北师大版高中英语必修第一册UNIT3 Section B课时学案含答案

这是一份北师大版高中英语必修第一册UNIT3 Section B课时学案含答案，共52页。

Section B　Lesson 1　Spring FestivalⅠ.基础词汇1．________________ n. 描述，报道→vt.解释，说明2．________________ n. 主人；东道主；主持人→v.主办，主持(活动、节目等)；做东3．________________ n. (正餐以外的)小吃，点心4．________________ vt. 扫；打扫5．________________ n. 火锅6．________________ n. 风俗，习惯；传统7．________________ vi. 闹哄哄，喧闹8．________________ vt. 贴；固定；附上9．________________ n. 葡萄酒10．________________ n. 口音Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．scare vt.吓唬；使(某人)惊恐→________ adj.害怕的2．surround vt.环绕，围绕→________ adj.周围的→________ n．(周围的)环境3．retire v．退休→________ adj.退休的4．joy n．欢欣，愉快，喜悦→________ adj.高兴的；令人愉快的5．origin n．起源；源头→________ adj.原先的，最早的，最初的→________ adv.起初6．immediate adj.立即的；立刻的→________ adv.即刻，马上7．gather v．聚集→________ n．聚会8．decorate v．装饰→________ n．装饰物9．summary n．概括→________ vi. & vt.总结，概括10．expect v．期待，期望→________ adj.期待的，期望的Ⅲ.重点短语(英汉互译)(A) 写出下列短语的汉意1．put up decorations　　　________________2．an important tradition ________________3．It has unique meanings. ________________4．be highly valued ________________5．from top to bottom ________________6．let off fireworks ________________7．light up the night sky ________________8．scare sb./sth. away ________________9．be a lot of fun ________________10．wish sb. a happy new year ________________11．(be) up to ________________12．talk of old times ________________13．be with sb. ________________14．think about ________________15．gather around the table ________________(B) 写出下列汉语所对应的英语短语1．________________ 扫除；清除2．________________ 汉字3．________________ 倒置地，颠倒地4．________________ 使贴(系，粘)在……5．________________ 人们相信……6．________________ 必须尽早预订……7．________________ 细心做……8．________________ 向某人提供某事的详情9．________________ 结婚10．________________ 做……很棒。11．________________ 包饺子12．________________ 吃饺子13．________________ 在这种情况下；在这种场合14．________________ 家庭团聚/聚会15．________________ 家庭精神16．________________ 春节习俗/传统Ⅰ.课文思维导图Ⅱ.课文阅读理解1．What's the greatest excitement during Spring Festival according to Tom Jenkins?A.Sweeping up the house.B.Putting Fu upside down.C.Setting off fireworks.D.Enjoying a good TV program.2．What does Xu Gang think of Spring Festival?A.Staying with the family is the most important.B.Fireworks, sweets and decorations are out of date.C.It's not important to eat nowadays.D.Talking about old times is always meaningless.3．What do the retired couple usually do before the festival?A.Visit their grandchildren regularly.B.Prepare for the union of the family.C.Buy various delicious food for the family.D.Organise various home activities.4．Which of the following is TRUE about Spring Festival in the writer's opinion?A.It brings happiness of family union.B.It makes all the people go home.C.It always makes the family busy and tired.D.It gives the family a kind expectation.Ⅲ.课文语法填空Spring Festival is highly valued in China. People begin to prepare a week 1.________ the festival, cleaning their homes. This means 2.________ (sweep) away the dirt of the past year. Also, the Chinese character Fu is often put upside down, which means 3.________ (happy) arrives.Weeks before the festival, parents start to think about what they need to buy and what dishes need to 4.________ (prepare) .For people 5.________ work outside, they start planning their trip home early. When they get home, it is great 6.________ (hear) what everyone's been up to.Houses always buzz with 7.________ (activity) when everyone comes home. The greatest 8.________ (excite) begins when people sit together to enjoy a big dinner. They always have jiaozi, a sign of their wishes for health and happiness in the 9.________ (come) year. However, what they eat isn't the most important thing. 10.________ is important is who they eat it with. To everyone, Spring Festival is the joy of a family gathering.[词汇注释]①have unique meanings有独特的意义②understand...differently对……有不同的理解③host/həʊst/n.主人；东道主；主持人※sb's host family某人的寄宿家庭④highly adv.很；非常※be highly valued非常重视⑤from top to bottom从上到下；彻底地⑥sweep away扫除；清除※sweep/swi：p/vt.扫；打扫⑦get ready for为……做准备⑧character/'kærəktə/n.字，字体；人物，角色※the Chinese character汉字⑨attach/ə'tætʃ/vt.贴；固定；附上※attach...to...把……贴到……上⑩upside down倒置地，颠倒地※attach sth. upside down倒着贴某物⑪let off使某物爆炸⑫light up照亮⑬expectant/Ik'spektənt/adj.期待的，期望的※an expectant look期待的表情⑭scare sb./sth. away把……吓跑scare/skeə/vt.吓唬；使(某人)惊恐[教材原文]Notes from the editor: Spring Festival is an important tradition in China. It has unique meanings①.However, people may understand it differently②， including those from other cultures. Here are three readers' accounts to our magazine, in which the readers shared their experiences and views about it.[1][1]“介词＋关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句，对accounts进行补充说明Tom Jenkins a 16­year­old exchange student living in NanjingIt was my first time spending Spring Festival in China[2] with my host③ family. Spring Festival is highly④valued by every Chinese family. Preparations began a week before the festival. First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom.⑤ My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away⑥ the dirt of the past year and get ready for⑦ the new year.[2]It/That/This is/was sb's first time doing sth.这是某人第一次做某事。这是习惯表示方法。相当于It/That/This is/was the first time that sb. has/had done sth.Next, the Chinese character⑧ Fu was attached⑨ upside down⑩to our front door. It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives. The character looked really cool [3]. eq \a\vs4\al([3]连系动词＋形容词（作表语）) The greatest excitement began the night before Spring Festival. Fireworks were being let off⑪ across the city, suddenly lighting up⑫ the night sky. Children were covering their ears but with an expectant⑬ look on their faces. Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away⑭ the monster Nian. The fireworks were a lot of fun! We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner, wishing everyone a happy new year.[汉语译文]来自编辑的注释：春节是中国的重要传统节日，有着独特的意义。但是，不同的人，包括文化背景不同的人，可能对春节有不同的理解。这是我们杂志的三位读者的叙述，分享了他们关于春节的经历和看法。汤姆·詹金斯，16岁，交换生，居住南京这是我第一次在中国和我的寄宿家庭一起过春节。每个中国家庭都十分重视春节。准备工作从节前一周开始。首先，房子从上到下都打扫了一遍。我的房东妈妈陈太太说这是消除过去一年的积尘，为新的一年做准备。接下来，汉字“福”倒贴在我们的前门上。据说“福”字被倒贴时，幸福就会到来。这个字看起来很酷。最让人兴奋的是除夕夜。烟花在城市上空燃放，瞬间照亮了夜空。孩子们虽捂着耳朵，脸上却充满期待的表情。陈太太说这是为了吓跑年兽。烟花很有趣！然后我们坐在一起享受丰盛的晚餐，大家互相祝福新年快乐。⑮flight/flaIt/n.航班※book a flight预订航班⑯as early as possible尽可能早地⑰take care in doing sth.＝take care to do sth.认真做某事⑱wine/waIn/n.葡萄酒※a bottle of wine一瓶葡萄酒⑲get on上(车)※get off下(车)⑳surround/sə'raʊnd/vt.环绕，围绕※be surrounded with/by被……环绕，周围都是…… eq \o(○,\s\up1(21)) accent/'æksənt/n.口音 eq \o(○,\s\up1(22)) head home to one's family回家；回家见家人 eq \o(○,\s\up1(23)) fill sb. in on告诉某人关于……的事情 eq \o(○,\s\up1(24)) go away to university外出去上大学 eq \o(○,\s\up1(25)) be up to(口语)正在做，忙于 eq \o(○,\s\up1(26)) hotpot/'hɒtpɒt/n.