2021版高考英语（人教版）一轮复习学案：必修32Unit2　Healthyeating


一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．nut n．　　　　　　　　　　 坚果；果仁
2．muscle n. 肌肉；(食用)瘦肉
3．bean n. 豆；豆科植物
4．fibre n. 纤维；纤维制品
5．cucumber n. 黄瓜
6．vinegar n. 醋
7．pepper n. 胡椒粉；辣椒
8．mushroom n. 蘑菇
9．lemon n. 柠檬
10．barbecue vt.& n．　 烧烤；烤肉
11．mutton n. 羊肉
12．roast adj. 烤制的
vt.& vi. 烤；烘；烘烤
13．bacon n. 熏咸肉；腊肉
14．cola n. 可乐饮料
15．sugary adj. 含糖的；甜的
16．poisonous adj. 有毒的
17．obesity n．　　 过度肥胖
18．vitamin n. 维生素
19．protein n. 蛋白质
20．breast n. 胸部；乳房
21．garlic n. 大蒜
22．flavour n. (食物的)味道与气味；特性
23．raw adj. 生的；未加工的
24．carrot n. 胡萝卜
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．diet n．　　　　　　　　 日常饮食
vi. 节食
2．slim vi. 变细；减肥
adj. 苗条的；纤细的
3．lie n. 谎话；谎言
vi. 说谎
4．customer n. 顾客；消费者
5．consult vt. 咨询；请教；商量
6．sigh vi. 叹息；叹气
n. 叹息；叹息声
7．debt n. 债；债务
8．hostess n. 女主人；女主持人
9．discount n. 折扣
10．digest vi.& vt. 消化
n. 摘要；概要
11．sign n. 牌示；标记；符号
12．glare vi. 怒目而视；闪耀
n. 怒视；炫目的光
13．spy vi.& vt. 窥探；秘密监视
n. 间谍；侦探
14．fry vt.& vi. 油煎；油炸
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．balance n．天平；平衡vt.平衡；权衡→balanced adj.均衡的　
2．curious adj.好奇的→curiously adv.好奇地→curiosity n．好奇心　
3．weak adj.虚弱的→weakness n．缺点；虚弱；弱点
4．strong adj.强壮的；坚强的→strength n．强项；长处；力量→strengthen vt.加强；巩固
5．limit vt.限制；限定 n．界限；限度→limited adj.有限的→limitation n．范围；限制
6．benefit n．利益；好处vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益→beneficial adj.有益的
7．combine vt.& vi.(使)联合；(使)结合→combination n．结合；联合
8．cooperate v．合作；配合→cooperation n．合作；协作→cooperative adj.合作的
1.与“购物”相关的名词一览
①discount　　　　　　 折扣
②customer 顾客
③consumer 消费者
④supermarket 超市
⑤bargain 便宜货
2.以­ness为后缀的常见名词荟萃
①weakness　　　　 虚弱；弱点；缺点
②kindness 仁慈；好意
③carelessness 粗心大意
④awareness 意识
⑤sickness 疾病
3.“看”法大全
①glare vi.& n．　　 怒视
②stare vi.& n. 凝视
③glance vi.& n. 扫视
④witness vt.& n. 目击(者)
⑤observe vt.& vi. 观察
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．lose__weight　　　　　　　 体重减轻；减肥
2．get__away__with 受到从轻发落；(做坏事)不受惩罚
3．tell__a__lie 说谎
4．win...back 赢回；重新获得
5．earn__one’s__living 谋生
6．in__debt 欠债
7．spy__on 暗中监视；侦查
8．cut__down 削减；删节
9．before__long 不久以后
10．put__on__weight 增加体重
11．glare__at 怒目而视
12．balanced__diet 平衡膳食

