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一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√
disaster n． flood n.
hurricane n. tornado n.
lightning n. column n.
current n. feather n.
wave n. ash n.
erupt vt. eruption n.
volcano n. previous adj.
worldwide adj.
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．cause vt. 引起；导致
2．bury vt. 埋葬
3．occur vi. 发生
4．ruin vt. 毁坏
5．earthquake n. 地震
6．active adj. 积极的；活跃的
7．damage n．& v. 损失；损害
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．experience vt.经历→experienced adj.有经验的
2．furnish v．装备；配备→furniture n．家具
3．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的→violently adv.强烈地；激烈地→violence n．暴力
4．strike vt.& n．(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击→struck(过去式) →stricken/struck(过去分词)
5．possible adj.可能的→likely/probable(近义词)→possibility n．可能；可能性
6．terrify vt.使惊恐；使受惊吓→terrifying adj.吓人的；可怕的→terrified adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的
7．luck n．运气，好运→lucky adj.幸运的→luckily adv.幸运地；幸亏
8．thankful adj.感激的→thankfully adv.感激地；满怀感谢地
9．hope vt.& n．希望→hopefully adv.满怀希望地；有希望地→hopeful adj.满怀希望的；有希望的
10．sad adj.悲伤的→sadly adv.伤心地；不幸地→sadness n．悲伤
11．fortune n．运气；财富→fortunately adv.幸运地；幸亏→fortunate adj.幸运的
12．warn v．警告→warning n．警告
1.“发生”词汇大全
①occur (偶然)发生
②happen (偶然)发生
③take place (计划等)发生
④come about 发生；产生(尤指不受控制地)
⑤break out (灾害等)爆发
2.后缀ly副词小结
①thankfully 感激地
②truly 真正地
③bravely 勇敢地
④quietly 安静地
⑤similarly 相似地
⑥fluently 流利地
3.“损害”动词家族
①damage 损害
②destroy 毁坏
③ruin 毁坏
④harm 损害
⑤injure 损害
⑥hurt 损害
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．pick__up 卷起；掀起；(偶然)学会
2．put__down 记下；放下；镇压
3．take__off 去掉；突然成功；休假
4．on__average 平均起来
5．end__up 结果为……，以……结束
6．set__fire__to 放火(焚烧)……
7．catch__fire 着火
8．put__out 扑灭(火)
9．take__place 发生
10．in__all 总共；总计
1.fire相关短语大观园
①set fire to 放火(焚烧)……
②set ...on fire 放火(焚烧)……
③catch fire 着火(表示动作)
④be on fire 着火(表示状态)
⑤put out the fire 扑灭火
⑥make/light/start a fire 点火；生火
2.all相关短语荟萃
①in all 总共；总计
②after all 毕竟
③not at all 一点也不
④first of all 首先
⑤all in all 总的来说
⑥above all 最重要的是
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
They can destroy houses, but leave__the__furniture__inside__exactly__where__it__was．
它们(龙卷风)能够毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
句型2：现在分词短语作结果状语
On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing__about__80__deaths and 1，500 injuries.
平均来说，美国每年发生800场龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1 500人受伤。
句型3：there is/was the possibility of... 表示“有……的可能性”
When the lava reached the sea, there__was__the__possibility__of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.
当岩浆涌进大海时，有可能引发足以淹没半个岛屿的巨大浪潮。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词
1．As we all know, the red light is a warning(警告) sign for stop.
2．In previous(以前的) time, I didn’t realise how valuable his advice was.
3．(2018·天津卷)The possibility(可能性) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
4．A good idea struck(想起) me while I was walking along the river.
5．One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is an increase in the number of natural disasters(灾难)．
B．根据所给单词写出适当形式
6．With his reputation damaged(damage), he regretted having done so.
7．The heavy snow lasted for a week, causing(cause) a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
8．He sat there silently, with his head buried(bury) in his hands.
9．An unexpected storm occurred(occur) when we were enjoying the pleasant voyage at the Yellow Sea.
10．It rained nonstop for ten days, completely ruining(ruin) our holiday.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·浙江卷6月)But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions: “Who are you? What antique shop？” 大量送至
2．(2019·浙江卷6月)There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.__事业；目标
3. (2019·北京卷)In a world that warms up by 3 ℃， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.发生
4. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The crowds might damage the beauty of the place.破坏
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？破坏
Ⅲ.选词成篇
pick up; end up; set fire to; catch fire; put out; plenty of
The factory 1.caught__fire last week. Although it was 2.put__out by the firefighters, 3.plenty__of losses have been brought about. The police suspected that someone 4.set__fire__to it. After making some investigations, it was found that a burning cigarette end caused the fire. Of course, the man concerned was to blame for it, and 5.ended__up in prison.
take off; on average; take place; in all; put down
Great changes have 6.taken__place in our school since 2019. There are 3，000 students 7.in__all in our school, almost half of whom are admitted into key universities. Therefore, every time we refer to our school, we can’t help feeling proud of it. I wish everyone of our school could 8.take__off in the following year.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．如果一个人在事故中受伤严重，你最好让他待在原地不动。
If a person is badly injured in an accident, you’d better leave__him__where__he__is．
2．由于重大节日高速公路免费政策，大量的车辆被困在高速公路上，造成了严重的交通阻塞。
Due to the policy of free highway fees on major holidays, too many cars are trapped on the highways, causing__heavy__traffic__jams．
3．糟糕的天气使得我们不可能旅行而且很可能会放弃旅行计划。
The terrible weather has made it impossible for us to go on vacation and there__is__the__possibility__of__abandoning the trip plan.
experience vt.经历，体验 n．[U]经验；[C]经历
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①a.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) Our hosts shared many of their experiences(experience) and recommended wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
b．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) The dogs were well trained by their masters who had a great experience with caring for these animals.删除a
②(山东卷)Welcome you to come here to__experience(experience) our traditional Chinese culture.
③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)As to the activities, we plan to invite experienced(experience) players to give training to us every Friday afternoon.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
④(普通表达)I am__very__experienced__in/have__much__experience__in(有经验) doing this kind of job and I will gain__a__lot__of__experience(获得很多经验) from it.
⑤(高级表达)I__am__very__experienced__in/have__much__experience__in__doing__this__kind__of__job,__from__which__I__will__gain__a__lot__of__experience.(非限制性定语从句)
(1)have experience in (doing) sth.
在(做)某事方面有经验
from/by experience 凭经验
in/from one’s experience 根据某人的经验看
(2)experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的
be experienced in 在……方面有经验
[佳句背诵] Considering his ability，and experience, he might have done better.
考虑到他的能力和经验，他应该能做得更好。(江西卷)
[名师点津] experience作名词“经验”讲时，是不可数名词；作“经历”讲时，是可数名词。作动词讲时意为“经历，体验”，是及物动词。
[词块助记]
work/working experience 工作经验
experience hardship 经历困难
an experienced teacher 一位有经验的老师
cause n．原因，起因；事业；目标 v．引起；导致
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes(cause)．
②a.(陕西卷)Unpunctual people seldom realise that their habit causes problems to others.
b．(福建卷)The lack of ecofriendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达) In the summer of 2019, terrifying floods swept across many countries of the world, and it caused__great__loss__to(造成巨大损失) many places.
④(高级表达) In the summer of 2019, terrifying floods swept across many countries of the world, causing__great__loss__to__many__places. (现在分词作结果状语)
(1)the cause of... ……的原因
(2)cause sb.sth. 给某人带来某事
cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
cause sth. to 导致某事……
(3)cause damage/loss to 对……造成损坏/损失
[佳句背诵] The value of Confucian culture has caused common people’s more and more extensive concern in modern society.
