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高一英语上学期期中考试（北京卷）-2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（人教版2019）
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这是一份高一英语上学期期中考试（北京卷）-2023-2024学年高一英语上学期期中复习查缺补漏冲刺满分（人教版2019），共8页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分第Ⅰ卷两部分等内容，欢迎下载使用。
英语
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
Happiness always lies in giving help t thers. And Steven Smith has just set us a gd example.
Dnald Austin is a teacher. He had a 1 accident several mnths ag. And he had t spend three mnths in hspital. He als had part f his left 2 cut ff.
Nw he was able t g back hme. Dnald thught he culd g up the steps t the frnt dr f his hme using walking sticks. But he wasn’t as 3 as he had hped. And the wheelchair was t 4 . His wife, Jennifer Austin, culdn’t lift it up the steps, even with his mther’s help. Dnald gave up at last. And the family all felt very sad. They were ut f strength and almst lst 5 .
Just then, a car 6 their eyes. It had driven past but was slwly 7 back. The stranger, Steven Smith, stpped and asked if he culd help. The family watched Smith help Dnald inside the huse and place him carefully n the sfa. But Smith knew there was still mre t d.
He thught Dnald might have t 8 thse steps many times in the future. S the next day, Smith came t Dnald’s huse again. He asked if he culd build a ramp (斜坡) in frnt f the huse. With sme ther helping hands, Smith successfully built a ramp ver the steps. And nw the wheelchair can g up and dwn easily. The kind act brught the family t 9 .
“This stranger has 10 the day fr us twice within 24 hurs,” Jennifer wrte n Facebk. “He brught us hpe and made ur day mre beautiful.”
1．A．seriusB．strangeC．clearD．strict
2．A．armB．stmachC．heartD．leg
3．A．strngB．cleverC．weakD．thick
4．A．smallB．heavyC．fullD．cheap
5．A．mindB．hpeC．faceD．weight
6．A．keptB．threwC．heldD．caught
7．A．walkingB．fferingC．turningD．calling
8．A．jumpB．climbC．enterD．run
9．A．successB．surpriseC．tearsD．anger
10．A．receivedB．startedC．cntributedD．saved
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
My exchange year is abut t end. Withut dubt, this experience has been wrthwhile. I have 11 (successful) imprved my language skills thrugh 12 (cnversatin) with thers and my studies in schl. My speech team experience helped my English presentatin skills t develp. I understd mre abut hw t present in public 13 an effective and fun way. I met all kinds f peple there and had fun ding s.
B
Smg hits Beijing frequently, 14 has caused widespread cncern. T raise peple’s awareness, ur class 15 (hld) a series f activities last week. My grup was respnsible fr a presentatin at the class meeting. We first searched the Internet t find ut the causes, 16 (harm) effects and ways t deal with haze. Then we presented ur research findings t the whle class.
C
After cllege I became a vlunteer teacher. I hped 17 (make) a difference in Namibia. Hnestly, my first chice wasn’t Africa, but I am extremely grateful that I 18 (send) there. 19 (variety) racial grups live in Namibia, and a number f languages are spken. When Namibia gained independence in 1990, English became the fficial language. Teachers were suppsed t teach in English, 20 many lacked the language skills t d s. My jb was t train the teachers.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
21．Based n the infrmatin in the passage, which statement is true?
A．Children under 5 can’t access the Stadium.
B．Invited guests shuld print their registered tickets.
C．All attendee’s better wear a mask during the ceremny.
D．Students graduated in May 2021 shuld line up at Grad Plaza.
22．Accrding t the passage, wh can successfully pass the bag check security screening?
A．Brandn with a carry-n baggage
B．Alex with an extendable hand-held selfie stick
C．Christina’s father with a glass bttle f water.
D．Dana’s blind grandmther with her guide dg.
23．If a graduate’s parents live in Penn Statin area, hw can they get t the Stadium cst-effectively?
A．Take the 7 train frm Grand Central Terminal t the Mets-Willets Pint statin.
B．Take the LIRR frm Penn Statin and all the way t Mets-Willets Pint statin.
C．Take the New Jersey Transit frm Penn Statin and get ff at Mets-Willets Pint statin.
D．Take the LIRR t 61st Street-Wdside Statin and get a taxi t the Mets-Willets Pint statin.