1.in＋n.表示“处于……之中”
①in debt　　　　　 欠债
②in trouble 在困境中
③in danger 处于危险中
④in progress 正在进展中
⑤in surprise 吃惊
⑥in fashion 正在流行
2.“收入与支出”高频短语
①cut down expenses　 削减开支
②make ends meet 收支相抵
③earn/make money 挣钱
④bring in 挣得
3.v.＋ down 短语荟萃
①cut down　　 　 削减；删节
②bring down 降低
③slow down 慢下来
④break down 出故障；身体累垮
⑤turn down 拒绝；调低
⑥settle down 定居；平静下来
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义
“Nothing__could__be__better，” he thought.　他想：“没有比这些更好吃的了。”
句型2：as引导方式状语从句
Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as__he__always__did.
要是李昌不像往常那样到他的餐馆里来吃饭，那一定是发生什么严重的事了。
句型3：can’t/couldn’t have sb. doing sth.不允许某人做某事
He could__not__have__Yong__Hui__getting__away__with telling people lies!
他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉！
句型4：neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”，在句中连接两个并列的成分
According to my research, neither__your__restaurant__nor__mine offers a balanced diet.　根据我的研究，你我两家所提供的都不是平衡膳食。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses(缺点；弱点), your achievements, your desires, etc.
2．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers(顾客)will enjoy themselves in the historical environment which is created for them.
3．In order to be more charming and slimmer(苗条的), girls tend to go on a diet.
4．Many people experience difficulty in paying off their debts(债务)．
5．For the sake of your health, you’d better not eat food which is hard to digest(消化) before.
6．They stood there, glaring(怒目而视) at each other without a word.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅰ七选五) If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain. 肌肉
2．(2018·天津卷阅读C)Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time­consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways.(烹调用的)材料；原料
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein, iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein). 蛋白质
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Everyone knows the benefit of learning English and if you learn it well, it will be beneficial to your future career. It is reported that many graduates have benefited from having a good command of English.(benefit)
2．David has a strong body.He has the strength to do this hard work.We had better strengthen the relationship with him.(strength)
3．We can’t always combine work with pleasure, and the combination is hard to get.(combine)
4．The natural resources we have are limited. Therefore we have no reason to waste the precious resources without limit. (limit)
5．Children are always curious about everything they see and hear. They will ask all kinds of questions curiously．To meet their curiosity,__we’d better answer them patiently.(curiosity)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
get away with; spy on; in debt; win back; before long; turn up; keep one’s word; earn one’s living
John was addicted to gambling and he was heavily 1.in__debt. He had no other way to 2.earn__his__living so he cheated his friend of a large amount of money. Obviously, he intended to 3.win__back the money lost in gamble, but in vain. 4.Before__long,__the police searched for him everywhere. Someone was sent to 5.spy__on his house and family members. Once he 6.turned__up in his house, he would be arrested immediately. They wouldn’t have him 7.getting__away__with cheating and his friends would never forgive him for not having 8.kept__his__word．　
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．她真的给我留下了深刻的印象，因为我没有听过比这更美妙的声音了。
She really impressed me a lot for I __had__never__heard__a__more__beautiful__voice．
2．如果你像我建议的那样和朋友合作，你会成功的。
You will succeed if you cooperate with your friends as__I__suggest．
3．我不允许你用粗鲁的方式跟你的妈妈说话。你必须立刻向她道歉。
I can’t__have__you__speaking__to__your__mother in a rude manner. You must apologize to her immediately.
4．我们的学校位于美丽的天津市，在秋天它既不太热也不太冷。
Our school lies in Tianjin City, which is beautiful. In autumn, it is neither__too__hot__nor__too__cold．

balance　n．天平；平衡；余额　vt.平衡；权衡
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/猜测加黑词的含义
①Before making the final decision, you’d better balance the advantages against the disadvantages.
②Having a balanced(balance) diet is of great importance, especially for teens who are growing up.
③I must check my bank balance before I decide to buy the car.账户余额
[能力提升]——完成句子
④你太努力工作了，你最好在工作和休息之间保持平衡。
You are working too hard.You’d better keep__a__balance__between__work__and__relaxation．

(1)keep one’s balance　　　　 保持平衡
lose one’s balance 失去平衡
on balance 总的来说
(2)balance A against B 权衡/比较A和B
(3)balanced adj. 平衡的
keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食　
[佳句背诵] It is very important to keep a balance between study and a social life, so you’d better join the team.　学习与社会生活之间保持平衡很重要，因此你最好参加这个队。(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
lie　n．谎话；谎言　vi.说谎；躺；位于
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①He didn’t finish his homework last night so he told lies(lie)．
②You could see from his expression that he was lying(lie) to us.
③The survivors lay(lie) on the beach, exhausted and shocked.
④The moment the bell rang, he laid(lay) the book and rushed out of the classroom.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤毫无疑问，这个候选人的优势在于他用英语和外国人交流的能力。
There__is__no__doubt__that this candidate’s advantage lies__in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.

