to the conclusion that he lied.(conclude)
2．I want to be a scientist to discover a scientific breakthrough to save people’s lives.(science)
3．We’ll be responsible for your safety and you need to take responsibility for your actions.(responsible)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
be strict with; make great contributions to; apart from; put forward; be enthusiastic about; make sense; draw a conclusion
Dear Nicolaus Copernicus，
As an astronomer, I 1.am__enthusiastic__about your new theory about the solar system 2.put__forward last month. The present theory doesn’t 3.make__sense,__for we cannot 4.draw__a__conclusion that the earth is the centre of the universe.So I sincerely hope you can publish your new theory. As my favourite scientist, you have 5.made__great__contributions__to the world and 6.are__strict__with yourself. 7.Apart__from that, you neither worry about nor care about your social status or salaries.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．昆明是个美丽的地方，一年四季既不冷也不热。
Kunming is a beautiful city, where it’s neither__too__hot__nor__too__cold all over the year.
2．(2017·天津卷书面表达)我真的希望你每次来中国都能来天津。
I do hope that you can pay a visit to Tianjin every__time__you__come__to__China．
3．只有当你能够找到内心的安宁的时候，你才会与他人保持良好的关系。
Only when you can find peace in your heart will__you__keep__good__relationships with others.
4．这位科学家正在讲如何做那个实验，有很多学生围着他。
The scientist is explaining how to do the experiment, with__many__students__surrounding__him．

conclude　vt.& vi. 推断出；结束；达成；缔结
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He concluded his speech with a famous saying “Where there is a will, there is a way.”
②He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan.
③(2019·全国卷Ⅰ) When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion(conclude), Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
[能力提升]——一句多译
我从我自己的经历中得出结论：“没有付出就没有收获。”
④I have__concluded__from__my__own__experiences__that “No pains, no gains.”
⑤I have__drawn__a__conclusion__from__my__own__experiences__that “No pains, no gains.”

(1)conclude ... 以……结束
conclude from 从……中得出结论
(2)arrive at/come to/draw/reach a conclusion
得出结论
in conclusion 最后；总之
[佳句背诵] In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable and readily available form of exercise.
总而言之，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣且易实施的锻炼方式。
attend　 vt.出席；参加；照顾；护理　vi.专心；留意
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)On the last day of our week­long stay, we were invited to__attend(attend) a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars, listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
②(2019·北京卷)Students should have a proper attitude towards college before thinking about which college to__attend(attend)．
③I can’t go out with you tonight because I have an urgent thing to attend to．
[能力提升]——微写作
④(2019·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)我非常荣幸地邀请您参加6月5日下午2：00在我们学校礼堂举行的音乐节。
I’m__greatly__honored__to__invite__you__to__attend__a__music__festival__to__be__held in our school hall on June 5 at 2：00 pm.

(1)attend school/a meeting/a lecture/a wedding
　　　 上学/参加会议/听讲座/参加婚礼
(2)attend (on/upon) sb.
　　　　　 伺候某人；照顾某人
attend to 处理；倾听；专心于；照顾
[佳句背诵] Knowing that you show great interest in Chinese culture，I’d like to invite you to attend the exhibition with me.
知道您对中国文化感兴趣，我想邀请您与我一起参加展览。(2017·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
[联想发散] “照顾某人”用法：
①attend__on/upon__sb.；②look__after__sb.；③take__care__of__sb.；④watch__over__sb.．
expose　vt. 暴露；揭露；使曝光；使面临
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·天津卷书面表达)For one thing, when you come to China, you can be__exposed(expose) to the Chinese language and the Chinese culture.
②Being__exposed(expose) to strong sunlight will do harm to your skin.
[能力提升]——句式升级
③(普通表达)Children are exposed to difficult situations.They are better at handling challenging situations.
(高级表达)Exposed__to__difficult__situations，children are better at handling challenging situations.(分词作状语)