火锅 eq \o(○,\s\up1(27)) tasty adj.美味可口的 eq \o(○,\s\up1(28)) talk of谈到，说到 eq \o(○,\s\up1(29)) firecracker/'faIəˌkrækə/n.鞭炮，爆竹 eq \o(○,\s\up1(30)) entire adj.全部的；整个的※one's entire family某人的全家人Xu Gang a 28­year­old computer engineer working in Shanghai I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival, as train tickets or flights⑮ have to be booked as early as possible⑯. I take great care in⑰ choosing gifts for my parents. This year, I bought a bottle of wine⑱ for my father and a beautiful sweater for my mother.Every year, the moment I get on⑲ the train, I am surrounded⑳ by Shanxi accentsB21—I know that I am heading home to my familyB22. I don't get to travel back to Shanxi very often, so when I get home, my parents will fill me in onB23 what's been happening—who has got married [4] or had children or gone away to universityB24. It's great to hear what everyone's been up toB25.[4]get married是“get＋过去分词”结构，强调动作，而be married更强调状态We usually have hotpotB26—it's so tastyB27! However, what we eat isn't the most important thing. What's important is who we eat it with. It's a wonderful thing to be back together with my family and talk ofB28 old times. When I was a kid, Spring Festival was all about firecrackersB29, sweets and decorations. As I get older, coming home and being with my entireB30 family is the most important part of it.徐刚，28岁，计算机工程师，在上海工作我通常在春节前几周就开始计划回山西的行程，因为必须尽早预订火车票或机票。我非常细心地为父母挑选礼物。今年，我给父亲买了一瓶葡萄酒，给母亲买了一件漂亮的毛衣。每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。我不能经常回山西，因此每年回到家，我父母就会把这一年发生的事一股脑儿地告诉我，谁结婚了，谁有小孩了，谁上大学了。很高兴知道大家都在做什么。我们通常会吃火锅，很好吃！但是，吃什么不重要，重要的是和谁一起吃。和我的家人一起回到过去，谈论过去是一件很美好的事。当我还是个孩子的时候，春节是爆竹、糖果和装饰品。随着年龄的增长，回家和全家人待在一起则成了春节最重要的一部分。 eq \o(○,\s\up1(31)) retired/rI'taIəd/adj.退休的※a retired teacher退休教师 eq \o(○,\s\up1(32)) think about考虑，思考 eq \o(○,\s\up1(33)) buzz/bʌz/vi.闹哄哄，喧闹(～with)※a classroom buzzing with activities闹哄哄的教室 eq \o(○,\s\up1(34)) run around东奔西跑；(特指孩子)到处玩耍游逛 eq \o(○,\s\up1(35)) gather around聚在……周围 eq \o(○,\s\up1(36)) on this occasion在这个时候 eq \o(○,\s\up1(37)) a sign of一个……的象征 eq \o(○,\s\up1(38)) in the coming year来年 eq \o(○,\s\up1(39)) joy/dʒɔI/n.欢欣，愉快，喜悦※be filled with/full of joy充满欢乐 eq \o(○,\s\up1(40)) throughout/θruː'aʊt/prep.在整个期间，自始至终※throughout history纵观历史 eq \o(○,\s\up1(41)) original/ə'rIdʒInəl/adj.原先的，最早的，最初的 eq \o(○,\s\up1(42)) custom/'kʌstəm/n.风俗，习惯；传统※original customs原始习俗Li Yan a 70­year­old grandmother from HeilongjiangSpring Festival is family time for us. My husband and I are both retiredB31. We do not see our children and grandchildren very often and we miss them a lot. Weeks before Spring Festival, we start getting ready for their homecoming. Things start to get really busy. We think aboutB32 what the children would like to eat, what we need to buy and what dishes need to be prepared.Our house buzzesB33 with activities when everyone comes home. Our grandchildren run aroundB34 shouting and playing [5], and the adults gather aroundB35 the table to talk about the past year. Great fun is also enjoyed in the kitchen as jiaozi are being made. We always have jiaozi during this time, as they mean something special [6] on this occasionB36—they are a sign ofB37 our wishes for health and happiness in the coming yearB38. To me, this is Spring Festival— the joyB39 of a family gathering.[5]现在分词短语作伴随状语，伴随run around而发生[6]形容词修饰不定代词时要后置。又如：something interesting/important等ThroughoutB40 history, some of the originalB41 customsB42 have changed, but the spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept. Most of the important Spring Festival traditions are still being practised by people across the country.李燕，70岁，一位奶奶，居住黑龙江春节是我们的家庭时间。我和丈夫都退休了。我们不经常见到我们的孩子和孙子孙女，非常想念他们。春节前几周，我们开始为他们回家做准备。日子慢慢开始变得忙碌起来。我们琢磨孩子们喜欢吃什么，我们需要买什么，需要准备什么菜。当每个人都到家时，我们的房子充满各种活动和声响。我们的孙辈一边跑一边喊，一边玩，大人们围在桌子旁谈论过去的一年。厨房里也很有趣，因为正在包饺子。在这段时间里，我们通常吃饺子，因为它们在这个场合有一些特殊的含义——它们是我们期望来年健康和幸福的标志。对我来说，家庭团聚的快乐——就是春节。纵观历史，一些原始习俗已经改变了，但是春节的精神——家庭精神——在很大程度上得到了保留。全国各地的人们仍在践行着大部分重要的春节传统。►第一版块|重点单词诠释1)immediately adv.即刻，马上；接近，紧接，附近　conj.一……就) (教材原句)What words immediately come to your mind for describing its meaning?你会立刻想到什么词来描述它的意思？(1)act immediately 立即行动leave immediately 马上离开immediately after... 在……之后立即immediately obvious 能轻易看见的；很容易理解的(2)take immediate action 立刻采取行动give/make an immediate reaction/response 给予/作出即时的反应get/receive an immediate reaction/response 得到/收到即时的反应hold an immediate meeting 举行紧急会议in the immediate future 在最近的将来an immediate cause 直接原因❶She answered almost immediately.她几乎立刻就回答了。❷They moved in immediately before Christmas.他们临近圣诞节搬进去了。❸Immediately she'd gone, I remembered her name.她刚走开我就想起了她的名字。❹I went home immediately I had finished work.我一干完活就回家了。❺We made an immediate response.我们立即作出反应。❻She's out of immediate danger.她眼下已没有危险。❼The director is standing on her immediate right.主管就挨在她的右边站着。❽He is my immediate superior(＝the person directly above me) in the company.他在公司里是我的顶头上司。[联想]　(1)立刻，马上：at once, right now, right away(2)“一……就”的其他表达法as soon as...; directly.../instantly...；the moment.../the instant.../the minute.../the second...(3)immediate adj.立即的，立刻的；目前的，当前的，迫切的；接近的，附近的，紧接的；直系的，直接的[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The plane began to turn to the left almost ________ (immediate) after takeoff.②I'll call you ________ (immediate) I hear anything.③The customer has only to bring the goods in to any branch and ________ immediate, no­questions­asked replacement will be provided.④________ (immediate) he had finished tea, he rose without delay to go out.⑤________ moment she saw him, she left the room with her face going red in a hurry.完成句子⑥It is hoped that ____________________ (立即行动) will be taken to deal with this pressing problem.⑦If your letter doesn't require ________________________ (立即答复), it is often answered by a phone call or text later.2)account n．描述，报道；账户，账号；账，账目　v．(～for)在数量、比例上占；是……的原因；解释，说明) (教材原句)Read the three readers' accounts.阅读三位读者的叙述。(1)put sth. on sb.'s account 把……记在某人账上give an account of 描述……give a vivid account of 生动描述on account of 因为，由于on account 记账；以赊账的方式on that account 由于那个原因take account of/take...into account 考虑到，顾及on no account 决不，绝对不(位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装)an Internet/email account 互联网/电子邮件账户do the accounts 记账an account book 账本，账簿open/close an account 开户/销户a joint account 联合账户give a detailed account 详细的描述(2)account for 是……的原因；解释；(数量/比例上)占❶She gave the police a full account of the incident.她向警方详尽地叙述了所发生的事情。❷My father helped me set up a bank account.我爸爸帮我开了个银行账户。❸You can withdraw money from the account at any time.你可以随时从这个账户中提款。❹What's your account number, please？请问你的账号是什么？❺I paid the cheque into my savings account.我把支票存入我的储蓄账户。❻The Chinese market accounts for 35% of the company's revenue.中国市场占该公司收入的35%。