(1)tell a lie/lies　　　　 撒谎
a white lie 一个善意的谎言
(2)lie to sb. 向某人撒谎
lie in 在于……
lie down 躺下　
[佳句背诵] He thought I was lying to him.As a matter of fact, I was telling the truth.
他认为我在对他说谎，实际上我讲的是实话。
[名师点津]
动词
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
词义
lie vi.
lied
lied
lying
说谎
lie vi.
lay
lain
lying
躺；位于
lay vt.
laid
laid
laying
放置；下蛋
strength　 n．[C]长处；强项；[U]力量；体力
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①In my view, the strength of riding bikes is that it can build up our body.
②As a good teacher，you should know your students’ strengths(strength) and weaknesses.
③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)By participating in such activities, we improve our skills and strengthen(strength)our sense of cooperation.
[能力提升]——微写作
④(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)为了强身健体，我们经常组织各种各样的活动，例如打篮球、乒乓球等。
To__build__up__our__strength,__we often hold all kinds of activities, such as playing basketball and table tennis.

(1)build up one’s strength　　　 增强体质
The strength of...is that... ……的优势是……
strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点
(2)strengthen vt. 加强；增强 　
[佳句背诵] As is known to us, unity is strength.No matter what difficulties we meet, we can get them over.　众所周知，团结就是力量。不管遇到什么困难，我们都能克服。
[名师点津] 表示“优点和缺点”时，strength与weakness常用复数形式。
limit　vt.限制；限定　n．界限；限度
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①There is a limit to one’s life, but no limit to serving(serve) the people.
②(2019·江苏卷)Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to a waste of limited(limit) resources.
[能力提升]——完成句子
③他的英语水平非常有限以至于不能理解以英语为母语的人说的话。
His English is__so__limited__that he can’t understand what the native speakers say.

(1)limit...to...　　　 把……限制在……内
(2)set a limit to... 对……规定限度
there is a/no limit to...
对……是有限的/无限的
(3)limited adj. 有限的
limitless adj. 无限的　
[佳句背诵] The length of the article should be limited to 400 words or so.
文章的长度限制在约400词。 (全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
benefit　vt.& vi.有益于；有助于；受益　n．好处；利益；优势
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·北京卷) The students benefitting(benefit) most from college are those who are totally engaged(参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college’s chances and resources(资源)．
②As we all know, books are the source of knowledge, from which I benefit a lot.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)了解中国的餐桌礼仪对你很有益。
③Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will benefit__you__greatly．(benefit vt.)
④Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will be__of__great__benefit__to__you．(benefit n．)
⑤Having a good knowledge of table manners of China will be__very__beneficial__to__you．(beneficial adj.)

(1)benefit from/by...　　 从……中受益；得益于……
(2)for the benefit of 为了……的利益
be of (much/great) benefit to
对……(极) 有益处
(3)beneficial adj.　　　　 有利的；有益的；对……有益
be beneficial to 对……有益
[佳句背诵] Join us as a volunteer manager to develop your own skills while bringing benefits to the communities.　加入我们志愿者服务在给社区带来益处的同时发展自身的技能。(2019·北京卷)
combine　vt.& vi.(使)联合；(使)结合
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The study of traditions should be__combined(combine) with practice.
②It was several factors that combined to__harm(harm) our friendship.
③The firm is working on a new product in combination with several overseas partners.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④如果他能把自己的才能和勤奋结合起来，他应该会非常成功。
If he can combine__his__ability__with/and__hard__work,__he should be very successful.