儒家文化的价值在现代社会引起了世人越来越广泛的关注。
[词块助记]
cause and effect 因果
with good cause 有充分的理由
without good cause 毫无理由
cause an accident 造成事故
the cause of death 死因
bury vt.埋葬；埋藏；用……覆盖
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near, we senior three students are__buried(bury) in busy work every day.
②He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried(bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)Because he buried__himself__in/was__buried__in(专心于) his book, he didn’t notice that all the others had left.
④(高级表达)Burying__himself__in__his__book,__he didn’t notice that all the others had left.(现在分词作状语)
⑤(高级表达)Buried__in__his__book,__he didn’t notice that all the others had left.(过去分词作状语)
be buried in＝bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于
be buried in thought 沉思
[名师点津] 表示“埋头于；致力于”的短语还有：be devoted to＝devote oneself to专心于，致力于；be absorbed in全神贯注于，专心于；concentrate on集中精力于，专心于；focus on集中精力于，专心于；fix one’s attention on全神贯注于，专心于；occupy oneself in doing/with＝be occupied with 专心于，忙于。
[词块助记] buried treasure 埋藏的财宝
bury one’s head/face in hands 用手捂住头/脸
occur vi.发现，出现；(想法、念头等)想起，浮现；发生
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①A perfect idea occurred to us that we would give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers’ Day.
②a.The accident is reported to__have__occurred(occur) on the first Sunday in February.
b．In the next 30 years, we could see more heat waves like the one now occurring(occur) in the U．S.
③It never occurred to her to__ask(ask) anyone for help when she was in trouble.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。
④It__occurred__to__him__that he had left his keys in the office.
⑤It__hit/struck__him__that he had left his keys in the office.
sth. occurs to sb. 某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到某事
It occurs to sb.that... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事。
[名师点津] (1)occur是不及物动词，所以不能带宾语，也不能用于被动语态。
(2)occur的过去式和过去分词形式要双写最后一个辅音字母r，即occurred。
(3)表达“某人突然想起……”的句型还有：
①sth. hits/strikes sb.
②It hits/strikes sb. that从句
③sb. comes up with sth.
strike v．(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；击打；突然想到(想法)；打动；(钟)敲 n．罢工
[一词多义]——写出下列句中strike的词性和含义
①She was practicing surfing when a shark struck. v．袭击
②I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning.v.(钟)敲
③(2018·浙江卷11月)I was just about to pay the taxi driver when it struck me that I had left my wallet on the airplane. v．突然想到
④(福建卷)The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down. n．罢工
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
⑤(普通表达)I was__struck/stricken__by(被打动) his inspiring words, and I decided to make efforts to improve my English.
⑥(高级表达)Struck/Stricken__by__his__inspiring__words,__I decided to make efforts to improve my English.(分词作状语)
(1)sth. strikes sb. 某人突然想出……
It strikes sb. that/to do... 某人想到……
be struck by... 被……打动；迷恋……
strike sb.in/on＋the＋身体部位
打某人某部位
(2)be on/go on strike 在/举行罢工
[佳句背诵] What struck me most was the enthusiasm of the local people.
给我印象最深的是当地人的热情。
[词块助记]
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
strike a balance 两者兼顾；达到平衡
strike a deal 达成协议
pick up 卷起；掀起；拾起；捡起；拿起；接收(信号)；(偶然)学会；收拾；整理；(用车)接(人)；(健康、生意等)好转；恢复；买到
[一词多义]——写出下列句中pick up的含义
①(2018·浙江卷6月)Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos. (用车)接(人)
②(福建卷)She picked up Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely. (偶然)学会
③The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite.接收(信号)
④My friend began to pick up after staying in hospital for several days.恢复；好转
⑤The twin sisters were shopping for hours on Women’s Day and managed to pick up bags of bargains. 买到
pick out 选出；辨别出
[佳句背诵] ①The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know.
自动语音电话的问题已经变得非常严重，以至于许多人现在拒绝接听他们不知道的电话。(2019·北京卷)
②It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly pick out my friend.
电影院是如此的黑以至于我没有认出我的朋友。(四川卷)
end up 以……结束，结果为……
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(江西卷)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end up with sweet dreams.
②(天津卷)Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion, and ended up as a manager.
③(2017·天津卷)Driverless cars may end up being(be) a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④如果我们忽视我们的未来，我们就会以失败告终。
If we neglect our future, we’ll end__up__in__failure．
⑤如果你想记住所有内容，结果反而会什么也记不住。
If you want to remember everything, you will end__up__remembering__nothing．
end up with 以……结束
end up in 以……结束
end up as... 最终成为/变成……
end up＋adj./doing... 以…… (状况) 而告终
[佳句背诵] The CounterJapanese War broke out in 1931, lasted fourteen years, and ended up with China’s victory.
抗日战争在1931年爆发，持续了14年，并以中国的胜利而告终。
[名师点津]
end up in 后面接表示结果的名词
end up with 后面接表示方式的名词
end up as 后面接表示身份、职业的名词
leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(教材原句)They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
它们(龙卷风)能够毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(天津卷)Don’t leave the water running(run) while you brush your teeth.
b．(天津卷) He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast untouched(touch).
c．He has grown up, so you’d better leave him to__solve(solve) the problem by himself.
②The flood last month was a real disaster, leaving 19 people dead and 78 missing(miss)．
[能力提升]——完成句子
③把东西放在能够再次找到的地方，你们应该把这一点作为一条准则。
You should make it a rule to leave__things__where__you__can__find__them again.
④让你的孩子顺其自然，他们会健康地成长。
Leave__your__kids__as__they__are and they will grow in a healthy way.
“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”为leave的复合结构， 此时leave作使役动词， 表示“使/让……保持某种状态”， 常跟复合宾语。构成如下：
(1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)leave＋宾语＋分词
(3)leave＋宾语＋不定式
(4)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句
(5)leave＋宾语＋as引导的方式状语从句
[佳句背诵] His parents died in the Pakistan earthquake, leaving him an orphan.
他的父母在巴基斯坦地震中去世了，留下他成了一名孤儿。
[名师点津] 在leave的复合结构中，宾语补足语为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾语补足语为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾语补足语为不定式时，通常表示动作尚未发生。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．Fortunately(fortunate), there was someone at hand, so we asked him to deliver the message at once.
2．These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing(cause) serious harm to life and the environment.
3．They covered him with a blanket, only leaving his eyes exposed(expose)．
4．I thought I would be punished for the broken glasses but I ended up being__praised(praise) for my honesty.
5．After the earthquake I went there, I saw the whole town in ruins(ruin), and now everything has changed.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．Hearing the news that they were safe and sound, I felt a great weight taken off my mind.
2．It’s easy to pick him out in a crowd because he is very tall.
3．A fire broke out in the building last night.Luckily, the firefighters arrived in time and put out the fire.
4．The teacher said there were twelve in all who had failed in the exam.
5．The man in black was about to set fire to the house when the police came.
