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2021版浙江高考英语（人教版）一轮复习基础考点聚焦必修5学案2Unit2 TheUnitedKingdom
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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．kingdom n. 王国
2．province n. 省；行政区
3．nationwide adj. 全国性的；全国范围的
4．currency n. 货币；通货
5．institution n. 制度；机制；公共机构
6．architecture n. 建筑学；建筑艺术
7．port n. 港口(城市)
8．wedding n. 婚礼
9．royal adj. 王室的；皇家的；高贵的
10．splendid adj. 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的
11．statue n. 塑像；雕像
12．educational adj. 教育的
13．historical adj. 历史(上)的；有关历史的
14．opportunity n. 机会；时机
15．clarify vt. 澄清；阐明
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．consist vi. 组成；在于；一致
2．accomplish vt. 完成；达到；实现
3．conflict n. 矛盾；冲突
4．countryside n. 乡下；农村
5．enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的；使人高兴的
6．quarrel n. 争吵；争论；吵架
vi. 争吵；吵架
7．alike adj. 相同的；类似的
8．fold vt. 折叠；对折
9．uniform n. 制服
10．sightseeing n. 观光；游览
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．unite vi.& vt.联合；团结→united adj.团结的；联合的→union n．联合；联盟；结合；协会
2．convenient adj.方便的→inconvenient adj.不方便的→convenience n．便利；方便→inconvenience n．不方便
3．describe vt.描述；形容；描绘→description n．描写；描述
4．attract vt.吸引；引起注意→attraction n．吸引；吸引力→attractive adj.有吸引力的
5．arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理→arrangement n．布置；整理
6．delight n．快乐；高兴vt.使高兴→delighted adj.快乐的→delightful adj.令人高兴的
7. collect vt.收集→collection n．收藏品；珍藏；收集
8．furnish vt.装修，布置→furnished adj.配备好装备的；带家具的→furniture n．家具，设备
9．possible adj.可能的， 可能性→impossible adj.不可能的→possibility n．可能(性)
10．willing adj.乐意的→unwilling adj.不乐意(的)
11．rough adj.粗糙的；粗暴的→roughly adv.大致地；粗糙地；粗略地
12．origin n．根源→original adj.最初的；原始的
13．imagine vi.& vt.设想，想象→imagination n．想象力→imaginary adj.想象中的；假想的；虚构的
14．thrill vt.使激动；使胆战心惊→thrilled adj.激动的→thrilling adj.令人激动的
1.仅“一字母之差”的单词
①statue n．雕像→status n．身份
②affect vt.影响→effect n．影响；效果
③adapt vt.适应→adopt vt.收养
④sweat n．汗水→sweet adj.甜的
⑤march n．前进→match n．比赛
⑥expand vt.扩张→expend vt.花费
2.前缀a高频表语形容词大全
①alike 相同的；类似的
②alive 活的；有活力的
③awake 醒着的
④ashamed 羞愧的
⑤alone 单独的
⑥alarmed 恐惧的
3.“高兴”家族
①delight n．& vt. (使)高兴；(使)喜悦
②delighted adj. 欣喜的；高兴的
③delightful adj. 令人高兴的
④happy adj. 愉快的；高兴的
⑤happiness n. 快乐；幸福
⑥joy n. 欢乐；高兴
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．consist__of 由……组成
2．divide...into 把……分成
3．break__away__(from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离
4．to__one’s__credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下
5．leave__out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
6．take__the__place__of 代替
7．break__down (机器)损坏；破坏
8．refer__to 谈到，说到；参考；涉及
9．make__a__list__of 把……列出清单
10．on__show 展览
11．in__memory__of 为了纪念
12．break__out 爆发
1.“to one’s＋n.”必备短语荟萃
①to one’s credit 为……带来荣誉
②to one’s astonishment 令某人惊奇的是
③to one’s delight/joy 令某人高兴的是
④to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
⑤to one’s regret 使某人感到遗憾的是
⑥to one’s shame 使某人惭愧的是
2.各种“代替”表达法
①take the place of
②take one’s place
③replace sb./sth.
④in place of
⑤substitute for
⑥instead of
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：“keep/make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
You must keep__your__eyes__open if you are going to make__your__trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable__and__worthwhile.
要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。
句型2：过去分词短语作状语
Worried__about__the__time__available,__Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.
由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了清单。
句型3：状语从句的省略
It looked splendid when__first__built！ 刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！
句型4：It seemed strange that ...……似乎有点儿奇怪；should have done表示对过去发生的事情感到惊讶
It__seemed__strange__that the man who had developed communism should__have__lived__and__died__in__London． 这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform(制服) looked so cool.
2．We should settle conflicts(冲突) in a peaceful way, thus friendship comes into being.
3．Having quarrelled(争吵) with his wife about who should wash the dishes, he felt very upset.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)You will certainly find the exhibition most enjoyable(enjoy) and fall in love with the art.
5．This is a good chance to go abroad, so she is unwilling(willing) to give it up.
6．(2019·北京卷)Another possibility(possible) is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·北京卷七选五)Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished in teams.Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 完成
2．(2018·天津卷阅读B)The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there.壮丽的，辉煌的
3．(2018·浙江卷6月阅读C)The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century. 流通
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Our department will be in charge of arranging the conference. Would you please give us some suggestions on the arrangement for it? (arrange)
2．Two days later, I was delighted to hand in all of my work on time, to my teacher’s delight. (delight)
3．There is a convenience store near my home，so it’s very convenient for me to go shopping. (convenient)
4．He described the robbery in detail to the policeman and his description was very valuable—the police caught the robber in a short time. (describe)
5．What attracts me most in Beijing is that there are many attractions,__like the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and so on. They are so attractive as to attract eyes from every corner of the world. (attract)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
leave out; make a list of; take the place of; consist of; be divided into; much to one’s delight
1．Much__to__our__delight,__the manager of our company will arrange a convenient time for us to visit the British Museum. No other museums can 2.take__the__place__of the British Museum, which attracts millions of visitors from all over the world every year. The British Museum 3.consists__of nine showrooms, one of which 4.is__divided__into several parts to display different historical collections.When we look around the showroom, it may seem strange that Britain should have taken so many valuable things from China. When visiting the British Museum, we had better 5.make__a__list__of the things we want to see if we don’t want to 6.leave__out anything valuable. I’m sure that we will learn a lot from the trip.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．保持环境清洁无污染是让人们生活健康的关键一步。
Keeping__the__environment__clean and free of pollution is the key step to make__life__healthy．
2．面对这么多要学的新东西，我会感到恐惧、迷茫，不知道该做什么。
Faced__with__so__many__new__things__to__learn,__I was overcome by fear and was at a loss what to do.
3．(2019·北京卷书面表达)在农场摘西瓜的时候，我意识到了劳动的真正含义。
While__picking__watermelons__on__the__farm,__I realized the real meaning of labour.
4．看起来很奇怪，他竟然拒绝了我们提出的行之有效的建议。
It__seemed__strange__that__he__should__have__rejected the practical suggestion put forward by us.
convenience n．便利；方便；便利的事物；便利设施
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷)To enjoy the convenience(convenient) of digital payment，many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
②The secretary arranged a convenient(convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an interview.
③In the past several weeks，many cities in Northern China have been suffering from heavy fogs, causing great inconvenience(convenient) to people.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④如果您感兴趣，请在您方便的时候尽快发送申请邮件。
If you are interested, please send an application email at__your__earliest__convenience．
(1)for convenience 为了方便起见
at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
(2)convenient adj. 方便的；合适的
It is convenient for sb. to do sth.