B
On the day he almst died, Kimbal Musk had fd n the brain. The Internet startup talent and restauranteur had just arrived in Jacksn Hle frm a cnference where chef Jamie Oliver had spken abut the benefits f healthy eating. This made Musk think a lt-hw he might make a difference t the fd industry-but beynd expanding his farm-t-table mvement alng with his restaurant, Musk hadn’t yet brken the cde. Then he went sailing dwn a snwy slpe and fell ver, breaking his neck.
Musk eventually make a full recvery, but it invlved spending tw mnths n his back, which gave him plenty f time t cme up with a plan. Since then, he has launched an initiative t put “learning gardens” in public schls acrss America; attracted Generatin Z t the farming prfessin by changing shipping cntainers int high-tech, data-driven, year-rund farms; and this year, is kicking ff a new campaign t create ne millin at-hme gardens.
Aimed at reaching lw-incme families, the Millin Gardens Mvement was inspired by the pandemic, as bth a desire t feel mre cnnected t nature and fd insecurity have been at the frefrnt f s many peple’s lives. “We were getting a lt f inquiries abut gardening frm peple that had never gardened befre,” says Musk. “Peple were lking t garden fr a bunch f reasns: t save mney n grceries, t imprve the nutritinal quality f their diets, r just t cure the bredm that came with the lckdwn.”
The prgram ffers free garden kits that can be grwn indrs r utdrs, and will be distributed thrugh schls that Musk’s nn-prfit, Big Green, has already partnered with. It als ffers free curses n hw t get the garden grwing and fresh seeds and materials fr the changing grwing seasns. “It’s nt difficult. Anyne can d this, n matter where yu cme frm, n matter where yu live. We are all able t grw smething,” says Musk.
24．What inspired Musk t make a difference t fd industry?
A．The pandemic.B．A skiing accident.
C．Jamie Oliver’s speech.D．The farm-t-table mvement.
25．What des the Millin Gardens Mvement fcus n?
A．Encuraging peple t preserve nature.
B．Prviding free fd fr lw-incme families.
C．Prmting “learning gardens” acrss schls.
D．Educating new gardens t grw their wn fd.
26．Which f the fllwing best describes Musk?
A．Charity-minded. B．Stubbrn.C．Easy-ging.D．Schlarly.
C
Lsing weight cmes with a lt f health benefits-including making yur brain sharper.
Yes, it turns ut that verweight may damage cgnitive functins such as memry and attentin. There have been few studies f verweight and cgnitive functining, pssibly because it is generally believed that it is nt a primary risk cause fr pr cgnitive perfrmance. Lsing weight, therefre, may help imprve these mental functins, accrding t a new research led by Jhn Gunstad, assistant prfessr f psychlgy at Kent State University.
Grwing evidence suggests that being fat is linked t cgnitive deficits (缺陷). S Gunstad and his team guessed that lsing weight might imprve mental functin. Fr their study, they measured memry and attentin in a grup f 150 verweight participants, sme f whm had sme kind f peratin fr weight lss and sme did nt. All f the vlunteers cmpleted mental skills tests t assess their abilities f memry and attentin at the beginning f the study, and again 12 weeks later. T begin with, abut 24% f the patients shwed damaged learning and 23% shwed signs f pr memry when tested. At the end f the study, thse wh had lst weight after peratin imprved their scres int the average r abve average range fr cgnitive functins. Scres fr the vlunteers wh didn’t lse weight drpped even further.
The study helped Gunstad t find ut whether lsing weight had any effect n mental functin. Nw that he’s seen the psitive effect that weight lss can have n memry and attentin, he says he will next study thse wh chse t lse weight by the traditinal way—eating healthier and getting mre active. He expects that lsing weight in this way will have a similarly psitive effect n the brain. “If we can imprve the cnditin with peratins, then we can prbably prduce the same change with behaviral weight lss as well,” he says.
27．There is less research n verweight and cgnitive functins because researchers _____.
A．believe verweight nly affects ur bdy
B．have fcused n ways t sharpen peple’s mind
C．d nt cnsider verweight a main cause fr lw cgnitive ability
D．are clear abut the relatin between weight and mental functins
28．The result f Gunstad’s study shws that ______.
A．lsing weight has little effect n peple’s memry
B．lsing weight can imprve peple’s mental functins
C．verweight peple are likely t have psychlgy prblems
D．verweight peple’s abilities f cncentratin differ greatly
29．What is Gunstad planning t prve next in his research?