(1)expose...to...　　　　 暴露……给……；
使……接触……
expose oneself to... 使自己暴露于……
(2)be exposed to　　　 遭受到；(使)接触到
[佳句背诵] In order to expose international students to our tea culture，we took them to the tea room in our school.　为了让外国学生体验中国茶文化，我们把他们带到我们学校的品茶室。(2018·北京卷书面表达)
absorb　vt.吸收；吸引；使专心；吞并；理解；掌握
[一词多义]——写出下列句中absorb的含义
①Many of these farmers have been absorbed into the urban workforce over recent years.吞并
②After absorbing enough water，the plants grow well.吸收
③I keep the lesson simple because the students can’t absorb that much.理解
④(北京卷)However, when something did interest me, I could become absorbed.使专心
[能力提升]——一句多译
汤姆工作很投入，因此他忘记告知我会议的时间了。(absorb)
⑤Tom was__absorbed__in__his__work,__so he forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting.
⑥Absorbing__himself__in__his__work,__Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting. (现在分词作状语)
⑦Absorbed__in__his__work,__Tom forgot to inform me of the time of the meeting. (过去分词作状语)

(1)absorb one’s attention　　 吸引某人的注意
absorb...into... 把……吸收进……
(2)absorbed adj. 全神贯注的
(be) absorbed in... 全神贯注于……
[佳句背诵] A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he absorbed himself in his reading.　一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来，他专心致志于读书中。
[名师点津] 常用过去分词作状语的短语：
①be lost in...　　　 陷入……；专心致志于……
②be caught in... 被困在……
③be buried in... 埋头于……
④be devoted to... 致力于……；专心于……
⑤be occupied in... 忙于……
⑥be involved in... 专注于……
blame　vt.责备；谴责；把……归咎于　n．过失；责备
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·江苏卷书面表达)It’s unwise for us to blame the increase of ratings on high consumption.
②It was the professor rather than his assistant that was to__blame(blame) for what had happened in the lab.
③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning, and put the blame on the alarm clock.
[能力提升]——一句多译
因为被指责要为学校电脑网络的崩溃负责，艾丽斯的情绪很低落。
④Alice was in low spirits because__she__was__blamed__for the breakdown of the school computer network. (状语从句)
⑤Blamed__for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (分词作状语)

(1)blame sb.for sth.　　 因某事而责备某人
blame sth.on sb. 把某事怪到某人头上
be to blame 应受责备；应负责任
(2)bear/take the blame for...　 对……负责
put the blame for sth.on sb.
把某事归咎于某人
[佳句背诵] Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.
我们应该多交流、换位思考而不是相互责怪。
[名师点津] be to blame短语中blame不能用被动形式，该短语为主动形式表示被动含义。
contribute　vi.& vt.捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿
[一词多义]——写出下列句中contribute to的含义
①If you want to contribute to our newspaper，please send me your article before the deadline. 投稿
②(2018·江苏卷)No doubt the theater has contributed to the area’s development and economic growth.促进，有助于
③Eating too much fat contributes to heart disease and causes high blood pressure. 导致
[能力提升]——微写作
④(2018·北京卷书面表达)总之，我为自己对传播中国文化做出的巨大贡献感到自豪。
In conclusion, I was proud of making__great____contributions__to__spreading__Chinese__culture．

(1)contribute...to...　 把……贡献给……
contribute to... 导致……；向……投稿；有助于……
(2)contribution n. 贡献；捐款；稿件
make contributions/a contribution to...
对……做出贡献
[佳句背诵] Doing small things well contributes to building up our confidence and helping us meet bigger challenges in the future.
把小事做好有助于增强我们的自信心并帮助我们迎接未来更大的挑战。
put forward　提出(建议)；推荐；将……提前；将(钟表等)向前拨
[基础练习]——用put的相关短语填空
①They have put__forward the date of their wedding by one week.
②I think he is fit for the position; therefore, I’ll put__forward Li Hua as a candidate.
③I can put__up__with the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
④First he opened a shop and then he put__up a sign outside the shop to attract customers.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他在会上提出了一个解决难题的好主意。
⑤He came__up__with__a__good__idea__to__solve the difficult problem at the meeting.
⑥He put__forward__a__good__idea__to__solve the difficult problem at the meeting.

