2021届高考英语人教版一轮创新教学案：第1编Book5Unit4　Makingthenews

Unit 4　Making the news


1．You were only looking at what_the_media_has_shown_you.
你只是在看媒体呈现给你的东西。
2．Differences—both real and imagined—are invariably exaggerated in the media and in society as a whole.
差别——不管是真实的还是主观想象的——总是被媒体和社会夸大。
3．In_conclusion,_media should not be seen simply as bad or good because we need to use information properly to the best of our ability.
总之，媒体不应被简单视为坏的或好的，因为我们需要尽我们所能正确地使用信息。
4．As_scheduled,_the_activity_is_supposed_to_take_place in our school auditorium at 2：00 next Friday afternoon.
按计划，活动于下周五下午两点在学校礼堂举行。

自主排查 夯基固本

Ⅰ　核心单词
(1)delighted (adj.) 快乐的；欣喜的→delight (n.) 快乐；高兴→delightful (adj.) 可爱的；可喜的；令人愉快的
(2)assist (vt.) 帮助；协助；援助→assistant (n.) 助手；助理；售货员
(3)concentrate (vi.& vt.) 集中；聚集→concentrated (adj.) 集中的；全力以赴的；浓缩的→concentration (n.) 集中；专心
(4)acquire (vt.) 获得；取得；学到→acquired (adj.) 已获得的；已成习惯的→acquisition (n.) 获得；取得；收购
(5)assess (vt.) 评估；评定→assessment (n.) 评定；估价
(6)inform (vt.) 告知；通知→information (n.) 资料；消息
(7)accuse (vt.) 指责；谴责；控告→accusing (adj.) 指责的
(8)demand (n.) 需求；要求 (vt.) 强烈要求→demanding (adj.) 要求很高的；费力的
(9)approve (vt.) 批准；赞成；认可→disapprove (反义词) (vt.) 不批准；不赞成→approval (n.) 赞成；批准；认可
(10)process (n.) 过程；程序；步骤 (vt.) 加工；处理→procession (n.) 行列；队伍

Ⅱ　阅读单词
(1)journalist (n.) 记者；新闻工作者
(2)editor (n.) 编辑
(3)admirable (adj.) 值得赞扬的；令人钦佩的
(4)eager (adj.) 渴望的；热切的
(5)update (vt.) 更新；使现代化
(6)meanwhile (adv.) 其间；同时
(7)case (n.) 情况；病例；案例
(8)publish (vt.) 出版；发行；发表；公布
(9)gifted (adj.) 有天赋的
(10)appointment (n.) 约会；任命

　[单句语法填空]
1.Our software, unless ________ (update) on a regular basis, may not serve us well in our work.
答案：updated
2．To welcome the foreign guests, we cleaned our school ________ (thorough) yesterday.
答案：thoroughly
3．He is a ________ (gift) musician and promises to be a famous musician.
答案：gifted
4．Not until one of his works ________ (publish) was he able to gain his confidence in writing.
答案：was published

5．You should phone his secretary if you want to make an ________ (appoint)．
答案：appointment
6．He took the first place in the exam and his parents were ________ (delight) to know about it.
答案：delighted
7．The truth is that the committee gave its ________ (approve) to the plan after giving it careful thought.
答案：approval
8．I was feeling a bit ________ (guilt) about having shouted at her.
答案：guilty
9．He is so ________ (usual) that sometimes no one knows what he says.
答案：unusual
10．They advise children ________ (acquire) good habits.
答案：to acquire

联想积累
“赞成”与“反对”的高频词汇荟萃
(1)赞成；支持
①approve vt. 批准；赞同　②support vt.& n. 支持
③favour vt.& n. 赞成 ④be in favour of 支持
(2)反对
①oppose vt. 反对 ②object vi. 反对
③object to 反对 ④be opposed to 反对
⑤be against 反对