A．Slim peple are smarter than verweight peple.
B．Healthy diet is better than exercise in lsing weight.
C．Traditinal ways f lsing weight are better than peratin.
D．Overweight peple will get smarter by taking mre exercise.
30．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Bdy Weight and HealthB．Lsing Weight by Operatin
C．Ways t Imprve Mental FunctinsD．Lsing Weight t Sharpen Yur Mind
D
Running n Empty
Fr almst a century, scientists have assumed, tiredness—r exhaustin—in athletes riginates(起源于) in the muscles. Precise explanatins have varied, but all have been based n the “Limitatins Thery”. In ther wrds, muscles tire because they hit a physical limit: they either run ut f fuel r xygen r they drwn in harmful by-prducts(副产品).
In the past few years, hwever, Timthy Nakes frm the University f Cape Twn, Suth Africa, has examined this standard thery. Tiredness, he argues, is caused nt by signals springing frm vertaxed muscles, but is an emtinal respnse which begins in the brain. The fundamental nature f his new thery is that the brain paces the muscles t keep them well back frm the edge f exhaustin. When the brain decides it’s time t quit, it creates unbearable muscle tiredness. This “Central Gvernr” thery remains cntrversial, but it des explain many puzzling aspects f athletic perfrmance.
A recent discvery that Nakes calls the “lactic acid paradx” made him start researching this area seriusly. Lactic acid is a by-prduct f exercise, and the increase f it is ften mentined as a cause f tiredness. But when research subjects exercise in certain cnditins created artificially, they becme tired even thugh lactic acid levels remain lw. Nr has the xygen cntent f their bld fallen t lw fr them t keep ging. Obviusly, smething else was making them tire befre they hit either f these physilgical limits.
Nakes cnducted an experiment with seven cyclists. It has lng been knwn that during exercise, the bdy never uses 100% f the available muscle fibres(纤维). The amunt used varies, but in sme tasks such as this cycling test the bdy calls n abut 30%. His team fund that as tiredness set in, the electrical activity in cyclist’s legs declined—even when they were making a great effrt t cycle as fast as they culd.
T Nakes, this was strng evidence that the ld thery was wrng. “The cyclists may have felt cmpletely exhausted,” he says, “but their bdies actually had cnsiderable reserves that they culd theretically tap by using a greater amunt f the resting fibres.” This, he believes, is the prf that the brain is regulating the pace f the wrkut t hld the cyclists well back frm the pint f extreme tiredness.
31．Which f the fllwing is supprted by “the Limitatins Thery”?
A．Tiredness is caused by signals frm brain.
B．Athletes feel tired when they use up all their energy.
C．The bdy uses 100% f the muscle fibres in exercise.
D．Athletes becme tired thugh lactic acid levels remain lw.
32．Nakes has fund ut that ___________.
A．muscle fibres cntrl athletes’ mvements
B．Lactic acid levels remain high in cycling test
C．mental prcesses cntrl the symptms f tiredness
D．different exercises use different amunt f muscle fibres
33．It is likely that bth theries accept that ___________.
A．lactic acid is prduced in muscles during exercise
B．the xygen cntent in bld may rise after sprts
C．tiredness is a harmful by-prduct f exercise
D．the energy in human bdies can be balanced
34．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The descriptin f a new test.
B．The explanatin f the thery.
C．The puzzling evidence f a study.
D．The whle prcess f the research.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
Plgging
Plgging is a new way t jg while cleaning up the planet. It's a craze that began in Sweden in 2016 and the mtivatin behind it includes reducing the lad f plastic litter in ur envirnment, as well as keeping fit while running. 35 If yu lve utdr exercise, enjy exercising with thers, and care abut remving litter frm ur envirnment, then this might just be the sprt fr yu.
Make gd preparatins befre plgging. Dress suitably fr the envirnment in which yu are running. This will vary depending n the weather and surrundings, but the basics are cmfrtable running clthes and clsed-te running shes. Suitable glves are a wise and useful additin, as picking up litter can be dangerus in sme situatins. 36 This might be a standard trash bag, easy t carry and capable f cntaining litter that might have sharp edges.