维度三 派生词练习
1．He is an experienced teacher and has twenty years’ teaching experience．(experience)
2．What happened without any previous warning that day terrified all the passengers aboard the train.It was really a terrifying scene, and many people are still terrified at the thought of taking a highspeed train.(terrify)
3．Many bad men struck their neighborhood violently．People were angry at their violent behaviour and resisted their violence bravely.(violent)
4．He looked sad when he looked sadly at the money that had brought him nothing but sadness．(sad)
5．He warned me not to leave without permission, but I didn’t accept his warning．(warn)
6．The terrible weather made it impossible for us to go on vacation and there is a possibility that the trip plan would be abandoned.(possible)
维度四 易错混用
1．In average, my son spends one hour doing his homework every night.In→On
2．Because they were to move to a new house, they bought a lot of furnitures.furnitures→furniture
3．(湖南卷)Not once did it occur Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.在occur后加to
4．They found the remains of buildings burying under the sand, together with a lot of treasure.burying→buried
5．In a secondhand market you can often pick out a car in good condition with much less money than its usual price.out→up
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
1．On average, all kinds of natural disasters take place across the world every year. Yesterday, a violent hurricane 2.struck(strike) my hometown, 3.causing(cause) great damage to people’s property. After it left, 3，000 houses were destroyed in all, which left many people 4.homeless(home). Some people 5.were__buried(bury) under the collapsed houses. Rescuers came to save them from the 6.ruins(ruin) of the houses after it occurred. 7.Fortunately(fortunate), the hurricane left and ended up 8.with zero casualty. People have accumulated a wealth of experience of disaster prevention and relief in recent years. All kinds of regular nationwide disaster drills are organized, so there is the 9.possibility(possible) that we can protect ourselves when 10.caught(catch) in natural disasters.
提能二 话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
某地区去年被飓风袭击，造成巨大损失，请你按以下写作要点写一篇短文介绍：①受灾情况；②营救措施。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)
①去年，这个地区的人们经历了一场可怕的飓风。
It was last year that the people living in the area experienced__a__terrifying__hurricane．
②这场猛烈的飓风袭击了这个地区，造成了巨大的经济和人力损失。
The__violent__hurricane__struck__the__area,__and caused great financial and human losses.
③许多房屋被毁，使得许多人无家可归。
Plenty__of__houses__were__ruined/damaged,__which left__many__people__homeless．
④许多道路受损，而且整个城市大面积停电。
Many roads were__damaged,__and a large area of the city was in blackout.
⑤灾难一发生，当地政府就采取有效的措施营救被埋在倒塌的屋子下面的人们。(过去完成时)
The__disaster__had__no__sooner__occurred__than the local government took effective measures to rescue the people buried__under__the__fallen__houses．
⑥到昨晚为止，工人们已使电力恢复正常。(过去完成时)
By the end of last night, workers had__got__the__electricity__back__to__normal．
2．升级平淡句
⑦用现在分词作结果状语升级句②
The__violent__hurricane__struck__the__area,__causing__great__financial__and__human__losses.
⑧用倒装句升级句⑤
No__sooner__had__the__disaster__occurred__than__the__local__government__took__effective__measures__to__rescue__the__people__buried__under__the__fallen__houses.
3．衔接成美文(注意用适当的过渡衔接词汇：sadly, what’s worse, fortunately, thankfully)
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One possible version：
It was last year that the people living in the area experienced a terrifying hurricane. Sadly, the violent hurricane struck the area, causing great financial and human losses.
Plenty of houses were ruined/damaged, which left many people homeless. What’s worse, many roads were damaged, and a large area of the city was in blackout. Fortunately, no sooner had the disaster occurred than the local government took effective measures to rescue the people buried under the fallen houses. Thankfully, by the end of last night, workers had got the electricity back to normal.
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020· 新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测) Superstorm Sandy slammed into the eastern United States a few years ago. The winddriven water caused a lot of flooding, especially in the region’s subway system. Now two teens have invented a device that could help prevent future subway floods.
In New York City alone, Superstorm Sandy caused an estimated $19 billion in damage. Much of the floodwaters entered the subway system through its ventilation grates (通风栅). Those metal grills usually lie at ground level. When the system is shut down ahead of a flood, engineers try to cover those grates with plywood (胶合板) and sandbags. But the flooding often washes away those measures, which allows water to flow into the tunnels. Raising those grates even a tiny bit above ground level would cost a lot of money. Other ideas have included building tall chimneys around the holes. That would raise the grates and cost a lot of money, too.
Kyle and Raymond came up with a different, less expensive idea. They designed a metal grate with a builtin, adjustable cover. When trains are running, one part of the grate slides open to bring in fresh air. But when the system is shut down, that part can be slid shut to completely block the grate.
Their grate is the same size as the grates used now. So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement. Their design includes tamperproof features, which can prevent operation mistakes. They make sure that people don’t intentionally shut off airflow during normal conditions. For people with the proper key, it would only take a minute or two to close the grate ahead of a flood.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了几年前超级风暴Sandy猛烈袭击美国东部，造成了洪水灾害，当地的地铁被洪水淹没。为防止地铁再次被洪水淹没，两位少年发明了一种装置。
1．What’s the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The steps to operate grates.
B．The measures to prevent flood.
C．The function of plywood and sandbags.
D．The disadvantage of present subway system.
D 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故选D。
2．Which of the following words best describes the two teens’ new invention?
A．Costly. B．Timesaving.
C．Practical. D．Conventional.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句“Their grate is the same size as the grates used now. So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement.”可知，他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以，他们说这会很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，并放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后一句可推知，新的栅栏操作起来也很方便。故选C。
3．What’s the purpose of designing the tamperproof feature?
A．To replace the old grate correctly.
B．To close the grate ahead of a flood.
C．To ensure airflow in normal conditions.
D．To stop the train speeding up unexpectedly.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能，故选C。
4．Where does the text most probably come from?
A．A news report.
B．An adventurous story.
C．An introduction to new equipment.
D．A guidebook to making grates.
A 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。
B
(2020·山西六校测试)World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.
The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972.Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.
The 2018 World Environment Day was hosted by India, and the theme was Beat Plastic Pollution. It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which made up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.
World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you won’t be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况，呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。
5．Why is World Environment Day set up?
A．To make people know more about nature.
B．To ask people to help to protect the globe.
C．To warn people of the danger of air pollution.
D．To encourage people to plan the earth’s future.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe”可知，世界环境日的目的是鼓励世界各地的人们积极参与环境保护并学会更多方法来帮助确保我们的地球将来是安全的，故选B。
6．What do people do on World Environment Day?
A．Decide a host city.
B．Hold a theme party.
C．Discuss environmental ideas.
D．Show some plastic products.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及“Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.”可知，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题，故选C。
7．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “disposable” in Paragraph 3?
A．Highcost. B．Poorquality.
C．Secondhand. D．Singleuse.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Beat Plastic Pollution”可知，2018年的主题是“塑战速决”，再结合画线词前面的“It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags”和后面的“which made up 10% of all of the waste”可知，“disposable plastic”造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选D。
8．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Every bit of effort counts.
B．Doing is better than saying.
C．Many hands make light work.
D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
A 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是一个公共节日，所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它。所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要(Every bit of effort counts.)，故选A。Doing is better than saying.“行胜于言。”；Many hands make light work.“众人拾柴火焰高。”；Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.“有志者事竟成。”
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·河北九校联考)As a young girl I dreamed of being a dancer, so my parents let me attend dance classes when I was in first grade. But I __1__ knew the years to follow would teach me so many life lessons: hard work, leadership, passion(激情)．..
I was a part of dance teams where I learned to dance in __2__ styles such as jazz, tap dance, ballet and so on. Due to my talent and hard work, I quickly __3__ in the teams. However, these classes became too __4__ for my parents when I was 13, leading me not to take conventional dance classes for the next four years. I knew we were not __5__ then, so I had no complaint.
__6__ I was not taking dance classes, I used what I learned in __7__ classes to keep my flexibility and develop my dancing skills. Throughout this time my __8__ for dancing helped me learn how to be a(n) __9__ as I coached myself, taught my sisters and __10__ my own shows for my family. With the time and hard work in the four years when I __11__ to take dance classes, I was able to be __12__ to my high school dance team.