1．be_delighted_to_do_sth. 很高兴做某事
2．be_eager_to_do_sth./for_sth. 渴望做某事/得到某物
3．concentrate_on 集中；全神贯注于
4．inform_sb._of_sth. 通知某人某事
5．depend_on 依靠；依赖；取决于
6．accuse ... of ... 因……指责/控告……
7．so as to (do sth.) 为了(做)……
8．ahead of 在……前面
9．approve of ... 赞同/赞成……
10．make an appointment with ... 与……约会/预约

　[选词填空]
accuse ... of ..., depend on, ahead of, approve of, inform ... of ... , so as to
1．He was the sort of person you could ________.
答案：depend on
2．Mr Smith ________ the young man ________ lying.
答案：accused; of
3．Please keep us ________ the latest development about our club.
答案：informed of
4．We finished the work several days ________ the deadline.
答案：ahead of
5．Her father will never ________ her marriage to you.
答案：approve of
6．We should learn from past mistakes ________ avoid falling into the same trap again.
答案：so as to

联想积累
1．“动词＋on”必备短语一览
①work on 从事
②get on 取得进展；相处
③look on 旁观；观看
④call on 拜访；号召
⑤fix on 使集中于……
⑥switch/turn on 打开
⑦rely/depend on 依靠
⑧take on 呈现；承担
⑨hold on 不挂断；坚持
⑩try on 试穿
⑪base ... on ... 以……为基础
⑫carry on 继续；坚持；进行
⑬go on 继续
⑭put on 穿上；上演
2．“v.＋sb.＋of＋sth.”结构大集合
①inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事
②warn sb. of sth. 警告/告诫某人某事
③cure sb. of sth. 治愈某人某病；矫正某人的不良行为
④remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事
⑤suspect sb. of sth. 怀疑某人某事
⑥rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人某物
⑦convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
⑧accuse sb. of sth. 因某事指责/控告某人
⑨rid sb. of sth. 使某人摆脱某物


课文原句
句式梳理
仿写训练
1.A footballer was accused of taking money for deliberately not scoring goals so as to let the other team win.
一个足球运动员被控告受贿，故意不进球，好让另一队赢球。
so as to do ... 相当于in order to do ... “为了……”，但是so as to不能置于句首，in order to可以置于句首。
The next afternoon, in a nearby community, we delivered a speech ___________________________________ of protecting the environment.
第二天下午，我们在附近的社区发表演讲，为的是提高人们的环保意识。
2.So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him.
因此我们安排这名球员和被认为对他行贿的人一起接受采访。
be supposed to do “应该做……”
Everyone ____________________ gather at the school gate exactly at 1：30 pm, Friday.
每个人应该在周五下午一点半准时在学校大门口集合。

答案：1.so as to raise people's awareness　2.is supposed to

直击重点 突破考点

①inform　vt. 通知；告知(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
①We regret ________ (inform) you that we can't help you.
②Don't worry. We'll keep you ________ (inform) while you're away.
③Pat refused to give her any ________ (inform) about Sarah.
答案：①to inform　②informed　③information
(2)单句改错
They will inform him any progress they have made.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：him后加of/about


inform sb. of/about sth. 通知某人某事
inform sb. that ... 告知某人……
keep sb. informed of ... 通知某人……；使某人知道/了解……
information n. 消息；信息

②case　n. 情况；病例；案例(P26)

单句写作
①______________， we should get our bikes inside the house.
我们应该把自行车放到屋里，以防下雨。
②You like Chinese. ______________， why not choose to go to college in China?
你喜欢中文。这样的话，为什么不选择在中国上大学呢？
③____________ should you forget your task.
你决不能忘记自己的任务。
答案：①In case of rain/In case it rains　②In this case　③In no case


in case of ... 假使……；如果……
in case 以防万一(引导状语从句时，从句谓语用一般现在时代替一般将来时)
in any case 无论如何；不管怎样
in this/that case 如果这样/那样的话；在这种/那种情况下
in no case 决不
as is often the case 情况通常是这样