(1)combine...with/and...
　　　　　　　 把……与……结合起来
combine to do sth. 联合起来干某事
(2)combination n. 结合；联合；组合
in combination (with) (与……)联合/结合　
[佳句背诵] In our daily life, we should try to combine exercise with a balanced diet.
在日常生活中，我们应该把锻炼与均衡饮食相结合。
get away with　受到从轻发落；(做坏事)不受惩罚
[基础练习]——用get的相关短语填空
①I’d like to spend a few days in the country to get__away__from the noise and pollution of London.
②I rang him several times this morning but could not get__through to him.
③If we can get__over our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.
④For the benefit of your health, you should get__rid__of the habit of smoking.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤如果你给我一些如何和同学相处得好的建议我将感激不尽。
I’d appreciate it if you could give me some tips on how__to__get__along__well__with__my__classmates．

get away from　　　　　 从……脱离；逃脱……
get down to (doing) sth. 开始认真地做某事
get rid of 摆脱；去除
get along well with 与……相处得好；进展顺利
get over 克服(困难)
get through 完成；通过；接通电话 　
[佳句背诵] Our English teacher is very strict with us. He won’t have us getting away with cheating in the exam.　我们的英语老师对我们要求很严格，他绝不允许我们在考试中作弊而不受到惩罚。
cut down　削减；删节；减少；砍倒；降低；杀死；夺去……的生命
[一词多义]——写出下列句中cut down的含义
①Every one of us can make a great effort to cut down the use of energy in our country.减少；削减
②This article is too long, and you have to cut it down to 1，000 words.删节
③Immediate actions should be taken，like stopping cutting down trees，to better the environment.砍倒
④Hunger，cold and illness cut down many of the villagers.夺去……的生命
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤由于主要公路被切断，这里与世界其他地方没有任何联系。
With__the__main__highway__cut__off,__there is no connection to the rest of the world.

cut in　　　　　　 插话；让某人分享利润
cut up 切碎；齐根切掉
cut out 删除
cut through 开辟
cut off 切断；中止；隔绝　
[佳句背诵] As is known to us，smoking is harmful to us.You’d better quit smoking or at least cut down the amount of smoking.
众所周知，吸烟对我们身体有害，你最好戒烟或者至少减少吸烟量。

否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义
(教材P10)“Nothing could be better，” he thought.
他想：“没有比这些更好吃的了。”
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①Mr. Smith is a great teacher—I really couldn’t find a better(good) teacher.
②You can never be too careful while crossing the street.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)就我个人而言， 身体健康最重要。
③(普通表达)In my view, health__is__the__most__important__thing in our daily life.
④(高级表达)From my point of view, nothing__is__more__important__than__health in our daily life. (否定词＋比较级)

表示最高级含义的特殊结构：
(1)否定词＋比较级表示“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有no, not, never, nothing, nobody, hardly等。
(2)can/could＋never/not＋...＋
　
[佳句背诵] As a student, I can tell you that there is nothing better than being praised by the teacher before classmates.　作为一个学生，我可以告诉你，没有什么比在同学面前被老师表扬更好的了。
can’t/couldn’t have sb. doing sth.不允许某人做某事
(教材P10)He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies!
他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉！
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①There is no need to worry about. I will have Tom pick(pick) you up at the airport.
②(全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)I intended to take up a part­time job, through which I can have my horizons broadened(broaden)．
③(2017·天津卷)I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train to__catch(catch)．
[能力提升]——微写作
④(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)非常抱歉星期五下午不能与你一起去书店。 我刚刚发现那天下午我有一个重要的会议要参加。
I’m terribly sorry for not being able to go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon.I have just found that I have__an__important__meeting__to__attend that afternoon.