❼The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.天气不好可能是人来得少的原因。❽Oh well, that accounts for it(＝I understand now why it happened).哎呀，原来是这么一回事。❾How do you account for the show's success?你认为这次演出为何成功？[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Several eyewitnesses' ________ (account) differed greatly from the official version of events.②I've opened ________ account with a building society.③It is said that body language accounts ________ 55 percent of a first impression while what you say just 7 percent.④________ no account can we tolerate violence against children.⑤The president refused to deliver the speech himself, on account ________ a sore throat.⑥I hope my teacher will take ________ account the fact that I was ill just before the exams when she marked my paper.⑦One must take account ________ the audience when making speeches.完成句子⑧____________________ (我们绝不能) shut our eyes to the more and more serious environmental problems.⑨The girl __________________________(准确描述了) what she had seen that day.3)summarise vi. & vt.总结，概括(summarize)) (教材原句)Use a few words to summarise the meaning of Spring Festival for each account.用几句话来总结每个叙述中春节的意义。(1)summarise the main idea 总结大意summarise the reason 总结原因summarise the experience 总结经验summarise main points 概括要点to summarise 总结来说(2)in summary 总的来说a news summary 新闻综述write a summary of the story 写故事概要make a summary report 作简要报告give a summary of 对……进行总结❶I'll just summarise the main points of the argument in a few words.我将用几句话概括一下这个论点的要点。❷To summarise, we believe the company cannot continue.总而言之，我们认为该公司不能继续下去。❸In summary, this was a disappointing performance.总的来说，这场演出令人失望。❹Can you give me a quick summary of your research?你能给我简要概括一下你的研究吗？❺I made a summary report for the records.对记录内容作了扼要报告。[词语拓展]　summary n．总结；概括；概要adj.总结性的，概括的，概要的[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The results of the research ________ (summarise) at the end of the chapter.②These results can ________(summarise) in the following table.③________ summarise, there are three main categories.④________ summary, this is a clever way of solving a common problem.⑤At the end of the news, they often give you ________ summary of the main stories.⑥He gave us a short summary ________ the meeting.⑦________ (summarise), we have seen great changes happening to make students more active.4)host n．主人；东道主；主持人　vt.主办，主持；作为主人组织(聚会)，做东) (教材原句)It was my first time spending Spring Festival in China with my host family.这是我第一次在中国和我的寄宿家庭一起过春节。(1)play host to 招待/接待(人)主办，(活动)be host to sb. (作为主人)招待/款待某人(2)host the Olympic Games 举办奥运会host a dinner 设宴host a show/programme 主持节目host a meeting 主持会议(3)an air hostess 空姐a TV game show host 电视游戏节目主持人the host nation for the next World Cup 下届世界杯的主办国❶Apart from the host, I didn't know a single person there.除了主人，那儿的人我一个也不认识。❷I played host to my best friend, Li Ming last night.昨天晚上我招待了最好的朋友李明。❸Shanghai will play host to the next Tennis Masters Cup.上海将举办下届网球大师杯赛。❹The college is (playing) host to a group of visiting Russian scientists.这所学院接待了一批来访的俄国科学家。❺Which country is hosting the next Olympic Games?哪个国家将主办下届奥运会？❻When choosing a person to host the show, there are certain things we need to consider.在选择这个节目的主持人时，有一些情况我们需要考虑。❼Mary has always been the perfect hostess on the TV station.玛丽一直是这个电视台的完美女主持。❽The hostess made her guests comfortable.女主人使客人们感到舒适自在。❾Now that she's an air hostess, foreign travel doesn't appeal to her.她既然当了空姐，国外旅行对她就没有吸引力了。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Japan is playing host ________ the next international meeting.②I am lucky as I am one of the ________ (host).③Last Sunday she ________ (host) a ball for 300 guests.④One of the ________ (hostess) on tonight's show is Mary.⑤You need a lot of knowledge to be ________ air hostess.⑥All these stadiums are still functional, still open and still ________ (host) the biggest events in world sport.完成句子⑦Germany ________________________ (主办了世界杯决赛).⑧The college is ________________________ (接待) a group of visiting Russian scientists.⑨Zhangjiakou is one of the ________________________ (主办城市) for the 2022 Winter Olympics.(5)sweep vt.扫，打扫；扫除；（迅猛地）推送，吹走，冲走，带走；猛烈吹过，席卷，横扫；掠过，扫视，搜索，轻轻掠过(教材原句)My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year.我的房东妈妈陈太太说这是消除过去一年的积尘，为新的一年做准备。(1)sweep up/out 打扫；清扫/打扫干净sweep away 扫除，清除；消灭，彻底消除，完全打消sweep sb. up 一把抱起某人sweep in 吹进，灌进sweep across 席卷，横扫sweep through 席卷；轻易通过sweep over 涌上心头sweep off 扫清；吹走(2)sweep the country 席卷全国sweep the floor/dust 清扫地板/扫去灰尘a road/carpet sweeper 马路清洁工/地毯清洁器❶The showroom has been emptied and swept clean.陈列室已经清空并打扫干净了。❷He swept the leaves up into a pile.他把树叶扫成一堆。❸Mother told Tom to sweep away the fallen leaves in the yard.妈妈要汤姆扫除庭院里的落叶。❹We clean the house to sweep away bad luck.我们打扫房间以清除掉坏运气。❺The boat was swept out to sea.船只被吹到大海里去了。❻Rain swept in through the broken windows.雨水从破窗户灌进屋内。❼A rare snowstorm swept across the region yesterday.昨天一场罕见的暴风雪袭击了该地区。❽His eyes swept around the room.他把房间扫视了一遍。❾Searchlights swept the sky.探照灯在空中扫来扫去。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①A sudden feeling of sadness swept ________ all of my anger.②On Sunday morning after getting up, I helped my mother sweep ________ the house and wash clothes.③The fallen leaves are being swept ________ by the old man.④Without another word she ________ (sweep) out the room.⑤He rushed to greet her, ________ (sweep) his arms wide.⑥John is proud that his father is a ________ (sweep).⑦She let herself ________ (sweep) along by the crowd.完成句子⑧Chinese people would ____________________ (打扫干净他们的房屋) before Spring Festival.⑨Any doubts had long since ____________________ (已完全消除).⑩Uncontrollable anger ____________________ (涌上心头) Jim when he learned how Mary had been treated.6)character n．字，字体，符号；人物，角色；(人、集体的)品质，性格，(地方的)特点，特性；勇气，毅力) (教材原句)Next, the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.接下来，汉字“福”倒贴在我们的前门上。(1)have a strong/weak character 个性强/不强in character 符合……的个性；在性格方面out of character 不符合……的个性character building 性格塑造shape one's character 塑造某人的性格in character with 与……风格相同(2)Chinese characters 汉字the main/central/leading character 主角/中心人物/主要人物a television/movie/cartoon character 电视剧/电影/卡通片人物the American character 美国人的性格a man of good character 品德高尚的人❶Which Chinese character would you choose to sum up the past year?你会选择哪个汉字来总结过去的一年？❷The film's central character is played by Collard himself.这部影片的主角由科勒德亲自扮演。❸Generosity is part of the Chinese character.慷慨是中国人性格的一部分。❹Everyone admires her strength of character and determination.每一个人都钦佩她坚强的性格和决心。❺Adventure camps are considered to be character­building.冒险野营生活被认为能磨练意志。❻The athlete has shown great strength of character.这位运动员表现得很有毅力。❼Her behaviour last evening was completely out of character.她昨晚的举止与她的个性完全不符。