(1)case意为“情况；情形”时，若为定语从句的先行词，且从句中缺少状语时，定语从句的引导词多用where。若从句中缺少主语或宾语，则定语从句的引导词多用that/which。类似的还有：point, situation, stage, position等。
(2)in case后接从句时，不加that。
(3)in no case置于句首时，句子采用部分倒装。

③demand　n. 要求；需求　vt. 强烈要求(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
①He demanded ________ (try) again.
②People demanded that all the facts ________ (make) public.
③It seemed that no matter what she did, more was demanded ________ her.
答案：①to try　②(should) be made　③of
(2)单句写作
①As is known, good teachers are always ______________________________.
众所周知，社会总是需要大量的优秀教师。
②I ____________________ the headmaster.
我强烈要求见校长。
答案：①in great demand　②demanded to see


(1)demand to do sth. 坚决/强烈要求做某事
demand that ... (should) do sth. 要求……做某事

(2)be in (great) demand 急需；需求(量)大
on demand 一经要求
meet the demand for sth. 满足对某物的需求

(1)demand后的宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句常用虚拟语气，即谓语动词常用should do形式， should可以省略。
(2)“要求/请求某人做某事”可以用ask sb. to do sth.，但不能说demand sb. to do sth.。

④approve　vt. 赞成；认可；批准(P30)

(1)单句语法填空
①The building ________ (approve) in 2010, two years after the design competition.
②She does not approve ________ me/my leaving school this year.
答案：①was approved　②of
(2)单句改错
The plan was submitted to the committee for official approve.
_________________________________________________________________
答案：approve→approval


(1)approve sth. 通过、批准某事
approve of sth./sb. 赞同、赞成某事/某人
approve of sb./one's doing sth. 同意某人做某事
(2)approval n. 批准；认可；同意；赞同
give (one's) approval to 批准
(3)disapprove vt. 不赞成；不批准；不认可
(4)disapproval n. 不批准；不赞成；不同意

同意某人做某事所用的approve of sb./one's doing sth.结构中，介词of后是v.­ing的复合结构。

①concentrate on 集中在；专心于(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
As students, ________ (concentrate) is the first requirement for learning.
答案：concentration
(2)单句改错
I can't concentrate to my studies with that noise going on.
____________________________________________________________
答案：to→on
(3)单句写作
We must ________________ protecting our intangible cultural heritage.
我们必须致力于保护我们的非物质文化遗产。
答案：concentrate our efforts on


(1)concentrate on (doing) sth. 专心(做)某事
concentrate one's attention/energy/efforts/mind on sth. 集中注意力/精力/思想于某事
(2)concentration n. 集中；专心

be absorbed in ... 专心于……
fix/focus ... on ... 集中……于……
pay attention to ... 注意……；留心……
apply oneself to ... 专心于……
put one's heart into ... 专心于……
keep one's mind on ... 专心于……
包括concentrate on在内的这些短语中的in, to, on均为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词形式。

②depend on 依靠；依赖；取决于(P26)

单句写作
①Whether you feel happy or not ____________ your attitude to what happens to you.
你是否感觉幸福取决于你对发生在你身上的事情的态度。
②You may ________________ he will help you.
你可以指望他帮助你。
③I don't know if we can help；______________.
我不知道我们能不能帮上忙，那要看情况而定。
答案：①depends on/upon　②depend on/upon it that　③it (all) depends/that depends


(1)depend on/upon sb./sth. 依靠、依赖某人/物
depend on/upon sb. to do sth. 依靠某人做某事
depend on/upon it that ... 相信；指望……
(2)It (all) depends./That depends. 视情况而定。
(3)independent adj. 独立的；自主的
(4)independence n. 独立

③accuse ... of ... 因……指责或控告……(P26)

(1)单句语法填空
________ (accuse) of murder, the man was put into prison.
答案：Accused
(2)单句写作
①Don't ____________________ lying without concrete proof.
没有确凿的证据就不要指责别人撒谎。
②______________ acting dishonestly, he began to behave himself in everything.
被指控行为不诚实/不端，他开始规范自己的所作所为。
答案：①accuse anyone of　②Accused of/Charged with