Over the next three years in the team I __13__ myself to be the best dancer. I managed to involve myself in every dance __14__； I also struggled with many __15__. During the first year on the team both of my ankles hurt several times, and it took me months of __16__. However, my second competition season __17__ patellar tendinitis(肌腱炎) in my knees, which __18__ disturbs me constantly till today. Even so, I was able to become a cocaptain of the team and lead them to __19__ the first national championship title in the __20__ of the team!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了她学习舞蹈的经历，字里行间透露的是作者的毅力和决心。
1．A.really B．merely
C．suddenly D．barely
D 解析：根据But的转折和后面的内容“the years to follow would teach me so many life lessons: hard work, leadership, passion(激情)．..”可知，此处应用一个表示否定意义的副词，表示作者不知道接下来几年的舞蹈学习会教她这么多人生课程。barely“几乎不，几乎没有”，符合语境。
2．A.various B．latest
C．unique D．classical
A 解析：根据下文的“such as jazz, tap dance, ballet and so on”可知，作者学跳各种(various)风格的舞蹈。latest“最新的”；unique“独特的”；classical“古典的”。
3．A.worked out B．took out
C．came out D．stood out
D 解析：根据上文的“Due to my talent and hard work”可知，由于作者既有天分又勤奋，她很快在舞蹈队里脱颖而出。work out “锻炼身体，计算出”； take out “拿出，提取”； come out “出版，被获知，盛开”； stand out “出色，显眼”。
4．A.deadly B．strange
C．costly D．valuable
C 解析：根据下文的“leading me not to take conventional dance classes for the next four years”可知，此处表示因为舞蹈课的费用非常高，父母无力支付，因此作者停止了舞蹈学习。costly是形容词，表示“昂贵的”。
5．A.happy B．content
C．comfortable D．secure
C 解析：根据上文作者父母无力支付作者舞蹈学习费用的内容和下文的“so I had no complaint”可知，此处表示作者知道家里并不宽裕，因此她并不抱怨父母。happy“幸福的”；content“满足的”；comfortable“宽裕的，富裕的”；secure“安全的，牢靠的”。
6．A.Now that B．Even if
C．As though D．Just when
B 解析：根据主句“I used what I learned...develop my dancing skills”可以推断出，该空所在的从句是让步状语从句，故用Even if“尽管”。
7．A.new B．primary
C．previous D．final
C 解析：根据上文可知，作者这几年没有上正规的舞蹈课，由此推断她用以前学到的舞蹈知识来进行练习。primary“主要的，基本的”；previous“先前的”；final“最终的”。
8．A.energy B．admiration
C．appreciation D．enthusiasm
D 解析：根据上文可知，在不能上舞蹈课的情况下，作者还在坚持跳舞，由此可以推断出她对舞蹈饱含热情。energy “精力”；admiration “钦佩，羡慕”；appreciation “感激”；enthusiasm “热情”。
9．A.instructor B．performer
C．partner D．contributor
A 解析：根据下文的“coached myself, taught my sisters”可知，对跳舞的热情帮助作者学习如何做一个教练。instructor “教练，导师”；performer “表演者”；partner “伙伴，同伴”；contributor “投稿人，捐献者”。
10．A.spoke about B．backed up
C．made up D．put on
D 解析：根据空后的“my own shows for my family”可知，作者为家人表演节目。put on“上演”。
11．A.attempted B．failed
C．chose D．intended
B 解析：根据第二段的最后两句可知，作者四年间没有上正规的舞蹈课，再联系本句中的“in the four years”可知，fail to do sth.“未做某事”符合语境。attempt“尝试”；choose“选择”；intend“打算，计划”。
12．A.admitted B．addicted
C．adapted D．applied
A 解析：根据下一段内容可知，作者成为校舞蹈队的成员，因此这里指作者被校舞蹈队录取。be admitted to“被……录取”。
13．A.considered B．pushed
C．warned D．expected
B 解析：根据下文的“I managed” “I also struggled” “I was able to become a cocaptain of the team and lead them to...”可知，此处表示在校舞蹈队期间，作者督促自己做该队中最优秀的队员。push sb. to be/do...表示“督促某人成为……/做……”。consider“认为”；warn“告诫”；expect“期望”。
14．A.examination B．campaign
C．activity D．trial
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者努力参与每一项校舞蹈队的舞蹈活动(activity)。
15．A.injuries B．goals
C．disagreements D．desires
A 解析：根据下文的脚踝受伤、肌腱炎可知，在跳舞过程中作者曾多次受伤(injuries)。goal “目标”；disagreement “分歧”；desire “欲望”。
16．A.recovery B．practice
C．suffering D．learning
A 解析：根据上文的“both of my ankles hurt several times, and it took me months of ______”可推断出，此处指作者脚踝受伤之后花费数月恢复，故选recovery “恢复，康复”。practice “训练”；suffering “痛苦”；learning “学习”。
17．A.cured B．caused
C．defeated D．fought
B 解析：根据上下文可知，第二个舞蹈赛季导致(caused)作者患肌腱炎。
18．A.just B．also
C．yet D．still
D 解析：根据空后的“disturbs me constantly till today”可知，此处应表示这直至今天还困扰着作者，故用still。
19．A.approach B．understand
C．win D．keep
C 解析：即便有这么多伤痛，作者还是成功带领校舞蹈队赢得了校舞蹈队历史上第一个全国冠军头衔。根据句中的“national championship title”可知，此处用win。win the...title表示“获得……冠军头衔”。
20．A.organization B．history
C．charge D．imagination
B 解析：参见上题解析。
一、语基必备知识
(一)重点词汇——分类记忆
Ⅰ.阅读词汇——在不认识的词汇前划√
disaster n． flood n.
hurricane n. tornado n.
lightning n. column n.
current n. feather n.
wave n. ash n.
erupt vt. eruption n.
volcano n. previous adj.
worldwide adj.
Ⅱ.核心词汇——写其形
1．cause vt. 引起；导致
2．bury vt. 埋葬
3．occur vi. 发生
4．ruin vt. 毁坏
5．earthquake n. 地震
6．active adj. 积极的；活跃的
7．damage n．& v. 损失；损害
Ⅲ.拓展词汇——通其变
1．experience vt.经历→experienced adj.有经验的
2．furnish v．装备；配备→furniture n．家具
3．violent adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强烈的→violently adv.强烈地；激烈地→violence n．暴力
4．strike vt.& n．(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击→struck(过去式) →stricken/struck(过去分词)
5．possible adj.可能的→likely/probable(近义词)→possibility n．可能；可能性
6．terrify vt.使惊恐；使受惊吓→terrifying adj.吓人的；可怕的→terrified adj.恐惧的；受惊吓的
7．luck n．运气，好运→lucky adj.幸运的→luckily adv.幸运地；幸亏
8．thankful adj.感激的→thankfully adv.感激地；满怀感谢地
9．hope vt.& n．希望→hopefully adv.满怀希望地；有希望地→hopeful adj.满怀希望的；有希望的
10．sad adj.悲伤的→sadly adv.伤心地；不幸地→sadness n．悲伤
11．fortune n．运气；财富→fortunately adv.幸运地；幸亏→fortunate adj.幸运的
12．warn v．警告→warning n．警告
1.“发生”词汇大全
①occur (偶然)发生
②happen (偶然)发生
③take place (计划等)发生
④come about 发生；产生(尤指不受控制地)
⑤break out (灾害等)爆发
2.后缀ly副词小结
①thankfully 感激地
②truly 真正地
③bravely 勇敢地
④quietly 安静地
⑤similarly 相似地
⑥fluently 流利地
3.“损害”动词家族
①damage 损害
②destroy 毁坏
③ruin 毁坏
④harm 损害
⑤injure 损害
⑥hurt 损害
(二)重点短语——记牢用活
1．pick__up 卷起；掀起；(偶然)学会
2．put__down 记下；放下；镇压
3．take__off 去掉；突然成功；休假
4．on__average 平均起来
5．end__up 结果为……，以……结束
6．set__fire__to 放火(焚烧)……
7．catch__fire 着火
8．put__out 扑灭(火)
9．take__place 发生
10．in__all 总共；总计
1.fire相关短语大观园
①set fire to 放火(焚烧)……
②set ...on fire 放火(焚烧)……
③catch fire 着火(表示动作)
④be on fire 着火(表示状态)
⑤put out the fire 扑灭火
⑥make/light/start a fire 点火；生火
2.all相关短语荟萃
①in all 总共；总计
②after all 毕竟
③not at all 一点也不
④first of all 首先
⑤all in all 总的来说
⑥above all 最重要的是
(三)重点句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
They can destroy houses, but leave__the__furniture__inside__exactly__where__it__was．
它们(龙卷风)能够毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
句型2：现在分词短语作结果状语
On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing__about__80__deaths and 1，500 injuries.