某人方便做某事。
(3)inconvenience n． 不方便；不便
inconvenient adj. 不方便的
[佳句背诵] If it is convenient for you, let’s meet at 8：30 am outside the school gate. 如果你方便的话，我们上午8：30在学校门口外面见面。(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
[名师点津] convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，常用it作形式主语。
attract vt.吸引；引起注意
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The company is starting a new campaign to__attract(attract) new customers to its stores.
②(全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top attraction(attract)．
③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)This attractive(attract) tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④吸引人们到西湖的是它的自然美景和丰富的文化底蕴。
What__attracts__people__to__the__West__Lake is its beautiful scenery and rich culture.
(1)attract one’s attention/mind
吸引某人的注意力
attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事
(2)attraction n． 有趣的东西；吸引人之物
a tourist attraction 旅游景点
(3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的；引起注意的
be attractive to 对……有吸引力
[佳句背诵] Therefore, the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers.
因此，电影产业应该做出更大的努力来吸引更多的观众。(2017·江苏卷书面表达)
arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The company will arrange for a taxi to__meet(meet) you at the airport.
②If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5：00 p．m. next Thursday so that we will make necessary arrangements(arrange)．
③I’d like to tell you that my classmates and I have arranged to__visit(visit) the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.
[能力提升]——微写作
④(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我们已经安排好这部短篇电影将于明天下午四点到五点半在我们学校剧院放映。
We__have__arranged__that__the__short__film__will__be__on__show from 16：00 to 17：30 at our school theatre tomorrow.
(1)arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事
arrange (for sb.) to do sth. 安排(某人)做某事
(2)arrangement n. 布置；整理；安排
make arrangements for 安排好……
[佳句背诵] Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success. 父母为孩子们安排好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。
[名师点津] (1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb.to do sth.而不用arrange sb.to do sth.；
(2)make arrangements for中的arrangement常用复数形式。
delight n．快乐；高兴 vt.(使)高兴；(使)欣喜
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Much to my delight, I have a good chance to tell you something about Chinese culture and table manners.
②I cannot tell you how delighted(delight) I was with the beautiful birthday present you gave me.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2019·天津卷书面表达)得知你要在即将到来的暑假给我们做一个关于西方艺术的讲座，我们非常高兴。
③We’re__more__than__delighted__to__know that you will give us a lecture about western art during the coming summer holiday. (delighted)
④What__delights__us__greatly__is__that you will give us a lecture about western art during the coming summer holiday. (delight vt.；主语从句)
(1)delight sb.with sth. 用某物使某人高兴
delight in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事为乐
(2)take (great) delight in 以……为乐
with delight 高兴地；愉快地
to one’s delight 使某人高兴的是
(3)delighted adj. 高兴的；快乐的
[佳句背诵] What delighted me was that I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
令我高兴的是，我从数百名申请者中被选中参加开幕式。
consist of 由……组成
[基础练习]——词汇替换
①As far as I know, the club is made up of eighteen members.
＝As far as I know, the club consists__of eighteen members.
＝As far as I know, eighteen members make__up the club.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这部短片由两部分组成，介绍了我校的现状。
②The short film, consisting__of/made__up__of__two__parts,__introduces the present situation of our school.(分词作定语)
③The short film, which__consists__of/is__made__up__of__two__parts,__introduces the present situation of our school.(定语从句)
(1) 由……组成
(2)consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于
consist with 与……一致/相符
[佳句背诵] The company consisting of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis. 这个由15个小工厂组成的公司正面临严重的财政危机。
[名师点津] consist of, belong to, come into being等几个短语都不能用于被动语态和进行时态。
take the place of 代替；取代
[基础练习]——用place的相关短语填空
①As we all know, the 32nd Summer Olympics will take__place in Tokyo in 2020.
②After the dinner, an expression of thanks to the host would be in__place．
[能力提升]——一句多译
经理将要出差，我将代替他参加会议。
③The manager will be away on business and I’ll take__his__place__to__attend the meeting.
④The manager will be away on business and I’ll take__the__place__of__him__to__attend the meeting.
⑤The manager will be away on business and I’ll attend__the__meeting__in__place__of__him．
(1)take one’s place 代替；就位
take place 发生
(2)in place 在适当的位置，适当
in place of 代替
[佳句背诵] When his secretary went on holiday, Miss Tyson took the place of her for a week.
他的秘书去休假的时候，泰森小姐替了她一个星期。
[名师点津] “代替某人”表达荟萃：
take the place of sb.
take one’s place
replace sb.
break down (机器)出故障；破坏；(谈判、计划等)失败；破裂；(身体)垮掉；分解
[一词多义]——写出下列句中break down的含义
①The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.(谈判)失败
②Your health will break down if you always stay up late.(身体)垮掉
③It was bad luck that my car broke down on the way to Beijing.出故障
④Plastic bags are difficult to break down.(化学)分解
break away (from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离
break off 中断；折断
break into 闯入
break out 爆发；发生
break up 分手；(婚姻关系)破裂
[佳句背诵] In my opinion, marriage based on money is bound to break up.
依我来看，以金钱为基础的婚姻注定会失败。
It seemed strange that... ……似乎有点儿奇怪；should have done表示对过去发生的事情感到惊讶
(教材P14)It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. 这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①In my opinion，it is important that we (should)__value(value) our friends instead of phones in our real life.
[能力提升]——完成句子
②奇怪的是，王恒屹，一个三岁的男孩竟然掌握了如此多的汉字。
It is strange that Wang Hengyi, a threeyearold boy should__have__mastered__so__many__Chinese__characters．
③看上去似乎很奇怪，他竟然放弃了去国外进修的好机会。
It__seems__strange__that__he__should__have__given__up the good opportunity to go abroad for further study.
(1)It＋seems/seemed＋adj.＋that...好像……，似乎……
(2)should常用于主语从句中，为虚拟语气，表示“惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此”。
常用句式有：It is important/necessary/natural/strange that...。
[佳句背诵] It seems strange that the lady who has been cautious all the time should be cheated as well.
奇怪的是，那位一向谨慎的女士竟然也被骗了。
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．I think this was perhaps the most enjoyable(enjoy) occasion we have ever had at the White House.
2．(2017·江苏卷)This complete but brief historical collection(collect) is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed to present even the biggest history lover with something new!
3．I’m more than delighted to invite you to go to Xi’an which is one of the most famous tourist attractions(attract) in China.
4．There have been so many conflicts(conflict) in the world recently. As a result, people are concerned about the world peace.
5．With everything arranged(arrange), the manager left for England to attend an important business meeting.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．I think it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him now and we must find solutions to the problem soon.
2．The football team, consisting(consist) of 22 players and 3 coaches, was set up about 3 years ago.
3．Divided(divide) into four groups, the whole class began to analyse the problem.
4．It is necessary that we (should)__be__exposed(expose) to different cultures to broaden our horizons.
5．(2018·天津卷)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
Ⅲ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．The company furnished the painter with the necessary information. vt.提供
2．(2018·天津卷完形)I learned this lesson from an experience many years ago.I took the head coaching job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. v．当……的教练；训练
3．One of the most significant collections of Etruscan art in Italy is housed at the Museo Guarnacci.vt.储藏
提能一 语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
Last Sunday, my boss arranged 1.for me to pick up the experts at the airport, who were invited to come to our company to offer guidance. Unluckily, my car broke 2.down on the way.As a result, I had to ask my colleague, Mr.Wang, to drive his car to the airport to meet the experts. I know from this experience that it is necessary that I 3.should__keep(keep) my car in good condition from now on.