(1)accuse sb. of (doing) sth. 指责/控告某人(做)某事
be accused of 被指控……
(2)charge sb. with (doing) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
be charged with 被指控……

①[教材原句]Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper. (P26)
周阳将永远不会忘记他在一家畅销英文报报社的第一项工作任务。

单句写作
①Never in all my life ________________ such a horrible thing.
我一辈子也没见过这么恐怖的事。
②Not only ________________ the qualifications for the job, but I have the right personality for it.
我不仅具备做好这项工作的资格，而且具备相应的人格魅力。
③Hardly __________________________ on the stage when the audience rose and cheered.
那位歌手一出现在舞台上观众就站起来欢呼。
答案：①have I seen　②do I have　③had the singer appeared


此句为倒装句：
(1)否定副词never置于句首，句子需用部分倒装结构，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词be提到主语之前。
(2)常用的否定副词和含有否定意义的介词短语还有not, little, seldom, hardly, scarcely, neither, nor, at no time, by no means, in no case, in no way, on no condition等。

②[教材原句]His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin(HX), was to strongly influence his life as a journalist. (P26)
他与他的新老板胡欣的讨论对他的记者生涯必将产生强烈的影响。

(1)单句语法填空
The books in this room are not to ________ (take) outside.
答案：be taken
(2)单句写作
①The flower ____________ without being watered frequently.
不经常浇水的话，这株花就会死掉。
②As scheduled, all of us ____________ outside of the school gate at seven o'clock.
按计划，我们大家将于7点钟在校门口外集合。
③If you ______________， you have to work harder.
如果你想成功，你必须更加努力学习。
答案：①is to die　②are to meet/gather　③are to succeed


“be to＋动词原形”的常见用法：
(1)表示不可避免将要发生或以后注定要发生的事情。
(2)表示“按计划、安排要做某事或打算做某事”。
(3)语气上接近于should, must, ought to, have to，表示命令、吩咐或禁止的语气。
(4)用于if, even if/though从句中表示对未来的假设。

课文回练 升华运用
Zhou Yang will never forget his first assignment as a __1__ (report) at the office of a popular English newspaper. At the office, his talk with his new boss influenced __2__ (he) life strongly. His boss first put him as an assistant to an __3__ (experience) journalist and later allowed him to cover a story and submit the article himself. During the interview, he had to listen for __4__ (detail) facts and prepare the next question depending on __5__ the person said. If the interviewee agreed, he could use a recorder to get the facts straight. The boss also gave him __6__ example of the importance of a recorder. Once a footballer was accused __7__ taking money for __8__ (deliberate) not scoring goals to let the other team win. He admitted that someone had tried to bribe him, but denied __9__ (take) money. The recording __10__ (prove) that he was guilty.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
答案：1.reporter　2.his　3.experienced　4.detailed　5.what　6.an　7.of　8.deliberately　9.taking　10.proved