平均来说，美国每年发生800场龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1 500人受伤。
句型3：there is/was the possibility of... 表示“有……的可能性”
When the lava reached the sea, there__was__the__possibility__of a huge tidal wave which could flood half the island.
当岩浆涌进大海时，有可能引发足以淹没半个岛屿的巨大浪潮。
二、语境强化训练
Ⅰ.语境填词——根据提示写出该词的适当形式
A．根据汉语提示写出下列单词
1．As we all know, the red light is a warning(警告) sign for stop.
2．In previous(以前的) time, I didn’t realise how valuable his advice was.
3．(2018·天津卷)The possibility(可能性) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.
4．A good idea struck(想起) me while I was walking along the river.
5．One of the consequences of our planet’s being warming up is an increase in the number of natural disasters(灾难)．
B．根据所给单词写出适当形式
6．With his reputation damaged(damage), he regretted having done so.
7．The heavy snow lasted for a week, causing(cause) a serious traffic confusion in the whole area.
8．He sat there silently, with his head buried(bury) in his hands.
9．An unexpected storm occurred(occur) when we were enjoying the pleasant voyage at the Yellow Sea.
10．It rained nonstop for ten days, completely ruining(ruin) our holiday.
Ⅱ.语境品词——写出加黑词汇在语境中的意义
1．(2019·浙江卷6月)But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions: “Who are you? What antique shop？” 大量送至
2．(2019·浙江卷6月)There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.__事业；目标
3. (2019·北京卷)In a world that warms up by 3 ℃， it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur.发生
4. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)The crowds might damage the beauty of the place.破坏
5. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ)Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace？破坏
Ⅲ.选词成篇
pick up; end up; set fire to; catch fire; put out; plenty of
The factory 1.caught__fire last week. Although it was 2.put__out by the firefighters, 3.plenty__of losses have been brought about. The police suspected that someone 4.set__fire__to it. After making some investigations, it was found that a burning cigarette end caused the fire. Of course, the man concerned was to blame for it, and 5.ended__up in prison.
take off; on average; take place; in all; put down
Great changes have 6.taken__place in our school since 2019. There are 3，000 students 7.in__all in our school, almost half of whom are admitted into key universities. Therefore, every time we refer to our school, we can’t help feeling proud of it. I wish everyone of our school could 8.take__off in the following year.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1．如果一个人在事故中受伤严重，你最好让他待在原地不动。
If a person is badly injured in an accident, you’d better leave__him__where__he__is．
2．由于重大节日高速公路免费政策，大量的车辆被困在高速公路上，造成了严重的交通阻塞。
Due to the policy of free highway fees on major holidays, too many cars are trapped on the highways, causing__heavy__traffic__jams．
3．糟糕的天气使得我们不可能旅行而且很可能会放弃旅行计划。
The terrible weather has made it impossible for us to go on vacation and there__is__the__possibility__of__abandoning the trip plan.
experience vt.经历，体验 n．[U]经验；[C]经历
[基础练习]——单句语法填空/单句改错
①a.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) Our hosts shared many of their experiences(experience) and recommended wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit.
b．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ) The dogs were well trained by their masters who had a great experience with caring for these animals.删除a
②(山东卷)Welcome you to come here to__experience(experience) our traditional Chinese culture.
③(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)As to the activities, we plan to invite experienced(experience) players to give training to us every Friday afternoon.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
④(普通表达)I am__very__experienced__in/have__much__experience__in(有经验) doing this kind of job and I will gain__a__lot__of__experience(获得很多经验) from it.
⑤(高级表达)I__am__very__experienced__in/have__much__experience__in__doing__this__kind__of__job,__from__which__I__will__gain__a__lot__of__experience.(非限制性定语从句)
(1)have experience in (doing) sth.
在(做)某事方面有经验
from/by experience 凭经验
in/from one’s experience 根据某人的经验看
(2)experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的
be experienced in 在……方面有经验
[佳句背诵] Considering his ability，and experience, he might have done better.
考虑到他的能力和经验，他应该能做得更好。(江西卷)
[名师点津] experience作名词“经验”讲时，是不可数名词；作“经历”讲时，是可数名词。作动词讲时意为“经历，体验”，是及物动词。
[词块助记]
work/working experience 工作经验
experience hardship 经历困难
an experienced teacher 一位有经验的老师
cause n．原因，起因；事业；目标 v．引起；导致
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes(cause)．
②a.(陕西卷)Unpunctual people seldom realise that their habit causes problems to others.
b．(福建卷)The lack of ecofriendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of global climate change.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达) In the summer of 2019, terrifying floods swept across many countries of the world, and it caused__great__loss__to(造成巨大损失) many places.
④(高级表达) In the summer of 2019, terrifying floods swept across many countries of the world, causing__great__loss__to__many__places. (现在分词作结果状语)
(1)the cause of... ……的原因
(2)cause sb.sth. 给某人带来某事
cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事
cause sth. to 导致某事……
(3)cause damage/loss to 对……造成损坏/损失
[佳句背诵] The value of Confucian culture has caused common people’s more and more extensive concern in modern society.
儒家文化的价值在现代社会引起了世人越来越广泛的关注。
[词块助记]
cause and effect 因果
with good cause 有充分的理由
without good cause 毫无理由
cause an accident 造成事故
the cause of death 死因
bury vt.埋葬；埋藏；用……覆盖
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①As the College Entrance Examination is drawing near, we senior three students are__buried(bury) in busy work every day.
②He stood on the sidewalk with his hands buried(bury) in the pockets of his dark overcoat.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
③(普通表达)Because he buried__himself__in/was__buried__in(专心于) his book, he didn’t notice that all the others had left.
④(高级表达)Burying__himself__in__his__book,__he didn’t notice that all the others had left.(现在分词作状语)
⑤(高级表达)Buried__in__his__book,__he didn’t notice that all the others had left.(过去分词作状语)
be buried in＝bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于
be buried in thought 沉思
[名师点津] 表示“埋头于；致力于”的短语还有：be devoted to＝devote oneself to专心于，致力于；be absorbed in全神贯注于，专心于；concentrate on集中精力于，专心于；focus on集中精力于，专心于；fix one’s attention on全神贯注于，专心于；occupy oneself in doing/with＝be occupied with 专心于，忙于。
[词块助记] buried treasure 埋藏的财宝
bury one’s head/face in hands 用手捂住头/脸
occur vi.发现，出现；(想法、念头等)想起，浮现；发生
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①A perfect idea occurred to us that we would give a handmade gift to our teacher for the coming Teachers’ Day.