[词语拓展]　characteristic adj.独特的，显示……特性的n.特征；特点[句式]　be a characteristic of是……的特色it is characteristic of sb. to do sth.做某事是某人的特征[即学即练]　写出句中character的含义①This is a shopping list written in Chinese characters.________②She's a curious character—I don't really know what to think of her.________③The book gives a fascinating insight into Mrs Blair's character.________④Humour is part of the American character.________⑤The whole character of the school has changed.________单句语法填空⑥The story is built around three main ________ (character).⑦It's a play ________ a lot of characters.⑧The twin brothers are alike in appearance but differ greatly ________ character.⑨They get dead drunk and act greatly out ________ character, shouting and crying.⑩The new wing of the museum was not really in character ________ the rest of the building.完成句子⑪Jogging can not only build up your body but also ________________________ (塑造你的性格).7)attach vt.贴；固定；附上；认为有重要性(或意义、价值等)，重视；和……在一起，缠着；与……有联系) (教材原句)attach to使贴/系/粘在……；使相关；使牵连；依附(1)attach...to... 把……固定在/附在/贴在……上attach great importance/significance/weight to... 非常重视……attach little/great value to... 认为……几乎没有/很有价值(2)be attached to 喜欢/附属于……a child's strong attachment to its parents 孩子对父母的强烈依恋❶I attached a photo to my application form.我在申请表上贴了一张照片。❷I attach a copy of my notes for your information.我附上一份笔记供你参考。❸They have attached a number of conditions to the agreement.他们在协议上附加了一些条件。❹We should attach great weight to children's mental health.我们应该重视儿童心理健康。❺I attach great importance to the research.我认为这项研究十分重要。❻The teacher attaches great value to students' creativity.这位老师很重视学生的创造力。[词语拓展]　(1)attached adj.附着的；附属于；喜欢的，依恋的The research unit is attached to the university.这个研究单位附属于这所大学。He is deeply attached to dancing.他深深迷恋着跳舞。(2)attachment n．附件，附属品；依恋，爱慕Father and child form a close attachment.父子情深。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Did you remember to attach a label ________ the present?②Whenever my parents talk with me, they always attach great importance ________ how necessary it is for us young people to rely on ourselves both in work and in life.③She attaches great value to ______ (be) financially independent.④I've never seen two people so ________ (attach) to each other.⑤Please complete the ________ (attach) application form.⑥My younger brother is studying in a high school ________ (attach) to Renmin University of China.⑦Some people's ________ (attach) to their smartphones is becoming more important than the lives of themselves and others.完成句子⑧They ____________________________ (依恋他们的家庭).⑨The health of the elderly is a problem ____________________________ (我们应该重视的).8)expectant adj.期待的，期望的　expectantly adv.期待地，期望地　expect vt.期待，期望，预料) (1)an expectant crowd 满怀期待的人群children with expectant faces 带着期盼神情的孩子们expectant mothers/fathers 准妈妈/爸爸children with expectant faces 带着期盼的神情的孩子们(2)expect to do sth. 期望做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期待/预料某人做某事expect too much from sb. 对某人期望过高be expected to 预计；理应，应当live up to expectations 按照期望做到，不负众望beyond expectation 出乎意料waiting expectantly 满怀期望地等待as is expected 正如所预料的那样It is expected that... 预计……❶She turned to me with an expectant look on her face.她转身望着我，脸上带着期待的表情。❷We were expecting him to arrive yesterday.我们一直盼望着他昨天到达。❸We are expecting a rise in food prices this month.我们预计这个月食物价格会上涨。❹You can't expect to learn a foreign language in a few months.你不要指望在几个月内就学会一门外语。❺We are confident in our expectation of a full recovery.我们满怀信心地期待着完全康复。❻The event did not live up to expectations.这项比赛有负众望。❼Unfortunately the new software has failed to meet expectations.遗憾的是新软件并不理想。❽She looked at him expectantly.她满怀期望地看着他。[拓展]　expect vt.预料，预期；等待，期待，盼望；要求，期望，指望expectation n．预料，预期，期待；希望，盼望；期望，指望[即学即练]　单句语法填空①________ expectant mother is someone whose child has not yet been born.②You arrived earlier than I ________ (expect).③The scientists expect ________ (find) a chemical cure for lung cancer within five years.④It ________ (expect) that former Foreign Minister Von Brentano will return to the Cabinet.⑤Don't expect me ________ (come) and visit you there.⑥I was expecting a present ________ her, so I was disappointed when I didn't receive one.⑦It would not live up to his/her ________．⑧The new president of the university is trying his best to live up ________ the expectations of the students.⑨The others waited, looking at him ________ (expectant).⑩In today's game the Chinese basketball team played ________ expectation.9)scare vt.吓唬；使(某人)惊恐　n．恐慌，恐惧) (教材原句)Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away the monster Nian.陈太太说这是为了吓跑年兽。(1)scare sb./sth. away (＝scare sb./sth. off) 把……吓跑scare sb.  eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(to death 把某人吓得要死,into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事,out of doing sth. 吓得某人不做某事)) (2)(be)scared to death 吓得要死be scared of (doing) sth. 害怕某物/(做)某事be scared to do sth. 不敢做某事be scared＋(that)宾语从句 害怕/担心……a scared look 惊恐的表情a scared child 受惊的孩子(3)It scares sb. to do sth. 做某事让某人感到害怕。❶It scared me to think I was alone in the building.想到楼里只有我一个人，怪害怕的。❷His threats scared them out of carrying out the plan.他的威胁迫使他们不敢实行该计划。❸You gave me a scare！你吓了我一跳！❹We've had quite a scare.我们吓得不轻。❺The thieves got scared and ran away.小偷们害怕了，就跑了。❻He's scared of heights.他有恐高症。❼She is scared of going out alone.她害怕一个人外出。❽People are scared to use the buses late at night.人们不敢在深夜乘坐公共汽车。❾I'm scared (that) I'm going to fall.我担心自己会掉下去。 eq \o(○,\s\up1(10)) I was scared to death (＝was very frightened).我吓得要死。 eq \o(○,\s\up1(11)) It was a really scary moment.那一刻真是吓人。 eq \o(○,\s\up1(12)) There's something very scary about him.他身上有种非常吓人的东西。[拓展]　(1)scary adj.令人害怕的(2)scared adj.害怕的scary adj.(表示事物的本身特点)令人恐惧/害怕的scared adj.(表示人的心理状态)感到害怕/惊恐的如：scary film恐怖电影a scared look惊恐的表情[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The ugly scenes ________ (scare) the holiday crowds away.②He was almost scared ________ death when the man in the armchair turned around.③You can't scare me ________ telling you anything.④When I was a little child, I was scared ________ being left alone at home.⑤I'm scared ________ (look) down from the top of a building.⑥I wanted to ask her out, but was ________ (scare) that she might refuse.⑦Rising prices are scaring customers ________．⑧Don't you realise what ________ scare you've given us all?⑨The elevator suddenly dropped, ________ (scare) the people in it.⑩Day after day, you'll have new experiences which can be ________ (scare), but it can also be fun.⑪The child shouting in a ________ (scare) voice needed the comfort and security of a loving hand, or a hug, or a lap to sit on.10)flight n．航班；空中航行，飞行，飞翔；逃跑，逃避；楼梯的一段) (教材原句)．..as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.……因为必须尽早预订火车票或机票。