(1)can’t/couldn’t have sb. doing sth.
　　　　　 不允许某人做某事(否定句)
have sb./sth.doing sth.
让某人做某事/让某事发生(动作持续)(肯定句)
have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
have sth. done 让别人做某事；完成某事；遭遇不幸的事
(2)have sth. to do 有某事要做(不定式作定语)　
[佳句背诵] I won’t have you making the same mistake again and again.
我不允许你反复犯同样的错误。
[名师点津] (1)have是使役动词就要考虑have sb. doing; have sb. do; have sth. done；(2)have是及物动词表示“有”时，就要考虑have sth. to do。

Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Knowing the history of the Tang Dynasty will be very beneficial(benefit) to your understanding of the poems.
2．(天津卷)We should overcome our weaknesses(weak) and fears with courage and determination.
3．The town lies(lie) on the coast with amazing scenery, which attracts many visitors every year.
4．A number of trees have__been__cut(cut) down to make way for the highway in recent years, which makes us very upset.
5．Nowadays more and more people have come to realize the importance of a balanced(balance) diet to their health.
6．The beautiful scenery, combined(combine) with lovely weather and delicious food, made our visit to Qingdao pleasant and unforgettable.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．We could not have him getting(get) away with a fine, for he had made such a serious offence.
2．Without learning a lesson from our mistakes, we would neither improve our skills nor realize our goals.
3．The doctor told Bob his heart was in poor condition and that he must cut down on alcohol and smoking.
4．When I glanced out of the window, I saw them gathering(gather) around the building.
5．Later I won back his trust by helping him when he was in trouble.
6．To keep much slimmer(slim) and more energetic, I am on a diet.
Ⅲ.易错误用(改正下列句子中的错误)
1．He is such warm­hearted a man that he often helps others.such→so
2．As we all know, there is no limit to help the people in trouble.help→helping
3．In order to make herself more beautiful, she had her hair cutting yesterday.cutting→cut
4．His company is deep in a debt because of his bad management.删除a
5．Nothing is much easy to defeat you when you often assess yourself negatively.easy→easier
Ⅳ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．(2018·浙江卷6月阅读C)Friedman points out that the green economy(经济) is a chance to keep American strength. n．实力
2．(浙江卷读后续写)But the helicopter didn’t come back again, and the day became darker. The slim hope in Jane’s eyes faded away.adj.微小的
3．(江苏卷阅读C)Rich countries gain more from powerful Niňos, on balance, than they lose. 总而言之；总的来说

提能一　语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
In my opinion, good health 1.lies(lie) in regular exercise and positive attitude.Meanwhile, you ought to keep the 2.balance(balanced) between study and relaxation.In addition, even if your time is 3.limited(limit), do take exercise regularly to build up your 4.strength(strong), which will be of great 5.benefit(beneficial) to your health.
(二)
My uncle helps people to stay strong and healthy at a fitness centre by 1.combining(combine) physical training with a healthy lifestyle.He 2.consults(consult) with the trainees before designing training programs.Usually the amount of exercise for each trainee per day 3.is__limited(limit) to an hour or so.Exercising immediately after meals is forbidden as people need to allow their food 4.to__digest(digest)．He also recommends every trainee attach importance to balancing work and relaxation.He says eating proper foods and avoiding unhealthy habits are supposed 5.to__benefit(benefit) a lot.
提能二　话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假定你是李华，是一名高中生。最近，你的笔友Amy给你寄来一封信，说她因发胖而感到非常苦恼。请根据下列要点给她写一封建议信。内容包括：①注意饮食合理，营养均衡；②经常锻炼，保证睡眠充足；③调整心态。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①非常抱歉得知你因为发胖而伤心。下面是如何保持健康的一些建议。
I’m sorry to hear that you are upset because you have put__on__weight．The following are some tips on__how__to__keep__fit．
②为了保持健康，你需要均衡饮食。不要吃含糖和脂肪多的食物。含糖和脂肪多的食物容易使人发胖。
To keep healthy, you need have__a__balanced__diet．Don’t eat the foods containing too much sugar and fat.It will make you put on weight easily.
③经常锻炼是重要的。像骑车和散步这类的运动对身体有好处。它可以使你保持体形。
It is important to take regular exercise. Sports like riding and walking are__of__great__benefit__to__your__health．It can help keep you in shape.
④为了健康，拥有充足的睡眠和休息是有必要的。
For__the__benefit__of__your__health,__it is necessary that you should have enough sleep and rest.
⑤充足的睡眠使你身体得到放松。
Enough sleep makes__your__body__relaxed．
⑥没有必要担心体重增加和减少。
There is no need to worry about weight__gain__and__weight__loss．
⑦健康是最重要的。
Health is__the__most__important．
⑧希望我的建议对你会有所帮助。
I hope my__tips__will__be__helpful__to__you．
2．升级平淡句
⑨用which引导定语从句升级句②
To__keep__healthy,__you__need__have__a__balanced__diet.Don’t__eat__the__foods__containing__too__much__sugar__and__fat,__which__will__make__you__put__on__weight__easily.
⑩用否定词与比较级连用表示最高级含义升级句⑦
Nothing__is__more__important__than__health.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：first of all, besides, as a result, last but not least, as far as I’m concerned)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Amy，
I’m sorry to hear that you are upset because you have put on weight.The following are some tips on how to keep fit.
First of all, to keep healthy, you need have a balanced diet.Don’t eat the foods containing too much sugar and fat, which will make you put on weight easily.Besides, it is important to take regular exercise.Sports like riding and walking are of great benefit to your health, which can help keep you in shape.Enough sleep makes your body relaxed.As a result, for the benefit of your health, it is necessary that you should have enough sleep and rest.Last but not least, there is no need to worry about weight gain and weight loss.As far as I’m concerned, nothing is more important than health.
I do hope my tips will be helpful to you.
Best wishes.
Yours，
Li Hua