②a.The accident is reported to__have__occurred(occur) on the first Sunday in February.
b．In the next 30 years, we could see more heat waves like the one now occurring(occur) in the U．S.
③It never occurred to her to__ask(ask) anyone for help when she was in trouble.
[能力提升]——一句多译
他忽然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。
④It__occurred__to__him__that he had left his keys in the office.
⑤It__hit/struck__him__that he had left his keys in the office.
sth. occurs to sb. 某事浮现在某人的脑海中；某人想到某事
It occurs to sb.that... 某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb.to do sth. 某人突然想起做某事。
[名师点津] (1)occur是不及物动词，所以不能带宾语，也不能用于被动语态。
(2)occur的过去式和过去分词形式要双写最后一个辅音字母r，即occurred。
(3)表达“某人突然想起……”的句型还有：
①sth. hits/strikes sb.
②It hits/strikes sb. that从句
③sb. comes up with sth.
strike v．(雷电、暴风雨等)袭击；击打；突然想到(想法)；打动；(钟)敲 n．罢工
[一词多义]——写出下列句中strike的词性和含义
①She was practicing surfing when a shark struck. v．袭击
②I heard the clock striking eight when I woke up this morning.v.(钟)敲
③(2018·浙江卷11月)I was just about to pay the taxi driver when it struck me that I had left my wallet on the airplane. v．突然想到
④(福建卷)The workers will go on strike if the demands they put forward are turned down. n．罢工
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升级
⑤(普通表达)I was__struck/stricken__by(被打动) his inspiring words, and I decided to make efforts to improve my English.
⑥(高级表达)Struck/Stricken__by__his__inspiring__words,__I decided to make efforts to improve my English.(分词作状语)
(1)sth. strikes sb. 某人突然想出……
It strikes sb. that/to do... 某人想到……
be struck by... 被……打动；迷恋……
strike sb.in/on＋the＋身体部位
打某人某部位
(2)be on/go on strike 在/举行罢工
[佳句背诵] What struck me most was the enthusiasm of the local people.
给我印象最深的是当地人的热情。
[词块助记]
Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。
strike a balance 两者兼顾；达到平衡
strike a deal 达成协议
pick up 卷起；掀起；拾起；捡起；拿起；接收(信号)；(偶然)学会；收拾；整理；(用车)接(人)；(健康、生意等)好转；恢复；买到
[一词多义]——写出下列句中pick up的含义
①(2018·浙江卷6月)Uncle Paul, my dad’s friend, picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos. (用车)接(人)
②(福建卷)She picked up Japanese when she was in Japan. Now she can speak it freely. (偶然)学会
③The equipment picked up the signal from the satellite.接收(信号)
④My friend began to pick up after staying in hospital for several days.恢复；好转
⑤The twin sisters were shopping for hours on Women’s Day and managed to pick up bags of bargains. 买到
pick out 选出；辨别出
[佳句背诵] ①The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don’t know.
自动语音电话的问题已经变得非常严重，以至于许多人现在拒绝接听他们不知道的电话。(2019·北京卷)
②It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly pick out my friend.
电影院是如此的黑以至于我没有认出我的朋友。(四川卷)
end up 以……结束，结果为……
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①(江西卷)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, and you may just end up with sweet dreams.
②(天津卷)Joining the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion, and ended up as a manager.
③(2017·天津卷)Driverless cars may end up being(be) a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own.
[能力提升]——完成句子
④如果我们忽视我们的未来，我们就会以失败告终。
If we neglect our future, we’ll end__up__in__failure．
⑤如果你想记住所有内容，结果反而会什么也记不住。
If you want to remember everything, you will end__up__remembering__nothing．
end up with 以……结束
end up in 以……结束
end up as... 最终成为/变成……
end up＋adj./doing... 以…… (状况) 而告终
[佳句背诵] The CounterJapanese War broke out in 1931, lasted fourteen years, and ended up with China’s victory.
抗日战争在1931年爆发，持续了14年，并以中国的胜利而告终。
[名师点津]
end up in 后面接表示结果的名词
end up with 后面接表示方式的名词
end up as 后面接表示身份、职业的名词
leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语
(教材原句)They can destroy houses, but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was.
它们(龙卷风)能够毁掉房子，却把房内的家具留在原处。
[基础练习]——单句语法填空
①a.(天津卷)Don’t leave the water running(run) while you brush your teeth.
b．(天津卷) He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast untouched(touch).
c．He has grown up, so you’d better leave him to__solve(solve) the problem by himself.
②The flood last month was a real disaster, leaving 19 people dead and 78 missing(miss)．
[能力提升]——完成句子
③把东西放在能够再次找到的地方，你们应该把这一点作为一条准则。
You should make it a rule to leave__things__where__you__can__find__them again.
④让你的孩子顺其自然，他们会健康地成长。
Leave__your__kids__as__they__are and they will grow in a healthy way.
“leave＋宾语＋宾语补足语”为leave的复合结构， 此时leave作使役动词， 表示“使/让……保持某种状态”， 常跟复合宾语。构成如下：
(1)leave＋宾语＋名词/形容词/副词/介词短语
(2)leave＋宾语＋分词
(3)leave＋宾语＋不定式
(4)leave＋宾语＋where引导的地点状语从句
(5)leave＋宾语＋as引导的方式状语从句
[佳句背诵] His parents died in the Pakistan earthquake, leaving him an orphan.
他的父母在巴基斯坦地震中去世了，留下他成了一名孤儿。
[名师点津] 在leave的复合结构中，宾语补足语为现在分词时，通常表示主动、进行的动作；宾语补足语为过去分词时，通常表示被动、完成的动作；宾语补足语为不定式时，通常表示动作尚未发生。
维度一 在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式
1．Fortunately(fortunate), there was someone at hand, so we asked him to deliver the message at once.
2．These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing(cause) serious harm to life and the environment.
3．They covered him with a blanket, only leaving his eyes exposed(expose)．
4．I thought I would be punished for the broken glasses but I ended up being__praised(praise) for my honesty.
5．After the earthquake I went there, I saw the whole town in ruins(ruin), and now everything has changed.
维度二 在空白处填入1个适当的单词
1．Hearing the news that they were safe and sound, I felt a great weight taken off my mind.
2．It’s easy to pick him out in a crowd because he is very tall.
3．A fire broke out in the building last night.Luckily, the firefighters arrived in time and put out the fire.
4．The teacher said there were twelve in all who had failed in the exam.
5．The man in black was about to set fire to the house when the police came.
维度三 派生词练习
1．He is an experienced teacher and has twenty years’ teaching experience．(experience)
2．What happened without any previous warning that day terrified all the passengers aboard the train.It was really a terrifying scene, and many people are still terrified at the thought of taking a highspeed train.(terrify)
3．Many bad men struck their neighborhood violently．People were angry at their violent behaviour and resisted their violence bravely.(violent)
4．He looked sad when he looked sadly at the money that had brought him nothing but sadness．(sad)
5．He warned me not to leave without permission, but I didn’t accept his warning．(warn)
6．The terrible weather made it impossible for us to go on vacation and there is a possibility that the trip plan would be abandoned.(possible)
维度四 易错混用
1．In average, my son spends one hour doing his homework every night.In→On
2．Because they were to move to a new house, they bought a lot of furnitures.furnitures→furniture
3．(湖南卷)Not once did it occur Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.在occur后加to
4．They found the remains of buildings burying under the sand, together with a lot of treasure.burying→buried
5．In a secondhand market you can often pick out a car in good condition with much less money than its usual price.out→up
提能一 语段填空(短文中黑体部分为本模块核心知识点，请补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分用法)
1．On average, all kinds of natural disasters take place across the world every year. Yesterday, a violent hurricane 2.struck(strike) my hometown, 3.causing(cause) great damage to people’s property. After it left, 3，000 houses were destroyed in all, which left many people 4.homeless(home). Some people 5.were__buried(bury) under the collapsed houses. Rescuers came to save them from the 6.ruins(ruin) of the houses after it occurred. 7.Fortunately(fortunate), the hurricane left and ended up 8.with zero casualty. People have accumulated a wealth of experience of disaster prevention and relief in recent years. All kinds of regular nationwide disaster drills are organized, so there is the 9.possibility(possible) that we can protect ourselves when 10.caught(catch) in natural disasters.