(二)
We are more than 1.delighted(delight) to have the opportunity to visit the museum. It consists 2.of three parts, one for 3.historical(history) architecture, one for painting, and another for statues, all of which will bring us much delight. For 4.convenience(convenient), all of us will 5.be__divided(divide) into three groups to see them and don’t break 6.away from your group in case you leave out important tourist 7.attractions(attract). I wish all of us have an 8.enjoyable(enjoy) time.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，你校的外教Lucy打算下周末去北京进行一次短途旅行，希望你推荐一个最值得去的景点。请你用英文回信，向她推荐颐和园。内容包括：①简要介绍颐和园(中国现存的最完整的皇家花园，著名景点包括昆明湖、万寿山、十七孔桥等)；②如有需要，愿意陪同前往。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①很高兴得知你要去北京进行一次短途旅行，我想向你推荐颐和园。
Delighted__to__hear__that__you__are__going__to__make__a__short__trip__to__Beijing,__I’d like to recommend the Summer Palace to you.
②它(颐和园)是中国现存的最完整的皇家花园。
It is the most complete imperial garden that__exists__in__China．
③颐和园是一个著名的旅游胜地，著名景点包括昆明湖、万寿山、十七孔桥和许多其他迷人的自然风景。
It__is__a__famous__tourist__attraction,__which consists__of Kunming Lake, Wanshou Hill, the 17Arch Bridge and many other attractive natural views.
④漫步在园中，你也许会奇怪古代中国人竟然能建造如此壮观的建筑物。
When you wander around it, it__may__seem__strange__to__you__that__the__ancient__Chinese__should__have__built__such__splendid__buildings．
⑤列出你想看的地方的清单，你就不会遗漏任何景点。(分词作宾补)
Make__a__list__of__what__you__want__to__see,__and you will not have__any__attractions__left__out．
⑥参观颐和园时，留心看以使你的旅行愉快。
While you are visiting the palace, keep__your__eyes__open__to__make__your__trip__enjoyable．
⑦如有需要，我愿意陪同前往，在途中向你详细介绍颐和园。
If necessary, I’m__willing__to__accompany__you__there__and__give__you__a__detailed__description__of__it during your trip.
2．升级平淡句
⑧用名词短语作同位语合并句①和句②
Delighted__to__hear__that__you__are__going__to__make__a__short__trip__to__Beijing,__I’d__like__to__recommend__the__Summer__Palace__to__you,__the__most__complete__imperial__garden__that__exists__in__China.
⑨用状语从句的省略形式升级句⑥
While__visiting__the__palace,__keep__your__eyes__open__to__make__your__trip__enjoyable.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：honestly speaking, finally)
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One possible version：
Dear Lucy，
Delighted to hear that you are going to make a short trip to Beijing, I’d like to recommend the Summer Palace to you, the most complete imperial garden that exists in China.
It is a famous tourist attraction, which consists of Kunming Lake, Wanshou Hill, the 17Arch Bridge and many other attractive natural views. Honestly speaking, when you wander around it, it may seem strange to you that the ancient Chinese should have built such splendid buildings. Make a list of what you want to see, and you will not have any attractions left out. Finally, while visiting the palace, keep your eyes open to make your trip enjoyable.
If necessary, I’m willing to accompany you there and give you a detailed description of it during your trip.
Yours，
Li Hua
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·绍兴诊断性考试)In American countryside, the message we hear is this: Go and get an education. Leave your small town and make something of yourself. Success and opportunity are found elsewhere.
After graduating from a high school in Helena, Arkansas, I did go.
I went to Colby College in Maine. I had visited the school ahead of time, so I knew what I was getting myself into. I knew about the difference in weather. I understood the difference in social atmosphere. But I wanted to stretch myself and get out of my comfort zone. And you know what? I absolutely loved my time there. But one thing took me by surprise—the lack of countryside representation. Most of the other students at Colby were from big cities: New York, Boston, Los Angeles, San Francisco...And when I had conversations with these students—in or outside of class—we almost always focused on topics facing large American cities. In my education classes, it was always “urban this” and “urban that”．
It was like small town America didn’t exist.
And this urban interest doesn’t just happen in college. I went to an education conference a couple of years ago, and a professor—someone who had been at the forefront of educational reform—was there to deliver a keynote. I was chosen to be part of a small group that got to meet with him. So there we were, five or six of us sitting in a room, and I asked him, “What are your thoughts on the state of education in the countryside？” And this man was speechless.
I’ll never forget that moment. It speaks to a larger truth. Towns like mine are forgotten.
This trend of exporting talent and resources to our big cities—this mindset of leaving small towns and never coming back—I don’t want to add to that movement. I want to reverse that movement.
Now it’s my turn to help people younger than me. And you know what? I’m a sixth grade teacher in Helena now.
【解题导语】 本文作者通过自己的大学生活经历以及在一次教育会议上与一位教授进行交流的故事说明了美国的乡村正在逐渐被人遗忘的现象，作者也由此决定要帮助乡村中的年轻人。
1．What do people in American countryside think of the future of the youth at home?
A．Secure. B．Fragile.
C．Promising. D．Bright.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Leave your small town and make something of yourself. Success and opportunity are found elsewhere.”可知，在美国的乡村，年轻人的就业前景并不稳定，成功和机会都在别处。故选B项。
2．What did the author find in his college classroom?
A．Students chatted freely.
B．Countryside was ignored.
C．He was looked down upon.
D．Students concentrated on education.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“And when I had conversations with these students...it was always ‘urban this’ and ‘urban that’．”和第四段“It was like small town America didn’t exist.”可知，作者在他的大学课堂中发现大家总是探讨与城市相关的问题，就好像乡村在美国不存在一样。也就是说，乡村被人们忽视了。故选B项。
3．What is the author doing now?
A．Teaching in a college.
B．Fighting for the movement.
C．Working with the professor.
D．Devoting himself to his hometown.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After graduating from a high school in Helena”可知，作者的家乡在海伦娜，再根据最后一段“Now it’s my turn to help people younger than me. And you know what? I’m a sixth grade teacher in Helena now.”可知，作者现在在家乡教书，帮助家乡中的年轻人，为家乡做贡献。故选D项。
B
Can you trust your very first childhood memories? Maybe not, a new study suggests.
Past studies show that people’s earliest memories typically form around 3 to 3.5 years of age. But in a recent survey of more than 6，600 people, British scientists have found that 39 percent of participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger. “These first memories are likely false，” the researchers said. This was particularly the case for middleaged and older adults.
For the study, researchers asked participants to describe their first memory and the age at which it occurred. Participants were told they had to be sure the memory was the one that had happened. For example, it shouldn’t be based on a photograph, a family story or any source other than direct experiences. Then the researchers examined the content, language and descriptive details of these earliest memories and worked out the likely reasons why people would claim to have memories from an age when memories cannot form.
As many of these memories dated before the age of 2, this suggests they were not based on actual facts, but facts or knowledge about their babyhood or childhood from photographs or family stories. “Often these false memories are fired by a part of an early experience, such as family relationships or feeling sad，” the researchers explained.
“We suggest that what a rememberer has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is...a mental representation consisting of remembered pieces of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood，” study author Shania Kantar said in a journal news release. “Additionally, further details may be unconsciously inferred or added. Such memorylike mental representations come, over time, to be collectively experienced when they come to mind, so for the individual, they quite simply are ‘memories’ which particularly point to babyhood.”
“Importantly, the person remembering them doesn’t know this is fictional，” study coauthor Martin Conway said. “In fact, when people are told that their memories are false, they often don’t believe it.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，人最早的记忆一般始于三岁到三岁半。在调查了六千多名调查对象之后，研究人员声称那些两岁时或更早的记忆是有误的。
4．What can we learn from the recent study?
A．Memories form after the age of 3.
B．Participants are good at telling stories.
C．Adults are likely to form false memories.