put aside　　　　　 节省；储蓄；储存
put away 放好；积蓄
put off 延期；推迟
put out 熄灭；生产
put up 举起；张贴；公布；挂起；建造
put up with 忍受；容忍
put down 写出；记下
[佳句背诵] Before we carried out the plan, various ideas had been put forward by my classmates.
在我们实施这项计划之前，同学们提出了不同的想法。(2017·北京卷书面表达)
[联想发散] “想出，提出”短语：
①put__forward；②come__up__with；③bring__up．
make sense　有意义；有道理；讲得通
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn’t make sense to__buy(buy) the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars.
②In no sense should you lose heart；keep trying and you will make it sooner or later.
[能力提升]——词汇升级
③(普通表达)There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all.
(高级表达)There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make__sense__of them at all.

(1)make sense of　 理解；明白
make no sense 没道理；没意义
(2)There is no sense in doing sth.
做某事没道理。
in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说
in no sense 决不　
[佳句背诵] She doesn’t talk much, but what she says makes sense.
她讲话不多，但言之有理。

neither...nor...既不……也不……
(教材P2)Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解它的治疗方法。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Last year, neither the experts nor the physician was(be) enthusiastic about the cure for the severe disease.
②Not you but the scientist is(be) to attend the ceremony to be held in our school.
③Either you or one of your students is(be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
[能力提升]——句式升级
④(普通表达)The teacher is not content with the result. The students are not content with the result.
(高级表达)Neither__the__teacher__nor__the__students__are__content__with__the__result.

(1)neither...nor...既不……也不……，连接句中两个相同的句子成分。连接主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则。
(2)遵循“就近原则”的其他并列连词：
either...or...　　　　 不是……就是……
not only...but also...　 不仅……而且……
not...but...　　　　　 不是……而是……　
[佳句背诵] To be honest, I neither knew nor cared what had happened to him.
说实话，我既不知道也不在乎他出了什么事。
every time引导时间状语从句
(教材P2)So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
所以每次暴发霍乱时，都有成千上万惊恐的人死去。
[基础练习]——完成句子
①Every__time__I__see__this__picture(每次我看到这张照片时)，I look forward to the next Spring Festival very much!
②Be careful! The machine starts the__moment/immediately__you__press__the__button(你一按按钮)．
③He looked a bit nervous the__first__time__I__interviewed__him(第一次我采访他时)．
[能力提升]——一句多译
他第一次上这位年轻老师的课时就对他的课产生了兴趣。
④He became interested in the young teacher’s lesson the__first__time he attended his class.
⑤He became interested in the young teacher’s lesson when he attended his class for__the__first__time．

(1)名词词组作连词，引导时间状语从句：
each time　　　　　 每当……的时候
the＋序数词＋time 第……次
the＋瞬间名词(moment/minute/instant)
next time 下次
(2)有些副词引导状语从句时，如directly, instantly, immediately, constantly，意为“一……就……”。　
[佳句背诵] I think of the happy hours we spent together every time I see these photos.　每次看到这些照片，我会想起我们一起度过的美好时光。
[名师点津] (1)the first time表示“第一次……时”，用作连词，引导时间状语从句；
(2)for the first time表示“第一次”，独立作状语，不引导从句。

Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2019·天津卷书面表达)So it would be better if you could tell us something about their painting(paint) styles and skills.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging(challenge), or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)He said the lucky woman will be__announced(announce) on the website and the trip will be shared online.
4．Children, when exposed(expose) to an English­speaking atmosphere, will pick up the language much more easily.
5．Always read the instructions(instruct) on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.
6．To make students creative(create), teachers should encourage them to make full use of their imagination.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．Good family rules help build people’s character, which contribute a lot to a harmonious society.
2．We must be strict with our students while we should give them love and care as well.
3．Apart from the English class, I took an active part in English Corner and other after­class English activities.
4．Although this medicine can cure you of your illness, it has a side effect on your heart.
5．Marie Curie made great contributions(contribute) to the development of science，but money and reputation made no sense to her.
Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．To solve the problem of water pollution, I’d like you to look at a study conducting in Australia in 2012.conducting→conducted
2．John Snow said it was the polluting water that caused the terrible disease.polluting→polluted
3．They claim to have discovered a cure of the disease.of→for
4．He was struck by the beauty for the first time he visited Guilin.去掉for
5．Be careful when you deal with this chemical, as it will explode when exposing to sunlight.exposing→exposed
Ⅳ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．(全国卷Ⅲ阅读C)At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions. adj.专业的
2．(江苏卷阅读D)She suffered a lot of defeats at the previous track meets.n.失败
3．(江苏卷任务型阅读)Walking upright challenges the human bone structure，and limits the size of brains.vt.向……挑战

提能一　语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
Black was 1.severely(severe) ill because of 2.being__exposed(expose) to a deadly virus.After all the attempts to cure him 3.of his disease, the experts announced that the virus 4.was__defeated(defeat) but he needed 5.to__be__attended(attend) to for a week before he fully recovered.It was said that mosquitoes carrying the virus were 6.to__blame(blame)．
(二)
Li Ping’s English teacher is very strict 1.with her and he often encourages her to read some English articles every day, neither too long 2.nor too short.And in this way, Li Ping 3.has__absorbed(absorb) a lot from reading.Every time Li Ping attends the English speech contest, he always 4.instructs(instruction) her patiently.With the help of her teacher, Li Ping has made rapid progress.When faced with difficulties and 5.challenges(challenge), she never gives up.
提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是某国际学校的学生李华，请你代表同学们给美籍校长Mr. Brown写一封信，劝说他修建校内游泳池。要点如下：①游泳运动的必要性；②场地：可用操场旁边的空地；③经费：学生们愿设法募款。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①我们提出的建议是学校在操场旁边的空地建游泳池。(分词作宾补)
The__advice__we__put__forward is that the school should have__a__swimming__pool__constructed at the empty place beside the playground.
②我们从调查中推断出95%的学生支持这个建议。
We conclude__from__the__survey__that 95 percent of our students support the advice.
③游泳是一种很好的促进健康和体质的锻炼形式。
Swimming is a good form of exercise that contributes__to__our__health__and__strength．
④除此以外，每次一些学生在游泳池游泳，就会给其他人在操场上留出更多空间。
Apart__from that, every__time some students swim in the pool, it makes__more__room__for__others in the playground areas.
⑤我们会为修建游泳池竭尽全力募款。
We would try our best to collect money to help pay for the__construction__of__the__swimming__pool．
⑥因为游泳池有利于大部分学生，所以修建游泳池是有意义的。
It__makes__sense__to__build__a__swimming__pool as it will benefit most students.
2．升级平淡句
⑦用分词作定语升级句③
Swimming__is__a__good__form__of__exercise__contributing__to__our__health__and__strength.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：to begin with, finally, in conclusion)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Mr.Brown，
On behalf of the students in our school, I’d like to present our advice. The advice we put forward is that the school should have a swimming pool constructed at the empty place beside the playground. We conclude from the survey that 95 percent of our students support the advice.
To begin with, swimming is a good form of exercise contributing to our health and strength. Apart from that, every time some students swim in the pool, it makes more room for others in the playground areas. Finally, we would try our best to collect money to help pay for the construction of the swimming pool.
In conclusion, it makes sense to build a swimming pool as it will benefit most students.
Thank you for considering our request.
Yours，
Li Hua