(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·绵阳诊断)We are what we eat. That is an old expression, but one worth knowing. A recent look at diets around the world shows that people who eat healthy food—and not too much of it—live longer. But which areas of the world have the best diets? Researchers found that foods in some of the healthiest diets—Mediterranean diet, New Nordic diet, Japanese diet and French diet—may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat.
Mediterranean diet contains lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and olive oil. The diet has proper amounts of fish and poultry(家禽肉). Red meat and foods high in sugar and salt are not big parts of this diet.
New Nordic diet has whole grains like oats and rye, vegetables such as carrots, broccoli and eggs, seafood, fruits, oil, low­fat milk and cheese. Sugary desserts are not common in this diet.
Japanese people are some of the longest living people on the planet, with women up to 87 years old and men up to 80. The Japanese diet is the reason for such lengths of life. The diet has many foods that are low in calories and high in nutrients. Japanese people eat a lot of seaweed, tofu, rice, vegetables and fish. The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.
However, French people eat fatty foods but do not get fat. And they live a long time. This phenomenon is called the “French Paradox”. The reason why the French eat fatty foods without getting fat may be simple. They eat less. Serving sizes in French restaurants and of products sold in stores are smaller than those in most countries. And generally speaking, most French people do not snack. This means they do not eat food between meals.
【解题导语】　本文介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。
1．What do we know about the healthiest diets around the world?
A．They contain abundant calories.
B．They tend to be expensive.
C．They share certain similarities.
D．They reflect popular tastes.
C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“may be very different, but they are all heavy on local and seasonal foods, which include more vegetables and seafood and less red meat”可知，尽管有不同之处，但世界上最健康的饮食都使用很多当地的和时令的食物，包括更多的蔬菜和海鲜及更少的红肉。由此可知，世界上最健康的饮食有一定的相似之处，故选C项。
2．What is considered as a harmful eating habit in Japanese tradition?
A．Going low in calories.
B．Eating to the fullest.
C．Having much seafood.
D．Picking many foods.
B　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The tradition there is to stop eating when your stomach feels 80 percent full.”可知，日本的传统是吃八成饱。由此可推知，吃得很饱在日本被认为是不良的饮食习惯，故选B项。
3．How does the author develop the central idea in the last 4 paragraphs?
A．By building connections.
B．By exploring reasons.
C．By listing examples.
D．By analyzing figures.
C　解析：写作手法题。通读后四段可知，作者列举了这些健康饮食中的食物，故本文后四段是通过举例子的方式来说明中心观点的。
4．Which can be the most suitable title for the text?
A．What Is the Healthiest Diet on Earth?
B．How Does the Old Expression Serve?
C．Why Is a Healthy Diet So Important?
D．Where Can We Feed Ourselves Well?
A　解析：标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了世界上四种最健康的饮食。故A项作为文章标题最合适。
【难句分析】　A recent look at diets around the world shows that people who eat healthy food—and not too much of it—live longer.
分析：本句是主从复合句。句中that引导宾语从句，作shows的宾语；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people。
译文：最近一项对世界各地的饮食的研究表明，吃健康食物的人——且不吃过量——会活得更久。
B
(2020·洛阳统考)There is more of a connection between food and culture than you may think. On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are. Many associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it ties us to our families, holding a special and personal value for us. Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek as adults in times of frustration and stress.