D．Earliest memories may play a trick on us.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“‘These first memories are likely false，’ the researchers said.”可知，研究人员认为，这些人所认为的最初的记忆可能是错误的，并结合第四段、第五段分析的错误的最早记忆形成的原因可知D项正确。
5．What are these fictional early memories according to Kantar?
A．They are repeated mental representations.
B．They are a collection of early experiences.
C．They are a combination of both facts and fictions.
D．They are further details of remembered experiences.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，尽管这些回忆中许多发生在两岁之前，但是研究表明这些记忆不是基于事实，而是基于婴儿或儿童时期的照片或家庭故事；结合第五段中Kantar所说的话可知，Kantar认为人们所认为的最早的记忆结合了事实和虚构的成分，故C项正确。
6．Which part of a newspaper is this text probably taken from?
A．Society. B．Psychology.
C．Technology. D．Health.
B 解析：文章出处题。根据第五段中的“We suggest that what a rememberer has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is...a mental representation consisting of remembered pieces of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood”可知，虚构的最早的记忆是一种心理现象；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项关于最早记忆的研究，此项研究与心理学有关；据此可知，本文很可能摘自报纸的心理学版块，故B项正确。
【难句分析】 Then the researchers examined the content, language and descriptive details of these earliest memories and worked out the likely reasons why people would claim to have memories from an age when memories cannot form.
分析：句中why people would claim to have memories from an age when memories cannot form为why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，引导词在从句中作原因状语；其中when memories cannot form为when引导的时间状语从句。
译文：然后，研究人员检查了这些最早记忆的内容、语言和描述细节，并找出了人们声称拥有这些来自记忆无法形成的年龄的记忆的可能的原因。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·浙江六校协作体联考)Three in five people in the UK hold a library card. For some, library is a shelter from the stresses of daytoday life. 1.________ If you’re considering joining your local library, now is the time to do so. And if you need any more encouragement, here are several reasons why you should.
Most libraries in the UK allow members of the general public to come and go as they like. 2.________ You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.
3．________ Imagine just how many books you have at your fingertips with a library card. There are lots of modern ones, as well as original ones, and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time. It’s a priceless experience, especially for kids, and also a great way to level the educational playing field.
Libraries develop with times. They have changed greatly since decades ago. 4.________ Some libraries have apps so you can see when your books are due back and even reserve books in some cases. There are also libraries which let you access books in digital formats on your mobile device—pretty cool.
Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community. They have noticeboards to offer services like exercise classes or learning centers. 5.________
A．Libraries help people learn.
B．Libraries help educate the kids.
C．They create a great sense of community.
D．You can go in, settle down and read a book without being charged a penny.
E．Most libraries now have computers and allow people to borrow CDs and DVDs.
F．Libraries help us save money as we’re borrowing books rather than buying them.
G．For others, particularly the homeless and people in poverty, library is a lifeline to the world.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。图书馆是人们减压的好场所，在那里人们还可以免费学习文化知识。
1．G 解析：根据空前一句“For some, library is a shelter from the stresses of daytoday life.”可知，对一些人来说，图书馆是躲避日常生活压力的庇护所；据此可推知，空处应与此相对应，介绍其他人对图书馆的看法，故G项符合语境。
2．D 解析：根据空后一句“You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.”可知，你也可以拿出借书证免费借书，不过如果逾期还书，你将不可避免地面临罚款；据此可推知，空处应是介绍在图书馆免费读书的情况，故D项符合语境，衔接上下文。且D项中的“You can”与空后一句中的“You can also”呼应。
3．A 解析：根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合对本段的整体理解，尤其是该段第三句“There are lots of modern ones, as well as original ones, and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time.”可知，通过阅读，你可以拓展你的学习，扩大你的词汇量；据此可知，该段主要说明了图书馆可以帮助人学习，故A项正确。
4．E 解析：根据本段的主题句“Libraries develop with times.”和空后的“Some libraries have apps”可知，空处应是介绍现如今的图书馆利用现代技术设备的情况，故E项与此处匹配。
5．C 解析：根据该段第一句“Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community.”可知，图书馆能让公众聚集起来成为一个社区；结合空处位置可知，空处总结该段，即图书馆创造了一种社区意识，故C项正确。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·舟山中学检测)Most of us are familiar with the “Silk Road”，a network of land trading routes which connected northwestern China to Europe since the Han Dynasty. With its recent 1.____________(popular), you may have heard of the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” as well, another network of land trading routes that connected China to various 2.____________(part) of Asia and Europe before sailing became common. Historically, the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” is no less 3.____________(value) than the “Silk Road”. And because of their respective locations(位置), sometimes the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” 4.____________(refer) to as the “Southern Silk Road”．
The “Ancient Tea Horse Road” got its name as Chinese tea and horses were the main products 5.____________(buy) and sold along the route. Historians have traced the origins of the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” back to the Tang Dynasty, 6.____________ tea was being transported out of Yunnan to Beijing, Tibet, and other places. The “Ancient Tea Horse Road” was 7.____________(far) developed during the Song and Ming Dynasties, and remained 8.____________ busy trading route all year round until the Qing Dynasty.
The “Ancient Tea Horse Road” served 9.____________ not only a trading route, but also a bridge connecting different races—such as Han and the Tibetan people. It is located near the “Roof of the World”， and is where many minority groups are located, 10.____________(make) it a spot of many attractions.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了茶马古道的相关情况。
1．popularity 解析：考查词性转换。空前是形容词，且形容词前是形容词性物主代词its，后面应接popular的名词形式。popularity“受欢迎”。
2．parts 解析：考查名词复数。空前为various，故part“区域，地区”用复数，故填parts。
3．valuable 解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” is no less和空后的than可知，空处应填形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示茶马古道的重要性并不低于丝绸之路，故填valuable“很重要的”。
4．is referred 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。此处描述的是现在的客观情况，应该用一般现在时，主语与refer to之间是被动关系，故要用被动语态。注意：refer的过去式和过去分词应双写r再加ed。
5．bought 解析：考查非谓语动词。动词buy与前面的名词products构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式作后置定语，表示被动。注意：and后的sold也是暗示。
6．when 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。when为关系副词，在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面表示时间的先行词the Tang Dynasty，并在从句中作时间状语。
7．further 解析：考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处说的是茶马古道的进一步发展情况，而far的比较级有两种形式：farther和further。在指距离的远近时，两者都可用，但是当用来表示“进一步”的意义时，只能用further。
8．a 解析：考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处说的是直到清代为止，茶马古道都是一条全年繁忙的贸易路线。此处表泛指，又因busy的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
9．as 解析：考查介词。serve as sth.表示“可用作，可当……使”，故填介词as。as表示“作为”。
10．making 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处的非谓语动词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词making。
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——知其意
1．kingdom n. 王国
2．province n. 省；行政区
3．nationwide adj. 全国性的；全国范围的
4．currency n. 货币；通货
5．institution n. 制度；机制；公共机构
6．architecture n. 建筑学；建筑艺术
7．port n. 港口(城市)
8．wedding n. 婚礼