提能二 话题写作(用本模块词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文)
某地区去年被飓风袭击，造成巨大损失，请你按以下写作要点写一篇短文介绍：①受灾情况；②营救措施。
1．补全要点句(黑体部分请用本模块所学词汇)
①去年，这个地区的人们经历了一场可怕的飓风。
It was last year that the people living in the area experienced__a__terrifying__hurricane．
②这场猛烈的飓风袭击了这个地区，造成了巨大的经济和人力损失。
The__violent__hurricane__struck__the__area,__and caused great financial and human losses.
③许多房屋被毁，使得许多人无家可归。
Plenty__of__houses__were__ruined/damaged,__which left__many__people__homeless．
④许多道路受损，而且整个城市大面积停电。
Many roads were__damaged,__and a large area of the city was in blackout.
⑤灾难一发生，当地政府就采取有效的措施营救被埋在倒塌的屋子下面的人们。(过去完成时)
The__disaster__had__no__sooner__occurred__than the local government took effective measures to rescue the people buried__under__the__fallen__houses．
⑥到昨晚为止，工人们已使电力恢复正常。(过去完成时)
By the end of last night, workers had__got__the__electricity__back__to__normal．
2．升级平淡句
⑦用现在分词作结果状语升级句②
The__violent__hurricane__struck__the__area,__causing__great__financial__and__human__losses.
⑧用倒装句升级句⑤
No__sooner__had__the__disaster__occurred__than__the__local__government__took__effective__measures__to__rescue__the__people__buried__under__the__fallen__houses.
3．衔接成美文(注意用适当的过渡衔接词汇：sadly, what’s worse, fortunately, thankfully)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
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One possible version：
It was last year that the people living in the area experienced a terrifying hurricane. Sadly, the violent hurricane struck the area, causing great financial and human losses.
Plenty of houses were ruined/damaged, which left many people homeless. What’s worse, many roads were damaged, and a large area of the city was in blackout. Fortunately, no sooner had the disaster occurred than the local government took effective measures to rescue the people buried under the fallen houses. Thankfully, by the end of last night, workers had got the electricity back to normal.
(建议用时：35分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2020· 新疆维吾尔自治区适应性检测) Superstorm Sandy slammed into the eastern United States a few years ago. The winddriven water caused a lot of flooding, especially in the region’s subway system. Now two teens have invented a device that could help prevent future subway floods.
In New York City alone, Superstorm Sandy caused an estimated $19 billion in damage. Much of the floodwaters entered the subway system through its ventilation grates (通风栅). Those metal grills usually lie at ground level. When the system is shut down ahead of a flood, engineers try to cover those grates with plywood (胶合板) and sandbags. But the flooding often washes away those measures, which allows water to flow into the tunnels. Raising those grates even a tiny bit above ground level would cost a lot of money. Other ideas have included building tall chimneys around the holes. That would raise the grates and cost a lot of money, too.
Kyle and Raymond came up with a different, less expensive idea. They designed a metal grate with a builtin, adjustable cover. When trains are running, one part of the grate slides open to bring in fresh air. But when the system is shut down, that part can be slid shut to completely block the grate.
Their grate is the same size as the grates used now. So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement. Their design includes tamperproof features, which can prevent operation mistakes. They make sure that people don’t intentionally shut off airflow during normal conditions. For people with the proper key, it would only take a minute or two to close the grate ahead of a flood.
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了几年前超级风暴Sandy猛烈袭击美国东部，造成了洪水灾害，当地的地铁被洪水淹没。为防止地铁再次被洪水淹没，两位少年发明了一种装置。
1．What’s the second paragraph mainly about?
A．The steps to operate grates.
B．The measures to prevent flood.
C．The function of plywood and sandbags.
D．The disadvantage of present subway system.
D 解析：段落大意题。根据第二段第一句可知，据估计超级风暴Sandy仅在纽约市就造成了价值190亿美元的损失。文章接下来分析了超级风暴造成的洪水淹没地铁的原因：目前的地铁系统存在很大的弊端。故选D。
2．Which of the following words best describes the two teens’ new invention?
A．Costly. B．Timesaving.
C．Practical. D．Conventional.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一、二句“Their grate is the same size as the grates used now. So, it would be simple, they say, to lift out the old grate and drop in a replacement.”可知，他们使用的栅栏和现在使用的栅栏大小一样，所以，他们说这会很容易就可以把旧的栅栏取出来，并放入一个替换栅栏；再结合最后一段最后一句可推知，新的栅栏操作起来也很方便。故选C。
3．What’s the purpose of designing the tamperproof feature?
A．To replace the old grate correctly.
B．To close the grate ahead of a flood.
C．To ensure airflow in normal conditions.
D．To stop the train speeding up unexpectedly.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第三、四句可知，设计干预防护的特点可以阻止操作失误，有了干预防护，他们确保人们不会有意地在正常情况下关掉空气流通的功能，故选C。
4．Where does the text most probably come from?
A．A news report.
B．An adventurous story.
C．An introduction to new equipment.
D．A guidebook to making grates.
A 解析：文章出处题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了两位少年发明了一种成本较低、实用的地铁防洪装置以及该装置的特点和优势，应该属于新闻报道类文章，故选A。
B
(2020·山西六校测试)World Environment Day is celebrated annually on June 5th and was created to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe.
The very first World Environment Day took place in 1974, established by the United Nations General Assembly on the first day of the Stockholm Conference on the Human Environment that took place in 1972.Each year the United Nations picks a theme and a host city where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others, followed by different kinds of exhibits to promote environmental awareness. Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.
The 2018 World Environment Day was hosted by India, and the theme was Beat Plastic Pollution. It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags to reduce the production and use of disposable plastic, which made up 10% of all of the waste. Even though the United Nations picks a specific host city every year, people around the world still celebrate World Environment Day in their hometowns with parades(游行), concerts, cleaning up and tree planting and all kinds of green actions to work towards having a beautiful planet and battling pollution.
World Environment Day is not a public holiday, so you won’t be getting the day off work or school, but if you want to celebrate, why not bring it to the attention of your parents, friends, colleagues or classmates? World Environment Day is all about working together to take action for the planet, so try to get everyone you know interested in helping do something. Things as small as making sure people have a way to recycle can make a difference. You could also try beautifying your neighborhood by planting gardens, learn about green foods, raise money for a local wildlife conservation group or simply learn about the effects of different products on the earth.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界环境日的由来和情况，呼吁全员行动起来帮助保护地球。
5．Why is World Environment Day set up?
A．To make people know more about nature.
B．To ask people to help to protect the globe.
C．To warn people of the danger of air pollution.
D．To encourage people to plan the earth’s future.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“to inspire people around the globe to take an active part in environmental protection and learn more about ways we can help to guarantee the future of our planet is safe”可知，世界环境日的目的是鼓励世界各地的人们积极参与环境保护并学会更多方法来帮助确保我们的地球将来是安全的，故选B。
6．What do people do on World Environment Day?
A．Decide a host city.
B．Hold a theme party.
C．Discuss environmental ideas.