a domestic/an international flight 国内/国际航班a smooth/comfortable flight 平稳/舒适的空中航行book/catch/miss a flight 预定航班/赶上飞机/误机a long/short flight 长途/短途飞行flight safety 飞行安全a bird in flight 飞行中的鸟take flight 逃走a flight of stairs/steps 一段楼梯/台阶❶We've booked on the same flight.我们订了同一班机的机票。❷Flight is natural to birds.飞翔是鸟类的天性。❸When the alarm sounded, the robbers took flight in a hurry.警报声响起时，劫匪匆忙逃跑了。❹She fell down a flight of stairs/steps and hurt her back.她从一段楼梯上跌了下来，摔伤了后背。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①All ________ (flight) to New York today are delayed because of bad weather.②You may be physically and mentally tired after a long ________ (fly).③Owing to situations beyond our control, the flight ________ Rome has been called off.④The two men met with each other ________ a flight from Hefei to Quanzhou.⑤His flight to Zhengzhou connects with ________ afternoon flight to Hefei.⑥Its real purpose is the launching and recovering of small aeroplanes ________ flight.⑦We walked in silence up ________ flight of stairs and down a long corridor.11)surround vt.环绕，围绕) (1)surround...with... 用……包围……surround oneself with 和……在一起，与……为伍be surrounded by/with 被……包围/环绕(2)the surrounding area 周围地区the surrounding scenery 周围的环境work in pleasant surroundings 在愉快的环境中工作get/be used to the new surroundings 适应新环境live in comfortable surroundings 生活在舒适的环境中❶Tall trees surround the lake.大树环绕着湖。❷Armed police surrounded a house in the street.全副武装的警察包围了这条街上的一栋房子。❸The lake is surrounded with/by trees.湖边树木环绕。❹As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness.幼年时我备受关爱。❺David likes to surround himself with young people.戴维喜欢与年轻人为伍。[易混比较]　surroundings与environment·surroundings专指自然环境，侧重于周围的事物。·environment可指自然环境，也可指精神环境，侧重于环境对人的感受、道德观念产生的影响。These children grew up in beautiful surroundings but not in a happy home environment．这些孩子成长的地方很美，但是缺少一个幸福的家庭环境。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Gwen sat at her desk, ________ (surround) by books and papers.②________ (surround) yourself with encouraging individuals who challenge you to be better.③The house ________ (surround) by trees, so it doesn't stand out at all.④A lot of the children at the school do not live in the town, but come in from the ________ (surround) countryside.⑤The boy adapted with ease to his new ________ (surround).⑥________ (surround) by the policemen, the thief couldn't escape being caught.12)accent n．口音，腔调；重音；着重点，强调　vt.着重，强调，突出) a northern/Dublin/Scottish accent 北方/都柏林/苏格兰口音a strong/broad accent 浓重的口音with/without an accent 带有/不带口音get rid of an accent 改掉口音put the accent on 在……标上重音；强调，重视accent the second syllable 重读第二个音节❶She spoke English with an accent.她说英语带有口音。❷She spoke with an Irish accent.她说话带有爱尔兰口音。❸He flattered himself that he spoke French with a perfect accent.他自以为他说法语的腔调很完美。❹In “today” the accent is on the second syllable.“today”一词的重音在第二个音节上。❺The accent falls on the third syllable.重音落在第三个音节上。❻The government put the accent on light industry.政府注重轻工业。❼Please accent the first syllable.请重读第一个音节。❽The women accent their eyes with make­up.女性用化妆品来突出眼部。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①She had never heard ________ accent like his.②She spoke ________ a strong Australian accent.③She speaks Chinese ________ an accent and is often mistaken for a Chinese.④He is putting the accent ________ keeping calm in case of fire.完成句子⑤Few of us speak English ________________ (不带口音), and few of the foreign listeners will laugh at your accent.⑥The best way to quickly ________________ (去掉你的口音) is to expose yourself to as much English media as possible.13)retired adj.退休的　retire v．(使)退休　retirement n．退休，退休生活，退职，退出，引退) (教材原句)My husband and I are both retired.我和丈夫都退休了。retire from/as 从……退休/作为……退休a retired doctor 退休医生after retirement 退休后a retirement pension 退休金❶The organisation is headed by a retired police officer.该组织由一位退休警官领导。❷We called on an old worker just retired.我们拜访了一位刚刚退休的老工人。❸She was forced to retire early from teaching because of ill health.她由于身体不好而被迫早早地从教学岗位上退休。❹He has no plans to retire as editor of the magazine.他还不打算从杂志编辑的位子上退休。❺She took to painting after retirement.她退休后爱上绘画。❻At 60, he was now approaching retirement.他60岁了，就要退休了。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①His ________ (retire) parents would certainly have had less economic security back then.②He'll get ￡50，000 from the company when he ________ (retire), which is a tidy sum.③The magazine suggested incorrectly that he was planning ________ (retire).④Since retiring ________ the company, she has done voluntary work for a charity.⑤The idea of having to sell their home and move into a ________ (retire) home was an extremely painful experience for them.⑥He spent the last fourteen years of his life ________ retirement.14)joy n．[U]欢欣，愉快，喜悦；[C]令人高兴的人(或事)；乐事；乐趣　joyful adj.欢喜的；令人高兴的　joyfully adv.高兴地，喜悦地) (教材原句)To me, this is Spring Festival—the joy of a family gathering.对我来说，家庭团聚的快乐——就是春节。(1)to one's joy 令某人高兴的是jump for joy 高兴得跳起来our joy and sadness 我们的欢乐和悲伤be filled with joy＝be full of joy 充满欢乐bring joy to sb. 给某人带来快乐(2)a joyful meeting 令人高兴的见面greet him joyfully 快乐地跟他打招呼❶To his great joy, she accepted.使他感到非常高兴的是她接受了。❷She's a joy to work with.和她一起工作很愉快。❸The game was a joy to watch.这比赛观看起来真开心。❹The meeting between the two families was a joyful one.这两家人的聚会十分愉快。❺They began to work harder than ever and more joyfully.他们开始比以前更努力、更快乐地工作。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①________ her great joy, her son had been found alive and well.②We all jump ________ joy after knowing that our class won the singing competition.③Spending evenings outside is one of the ________ (joy) of summer.④Christmas is such a ________ (joy) time of year.⑤She passed the finishing line ________ (joy).完成句子⑥Since this was my first time to take the plane, I ________________ (满心欢喜).⑦Hearing the news that was brought by him, they all ________________ (高兴地跳了起来).15)throughout prep.在整个期间，自始至终(＝all through)；各处，遍及(＝all over)　adv.自始至终；各处，遍及) (教材原句)Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed.纵观历史，一些原始习俗已经改变了……throughout one's life＝all through one's life 在某人的一生中throughout the year＝all through the year 全年throughout the day/night＝all through the day/night 整个白天/夜晚throughout the country＝all over the country 全国throughout the world＝all over the world 全世界❶The museum is open daily throughout the year.这个博物馆一年到头每天都开放。❷They export their products to markets throughout the world.他们把产品出口到世界各地的市场。❸The floods caused great damage throughout the area.洪水给整个地区造成了巨大破坏。❹The house was painted white throughout.这所房子全都粉刷成了白色。❺The ceremony lasted two hours and we had to stand throughout.仪式进行了两个小时，我们自始至终都得站着。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①He was faithful to his wife ________ their 30­year marriage.