9．royal adj. 王室的；皇家的；高贵的
10．splendid adj. 壮丽的；辉煌的；极好的
11．statue n. 塑像；雕像
12．educational adj. 教育的
13．historical adj. 历史(上)的；有关历史的
14．opportunity n. 机会；时机
15．clarify vt. 澄清；阐明
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．consist vi. 组成；在于；一致
2．accomplish vt. 完成；达到；实现
3．conflict n. 矛盾；冲突
4．countryside n. 乡下；农村
5．enjoyable adj. 令人愉快的；使人高兴的
6．quarrel n. 争吵；争论；吵架
vi. 争吵；吵架
7．alike adj. 相同的；类似的
8．fold vt. 折叠；对折
9．uniform n. 制服
10．sightseeing n. 观光；游览
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．unite vi.& vt.联合；团结→united adj.团结的；联合的→union n．联合；联盟；结合；协会
2．convenient adj.方便的→inconvenient adj.不方便的→convenience n．便利；方便→inconvenience n．不方便
3．describe vt.描述；形容；描绘→description n．描写；描述
4．attract vt.吸引；引起注意→attraction n．吸引；吸引力→attractive adj.有吸引力的
5．arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理→arrangement n．布置；整理
6．delight n．快乐；高兴vt.使高兴→delighted adj.快乐的→delightful adj.令人高兴的
7. collect vt.收集→collection n．收藏品；珍藏；收集
8．furnish vt.装修，布置→furnished adj.配备好装备的；带家具的→furniture n．家具，设备
9．possible adj.可能的， 可能性→impossible adj.不可能的→possibility n．可能(性)
10．willing adj.乐意的→unwilling adj.不乐意(的)
11．rough adj.粗糙的；粗暴的→roughly adv.大致地；粗糙地；粗略地
12．origin n．根源→original adj.最初的；原始的
13．imagine vi.& vt.设想，想象→imagination n．想象力→imaginary adj.想象中的；假想的；虚构的
14．thrill vt.使激动；使胆战心惊→thrilled adj.激动的→thrilling adj.令人激动的
1.仅“一字母之差”的单词
①statue n．雕像→status n．身份
②affect vt.影响→effect n．影响；效果
③adapt vt.适应→adopt vt.收养
④sweat n．汗水→sweet adj.甜的
⑤march n．前进→match n．比赛
⑥expand vt.扩张→expend vt.花费
2.前缀a高频表语形容词大全
①alike 相同的；类似的
②alive 活的；有活力的
③awake 醒着的
④ashamed 羞愧的
⑤alone 单独的
⑥alarmed 恐惧的
3.“高兴”家族
①delight n．& vt. (使)高兴；(使)喜悦
②delighted adj. 欣喜的；高兴的
③delightful adj. 令人高兴的
④happy adj. 愉快的；高兴的
⑤happiness n. 快乐；幸福
⑥joy n. 欢乐；高兴
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．consist__of 由……组成
2．divide...into 把……分成
3．break__away__(from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离
4．to__one’s__credit 为……带来荣誉；值得赞扬；在……名下
5．leave__out 省去；遗漏；不考虑
6．take__the__place__of 代替
7．break__down (机器)损坏；破坏
8．refer__to 谈到，说到；参考；涉及
9．make__a__list__of 把……列出清单
10．on__show 展览
11．in__memory__of 为了纪念
12．break__out 爆发
1.“to one’s＋n.”必备短语荟萃
①to one’s credit 为……带来荣誉
②to one’s astonishment 令某人惊奇的是
③to one’s delight/joy 令某人高兴的是
④to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是
⑤to one’s regret 使某人感到遗憾的是
⑥to one’s shame 使某人惭愧的是
2.各种“代替”表达法
①take the place of
②take one’s place
③replace sb./sth.
④in place of
⑤substitute for
⑥instead of
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：“keep/make＋宾语＋宾补”结构
You must keep__your__eyes__open if you are going to make__your__trip to the United Kingdom enjoyable__and__worthwhile.
要使你的英国之行愉快且值得，你就必须留心观察。
句型2：过去分词短语作状语
Worried__about__the__time__available,__Zhang Pingyu had made a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.
由于担心时间不够，张萍玉早就把她想要在伦敦参观的地点列了清单。
句型3：状语从句的省略
It looked splendid when__first__built！ 刚建成的时候，它看起来真是金碧辉煌！
句型4：It seemed strange that ...……似乎有点儿奇怪；should have done表示对过去发生的事情感到惊讶
It__seemed__strange__that the man who had developed communism should__have__lived__and__died__in__London． 这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)First, I wanted to be a fireman, whose uniform(制服) looked so cool.
2．We should settle conflicts(冲突) in a peaceful way, thus friendship comes into being.
3．Having quarrelled(争吵) with his wife about who should wash the dishes, he felt very upset.
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)You will certainly find the exhibition most enjoyable(enjoy) and fall in love with the art.
5．This is a good chance to go abroad, so she is unwilling(willing) to give it up.
6．(2019·北京卷)Another possibility(possible) is that when there is a lot of talent on a team, some players may make less effort.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·北京卷七选五)Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished in teams.Most people believe the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals. 完成
2．(2018·天津卷阅读B)The real McNay was splendid, but we felt nervous the whole time we were there.壮丽的，辉煌的
3．(2018·浙江卷6月阅读C)The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century. 流通
Ⅲ.派生词练习——用所给词的适当形式填空
1．Our department will be in charge of arranging the conference. Would you please give us some suggestions on the arrangement for it? (arrange)
2．Two days later, I was delighted to hand in all of my work on time, to my teacher’s delight. (delight)
3．There is a convenience store near my home，so it’s very convenient for me to go shopping. (convenient)
4．He described the robbery in detail to the policeman and his description was very valuable—the police caught the robber in a short time. (describe)
5．What attracts me most in Beijing is that there are many attractions,__like the Great Wall, the Summer Palace and so on. They are so attractive as to attract eyes from every corner of the world. (attract)
Ⅳ.选词成篇
leave out; make a list of; take the place of; consist of; be divided into; much to one’s delight
1．Much__to__our__delight,__the manager of our company will arrange a convenient time for us to visit the British Museum. No other museums can 2.take__the__place__of the British Museum, which attracts millions of visitors from all over the world every year. The British Museum 3.consists__of nine showrooms, one of which 4.is__divided__into several parts to display different historical collections.When we look around the showroom, it may seem strange that Britain should have taken so many valuable things from China. When visiting the British Museum, we had better 5.make__a__list__of the things we want to see if we don’t want to 6.leave__out anything valuable. I’m sure that we will learn a lot from the trip.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．保持环境清洁无污染是让人们生活健康的关键一步。
Keeping__the__environment__clean and free of pollution is the key step to make__life__healthy．
2．面对这么多要学的新东西，我会感到恐惧、迷茫，不知道该做什么。
Faced__with__so__many__new__things__to__learn,__I was overcome by fear and was at a loss what to do.
3．(2019·北京卷书面表达)在农场摘西瓜的时候，我意识到了劳动的真正含义。
While__picking__watermelons__on__the__farm,__I realized the real meaning of labour.
4．看起来很奇怪，他竟然拒绝了我们提出的行之有效的建议。
It__seemed__strange__that__he__should__have__rejected the practical suggestion put forward by us.
convenience n．便利；方便；便利的事物；便利设施
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2019·江苏卷)To enjoy the convenience(convenient) of digital payment，many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
②The secretary arranged a convenient(convenience) time and place for the applicants to have an interview.
③In the past several weeks，many cities in Northern China have been suffering from heavy fogs, causing great inconvenience(convenient) to people.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④如果您感兴趣，请在您方便的时候尽快发送申请邮件。
If you are interested, please send an application email at__your__earliest__convenience．
(1)for convenience 为了方便起见
at one’s convenience 在某人方便的时候
(2)convenient adj. 方便的；合适的
It is convenient for sb. to do sth.
某人方便做某事。
(3)inconvenience n． 不方便；不便
inconvenient adj. 不方便的
[佳句背诵] If it is convenient for you, let’s meet at 8：30 am outside the school gate. 如果你方便的话，我们上午8：30在学校门口外面见面。(全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
[名师点津] convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，常用it作形式主语。
attract vt.吸引；引起注意
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The company is starting a new campaign to__attract(attract) new customers to its stores.