D．Show some plastic products.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“where anyone who is concerned about the environment can talk about environmental topics with others”以及“Environmentalists, academics and scientists come together to bring new ideas on the table concerning the environment.”可知，人们主要是在这一天讨论环境问题，故选C。
7．Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the underlined word “disposable” in Paragraph 3?
A．Highcost. B．Poorquality.
C．Secondhand. D．Singleuse.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Beat Plastic Pollution”可知，2018年的主题是“塑战速决”，再结合画线词前面的“It urged people to explore and choose supportable alternatives like paper or cloth bags”和后面的“which made up 10% of all of the waste”可知，“disposable plastic”造成大量资源浪费，所以“一次性的”符合语境，故选D。
8．What’s the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．Every bit of effort counts.
B．Doing is better than saying.
C．Many hands make light work.
D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.
A 解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容可知，世界环境日不是一个公共节日，所以人们不放假。但如果你想庆祝的话，为何不让你周围的人关注它。所以最后一段主要是讲每个人都可以从身边小事做起，行动起来保护地球，每个人的微小努力都很重要(Every bit of effort counts.)，故选A。Doing is better than saying.“行胜于言。”；Many hands make light work.“众人拾柴火焰高。”；Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.“有志者事竟成。”
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·河北九校联考)As a young girl I dreamed of being a dancer, so my parents let me attend dance classes when I was in first grade. But I __1__ knew the years to follow would teach me so many life lessons: hard work, leadership, passion(激情)．..
I was a part of dance teams where I learned to dance in __2__ styles such as jazz, tap dance, ballet and so on. Due to my talent and hard work, I quickly __3__ in the teams. However, these classes became too __4__ for my parents when I was 13, leading me not to take conventional dance classes for the next four years. I knew we were not __5__ then, so I had no complaint.
__6__ I was not taking dance classes, I used what I learned in __7__ classes to keep my flexibility and develop my dancing skills. Throughout this time my __8__ for dancing helped me learn how to be a(n) __9__ as I coached myself, taught my sisters and __10__ my own shows for my family. With the time and hard work in the four years when I __11__ to take dance classes, I was able to be __12__ to my high school dance team.
Over the next three years in the team I __13__ myself to be the best dancer. I managed to involve myself in every dance __14__； I also struggled with many __15__. During the first year on the team both of my ankles hurt several times, and it took me months of __16__. However, my second competition season __17__ patellar tendinitis(肌腱炎) in my knees, which __18__ disturbs me constantly till today. Even so, I was able to become a cocaptain of the team and lead them to __19__ the first national championship title in the __20__ of the team!
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了她学习舞蹈的经历，字里行间透露的是作者的毅力和决心。
1．A.really B．merely
C．suddenly D．barely
D 解析：根据But的转折和后面的内容“the years to follow would teach me so many life lessons: hard work, leadership, passion(激情)．..”可知，此处应用一个表示否定意义的副词，表示作者不知道接下来几年的舞蹈学习会教她这么多人生课程。barely“几乎不，几乎没有”，符合语境。
2．A.various B．latest
C．unique D．classical
A 解析：根据下文的“such as jazz, tap dance, ballet and so on”可知，作者学跳各种(various)风格的舞蹈。latest“最新的”；unique“独特的”；classical“古典的”。
3．A.worked out B．took out
C．came out D．stood out
D 解析：根据上文的“Due to my talent and hard work”可知，由于作者既有天分又勤奋，她很快在舞蹈队里脱颖而出。work out “锻炼身体，计算出”； take out “拿出，提取”； come out “出版，被获知，盛开”； stand out “出色，显眼”。
4．A.deadly B．strange
C．costly D．valuable
C 解析：根据下文的“leading me not to take conventional dance classes for the next four years”可知，此处表示因为舞蹈课的费用非常高，父母无力支付，因此作者停止了舞蹈学习。costly是形容词，表示“昂贵的”。
5．A.happy B．content
C．comfortable D．secure
C 解析：根据上文作者父母无力支付作者舞蹈学习费用的内容和下文的“so I had no complaint”可知，此处表示作者知道家里并不宽裕，因此她并不抱怨父母。happy“幸福的”；content“满足的”；comfortable“宽裕的，富裕的”；secure“安全的，牢靠的”。
6．A.Now that B．Even if
C．As though D．Just when
B 解析：根据主句“I used what I learned...develop my dancing skills”可以推断出，该空所在的从句是让步状语从句，故用Even if“尽管”。
7．A.new B．primary
C．previous D．final
C 解析：根据上文可知，作者这几年没有上正规的舞蹈课，由此推断她用以前学到的舞蹈知识来进行练习。primary“主要的，基本的”；previous“先前的”；final“最终的”。
8．A.energy B．admiration
C．appreciation D．enthusiasm
D 解析：根据上文可知，在不能上舞蹈课的情况下，作者还在坚持跳舞，由此可以推断出她对舞蹈饱含热情。energy “精力”；admiration “钦佩，羡慕”；appreciation “感激”；enthusiasm “热情”。
9．A.instructor B．performer
C．partner D．contributor
A 解析：根据下文的“coached myself, taught my sisters”可知，对跳舞的热情帮助作者学习如何做一个教练。instructor “教练，导师”；performer “表演者”；partner “伙伴，同伴”；contributor “投稿人，捐献者”。
10．A.spoke about B．backed up
C．made up D．put on
D 解析：根据空后的“my own shows for my family”可知，作者为家人表演节目。put on“上演”。
11．A.attempted B．failed
C．chose D．intended
B 解析：根据第二段的最后两句可知，作者四年间没有上正规的舞蹈课，再联系本句中的“in the four years”可知，fail to do sth.“未做某事”符合语境。attempt“尝试”；choose“选择”；intend“打算，计划”。
12．A.admitted B．addicted
C．adapted D．applied
A 解析：根据下一段内容可知，作者成为校舞蹈队的成员，因此这里指作者被校舞蹈队录取。be admitted to“被……录取”。
13．A.considered B．pushed
C．warned D．expected
B 解析：根据下文的“I managed” “I also struggled” “I was able to become a cocaptain of the team and lead them to...”可知，此处表示在校舞蹈队期间，作者督促自己做该队中最优秀的队员。push sb. to be/do...表示“督促某人成为……/做……”。consider“认为”；warn“告诫”；expect“期望”。
14．A.examination B．campaign
C．activity D．trial
C 解析：根据语境可知，作者努力参与每一项校舞蹈队的舞蹈活动(activity)。
15．A.injuries B．goals
C．disagreements D．desires
A 解析：根据下文的脚踝受伤、肌腱炎可知，在跳舞过程中作者曾多次受伤(injuries)。goal “目标”；disagreement “分歧”；desire “欲望”。
16．A.recovery B．practice
C．suffering D．learning
A 解析：根据上文的“both of my ankles hurt several times, and it took me months of ______”可推断出，此处指作者脚踝受伤之后花费数月恢复，故选recovery “恢复，康复”。practice “训练”；suffering “痛苦”；learning “学习”。
17．A.cured B．caused
C．defeated D．fought
B 解析：根据上下文可知，第二个舞蹈赛季导致(caused)作者患肌腱炎。
18．A.just B．also
C．yet D．still
D 解析：根据空后的“disturbs me constantly till today”可知，此处应表示这直至今天还困扰着作者，故用still。
19．A.approach B．understand
C．win D．keep
C 解析：即便有这么多伤痛，作者还是成功带领校舞蹈队赢得了校舞蹈队历史上第一个全国冠军头衔。根据句中的“national championship title”可知，此处用win。win the...title表示“获得……冠军头衔”。
20．A.organization B．history
C．charge D．imagination
B 解析：参见上题解析。
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