②All ________ his years in prison, he fought to clear his name.③The news soon found its way ________ the country.④The war is a focus all ________ the world.完成句子⑤Just keep music ______________ (一直播放下去).⑥She's been leading ________________ (赛跑中), but it now looks as if she's tired.⑦The national tragedy of rival groups killing each other continued ________________ (1990年全年).16)custom n．习俗，习惯；传统，习性，惯常行为；光顾　customer n．顾客，主顾　customs n．海关) a local custom 当地的风俗an old/ancient custom 旧的/古老的习俗break a custom 打破风俗习惯follow/observe a custom 遵守一种风俗respect a custom 尊重风俗become a custom/habit 成为一种习惯the custom of giving presents 赠送礼物的习俗❶It is the custom in that country for women to marry young.女子早婚是那个国家的风俗。❷Different ethnic groups have different cultures and customs.不同的种族拥有不同的文化和习俗。❸They have the custom of playing cards on card tables in the middle of the street.他们有在街中央围着牌桌打扑克的习惯。❹It was his custom to approach every problem cautiously.谨慎地处理每个问题是他的习惯。❺Customs officers turned the man over to the police.海关官员把那个男子移交给警方看管。❻It took us ages to get through customs when we got back from Italy.我们从意大利回来时花了很长时间办理海关手续。[比较]　custom/habit/practice·custom指在一个社会(集体)中公认的行为方式和习俗。·habit侧重于个人养成的习惯，强调习惯成自然，常常是不自觉的，不易破除的意味。·practice指个人或社会的“惯常做法，惯例或习惯性的工作方式”。如：Modern practice in dentistry favours less use of anaesthetics.现代牙医的惯常做法是少用麻醉剂。It is his practice to furnish references to all the quotations.他的一贯做法是在每句引文后注明出处。It is hard to form a good habit.养成好习惯不容易。[说明]　custom的复数形式还可以表示“海关；关税”：customs officers海关官员customs duty/duties进口税pay customs on sth.为某物缴纳关税[即学即练]　单句语法填空①It's ________ custom which is beginning to die out.②It's ________ old custom to set off fireworks during Spring Festival.③In Japan ________ is the custom to take off your shoes when you enter a house.④She's studying the language and ________ (custom) of the Hopi Indians.⑤I paid 40 dollars in customs ________ the Swiss watch.⑥You don't have to pay ________ (custom) on any alcohol or tobacco brought for your own use in another EU country.选词填空：custom/habit/practice⑦The married women of that place maintained the ________ of blackening their teeth.⑧It is common ________ in the US to tip the waiter.⑨It's not a good ________ to stay up late and get up late, which is of no benefit to our health.►第二版块|重要短语讲解1)put up张贴，公布；举起，抬起；提升，提高，增加；建造，搭建，竖立；留宿，住宿；推荐，提名) (教材原句)to put up decorations张贴装饰品(1)put up a building/tent 盖楼房/搭帐篷put up one's hand 举手put up the rent 提高租金put up a notice 贴出通知put up a flag 升旗put up an argument/a proposal 提出论据/建议put up at a hotel 在旅馆住宿(2)put aside 忽视，不理睬；储存，保留put away 将……收起；积蓄，攒钱put back 将……放回；推迟，延迟；向后拨put down 放下；记下；镇压put forward 推荐，举荐；将……提前；拨快(时钟指针)；提出，提议put off 推迟，延迟put on 穿上，戴上；增加体重；举办，上演，展出put out 扑灭，熄灭；生产，制造；出版，广播，公布put out a candle/cigarette/light 熄灭蜡烛/香烟/灯火put up with 忍受，容忍(tolerate)❶They're putting new street signs up.他们正张贴新的路标。❷She's put her hair up.她把头发挽在头上。❸Put up your hands if you have any questions.若有问题请举手。❹They've put up the rent by ￡20 a month.他们把每月的租金提高了20英镑。❺Their friends suggested they should put up their prices.他们的朋友们建议他们提高价格。❻They've put up a lot of high­rise buildings recently.最近他们盖起了很多高楼大厦。❼He's useless at DIY. He won't even put up a shelf.他的动手能力很差，甚至连搭个架子都不会。❽We can put you up for the night.今晚我们可以留你过夜。❾We put up at a motel.我们住在一家汽车旅馆。 eq \o(○,\s\up1(10)) The Party hopes to put up more candidates in the next election.党派希望在下届大选中推出更多的候选人。 eq \o(○,\s\up1(11)) Your suggestion is to be put up at the next meeting of the board.你的建议将在下次董事会上提出。[注意]　put up中的up是副词，人称代词作宾语时要放在put与up中间。put it up (√)　put up it (×)[即学即练]　写出句中put up的含义①They are putting up several new office blocks in the centre of the town.________②The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.________③He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of putting up at a hotel for the night.________④If you have any questions, you can put up your hands and turn to your teacher.________⑤She is putting herself up for the election to the committee.________单句语法填空⑥The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put ________ the fire.⑦I was hoping Kenny could put me ________ for a few days.⑧I put ________ half an hour every day to write my diary.⑨The meeting has been put ________ to next week.⑩The meeting's on the 22nd. Put it ________ in your diary.⑪Can I put you/your name ________ for club secretary?⑫We've put the wedding ________ by one week.⑬We've had to put ________ our wedding until September.⑭She looks like she's put ________ weight.⑮I'm not going to put up ________ their smoking any longer.2)let off使某物爆炸，放炮；排放；饶恕，放过(with)；免除) (教材原句)to let off fireworks燃放烟花(1)let sb. off sth. 允许某人不做某事/不去某地let sb. off (with sth.) 不惩罚，宽恕，从轻处罚let sb. off lightly 对某人从轻处罚let sb. off with a warning 某人未被处罚，仅仅受警告let us off homework 允许我们不做家庭作业(2)let alone 更不用说，更何况let...go/let go of... 放开，松手；释放let down 使失望；放下，降低，降下let...in 让……进来；放进let in the fresh air 让新鲜空气进来let...out 发出(叫声等)；泄露，释放let sb. alone/be 不打扰某人，不要管某人❶A resident let off fireworks to celebrate the revolution.一个居民燃放了烟花来庆祝革命。❷Many other human activities also let off carbon gases.许多其他的人类活动也排放含碳气体。❸They let us off lightly.他们对我们从轻发落了。❹She was let off with a warning.她没被处罚，只是受了个警告。❺He let us off homework today.他今天免了我们的家庭作业。,[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The teacher forbade the pupils to let ________ fireworks in school.②Instead of a prison sentence, they ________ (let) off with a fine.③It is unlikely that the 12­year­old managed to even reach the pedals, let ________ drive the car.④When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go ________ your hate.⑤I'm sure she won't let us ________ in the next exam.⑥I opened our bedroom windows to let ________ the wind.⑦It remains unknown who let ________ the secret.3)upside down倒置地，颠倒地→inside out里面朝外) turn sth. upside down 把……翻得乱七八糟，使凌乱不堪；给(某人生活)造成大的变化(或混乱)up and down 上下波动，来来回回hang sth. upside down 把……挂颠倒了take sth. upside down 把……拿颠倒了put sth. upside down 把某物放倒❶Turn the bottle upside down and you'll see the change inside.把瓶子倒过来，你会看到里面的变化。❷His sudden death turned her world upside down.他的突然离世使她的生活完全乱套了。❸He put on his coat in a hurry, as a result, inside out.他急急忙忙穿上上衣，结果里面朝外了。[即学即练]　翻译句子①学生们把椅子倒放在书桌上。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________②把罐子倒过来摇一摇。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________③这幅画挂颠倒了。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________►第三版块|疑难句型剖析1)It is/was＋过去分词＋that主语从句。) (教材原句)It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives.据说“福”字被倒贴时，幸福就会到来。　　　　It is recorded/supposed that... 据记载/据推测……It is well known that... 众所周知……It is suggested/advised that... 有人建议……It is ordered/commanded that... 命令……It is required/demanded/requested that... 要求/请求……It is said/reported/announced that... 