基础达标 自主训练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．We must concentrate our effort on ________ (find) ways to reduce costs.
答案：finding　concentrate one's effort on ... “集中精力……”，on为介词，故填动名词finding。
2．They study hard ________ (acquire) a good knowledge of English.
答案：to acquire　此处不定式在句中作目的状语。
3．I'll keep you ________ (inform) of the progress made at any time.
答案：informed　keep sb. informed of sth. “通知某人某事/使某人了解某事”。
4．It is difficult ________ (assess) the effects of these changes.
答案：to assess　It is＋adj.＋to do sth. “做某事是……的”。
5．You can never depend on it ________ he can arrive on time.
答案：that　depend on it that “指望/相信……”。
6．—Are you ________ (accuse) me of lying to the headmaster?
—I'm sure you did.
答案：accusing　accuse sb. of (doing) sth. “指责/控告某人(做)某事”。本句是一般疑问句，谓语动词用现在进行时。
7．All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to ________ (receive) in time for Christmas.
答案：be received　so as to do ... “为了做……”，gifts与receive之间为被动关系，故应填be received。
8．There are cases ________ this rule does not work.
答案：where　若定语从句的先行词为抽象地点名词case, stage, point, position, condition等时，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导定语从句，本句属于这种情况。
9．He left the classroom without the ________ (approve) of the teacher.
答案：approval　由空格前的“the”和空格后的“of”可知，设空处应填名词形式，即approval。
10．People demanded that the injured ________ (take) to hospital at once.
答案：(should) be taken　demand意为“要求”，后跟宾语从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。主语the injured与动词take之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。
Ⅱ.单句写作
1．At the class meeting, our monitor ________________ (告诉我们) the exciting news—the English Song Singing Competition was to be held on Friday.
答案：informed us of
2．Never ________________ (他将……忘记) his first time to be showed around Beijing.
答案：will he forget
3．Hardly __________________________ when it began to move.
我一上火车，火车就开动了。
答案：had I boarded the train
4．_______________________________________________________________
我非常高兴收到你送的花，它们使我的客厅变得如花园一般。(be delighted to do)
答案：I was very delighted to receive your flowers, which turned my living room into a garden.
5．________________________________________________________________
让我们努力工作以便创造一个和谐的社会。
答案：Let's work hard so as to create a harmonious society.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2020·惠州市高三第一次调研考试试题)Today, Mount Qomolangma's peak is not a lonely place any more. Over 3,500 people have __1__ (successful) climbed the mountain over the past year. Meanwhile, climbers have complained about __2__ (wait) for hours in the bottlenecks.
In fact, the dangerous __3__ (crowd) aren't the only problem. All those climbers need __4__ (bring) a lot of gear (设备), much of which ends up being left on the mountain. It is becoming the world's __5__ (tall) rubbish dump.
But the good news is __6__ some mountaineers have started to clean up Qomolangma. Mountaineers Paul and Eberhard are part of Eco Everest Expedition, which has been cleaning up rubbish since 2008. So far they __7__ (collect) over 13 tons of garbage.
Some of that rubbish is even being used for __8__ higher purpose. As part of the Mount Everest 8848 Art Project, a group of 15 artists from Nepal collected 1.5 tons of garbage. They've changed the cans and oxygen tanks into 74 pieces of art that have already been exhibited __9__ Nepal's capital. Part of the profit from sales __10__ (be) available for the Everest Peakeers Association which has helped collect rubbish off the mountain.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________
5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________
9．________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了珠穆朗玛峰的污染情况以及现在采取的应对污染的措施和取得的进步。
1．successfully　考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词应用副词，故填successfully。
2．waiting　考查非谓语动词。此处介词about之后应用动名词形式，故填waiting。
3．crowds　考查名词。根据空格前的形容词dangerous可知，空格处应用名词形式，crowd“人群”为可数名词，且句子的谓语aren't为复数形式，所以应用复数形式crowds。
4．to bring　考查非谓语动词。此处表示所有这些登山者都需要带着大量设备，故此处用need to do sth. “需要做某事”。
5．tallest　考查形容词的最高级。根据句中的the world's表述“全世界范围内的”可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级tallest。
6．that　考查表语从句的连接词。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，此处引导表语从句，引导词在从句中不充当成分，无语意，仅起连接作用，故用that引导该从句。
7．have collected　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语So far可知，此处表示截止到现在已收集的垃圾数量，所以应用现在完成时；又主语they为复数，故填have collected。
8．a　考查冠词。此处表示“一个更高的目标”，表泛指，在文中第一次提到，且higher的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。
9．in　考查介词。根据句意可知，此处表示“在尼泊尔的首都”，故填in “在(某范围或空间内的)某一点”。
10．is　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时；该句主语为“Part of the profit from sales”，表示单数概念，应填is。
Ⅳ.短文改错
I live in a small town in the south. This is typical Chinese town. There is only two main streets which across in the middle of the town. Around the town stand a high wall, which was built long ago, and it is still possibly to walk along it. No motorcars are allowed in the business streets, that makes shopping very easier and safer. On warm days some small restaurants put table and chairs outside the houses to let people to take a rest and have some tea or ice cream. There are no tall buildings but some beautifully parks.
答案：
I live in a small town in the south. This is typical Chinese town. There only two main streets which in the middle of the town. Around the town a high wall, which was built long ago, and it is still to walk along it. No motorcars are allowed in the business streets, makes shopping ∕ easier and safer. On warm days some small restaurants put and chairs outside the houses to let people take a rest and have some tea or ice cream. There are no tall buildings but some parks.
难项分析：
第三处：across→cross　考查动词。该句为which引导的定语从句，先行词为two main streets，从句中缺少谓语动词，故将across改为cross。
第四处：stand→stands　考查倒装句式。该句主语为a high wall，故将stand改为stands。
第七处：very→much或去掉very　考查副词。easier与safer为形容词比较级，应用much来修饰。或把very去掉。