On a large scale, traditional food is an important part of culture. It also operates as an expression of culture identity. Immigrants bring it wherever they go, and it is a symbol of pride for their culture and means of coping with homesickness.
Many immigrants open their own restaurants and serve traditional dishes. However, the food does not remain exactly the same. Some materials needed to make traditional dishes may not be readily available, so the taste and flavor can be different from what they would prepare in their home countries. Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers. Those changes can create new flavors that still keep the cultural significance of the dishes.
We should embrace our heritage(传统) through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food. It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it. Food is a window into culture, and it should be treated as such.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了食物和文化之间的联系。
5．What’s the function of food mentioned in the text?
A．To help motivate homesickness.
B．To show national identity.
C．To reflect a country’s history.
D．To show a community’s superiority.
B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第二、三句“On an individual level, we grow up eating the food of our culture. It becomes a part of who we are.”，再根据第二段的内容，尤其是第二句“It also operates as an expression of culture identity.”可知，文章中提到的食物的作用是显示国家身份。
6．What does the underlined “it” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The specific traditional food.
B．The national culture.
C．A traditional expression of food.
D．The old­fashioned taste.
A　解析：代词指代题。通读第二段可知，传统食物是文化的一个重要部分，它显示了文化身份，移民不管去哪儿都带着它，它象征着对自己文化的骄傲，也是应对乡愁的方法。由此可推知，it指代传统食物。
7．Why do some immigrants have to change the original dishes in their restaurant?
A．To attach cultural importance to their dishes.
B．To announce the beginning of their life on foreign soil.
C．To make the dishes popular among customers.
D．To present their own food culture in a new way.
C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的内容，尤其是第四、五句“Additionally, immigrants do not only sell dishes to people from the same countries as them, but to people from different countries. Therefore, they have to make small changes about the original dishes to cater to a wider range of customers.”可知，移民不仅把菜肴卖给来自相同国家的人，还卖给其他国家的人。为了使菜肴受到顾客的欢迎，一些移民不得不改变传统的菜肴。
8．What’s the author’s attitude towards different food cultures?
A．Negative.　　　　　　　　 B．Balanced.
C．Unfair. D．Unchangeable.
B　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是第一句“We should embrace our heritage(传统) through our culture’s food but also become more informed about other cultures by trying their food.”可知，我们应该通过我们文化的食物来接受我们的传统，但也应该通过尝试其他文化的食物来了解更多文化。由此可推知，作者对不同的食物文化持客观公正的态度。
【难句分析】　It is important to remember that each dish has a special place in the culture to which it belongs, and is special to those who prepare it.
分析：本句中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式；“that each dish has...who prepare it”是that引导的宾语从句，从句中含有“介词＋which”引导的定语从句和who引导的定语从句，who引导的定语从句修饰先行词those。
译文：重要的是要记住，每一道菜在它所属的文化中都有一个特殊的位置，而且对于烹饪它的人来说也是特别的。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·湖北八校联考)In the super fast paced world we live in, happiness may not come as easily as we wish. Here are some tips to make us live happily.
Don’t avoid or ignore negativity.
1．________ This can include people in your life who may be bringing you down, a hostile workplace environment or even a personal stressor that you haven’t conquered quite yet. You are in control of your environment and if these negative situations keep making an appearance, it’s up to you to handle them.
Take care of yourself and your needs.
In order to live a powerful and meaningful life, you must love yourself. Take care of your actions and how you live each day, and this will be reflected in your thoughts and emotional state of mind. 2.________
Mend what’s broken or get rid of it.