据说/据报道/据宣布……It is thought/considered/believed/agreed/argued/hoped that... 人们认为/人们相信/人们主张/人们希望……❶It is said that the world would run out of fresh water in 2050.据说到2050年世界上的淡水将会耗尽。❷It is argued that husbands and wives are responsible for housework.有人认为丈夫和妻子都应该负责做家务。❸It is announced that the sports meet will be held next Tuesday.据宣布，运动会将在下周二举行。❹It is recorded that there have been a lot of earthquakes in this area.据记载，这个地区以前发生过多次地震。❺It is ordered that the patient (should) be operated on immediately.得到指示，那个病人得立即做手术。❻It is required that every student (should) wear a school uniform today.今天，所有学生都被要求穿校服。[学法点拨]　(1)在该句型中， it是形式主语， that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。如果主句谓语是表示“坚持、建议、命令、要求”等动词，主语从句要用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”， should可以省略。It is requested that all the members (should) be present at the meeting tomorrow.要求所有成员都参加明天的会议。(2)“It is/was＋过去分词＋that主语从句．”可以转换为“Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式．”或“People＋动词＋that...”。一句多译：据说他们赢得了比赛。It is said that they have won the game.＝They are said to have won the game.＝People say that they have won the game.[比较]　“It is/was＋过去分词＋that主语从句．”与as引导的定语从句的区别It is reported that the famous photographer founded a new studio.据报道，这位著名的摄影师创办了一个新的工作室。(It是形式主语， that...studio是主语从句，是真正的主语)As is reported, the famous photographer founded a new studio.据报道，这位著名的摄影师创办了一个新的工作室。(As是关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句)[即学即练]　单句语法填空①________ is considered that the responsibility for learning lies on the students rather than teachers.②It is said ________ the world's whole population will grow from 6.1 billion in 2000 to 11 billion.③It ________ (believe) that the part diet plays in our good health is very important.④It is required that every passenger ________ (carry) their ID card when entering the station.⑤________ was announced at the end of the meeting, an agreement had been reached.⑥________ was announced that at the end of the meeting an agreement had been reached.⑦It is reported that a space station ________ (build) on the moon in years to come.⑧A space station is reported ________ (build) on the moon in years to come.⑨________ is said that the exhibition will last for a month in the school hall.⑩It is suggested/advised that sunscreen ________ be applied every one to two hours in a sunny day.完成句子⑪________________ (众所周知) adolescents often select peers who take part in behaviours similar to their own.⑫________________________ (众所周知), the earth moves around the sun.⑬He ____________________________________ (据说被一所著名大学录取了), for which he has worked hard for three years.2)with复合结构) (教材原句)Children were covering their ears but with an expectant look on their faces.孩子们虽捂着耳朵，脸上却充满期待的表情。句式分析　(1)构成：with＋宾语＋宾补　宾补可以是现在分词(表主动或进行)、过去分词(表被动或完成)、不定式(表尚未发生)，也可以是形容词、副词、介词短语等。否定形式用“without＋宾语＋宾补”。❶In summer, she usually sleeps with the windows open.夏天，她通常开着窗户睡觉。(形容词作宾补)❷He left the room with the light on.他亮着灯离开了房间。(副词作宾补)❸Without anyone noticing, he slipped out from the back door.没人注意，他从后门溜走了。(现在分词作宾补)❹Do you know the woman with a baby in her arms?你认识那个抱着婴儿的妇女吗？(介词短语作宾补)❺He lay in bed with his eyes focused on the ceiling.他躺在床上，眼睛盯着天花板。(过去分词短语作宾补)(2)用法：with复合结构在句中多数充当状语，表示行为方式、伴随情况、时间、原因或条件，也可以作定语。❻With the meal over, we all went home.吃完饭，我们都回家了。(时间状语)❼The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书。(伴随状语)❽He could not finish it without me to help him.我若不帮他，他不可能完成。(条件状语)❾Without anything left in the cupboard, she went out to get something to eat.橱柜里什么也没剩下，她就出去找点吃的。(原因状语) eq \o(○,\s\up1(10)) I like eating the mooncakes with eggs in them.我喜欢吃里面有鸡蛋的月饼。(定语)[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________ (follow) them.②The boy lay on the ground, his eyes closed and his hands ________ (tremble).③With our problem ________ (settle), he wasn't allowed to go out.④He was lying on the grass, his hands ________ (cross) under his head.⑤An important lecture ________ (give) tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night.⑥She looked back at him ________ fire in her eyes (眼中充满怒火).⑦John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work ________ (finish), he gladly accepted it.⑧In the reading room, we found her seated at a desk, her attention ________ (fix) on a book.⑨With so much work ________ (do), the boys were not allowed to go home.⑩With my son ________ (do) his homework, my wife didn't permit me to turn on the TV.3)“the＋时间名词”引导状语从句) (教材原句)Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents...每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围……句式分析　(1)the moment, the minute, the instant, the second引导时间状语从句，意思是“一……就……”。❶She burst into tears the moment she got the sad news.一听到这伤心的消息，她就哭了起来。❷The second the bell rang, the students rushed out of the classroom.铃声一响，学生都跑出了教室。(2)the day, the morning, the afternoon, the evening, the night, the week, the month, the season, the spring, the summer, the autumn, the winter, the year引导状语从句。❸The week I was in hospital, she attended me at the bedside day and night.我住院的一周里，她夜以继日在我床头边照顾我。(3)“the＋序数词＋time”， (the) next/last time❹He was writing a book the first time I saw him.我第一次看见他时，他在写一本书。❺(The) Next time you come, be sure to take your little daughter with you.下次你来时，一定要带上你的小女儿一起。(4)其他名词词组：each time, every time, any time❻Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.每次坐船，我都晕船。❼You are welcome to come back any time you want to.你什么时候想回来，我们都欢迎。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①The machine will start ________ moment you press this button.②________ instant I saw him, I knew that he was angry with me.③________ second I opened the window I saw a beautiful bird.④His father died ________ winter he went abroad.⑤Several traffic accidents took place on the highway ________ morning it snowed heavily.⑥________ day he returned home, his father was already dead.⑦________ month I went to Henan, Li Ming helped me look after my house.⑧A strange feeling came on Shelton ________ first time he saw them sitting there at lunch.⑨________ second time I talk to him, he admitted that he had made a big mistake.⑩I'll give him a black eye ________ next time he offends you.4)现在分词(短语)作伴随状语) (教材原句)We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner, wishing everyone a happy new year.然后我们坐在一起享受丰盛的晚餐，大家互相祝福新年快乐。句式分析　句中wishing everyone a happy new year是现在分词短语作伴随状语。❶Arriving at the cinema, he found the film had been over.他到达电影院时，发现电影已经结束。(时间状语)❷Having smoked too much, he has suffered from lung cancer.由于抽烟太多，他患了肺癌。(原因状语)❸The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩什么有用的东西。(一般式的结果)❹Working hard as he used to, he still couldn't succeed.尽管如过去一样努力工作，他仍未成功。