课时作业
Ⅰ.阅读理解

(2020·石家庄市重点高中高三毕业班摸底考试)If you want to know the world, you must know famous global media. Here are four well－known ones recommended to help you learn about world affairs without leaving home.
The Sun (http：//www. thesun. co. uk)
The Sun is a popular newspaper owned by News Corporation founded by Keith Rupert Murdoch. It is filled with the jokes about heads of state and major events both inside and outside Britain such as mayor's trousers not being tied properly, politicians sleeping during conferences and so on. Its lively and popular style just meets the taste of the lower classes. Now its annual circulation (发行量) has reached 23,100,000 copies.
Daily Mail (http：//www. dailymail. co. uk)
Daily Mail, compared to The Sun, is a little more serious. Reading the Daily Mail can not only understand major political and economic events, but also read some relaxing and helpful contents. Well－known for female favorite topics, it is extremely popular with middle－class housewives. Now its annual circulation has come to 20,930,000 copies.
The Onion (http：//www. theonion. com)
Tne Onion is the most popular satirical (讽刺的) magazine in the United States with a circulation of 6,900,000 copies a year, covering domestic, foreign and local news and including entertaining newspapers and websites. Most onion readers are between 18 and 44 years old.
The New Yorker (https：//www. newworker. com)
The New Yorker is a comprehensive magazine of America. It focuses on non－fiction, including reports and comments on politics, international affairs, popular culture, art, science, technology and business. It also publishes literary works, but mainly short stories and poems, as well as humorous sketches (小品) and its unique style of the New Yorker cartoons. Its annual circulation adds up to 10,209,000 copies.
篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个世界知名媒体，即《太阳报》《每日邮报》《洋葱》和《纽约客》，包括这些媒体的内容、特点、阅读对象以及发行量等。
1.Which medium has the largest annual circulation？
A.The Sun. B．Daily Mail.
C.The New Yorker. D．The Onion.
答案：A　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“the largest circulation”定位至每个媒体介绍的发行量处；由第二段中的“23,100,000 copies”，第三段中的“20,930,000 copies”，第四段中的“6,900,000 copies a year”以及第五段中的“10,209,000 copies”可知，《太阳报》的年发行量最大，故A项正确。
2.According to the text, who may be the most loyal readers of Daily Mail？
A.Young people. BMiddle－class women.
C.Lower classes. DPoliticians.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“the most loyal readers of Daily Mail”定位到第三段倒数第二句“Well－known for female favorite topics, it is extremely popular with middle－class housewives.”，由该句可知，中产阶级的妇女是《每日邮报》最忠实的读者，故B项正确。
3.Which topic is least likely to be published in The New Yorker？
A.A poem. BA short story.
C.A humorous sketch. DA novel.
答案：D　细节理解题。根据尾段倒数第二句“It also publishes literary works, but mainly short stories and poems, as well as humorous sketches (小品)”可知，《纽约客》还出版文学作品，但主要是短篇故事和诗歌，以及幽默小品等，据此可知，小说最没有可能在《约纽客》发表，故选D。