Organize yur plgging grup. If yu're lucky enugh t have plggers already in yur area, seek them ut. Jin up and make new friends with a shared interest. Check ut such meeting grups at Meetup r ask at a lcal sprts stre t find ut what pprtunities exist where yu live. If yu dn't have a grup, create ne. Use scial media, ntices n bulletin bards, r place signs in the windws f sprts stres t find fellw plggers. 37
Cllect safely. One key suggestin fr staying safe while cllecting litter is t avid picking up brken glass r sharp items. If yu must cllect such an item, nly d s when yu can find a very safe way t cllect it withut harming yurself. If in dubt, leave it and get better equipment t remve it. 38 If an item f litter presents a ptential safety risk, try t mark the item clearly t encurage peple t avid it.
39 It is a way f cmbining individual achievement via exercise with cmmunity and envirnmental care. Yu're part f the grwing mvement f peple wh are giving back t the wrld at the same time as hnring self care, a sustainable and healthy way t balance yur life. This culd be a fantastic pprtunity t shw peple that individual actin makes a big difference.
A．Taking sme phts during the prcess is als necessary.
B．Yu can als ask fr assistance frm the lcal authrities.
C．Usually perfrmed as part f a grup run, it's als a scial exercise.
D．Yu als need t find a suitable carry bag fr cllecting the litter in.
E．Plgging is a great way t feel mtivated as it has mre than ne benefit.
F．If yu find a natural area with litter prblem, this might be a suitable place.
G．With sme advertising effrt, yu are likely t cnnect with a few interested peple.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
“Mum, what des it mean when smene tells yu that they have a skeletn in the clset?” Jessica asked. “A skeletn in the clset?” her mther paused thughtfully. “Well, it’s smething that yu wuld rather nt have anyne else knw abut. Fr example, if in the past, smene in Dad’s family had been arrested fr stealing a hrse, it wuld be ‘a skeletn in his family’s clset’. He really wuldn’t want any neighbr t knw abut it.”
“Why pick n my family?” Jessica’s father said with anger. “Yur family histry isn’t s gd, yu knw. Wasn’t yur great-great-grandfather a prisner wh was transprted t Australia fr his crimes?” “Yes, but peple these days say that yu are nt a real Australian unless yur ancestrs arrived as prisners.” “Gsh, srry I asked. I think I understand nw,” Jessica cut in befre things grew wrse.
After dinner, the huse was very quiet. Jessica’s parents were still quite angry with each ther. Her mther was irning clthes and every nw and then she glared at her husband, wh hid behind his newspaper pretending t read. When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clthes in her arms and walked t Jessica’s clset. Just as she pened the dr and reached in t hang a skirt, a bny arm stuck ut frm the dark depths and a bundle f white bnes fell t the flr. Jessica’s mther sank int a faint (晕倒), waking nly when Jessica put a cld, wet clth n her frehead. She lked up t see the wrried faces f her husband and daughter.
“What happened? Where am I?” she asked. “Yu just destryed the schl’s skeletn, Mum,” explained Jessica. “I brught it hme t help me with my health prject. I meant t tell yu, but it seemed that as sn as I mentined skeletns and clsets, it caused a prblem between yu and Dad.” Jessica lked in amazement as her parents began t laugh madly. “They’re bth crazy,” she thught.
40．Accrding t Jessica’s mther, what des “a skeletn in the clset” mean?
41．Accrding t paragraph 2, why were sme Australians’ ancestrs transprted t Australia?
42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Jessica’s mther fainted because a bny arm hit her when she pened Jessica’s clset.
43．D yu find the stry humrus? Why r why nt? (In abut 40 wrds)
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
44．假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Jim来信询问你们班参加刚刚举办的学校运动会的情况。请你用英文写一封回信，内容包括：
1.参加情况(项目，成绩等);
2.你的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
THE CEREMONY
Mnday, May 23, 2022
Where t g?
Student Line Up
Grad Plaza | Walk t the left nce inside the check-in area. Staff will be n hand t direct yu and yur guests.
Ceremny Lcatin
Luis Armstrng Stadium in the USTA Billie Jean King Natinal Tennis Center
Eligible t graduate?
Students wh graduated in Octber 2021, February 2022, and May 2022 are eligible t walk in the 2022 ceremny.
COVID-19 Vaccinatin Requirement：All grads and guests ver age 5 must shw prf f vaccinatin and a valid ID at all graduatin venues.