②(全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top attraction(attract)．
③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)This attractive(attract) tour takes you to some of San Francisco’s most cheerful holiday scenes.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④吸引人们到西湖的是它的自然美景和丰富的文化底蕴。
What__attracts__people__to__the__West__Lake is its beautiful scenery and rich culture.
(1)attract one’s attention/mind
吸引某人的注意力
attract sb. to sth. 吸引某人关注某事
(2)attraction n． 有趣的东西；吸引人之物
a tourist attraction 旅游景点
(3)attractive adj. 有吸引力的；引起注意的
be attractive to 对……有吸引力
[佳句背诵] Therefore, the film industry should make greater efforts to attract more viewers.
因此，电影产业应该做出更大的努力来吸引更多的观众。(2017·江苏卷书面表达)
arrange vt.筹备；安排；整理
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①The company will arrange for a taxi to__meet(meet) you at the airport.
②If you are interested, please sign up at the office before 5：00 p．m. next Thursday so that we will make necessary arrangements(arrange)．
③I’d like to tell you that my classmates and I have arranged to__visit(visit) the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival.
[能力提升]——微写作
④(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)我们已经安排好这部短篇电影将于明天下午四点到五点半在我们学校剧院放映。
We__have__arranged__that__the__short__film__will__be__on__show from 16：00 to 17：30 at our school theatre tomorrow.
(1)arrange sth. for sb. 为某人安排某事
arrange (for sb.) to do sth. 安排(某人)做某事
(2)arrangement n. 布置；整理；安排
make arrangements for 安排好……
[佳句背诵] Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success. 父母为孩子们安排好一切，不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。
[名师点津] (1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb.to do sth.而不用arrange sb.to do sth.；
(2)make arrangements for中的arrangement常用复数形式。
delight n．快乐；高兴 vt.(使)高兴；(使)欣喜
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)Much to my delight, I have a good chance to tell you something about Chinese culture and table manners.
②I cannot tell you how delighted(delight) I was with the beautiful birthday present you gave me.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2019·天津卷书面表达)得知你要在即将到来的暑假给我们做一个关于西方艺术的讲座，我们非常高兴。
③We’re__more__than__delighted__to__know that you will give us a lecture about western art during the coming summer holiday. (delighted)
④What__delights__us__greatly__is__that you will give us a lecture about western art during the coming summer holiday. (delight vt.；主语从句)
(1)delight sb.with sth. 用某物使某人高兴
delight in (doing) sth. 以(做)某事为乐
(2)take (great) delight in 以……为乐
with delight 高兴地；愉快地
to one’s delight 使某人高兴的是
(3)delighted adj. 高兴的；快乐的
[佳句背诵] What delighted me was that I was chosen from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.
令我高兴的是，我从数百名申请者中被选中参加开幕式。
consist of 由……组成
[基础练习]——词汇替换
①As far as I know, the club is made up of eighteen members.
＝As far as I know, the club consists__of eighteen members.
＝As far as I know, eighteen members make__up the club.
[能力提升]——一句多译
(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)这部短片由两部分组成，介绍了我校的现状。
②The short film, consisting__of/made__up__of__two__parts,__introduces the present situation of our school.(分词作定语)
③The short film, which__consists__of/is__made__up__of__two__parts,__introduces the present situation of our school.(定语从句)
(1) 由……组成
(2)consist in＝lie in 存在于；在于
consist with 与……一致/相符
[佳句背诵] The company consisting of 15 small factories is facing a serious financial crisis. 这个由15个小工厂组成的公司正面临严重的财政危机。
[名师点津] consist of, belong to, come into being等几个短语都不能用于被动语态和进行时态。
take the place of 代替；取代
[基础练习]——用place的相关短语填空
①As we all know, the 32nd Summer Olympics will take__place in Tokyo in 2020.
②After the dinner, an expression of thanks to the host would be in__place．
[能力提升]——一句多译
经理将要出差，我将代替他参加会议。
③The manager will be away on business and I’ll take__his__place__to__attend the meeting.
④The manager will be away on business and I’ll take__the__place__of__him__to__attend the meeting.
⑤The manager will be away on business and I’ll attend__the__meeting__in__place__of__him．
(1)take one’s place 代替；就位
take place 发生
(2)in place 在适当的位置，适当
in place of 代替
[佳句背诵] When his secretary went on holiday, Miss Tyson took the place of her for a week.
他的秘书去休假的时候，泰森小姐替了她一个星期。
[名师点津] “代替某人”表达荟萃：
take the place of sb.
take one’s place
replace sb.
break down (机器)出故障；破坏；(谈判、计划等)失败；破裂；(身体)垮掉；分解
[一词多义]——写出下列句中break down的含义
①The peace talks broke down with no agreement reached.(谈判)失败
②Your health will break down if you always stay up late.(身体)垮掉
③It was bad luck that my car broke down on the way to Beijing.出故障
④Plastic bags are difficult to break down.(化学)分解
break away (from) 挣脱(束缚)；脱离
break off 中断；折断
break into 闯入
break out 爆发；发生
break up 分手；(婚姻关系)破裂
[佳句背诵] In my opinion, marriage based on money is bound to break up.
依我来看，以金钱为基础的婚姻注定会失败。
It seemed strange that... ……似乎有点儿奇怪；should have done表示对过去发生的事情感到惊讶
(教材P14)It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London. 这似乎是一件怪事：这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过，并且在伦敦去世。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①In my opinion，it is important that we (should)__value(value) our friends instead of phones in our real life.
[能力提升]——完成句子
②奇怪的是，王恒屹，一个三岁的男孩竟然掌握了如此多的汉字。
It is strange that Wang Hengyi, a threeyearold boy should__have__mastered__so__many__Chinese__characters．
③看上去似乎很奇怪，他竟然放弃了去国外进修的好机会。
It__seems__strange__that__he__should__have__given__up the good opportunity to go abroad for further study.
(1)It＋seems/seemed＋adj.＋that...好像……，似乎……
(2)should常用于主语从句中，为虚拟语气，表示“惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、理应如此”。
常用句式有：It is important/necessary/natural/strange that...。
[佳句背诵] It seems strange that the lady who has been cautious all the time should be cheated as well.
奇怪的是，那位一向谨慎的女士竟然也被骗了。
Ⅰ.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)
1．I think this was perhaps the most enjoyable(enjoy) occasion we have ever had at the White House.
2．(2017·江苏卷)This complete but brief historical collection(collect) is certain to entertain readers young and old, and guaranteed to present even the biggest history lover with something new!
3．I’m more than delighted to invite you to go to Xi’an which is one of the most famous tourist attractions(attract) in China.
4．There have been so many conflicts(conflict) in the world recently. As a result, people are concerned about the world peace.
5．With everything arranged(arrange), the manager left for England to attend an important business meeting.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
1．I think it no use quarrelling(quarrel) with him now and we must find solutions to the problem soon.
2．The football team, consisting(consist) of 22 players and 3 coaches, was set up about 3 years ago.
3．Divided(divide) into four groups, the whole class began to analyse the problem.
4．It is necessary that we (should)__be__exposed(expose) to different cultures to broaden our horizons.
5．(2018·天津卷)The possibility that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
Ⅲ.熟词生义(根据具体语境写出加黑词的词性及含义)
1．The company furnished the painter with the necessary information. vt.提供
2．(2018·天津卷完形)I learned this lesson from an experience many years ago.I took the head coaching job at a school in Baxley, Georgia. v．当……的教练；训练
3．One of the most significant collections of Etruscan art in Italy is housed at the Museo Guarnacci.vt.储藏
提能一 语段填空(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)
(一)
Last Sunday, my boss arranged 1.for me to pick up the experts at the airport, who were invited to come to our company to offer guidance. Unluckily, my car broke 2.down on the way.As a result, I had to ask my colleague, Mr.Wang, to drive his car to the airport to meet the experts. I know from this experience that it is necessary that I 3.should__keep(keep) my car in good condition from now on.