(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)Before the 1830s, most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
The trend, then, was toward the“penny paper”—a term referring to papers made widely available to the public. It meant any inexpensive newspaper；perhaps more importantly it meant newspapers that could be bought in single copies on the street.
This development did not take place overnight. It had been possible(but not easy)to buy single copies of newspapers before 1830, but this usually meant the reader had to go down to the printer's office to purchase a copy. Street sales were almost unknown. However, within a few years, street sales of newspapers would be commonplace in eastern cities. At first the price of single copies was seldom a penny—usually two or three cents was charged—and some of the older well­known papers charged five or six cents. But the phrase “penny paper” caught the public's fancy, and soon there would be papers that did indeed sell for only a penny.
This new trend of newspapers for“the man on the street” did not begin well. Some of the early ventures (企业) were immediate failures. Publishers already in business, people who were owners of successful papers, had little desire to change the tradition. It took a few youthful and daring businessmen to get the ball rolling.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国报纸大众化的发展过程。
4.Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s？
A.Academic. BUnattractive.
C.Inexpensive. DConfidential.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句可知，当时的美国报纸既枯燥又在视觉上令人生畏，故选unattractive “不吸引人的”。
5.What did street sales mean to newspapers？
A.They would be priced higher.
B.They would disappear from cities.
C.They could have more readers.
D.They could regain public trust.
答案：C　推理判断题。根据第二段和第三段可知，报纸当时的变化趋势是越来越面向大众，变得更便宜，而且在街上就可以买到一份报纸，由此可推断报纸的街头销售意味着“报纸可以拥有更多的读者”，故选C项。
6.Who were the newspapers of the new trend targeted at？
A.Local politicians. BCommon people.
C.Young publishers. DRich businessmen.
答案：B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，报纸发展的新趋势的目标读者是普通人，故选B项。
7.What can we say about the birth of the penny paper？
A.It was a difficult process.
B.It was a temporary success.
C.It was a robbery of the poor.
D.It was a disaster for printers.
答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，报纸的大众化新趋势进展得并不容易，经过了早期一些企业的失败，然后通过一些年轻而勇敢的商人的努力才成功，由此推知，大众报的出现不是一帆风顺的，故选A项。
Ⅱ.七选五
(2020·安徽省合肥市八校高三第一次联考)Have you ever been bored and decided to check social media, only to find out that your best friend is at Disneyland, that one of your classmates is eating delicious pizza at your favorite pizza store, and that one of your soccer teammates is climbing the Eiffel Tower in Paris? Have you ever had that feeling that others are experiencing things and enjoying life more than you are? Oh, man! You're missing out! __1__ Researchers call that feeling the fear of missing out or FoMO.
__2__ It's so easy today to see what your friends are doing from the social media. Unluckily, we only have so much time in the day and only so much money to spend on food or entertainment. It would be impossible for us to enjoy all the same activities we see others take part in on social media.
Rather than realizing this basic truth, though, we usually let FoMO lead us to compare our lives with those of others on social media. __3__ Why? We know all the sides of our lives—both good and bad, but all we see on social media are the picture­perfect moments others share.
__4__ FoMO makes us check social media more frequently, leading to addiction and a negative cycle that can be hard to break. Researchers have found that social media and FoMO can cause serious negative results, including feeling of depression, loneliness and boredom.
__5__ Researchers advise that we stop looking to social media for happiness. Instead, we should focus our attention on our real lives, including the people around us and all the things we're grateful for.
A.Have you ever experienced FoMO？