(建议用时：40分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·哈尔滨一模)Chloe Kim was one of America’s top Olympians in the 2018 Pyeongchang Winter Olympics in South Korea. The snowboarding champion, who grew up in California, competed there at 17 years of age. She became the youngest woman ever to win an Olympic gold medal in the half­pipe competition.
She has recently won a half­pipe competition during the Winter X Games in Aspen, Colorado. But the 18­year­old snowboarder has decided to trade some trips down the half­pipe for an Ivy League education after the world championship competition in Utah. Beginning in the next fall, Kim will be joining Princeton University’s class. Instead of centering on the physics of her winning snowboard moves, she could now be learning the subject in school. In a recent interview, Kim said, “While I have a special identity and my life has always been so different, I still aim to make my higher education experience as normal as possible.” Kim added, “I’d love to be Chloe, the girl who sits next to me in the English class.”
Kim received widespread attention during the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics. Her publicity was fueled by her friendly, energetic nature as well as her interesting family story. Along her path to Olympic gold, Kim also became a social media star. She helped design a snowboarding Barbie doll in her likeness, rapped with hip­hop artist G­Eazy and joined other sports stars to be honored with ESPY Awards(年度卓越体育表现奖). While all of these are fun, Kim says she now looks forward to a new challenge—earning a degree from one of America’s top universities. She says she considers her acceptance to Princeton just as much of an honor as earning an Olympic gold medal.
She is still considering what her exact field of study will be at Princeton. But she says it will involve something science­related, possibly chemistry or biology. She is attempting to work out a plan that will permit her to keep training while going to classes. Kim says her sports and educational goals go hand in hand. “It’s all about progressing the sports and also pushing myself，” she said. “To see what I can do, and how far I can go.”
【解题导语】　本文介绍了美国的冬奥会冠军克洛伊·金在获得多次单板女子滑雪比赛冠军后，决定要像普通人一样投身于文化知识的学习中。
1．What can we learn according to the passage?
A．Kim’s personality and family background help raise her publicity.
B．Kim majors in physics in Princeton University to improve her snowboard moves.
C．Kim thinks being admitted to Princeton earns her more honors than being a sports star.
D．Kim decides to give up the world championship competition in Utah.
A　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Her publicity was fueled by her friendly, energetic nature as well as her interesting family story.”可知，克洛伊·金的友好、充满活力的性格以及她有趣的家庭故事为她赢得了大家的关注。故选A项。
2．What does Kim mean by saying “I’d love to be Chloe, the girl who sits next to me in the English class.”？
A．She tries to hide her identity as a snowboarding champion.
B．She desires to live a normal life in her study experience.
C．She determines to forget all about her earlier sports life.
D．She hopes the girl sitting by her is named Chloe as her.
B　解析：句意猜测题。根据第二段中的“While I have a special identity and my life has always been so different, I still aim to make my higher education experience as normal as possible.”可知，在克洛伊·金看来，虽然她的身份和人生与众不同，但是她仍然希望自己能像普通人一样接受高等教育。也就是说，她希望自己成为像旁边坐的女孩一样的普通学生。故选B项。
3．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A．Snowboarding Champion Regains Popularity with Sports Lovers　
B．Snowboarding Champion Challenges Other Fields Successfully
C．Snowboarding Champion Sets Sights on Education
D．Snowboarding Champion Cooperates with Princeton University