Patrns aged 18 and lder als must present an apprpriate ID with prf f vaccinatin, which must cntain the name f the individual and either a pht f the individual r the individual' s date f birth. All children under 5 are permitted t access the stadium because they are nt eligible fr a vaccine, as lng as they are accmpanied by an adult wh can shw prf f vaccinatin as nt ed abve.
Face Masks：
While masks are ptinal, we encurage guests t wear a mask due t the large crwds expected t attend.
Tickets• Graduates will be able t register fr up t eight(8)guest tickets.
• Tickets are electrnic and will be sent via email frm Ticketmaster t the graduate.
Bag Check
All guests will have their bags checked befre they enter int the Stadium fr the Ceremnies.
Luggage, large bags, signs, flags, banners, ballns, bxes, backpacks and ther large items will nt be permitted inside the Stadium, as well as the fllwing items：
• Glass bttles r cans
• Alchl
• Animals(Exceptin:service animals)
• Any materials, items r apparel cnstituting unauthrized advertising r prmtin
• Selfie-sticks r ther telescpic devices
Subway：The 7 train prvides service frm Grand Central Terminal t Mets-Willets Pint Statin
Lng Island Rail Rad:LIRR prvides easy service t Mets-Willets Pint Statin frm Wdside, and cnvenient cnnectins frm Penn Statin fr New Jersey Transit custmers. Fr guests with dis abilities, get ff the LIRR train at 61st Street-Wdside Statin and transfer t the 7 train. Take the 7 train t Mets-Willets Pint Statin.
ARRIVING BY UBER/LYFT/TAXI/CAR SERVICE
Please tell yur driver t take yu t the Mets-Willets Pint statin stp f the 7 train(near 126th Street & Rsevelt Ave)then walk 5 minutes t the East gates.
D nt use a street address fr the stadium as very ften yu will be let ut n the ppsite side f the Park extending yur walk by at least 10 minutes.
参考答案：
1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Steven Smith用善意的举动帮助了截肢的Dnald Austin，幸福总是在于对他人给予帮助，他为大家树立了良好榜样。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个月前他出了一场严重的事故。A. serius严重的；B. strange奇怪的；C. clear清楚的；D. strict严格的。根据下文“And he had t spend three mnths in hspital.(他不得不在医院住了三个月。)”可知，他不得不住院三个月，由此可知，他遭遇的这场事故非常严重。故选A。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的左腿也被截掉了一部分。A. arm手臂；B. stmach胃；C. heart心；D. leg腿。根据下文中的“Dnald thught he culd g up the steps t the frnt dr f his hme using walking sticks.(Dnald以为他可以用拐杖走上台阶到家门口。)”可知，Dnald需要用拐杖，说明他左腿截肢了。故选D。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他没有他希望的那样强壮。A. strng强壮的；B. clever聪明的；C. weak虚弱的；D. thick厚的。But表明这里和前文形成转折，前文“Dnald thught he culd g up the steps t the frnt dr f his hme using walking sticks.(Dnald以为他可以用拐杖走上台阶到家门口。)”说Dnald觉得自己能够用拐杖走上台阶，这里应是说他没有预想的那样强壮，并没有成功上台阶。故选A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且轮椅太重了。A. small小的；B. heavy重的；C. full充满的；D. cheap便宜的。根据下文“His wife, Jennifer Austin, culdn’t lift it up the steps, even with his mther’s help.(他的妻子Jennifer Austin即使在他母亲的帮助下也无法把它抬上台阶。)”可知，轮椅非常重。故选B。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们没力气了，几乎失去了希望。A. mind头脑，心思；B. hpe希望；C. face脸面，脸；D. weight重量。根据上文“Dnald gave up at last. And the family all felt very sad.(Dnald最后放弃了。家人都感到非常难过。)”可知，经过尝试后依然没有成功上台阶，Dnald放弃了，家里人也很难过，所以他们几乎失去了希望。故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一辆汽车吸引了他们的目光。A. kept保持；B. threw扔；C. held抓住；D. caught捕获，截住。