B.At least that's what you might think.
C.This certainly leaves us feeling dissatisfied.
D.So how do we break the cycle and avoid FoMO？
E.Over 75% of young people report feeling FoMO from time to time.
F.As famous Theodore Roosevelt said, “Comparison is the thief of joy”.
G.If you let FoMO control you, the only thing you'll really be missing out on is your own life.
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了社交媒体对人们的影响，呼吁人们关注自身周围真实的世界。
1.B　根据上文“Have you ever had that feeling that others are experiencing things and enjoying life more than you are? Oh, man! You're missing out！”可知此处讲述人们自己的感受。故B项“At least that's what you might think.”(至少你会这么想)很好地承接上文，并引出下文。故选B项。
2.E　E项“超过75%的年轻人说他们时不时会有情绪低落的感觉。”即指上文“that feeling the fear of missing out or FoMO”，同时引出下文对于这种感觉的说明。故选E项。
3.C　根据上文“Rather than realizing this basic truth, though, we usually let FoMO lead us to compare our lives with those of others on social media.”可知人们通常与其他人进行比较，C项“This certainly leaves us feeling dissatisfied.”(这会使我们不舒服)说明与他人比较的结果。故选C项。
4.F　本段主要讲的是FoMO会使我们产生消极情绪，根据上文可知，我们之所以会产生这种情绪是因为会进行比较，F项用名人名言引出本段内容。故选F项。
5.D　根据下文“Researchers advise that we stop looking to social media for happiness.”可知研究人员给出了解决办法，故D项“So how do we break the cycle and avoid FoMO？”引出下文。故选D项。
Ⅲ.语法填空
The cheongsam is a female dress with distinctive Chinese features and enjoys growing __1__ (popular) in the international world of high fashion. The name “cheongsam” __2__ (mean) simply “long dress” entered the English vocabulary from the dialect of China's Guangdong Province. In other parts of the country including Beijing, however, it __3__ (know) as “qipao”， which has a history behind it.
After the early Manchu (满族的) rulers came to China, the Manchu women wore __4__ (normal) a one­piece dress which came to be called “qipao”. __5__ the 1911 Revolution ended the rule of the Qing Dynasty, the female dress survived the political change and, with later improvements, has become the traditional dress for Chinese women.
The cheongsam, __6__ neck is high, collar closed, fits well the Chinese female figure, and its sleeves may be short, medium or full __7__ (long), depending on seasons or tastes. In addition, it is not too complicated __8__ (make). Nor __9__ it need too much material. Another beauty of the cheongsam is that it can be worn either __10__ casual or formal occasions. In either case, it creates an impression of simple and quiet charm, elegance and neatness.
1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________　9.________　10.________
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对中国特色服装旗袍作了简要说明。
1.popularity　考查词性转换。此处应用名词作enjoys的宾语，故填popularity，且popularity为不可数名词。
2.meaning　考查非谓语动词。空处和句子谓语entered之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词，且句子主语The name与mean之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。
3.is known　考查动词的时态和语态。此处是对客观情况的一般性描述，应用一般现在时；it与know之间为被动关系，故用被动语态。
4.normally　考查词性转换。修饰动词应用副词，故用normally在句子中作状语。
5.Although/Though/While　考查连词。此句为让步状语从句，故填连词Although/Though/While。
6.whose　考查定语从句的引导词。分析句子结构可知，应用whose引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作定语。
7.length　考查词性转换。由空格前的形容词full可知，空处应用名词length。
8.to make　考查非谓语动词。此处为固定用法：too ... to do sth.意为“太……而不能做某事”。
9.does　考查倒装句。否定副词放句首，句子要用部分倒装，即助动词放在主语之前；由本段的时态可知，应用一般现在时，故填does。
10.on　考查介词。on ... occasion意为“在……场合下”，为固定搭配，符合语境，故用介词on。
Ⅳ.书面表达
在2018年10月9号上体育课时，高二(1)班的李英不小心摔伤右腿，一位名叫李刚的同学立刻把她送到了校医院。作为校报记者，请你就此写一则英文，并报道发表在校报英文版上。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
　
　
　
[精彩范文]
On October 9th, 2018, Li Ying from Class 1, Senior 2 got injured in the PE class. A student named Li Gang took her to the school hospital at once.
When racing, Li Ying fell over and hurt her right leg. On seeing that, Li Gang went immediately to help her. After wrapping her leg quickly, Li Gang took Li Ying to our school hospital in no time. After being treated, Li Ying could walk slowly and she was very grateful to him for his kindness.
All the teachers and students thought highly of Li Gang and they said that he had set a good example.