C　解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段介绍了克洛伊·金是奥运冠军以及她的成功经历；第二段中的“But the 18­year­old snowboarder has decided to trade some trips down the half­pipe for an Ivy League education...”指出她想将自己的比赛之旅换成在常青藤大学受教育的机会。因此，本文讲述了克洛伊·金在获得多次单板女子滑雪比赛冠军后，决定要像普通人一样投身于文化知识的学习中。故选C项。
4．From which is the passage probably taken?
A．A study brochure.
B．A short story collection.
C．A newspaper.
D．An autobiography.
C　解析：文章出处题。根据文章第一段的语言表达方式，以及后文对克洛伊·金的话的引用可知，这是一篇新闻报道。故选C项。
B
(2020·成都诊断)Japan recently lowered its voting age from 20 to 18.This decision was in part to help young people feel more engaged in politics.But it may also signal the change of social views regarding the beginning of adulthood.
Adulthood has traditionally been defined by a combination of age and the achievement of social milestones(里程碑)．Most countries have a legally defined age to determine when a person becomes an adult—the age of majority.In Australia, most states consider a person to be an adult in court at 18.The age of 18 is also consistent with other adult privileges, such as the right to purchase alcohol and to marry. However, 17­year­olds can serve in the army and get a driver’s licence.The law defines adulthood on the basis of age and it also recognizes the process of becoming an adult as involving himself gradually in social responsibility.This legal approach to adulthood is mirrored in other countries, where there are differences between the age of majority and social responsibility given to young people.
Socially, determinants of adulthood traditionally focus on a person taking increasing responsibility for their lives in various ways.Completing school，taking full­time employment, getting married and parenthood—these are all observable indicators to determine when a person is viewed as an adult.
Since the 1980s, however, people have achieved some of these observable milestones at later ages.Increased access to education has delayed young people leaving home and developing romantic relationships.Economic changes have also resulted in unstable employment markets and increases in costs of living, prompting many young people to remain at home and dependent on parents.
Due to these social changes, our expectations of young people and their level of social responsibility have also changed.The recognition of a new life stage—emerging(发展初期的) adulthood—has been recommended to account for the changes to social milestones that have traditionally represented adulthood.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了由于教育机会的增加、经济上的变化等社会变化，年轻人进入成年人生阶段的时间推迟了。
5．What can we learn about adulthood from the text?
A．People reach observable indicators much later.
B．Age alone is a reliable determinant of adulthood.
C．Participation in politics is a responsibility for adulthood.
D．Economic changes mainly shift people’s views on adulthood.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段前两句“Japan recently lowered its voting age from 20 to 18.This decision was in part to help young people feel more engaged in politics.”可知，日本最近将投票年龄从20岁降至18岁，这一决定在某种程度上是为了帮助年轻人更好地参与政治；又根据本段第三句中的“it may also signal the change of social views regarding the beginning of adulthood”可推知，参与政治是成年人的责任，故C项正确。
6．What right can people enjoy at the age of 17 in most states of Australia?
A．Voting.　　　　　　　　 B．Buying wines.
C．Getting married. D．Driving legally.
D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第五句“However, 17­year­olds can serve in the army and get a driver’s licence.”可知，在澳大利亚的大部分州，人们在17岁时可以服兵役和获得驾照，故D项正确。
7．What does the underlined word “prompting” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Encouraging. B．Advising.
C．Forbidding. D．Persuading.
A　解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段尾句“Economic changes have also resulted in unstable employment markets and increases in costs of living, prompting many young people to remain at home and dependent on parents.”可知，经济上的变化也导致了不稳定的就业市场和生活成本的增加，这促使许多年轻人留在家里并依赖父母；据此可推知，A项“促进，助长”与画线词意思相近，故A项正确。