Determining what is worth your time and effort and what is not can be challenging. If situations are beyond repair, it’s time to let go. Are there relationships or friendships that remain damaged but you know are worth the time？3.________ Do what you can to find love in situations where it may have be absent in the past.
4．________
Giving our time, energy, love and sometimes money is what life is about. 5.________ My mom taught me a quote she learned in Mexico that stuck with me forever，“Donde comen uno, comen dos.(Where one can eat, two can eat.)” It moves me every time I say it out loud. At the end of the day, no matter what you have you are likely in a position to give something small to someone else who needs it. Don’t hesitate.
A．Give back.
B．Be positive.
C．Fix them and find peace.
D．Do more of what makes you happy.
E．Love yourself fully in order to love others fully.
F．Everything we put out into the world comes back to us.
G．In order to conquer and overcome the negativity, you must acknowledge it.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了几个快乐生活的建议。
1．G　解析：根据小标题Don’t avoid or ignore negativity. 并结合该段内容可推知，必须先承认消极性才能战胜和克服它。故选G项。
2．E　解析：根据该段中的“you must love yourself”以及“Take care of your actions and how you live each day”可推知，E项“为了充分地爱别人，要完全地爱自己”符合语境，故选E项。
3．C　解析：根据小标题Mend what’s broken or get rid of it. 以及空前一句可知，修复那些值得你花时间的关系或友谊，故选C项。
4．A　解析：根据文章结构以及空处所在位置可知，空处为段落小标题，该段主要是讲去付出。故选A项。
5．F　解析：根据空前一句可知，生活就是付出我们的时间、精力、爱，有时是金钱，由此可推知，空处应是讲有付出就会有回报。故选F项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·合肥教学质检)Beijing roast duck, which is honored as by far 1.____________(delicious) dish in the world, has won fame both at home and abroad. Nowadays, an increasing number of 2.____________(foreigner) traveling to Beijing fall in love with 3.____________.
Preparing quality roast duck 4.____________(be) a long, complicated process of many steps, from selecting the duck at the beginning to 5.____________(serve) it to the diners at the end. Each step is carefully taken to guarantee the roast duck is attractive in 6.____________(appear), red in color, fragrant, and hot with thin steam when served. In the restaurant, ducks are roasted upon the order of the diners. After a roast duck is ready, it is brought to the diners, in front of 7.____________ a chef will skillfully slice the juicy meat, each piece with well－cooked skin 8.____________(attach). You can dip the slices of duck into sweet sauce(酱), and wrap the meat with some spring onions inside a thin pancake, and only then does one finally take a bite! Normally, the remaining bones of the duck 9.____________(cook) slowly in a closed dish for making delicious soup. All goes well with wine, thus making the dinner 10.____________ unforgettable “full－duck banquet(宴席)”．
【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了具有中国特色的菜肴——北京烤鸭。
1．the most delicious　解析：考查形容词最高级。根据句中的“in the world”和语境可推知，空处表示最高级的含义，所以填the most delicious。
2．foreigners　解析：考查名词的单复数。foreigner是可数名词，且与“an increasing number of”呼应，所以填复数形式foreigners。
3．it　解析：考查代词。此处用it代指上文提到的“Beijing roast duck”。
4．is　解析：考查主谓一致和时态。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，且本句表示客观描述，所以填is。
5．serving　解析：考查非谓语动词。根据固定词组搭配from...to...“从……到……”可知，此处应填动名词serving作介词to的宾语。
6．appearance　解析：考查词性转换。分析句子并根据语境可知，空处应为名词，作介词in的宾语，所以填appearance“外观”。
7．whom　解析：考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，修饰先行词“the diners”，空处在从句中作介词短语in front of的宾语，故填 whom。
8．attached　解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个with复合结构，即“with＋名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/分词”。动词attach和skin构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以填过去分词形式。
9．are cooked　解析：考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，cook和句子主语“the remaining bones of the duck”构成被动关系，且此处是对一般情况的陈述，所以填are cooked。
10．an　解析：考查冠词。banquet是可数名词，且第一次在文章中出现，表泛指，又unforgettable的发音以元音音素开头，所以填不定冠词an。