(二)
We are more than 1.delighted(delight) to have the opportunity to visit the museum. It consists 2.of three parts, one for 3.historical(history) architecture, one for painting, and another for statues, all of which will bring us much delight. For 4.convenience(convenient), all of us will 5.be__divided(divide) into three groups to see them and don’t break 6.away from your group in case you leave out important tourist 7.attractions(attract). I wish all of us have an 8.enjoyable(enjoy) time.
提能二 话题写作(用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
假设你是李华，你校的外教Lucy打算下周末去北京进行一次短途旅行，希望你推荐一个最值得去的景点。请你用英文回信，向她推荐颐和园。内容包括：①简要介绍颐和园(中国现存的最完整的皇家花园，著名景点包括昆明湖、万寿山、十七孔桥等)；②如有需要，愿意陪同前往。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本单元所学词汇)
①很高兴得知你要去北京进行一次短途旅行，我想向你推荐颐和园。
Delighted__to__hear__that__you__are__going__to__make__a__short__trip__to__Beijing,__I’d like to recommend the Summer Palace to you.
②它(颐和园)是中国现存的最完整的皇家花园。
It is the most complete imperial garden that__exists__in__China．
③颐和园是一个著名的旅游胜地，著名景点包括昆明湖、万寿山、十七孔桥和许多其他迷人的自然风景。
It__is__a__famous__tourist__attraction,__which consists__of Kunming Lake, Wanshou Hill, the 17Arch Bridge and many other attractive natural views.
④漫步在园中，你也许会奇怪古代中国人竟然能建造如此壮观的建筑物。
When you wander around it, it__may__seem__strange__to__you__that__the__ancient__Chinese__should__have__built__such__splendid__buildings．
⑤列出你想看的地方的清单，你就不会遗漏任何景点。(分词作宾补)
Make__a__list__of__what__you__want__to__see,__and you will not have__any__attractions__left__out．
⑥参观颐和园时，留心看以使你的旅行愉快。
While you are visiting the palace, keep__your__eyes__open__to__make__your__trip__enjoyable．
⑦如有需要，我愿意陪同前往，在途中向你详细介绍颐和园。
If necessary, I’m__willing__to__accompany__you__there__and__give__you__a__detailed__description__of__it during your trip.
2．升级平淡句
⑧用名词短语作同位语合并句①和句②
Delighted__to__hear__that__you__are__going__to__make__a__short__trip__to__Beijing,__I’d__like__to__recommend__the__Summer__Palace__to__you,__the__most__complete__imperial__garden__that__exists__in__China.
⑨用状语从句的省略形式升级句⑥
While__visiting__the__palace,__keep__your__eyes__open__to__make__your__trip__enjoyable.
3．衔接成美文(注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇：honestly speaking, finally)
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One possible version：
Dear Lucy，
Delighted to hear that you are going to make a short trip to Beijing, I’d like to recommend the Summer Palace to you, the most complete imperial garden that exists in China.
It is a famous tourist attraction, which consists of Kunming Lake, Wanshou Hill, the 17Arch Bridge and many other attractive natural views. Honestly speaking, when you wander around it, it may seem strange to you that the ancient Chinese should have built such splendid buildings. Make a list of what you want to see, and you will not have any attractions left out. Finally, while visiting the palace, keep your eyes open to make your trip enjoyable.
If necessary, I’m willing to accompany you there and give you a detailed description of it during your trip.
Yours，
Li Hua
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020·绍兴诊断性考试)In American countryside, the message we hear is this: Go and get an education. Leave your small town and make something of yourself. Success and opportunity are found elsewhere.
After graduating from a high school in Helena, Arkansas, I did go.
I went to Colby College in Maine. I had visited the school ahead of time, so I knew what I was getting myself into. I knew about the difference in weather. I understood the difference in social atmosphere. But I wanted to stretch myself and get out of my comfort zone. And you know what? I absolutely loved my time there. But one thing took me by surprise—the lack of countryside representation. Most of the other students at Colby were from big cities: New York, Boston, Los Angeles, San Francisco...And when I had conversations with these students—in or outside of class—we almost always focused on topics facing large American cities. In my education classes, it was always “urban this” and “urban that”．
It was like small town America didn’t exist.
And this urban interest doesn’t just happen in college. I went to an education conference a couple of years ago, and a professor—someone who had been at the forefront of educational reform—was there to deliver a keynote. I was chosen to be part of a small group that got to meet with him. So there we were, five or six of us sitting in a room, and I asked him, “What are your thoughts on the state of education in the countryside？” And this man was speechless.
I’ll never forget that moment. It speaks to a larger truth. Towns like mine are forgotten.
This trend of exporting talent and resources to our big cities—this mindset of leaving small towns and never coming back—I don’t want to add to that movement. I want to reverse that movement.
Now it’s my turn to help people younger than me. And you know what? I’m a sixth grade teacher in Helena now.
【解题导语】 本文作者通过自己的大学生活经历以及在一次教育会议上与一位教授进行交流的故事说明了美国的乡村正在逐渐被人遗忘的现象，作者也由此决定要帮助乡村中的年轻人。
1．What do people in American countryside think of the future of the youth at home?
A．Secure. B．Fragile.
C．Promising. D．Bright.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Leave your small town and make something of yourself. Success and opportunity are found elsewhere.”可知，在美国的乡村，年轻人的就业前景并不稳定，成功和机会都在别处。故选B项。
2．What did the author find in his college classroom?
A．Students chatted freely.
B．Countryside was ignored.
C．He was looked down upon.
D．Students concentrated on education.
B 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“And when I had conversations with these students...it was always ‘urban this’ and ‘urban that’．”和第四段“It was like small town America didn’t exist.”可知，作者在他的大学课堂中发现大家总是探讨与城市相关的问题，就好像乡村在美国不存在一样。也就是说，乡村被人们忽视了。故选B项。
3．What is the author doing now?
A．Teaching in a college.
B．Fighting for the movement.
C．Working with the professor.
D．Devoting himself to his hometown.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After graduating from a high school in Helena”可知，作者的家乡在海伦娜，再根据最后一段“Now it’s my turn to help people younger than me. And you know what? I’m a sixth grade teacher in Helena now.”可知，作者现在在家乡教书，帮助家乡中的年轻人，为家乡做贡献。故选D项。
B
Can you trust your very first childhood memories? Maybe not, a new study suggests.
Past studies show that people’s earliest memories typically form around 3 to 3.5 years of age. But in a recent survey of more than 6，600 people, British scientists have found that 39 percent of participants claimed to have memories from age 2 or younger. “These first memories are likely false，” the researchers said. This was particularly the case for middleaged and older adults.
For the study, researchers asked participants to describe their first memory and the age at which it occurred. Participants were told they had to be sure the memory was the one that had happened. For example, it shouldn’t be based on a photograph, a family story or any source other than direct experiences. Then the researchers examined the content, language and descriptive details of these earliest memories and worked out the likely reasons why people would claim to have memories from an age when memories cannot form.
As many of these memories dated before the age of 2, this suggests they were not based on actual facts, but facts or knowledge about their babyhood or childhood from photographs or family stories. “Often these false memories are fired by a part of an early experience, such as family relationships or feeling sad，” the researchers explained.
“We suggest that what a rememberer has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is...a mental representation consisting of remembered pieces of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood，” study author Shania Kantar said in a journal news release. “Additionally, further details may be unconsciously inferred or added. Such memorylike mental representations come, over time, to be collectively experienced when they come to mind, so for the individual, they quite simply are ‘memories’ which particularly point to babyhood.”