(让步状语)[比较]　现在分词(短语)作结果状语/不定式(短语)作结果状语现在分词(短语)一般不作目的状语，但可作结果状语，往往表示自然而然的结果，而不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料的、不好的结果。The fire lasted nearly two days, leaving nothing valuable．大火持续将近两天，没剩下什么值钱的东西。(现在分词短语作状语，表示大火造成的自然而然的结果)He ran to the station only to find the train had left.他跑去车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。(不定式短语作状语，表示发现火车开走了是出乎意料的结果)[知识拓展]　现在分词(短语)可以在句中作时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随状语。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①To show this, she held up one chopstick, ________ (represent) one person.②He hurried to the railway station, only ________ (find) the train had gone. He didn't know how to deal with it.③If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, ________ (allow) even more oxygen to get to your muscles and your brain.完成句子④The boys and girls walked toward school, ________________ (又唱又笑).⑤________________ (如果好好表现), you shall get a nice award.5)动名词(短语)作句子主语) (教材原句)As I get older, coming home and being with my entire family is the most important part of it.随着年龄的增长，回家和全家人待在一起则成了春节最重要的一部分。句式分析　虽然是两个动名词短语并列作句子主语，但是它们指同一个概念(回家和全家人待在一起)，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式)结论：动名词(短语)在句中作主语，谓语动词用单数。动名词(短语)作主语与不定式(短语)在句中作主语的比较：动名词(短语)在句中作主语，表示多次的、经常性的行为；不定式(短语)在句中作主语，表示具体的或某一次的动作。下列句型中常用动名词(短语)作主语：(1)It is/was no use/no good/useless doing sth.做某事没有意义。(2)It is a waste of time doing sth.做某事是浪费时间。下列句型中常用不定式(短语)作主语：(1)It is important/necessary/easy/hard/difficult/challenging/possible/a pity/a shame to do sth.做某事很重要/必要/容易/困难/困难/有挑战性/有可能/遗憾/令人羞愧。(2)It takes sb. some time to do sth.花费某人一些时间做某事。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①Apparently, blindly ________ (follow) others' advice will affect our own judgment.②Turning one's life into a waiting game ________ (require) faith and hope, and is strictly for the optimists among us.③I know it is important ________ (know) my own limitations, but it is challenging ________ (help) others to know their own limitations.(6)“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句(教材原句)The Lantern Show exhibits over 60 series of lanterns, among which 12 are ice lanterns.灯会展出了60多个系列的灯，其中12个系列是冰灯。[说明]　(1)在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which或whom，不可用that或who。即介词＋关系代词 eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(which（物）,whom（人）)) (2)关系副词等于相应的“介词＋关系代词”，如：The date  eq \b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(on which,when))  he joined the army was October 12, 2018.他参军的日子是2018年10月12日。This is the campus  eq \b\lc\{\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(in which,where))  we are studying.这就是我们求学的校园。❶The course normally attracts about 100 students per year, of whom up to half will be from abroad．该课程通常每年吸引约100名学生，其中多达一半来自国外。(“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句， whom指代的是about 100 students)❷There used to be a time at which/during which (when) the Chinese people struggled for freedom.中国人曾经有一段为自由而斗争的日子。(时间状语)❸In 2006, we moved to Boston, in which (where) my grand parents live.2006年，我们才搬到了波士顿，我爷爷、奶奶就住在这里。(作地点状语)❹There's no reason for which (why) we shouldn't be friends.我们没有理由不成为朋友。(原因状语)❺There are varieties of ways in which (that) we can solve the problem.我们有很多方法可以解决这个问题。(方式状语),[温馨提示]　介词的确定要遵循“一先、二动、三意义”的原则。“一先”即根据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“二动”即根据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定介词；“三意义”即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。[即学即练]　单句语法填空①I bought a great many books, ________ I spent all money that I saved.②The colourless gas ________ we cannot live is called oxygen.③They also had a small pond ________ they raised fish.④Some experts think reading is the typical fundamental skill ________ which school education depends.⑤Many young people, most ________ were well­educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.⑥Here are the questions, ________ (＝________) I thought difficult for you.⑦Present at the meeting were almost experts on DNA, ________ (＝________) came from the USA.Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Which of the following can best ________ (概括) the main idea of the announcement?2．Jane is fed up with ________ (清扫) up the bits of paper and broken glass.3．We should take ________ (考虑) of the requests of our audience.4．Hiking by oneself is a sort of sport that is good for ________ (性格) building.5．They now live in a beautiful village, with many trees and flowers ________ (围绕) it, which helps them recover.6．Some people think a good ________ (惊吓) is a cure for hiccups (打嗝).Ⅱ.短语填空the first time, sweep up, attach...to, put up, surround...by..., let off, scare sb. away/off1．This autumn, he goes to his grandparents' house from time to time to ____________ the fallen leaves in the courtyard.2．In addition, we ____________ humorous acts ____________ our performances and received positive response.3．____________ thick bamboo, the ancient apartment hadn't been discovered until the 1960s.4．____________ I heard of Stephen Hawking, I was moved by his devotion and contribution to the research.5．A week before Earth Day, posters ____________ around our school, attracting our attention to joining in the actions for a greener earth.6．A bomb was ____________ in an underground train in London yesterday.7．The city's high murder rate has ____________ possible tourists.Ⅲ.单句语法填空1．________ he was absent from the party disappointed me. 2．________ the first time, I could see softness as well as warmth in his eyes.3．It's no use ________ (pretend) you are professional.4．________ is known to us students, the store features round­the­clock service.5．“It was ________ (scare). I knew it was the difference between life and death，” says Taylor.6．Why do the hikers take no notice of the ________ (surrounding) during the journey?7．A ________ (retire) engineer, 76­year­old Wilson has been offering free rides to college students for the past eight years.8．Popularization has in some cases changed the ________ (origin) meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence.9．I understood ________ (immediate) what my parents were worried about.10．We will put ________ the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.11．...this book also gives ________ account of the lives of lesser­known individuals including the explorer Mungo Park and sculptor Gutzon Borglum.Ⅳ.单句写作1．我们倾向于挂上气球来装饰房间。(tend to，put up，decorate)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．玛丽每次提起电视，她都说它是娱乐的源泉。(every time，entertainment)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．如果出现任何问题，请不要害怕。(arise，be scared about)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．那是我第一次网上冲浪。(It was the first time that, surf the Internet)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________