8．What’s the main idea of the text?
A．Emerging adulthood reflects a new life stage.
B．Adulthood is defined differently in different places.
C．Social changes are challenging the idea of adulthood.
D．Adulthood is a combination of rights and responsibilities.
C　解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章尾段第一句“Due to these social changes, our expectations of young people and their level of social responsibility have also changed.”为全文的主题句；又结合全文内容可知，本文主要论述了由于社会的变化，年轻人进入成年人生阶段的时间发生了变化，而人们关于“成年”这一概念的看法也发生了变化，故C项正确。
【难句分析】　Economic changes have also resulted in unstable employment markets and increases in costs of living, prompting many young people to remain at home and dependent on parents.
分析：该句是一个简单句，句中的“prompting many young people to remain at home and dependent on parents”为现在分词短语作结果状语；result in意为“导致，造成”。
译文：经济上的变化也导致了不稳定的就业市场和生活成本的增加，这促使许多年轻人留在家里并依赖父母。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·武汉4月调研)It was New Year time. We were travelling in a van(小型货车) __1__ toys to the homeless. When we __2__ the spot, something caught my eye. Something or someone was moving in the rubbish. Soon I __3__ that it was the home of a poor family. There were two __4__， both about my age at the time, and a lady I supposed to be their mother. They sat there __5__．
As a little girl myself I was __6__ interested in the little girl. How __7__ our lives were. She lived for the day, __8__ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach. I on the other hand was well looked after and never had to worry about __9__. I had a good education and thus a __10__ future. I looked at the little girl. The only __11__ she had was the worn­out dress that she was wearing.
Seeing this little girl I made the decision to __12__ a doll that had belonged to me for a while. When the van came to a __13__， I stepped out, called the girl over and __14__ the doll in her hand. At first she looked at me with __15__ and wasn’t certain what to do, but then she smiled and I saw __16__ in her eyes. I went back into the vehicle and we started to __17__ off, and that’s when we realized the little girl was running __18__. We stopped again and opened the door. The girl had __19__ with us. She looked directly at me and said two __20__ words—Thank You.
【解题导语】　“我们”在新年期间，开车去为无家可归的人分发玩具：“我”远远地发现了一个小女孩，她靠在垃圾中寻找食物为生，于是“我”走过去，将刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给了她，然后就离开了；“我们”发现那位女孩在追我们，“我们”停下了车，她向“我”说了句“谢谢”。
1．A.showing B．recommending
C．distributing D．selling
C　解析：根据下文“我”送给小女孩玩具娃娃可知，“我们”在新年期间给无家可归的人分发玩具。故选C。A项意为“展示”；B项意为“推荐”；C项意为“分发”；D项意为“出售”。
2．A.left B．changed
C．chose D．approached
D　解析：根据下文中的“When the van came to a ______， I stepped out”可知，当“我们”接近目的地的时候，有东西引起了“我”的注意。故选D。
3．A.guaranteed B．realized
C．decided D．accepted
B　解析：根据空后的“it was the home of a poor family”并结合语境可知，“我”很快意识到那是一户贫困人家的家。故选B。A项意为“保证”；B项意为“意识到”；C项意为“决定”；D项意为“接受”。
4．A.boys B．children
C．drivers D．adults
B　解析：根据下文中的“As a little girl myself”可知，当时那里有两个和“我”的年龄差不多的孩子，还有一位女士，可能是他们的母亲。故选B。
5．A.happily B．angrily
C．hopefully D．helplessly
D　解析：根据下文中的“______ through the rubbish for something to fill her stomach”和“the worn­out dress”可知，他们无助地坐在垃圾旁边。故选D。
6．A.still B．less
C．especially D．probably
C　解析：根据语境可知，作为一个小女孩，“我”尤其对那个小女孩感兴趣。故选C。
7．A.similar B．different
C．difficult D．ordinary
B　解析：根据下文中的“She lived for the day...to fill her stomach”“I on the other hand was well looked after...a ______ future.”可知，我们的生活差别很大。故选B。
8．A.searching B．getting
C．running D．breaking
A　解析：根据上文中的“Something or someone was moving in the rubbish.”可推知，当时那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找东西以填饱自己的肚子。故选A。
9．A.food B．safety
C．health D．transport