“Importantly, the person remembering them doesn’t know this is fictional，” study coauthor Martin Conway said. “In fact, when people are told that their memories are false, they often don’t believe it.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，人最早的记忆一般始于三岁到三岁半。在调查了六千多名调查对象之后，研究人员声称那些两岁时或更早的记忆是有误的。
4．What can we learn from the recent study?
A．Memories form after the age of 3.
B．Participants are good at telling stories.
C．Adults are likely to form false memories.
D．Earliest memories may play a trick on us.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句“‘These first memories are likely false，’ the researchers said.”可知，研究人员认为，这些人所认为的最初的记忆可能是错误的，并结合第四段、第五段分析的错误的最早记忆形成的原因可知D项正确。
5．What are these fictional early memories according to Kantar?
A．They are repeated mental representations.
B．They are a collection of early experiences.
C．They are a combination of both facts and fictions.
D．They are further details of remembered experiences.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，尽管这些回忆中许多发生在两岁之前，但是研究表明这些记忆不是基于事实，而是基于婴儿或儿童时期的照片或家庭故事；结合第五段中Kantar所说的话可知，Kantar认为人们所认为的最早的记忆结合了事实和虚构的成分，故C项正确。
6．Which part of a newspaper is this text probably taken from?
A．Society. B．Psychology.
C．Technology. D．Health.
B 解析：文章出处题。根据第五段中的“We suggest that what a rememberer has in mind when recalling fictional early memories is...a mental representation consisting of remembered pieces of early experiences and some facts or knowledge about their own babyhood or childhood”可知，虚构的最早的记忆是一种心理现象；结合全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一项关于最早记忆的研究，此项研究与心理学有关；据此可知，本文很可能摘自报纸的心理学版块，故B项正确。
【难句分析】 Then the researchers examined the content, language and descriptive details of these earliest memories and worked out the likely reasons why people would claim to have memories from an age when memories cannot form.
分析：句中why people would claim to have memories from an age when memories cannot form为why引导的定语从句，修饰先行词reasons，引导词在从句中作原因状语；其中when memories cannot form为when引导的时间状语从句。
译文：然后，研究人员检查了这些最早记忆的内容、语言和描述细节，并找出了人们声称拥有这些来自记忆无法形成的年龄的记忆的可能的原因。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·浙江六校协作体联考)Three in five people in the UK hold a library card. For some, library is a shelter from the stresses of daytoday life. 1.________ If you’re considering joining your local library, now is the time to do so. And if you need any more encouragement, here are several reasons why you should.
Most libraries in the UK allow members of the general public to come and go as they like. 2.________ You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.
3．________ Imagine just how many books you have at your fingertips with a library card. There are lots of modern ones, as well as original ones, and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time. It’s a priceless experience, especially for kids, and also a great way to level the educational playing field.
Libraries develop with times. They have changed greatly since decades ago. 4.________ Some libraries have apps so you can see when your books are due back and even reserve books in some cases. There are also libraries which let you access books in digital formats on your mobile device—pretty cool.
Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community. They have noticeboards to offer services like exercise classes or learning centers. 5.________
A．Libraries help people learn.
B．Libraries help educate the kids.
C．They create a great sense of community.
D．You can go in, settle down and read a book without being charged a penny.
E．Most libraries now have computers and allow people to borrow CDs and DVDs.
F．Libraries help us save money as we’re borrowing books rather than buying them.
G．For others, particularly the homeless and people in poverty, library is a lifeline to the world.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。图书馆是人们减压的好场所，在那里人们还可以免费学习文化知识。
1．G 解析：根据空前一句“For some, library is a shelter from the stresses of daytoday life.”可知，对一些人来说，图书馆是躲避日常生活压力的庇护所；据此可推知，空处应与此相对应，介绍其他人对图书馆的看法，故G项符合语境。
2．D 解析：根据空后一句“You can also take out a library card and borrow books for free, although you will inevitably face a fine for late returns.”可知，你也可以拿出借书证免费借书，不过如果逾期还书，你将不可避免地面临罚款；据此可推知，空处应是介绍在图书馆免费读书的情况，故D项符合语境，衔接上下文。且D项中的“You can”与空后一句中的“You can also”呼应。
3．A 解析：根据空处所在位置可知，空处为该段的主题句；结合对本段的整体理解，尤其是该段第三句“There are lots of modern ones, as well as original ones, and you can continue to expand your learning and vocabulary all the time.”可知，通过阅读，你可以拓展你的学习，扩大你的词汇量；据此可知，该段主要说明了图书馆可以帮助人学习，故A项正确。
4．E 解析：根据本段的主题句“Libraries develop with times.”和空后的“Some libraries have apps”可知，空处应是介绍现如今的图书馆利用现代技术设备的情况，故E项与此处匹配。
5．C 解析：根据该段第一句“Libraries are one of very few spaces left in towns and cities where members of the public can come together and actually be and feel like a community.”可知，图书馆能让公众聚集起来成为一个社区；结合空处位置可知，空处总结该段，即图书馆创造了一种社区意识，故C项正确。
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·舟山中学检测)Most of us are familiar with the “Silk Road”，a network of land trading routes which connected northwestern China to Europe since the Han Dynasty. With its recent 1.____________(popular), you may have heard of the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” as well, another network of land trading routes that connected China to various 2.____________(part) of Asia and Europe before sailing became common. Historically, the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” is no less 3.____________(value) than the “Silk Road”. And because of their respective locations(位置), sometimes the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” 4.____________(refer) to as the “Southern Silk Road”．
The “Ancient Tea Horse Road” got its name as Chinese tea and horses were the main products 5.____________(buy) and sold along the route. Historians have traced the origins of the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” back to the Tang Dynasty, 6.____________ tea was being transported out of Yunnan to Beijing, Tibet, and other places. The “Ancient Tea Horse Road” was 7.____________(far) developed during the Song and Ming Dynasties, and remained 8.____________ busy trading route all year round until the Qing Dynasty.
The “Ancient Tea Horse Road” served 9.____________ not only a trading route, but also a bridge connecting different races—such as Han and the Tibetan people. It is located near the “Roof of the World”， and is where many minority groups are located, 10.____________(make) it a spot of many attractions.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了茶马古道的相关情况。
1．popularity 解析：考查词性转换。空前是形容词，且形容词前是形容词性物主代词its，后面应接popular的名词形式。popularity“受欢迎”。
2．parts 解析：考查名词复数。空前为various，故part“区域，地区”用复数，故填parts。
3．valuable 解析：考查词性转换。根据空前的the “Ancient Tea Horse Road” is no less和空后的than可知，空处应填形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示茶马古道的重要性并不低于丝绸之路，故填valuable“很重要的”。
4．is referred 解析：考查动词的时态和语态。此处描述的是现在的客观情况，应该用一般现在时，主语与refer to之间是被动关系，故要用被动语态。注意：refer的过去式和过去分词应双写r再加ed。
5．bought 解析：考查非谓语动词。动词buy与前面的名词products构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词形式作后置定语，表示被动。注意：and后的sold也是暗示。
6．when 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。when为关系副词，在此引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面表示时间的先行词the Tang Dynasty，并在从句中作时间状语。
7．further 解析：考查副词的比较级。根据语境可知，此处说的是茶马古道的进一步发展情况，而far的比较级有两种形式：farther和further。在指距离的远近时，两者都可用，但是当用来表示“进一步”的意义时，只能用further。
8．a 解析：考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处说的是直到清代为止，茶马古道都是一条全年繁忙的贸易路线。此处表泛指，又因busy的发音以辅音音素开头，故填不定冠词a。
9．as 解析：考查介词。serve as sth.表示“可用作，可当……使”，故填介词as。as表示“作为”。
10．making 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处的非谓语动词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词making。
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