A　解析：根据上文可知，那个小女孩在垃圾堆里寻找食物，而“我”却得到了很好的照顾，从来不用担心食物。故选A。
10．A.doubtful B．distant
C．promising D．foreseeable
C　解析：根据该空前的“I had a good education”可知，“我”接受了良好的教育，“我”也有一个有前途的未来。故选C。A项意为“怀疑的”；B项意为“遥远的”；C项意为“有前途的”；D项意为“可预知的”。
11．A.present B．decoration
C．requirement D．possession
D　解析：根据上文内容并结合语境可知，那个小女孩仅有的财产就是她身上穿的那件破旧的裙子。故选D。A项意为“礼物”；B项意为“装饰”；C项意为“要求”；D项意为“财产”。
12．A.give away B．give back
C．hand out D．hand in
A　解析：根据下文中的“I stepped out...the doll in her hand”可知，看到这个小女孩，“我”决定把刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给她。故选A。A项意为“赠送”；B项意为“归还”；C项意为“分发”；D项意为“提交”。
13．A.station B．stop
C．street D．signal
B　解析：根据上文可知，“我”决定把刚买不久的玩具娃娃送给那个小女孩，所以当车一停下来，“我”立刻下车，叫那个小女孩过来，然后将玩具娃娃放(placed)在她的手里。故选B。
14．A.tore B．placed
C．dropped D．threw
B　解析：参见上题解析。
15．A.anger B．pain
C．surprise D．disappointment
C　解析：根据空后的“and wasn’t certain what to do”和语境可知，那个小女孩刚开始惊讶地看着“我”。故选C。
16．A.hope B．loneliness
C．anxiety D．astonishment
A　解析：根据上文可知，那个小女孩一家绝望地坐在垃圾旁边，并结合语境可知，“我”将玩具娃娃放在她手里，她对“我”微笑，“我”从小女孩的眼中看到了希望。故选A。A项意为“希望”；B项意为“孤独”；C项意为“焦虑”；D项意为“震惊”。
17．A.walk B．get
C．lift D．drive
D　解析：根据下文中的“We stopped again”可知，“我”回到车上，“我们”开车离开，那时“我们”才意识到，那个小女孩正在后面追赶“我们”。故选D。
18．A.behind B．away
C．out D．in
A　解析：参见上题解析。
19．A.got along B．come along
C．caught up D．turned up
C　解析：根据上文的“We stopped again and opened the door.”可知，小女孩追上了我们。故选C。get along with“与……相处”；come along with“和……在一起”；catch up with“追上，赶上”。
20．A.final B．new
C．key D．simple
D　解析：根据语境可知，小女孩直接看着“我”，说了两个简单的词——Thank You。故选D。
Ⅲ.短文改错
(2020·安徽名校联考)To increase the aware of protecting the environment, last Saturday we, some volunteers, carried out environmental protection activity in the Civil Square.
In the morning, we have gathered at the school gate at 7：00. Then we walked to the square, when we were divided into several groups. Some collected the rubbishes on the square, some cleared the old posters off the walls, and another swept the ground. The duty of my group is to deliver environmental protection brochures and introduces the importance of environmental protection.
Time passed quickly. It was getting late after we knew it and the square looked more beautifully. Tiring as I was, I was very happy because we did do something to protect the environment.
答案：
To increase the of protecting the environment, last Saturday we, some volunteers, carried out environmental protection activity in the Civil Square.
In the morning, we gathered at the school gate at 7：00. Then we walked to the square, we were divided into several groups. Some collected the on the square, some cleared the old posters off the walls, and swept the ground. The duty of my group is to deliver environmental protection brochures and the importance of environmental protection.
Time passed quickly. It was getting late we knew it and the square looked more . as I was, I was very happy because we did do something to protect the environment.
①aware改为awareness。此处意为“为了增强保护环境的意识”，根据前面的the和后面的of可知，此处应用aware的名词形式，故将aware改为awareness。
②在environmental前加an。此处泛指“一次环境保护活动”，且后面的activity是单数，故在environmental前加an。
③删除have。这次活动的时间为上文提到的last Saturday，所以In the morning是指上周六的早上，是表示过去的时间状语，应用一般过去时，故删除have。
④when改为where。此处是定语从句，先行词为the square，从句中缺地点状语，故将when改为where。
⑤rubbishes改为rubbish。rubbish意为“垃圾”，是不可数名词，故将rubbishes改为rubbish。
⑥another改为others。根据语境可知，此处应表示“一些人捡广场上的垃圾，一些人清理墙上的旧海报，其他的人扫地”。another意为“另外一个”，不能表示剩下的全部，故将another改为others。
⑦introduces改为introduce。这句话中，系动词is之后是由and连接的两个并列的表语，即to deliver environmental protection brochures和(to) introduce the importance of environmental protection，故将introduces改为introduce。
⑧after改为before。根据语境可知，此处应表示“转眼之间，天就黑了”，before sb. know it是一种固定用法，表示“转眼之间，一下子”，故将after改为before。
⑨beautifully改为beautiful。此处looked为系动词，后面应加形容词作表语表示状态，故将beautifully改为beautiful。
⑩Tiring改为Tired。此处是as引导的让步状语从句。把表语形容词提到句首，后面句子用倒装，此处的形容词应该是修饰I的状态，故将Tiring改为Tired。注意句子开头首字母大写。