根据空后的“their eyes”可知，这辆汽车吸引了他们的注意。catch ne’s eyes为固定搭配，意为“吸引……的目光，吸引……的注意”。故选D。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它已经驶过去了，但正在慢慢地折返。A. walking走路；B. ffering主动提出；C. turning（使）转动，（使）改变方向；D. calling打电话。根据but可知，前后之间是转折关系，前面“It had driven past”说这辆汽车已经开过去了，这里应是说它又返回来了。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他认为Dnald将来可能要多次爬上这些台阶。A. jump跳；B. climb爬；C. enter进入；D. run跑。根据上文中的“g up the steps”和空后的“thse steps many times in the future”可知，这里是说Dnald未来可能要多次爬上这些台阶。故选B。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一善举使这一家人都热泪盈眶。A. success成功；B. surprise惊讶；C. tears眼泪；D. anger生气。根据空前的“The kind act brught the family t”可知，Smith的善意帮助让不知所措的这一家人非常感动，眼含热泪。故选C。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jennifer在脸书上写道：“这个陌生人在24小时内两次帮我们渡过难关。”A. received接收；B. started开始；C. cntributed捐献，捐赠；D. saved挽救，救。save ne’s day意为“挽回局面，扭转败局，转危为安”，为固定搭配，口语一点儿讲，就是“救了这一天，让当天有个美好的结局"。故选D。
11．successfully 12．cnversatins 13．in
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者作为交换生的学习经历。
11．考查副词。句意：通过与他人的交谈和在学校的学习，我成功地提高了自己的语言技能。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面动词imprved。故填successfully。
12．考查名词复数。句意：通过与他人的交谈和在学校的学习，我成功地提高了自己的语言技能。分析句子可知，此空应填名词复数形式，和and后面my studies 为并列关系。故填cnversatins。
13．考查介词。句意：我更了解如何以一种有效而有趣的方式在公众面前展示。分析句子可知，这里考查 in an effective and fun way表“以一种有效而有趣的方式”，其中in 为常用搭配。故填in。
14．which
15．held 16．harmful
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者班级上周举行一系列活动来提高人们对北京雾霾的关注。
14．考查定语从句。句意：雾霾频繁袭击北京，引起了广泛关注。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话，在从句中作主语。故填which。
15．考查时态。句意：为了提高人们的意识，我们班上周举办了一系列活动。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语，ur class与hld为主动关系，且由 last week可知，这里时态应用一般过去时。故填held。
16．考查形容词。句意：我们首先在互联网上搜索，找出雾霾的原因、有害影响和处理方法。分析句子可知，这里应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词effects。故填harmful。
17．t make 18．was sent 19．Varius 20．but
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者在纳米比亚做志愿者的经历。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：我希望能在纳米比亚有所作为。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词hpe，所以make应该用非谓语形式，此处是固定搭配：hpe t d sth.意为“希望做某事”。故填t make。
18．考查动词语态和时态。句意：老实说，我的第一选择不是非洲，但我非常感激我被派往那里。分析句子结构可知，本句是that引导的宾语从句，send作从句中的谓语，主语是I，两者是被动关系，用被动语态，根据句意，描述的是过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填was sent。
19．考查形容词。句意：纳米比亚居住着不同的种族群体，使用多种语言。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，variety的形容词形式是varius，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Varius。
20．考查连词。句意：教师应该用英语授课，但许多人缺乏语言技能。分析句子结构，根据前文“Teachers were suppsed t teach in English”和后文“many lacked the language skills t d s”可知，两句是转折关系，应用but连接。故填but。
21．C 22．D 23．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了在路易斯阿姆斯特朗体育场举办的典礼的相关信息及其要求。
21．细节理解题。根据表格第二部分最后一段“While masks are ptinal, we encurage guests t wear a mask due t the large crwds expected t attend(虽然口罩是可选择的，但我们鼓励客人戴着口罩，因为预计会有很多人参加）可知，所有与会者最好戴上口罩。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据表格第三部分Bag Check部分“Luggage, large bags, signs, flags, banners, ballns, bxes, backpacks and ther large items will nt be permitted inside the Stadium(行李、大包、标志、旗帜、横幅、气球、箱子、背包和其他大型物品不得进入体育场广，根据“Alchl(含酒精饮料）”和“Animals(Exceptin: service animals)(动物（例外：服务动物）)以及“Selfie-sticks r ther telescpic devices(自拍杆或其他伸缩装置）”可知，可伸缩的手持式自拍杆、行李、和含酒精的香槟不允许带入体育场，达娜祖母的狗是服务型动物，可以进入体育场。故选D项。
23．细节理解题。根据表格第三部分Mass Transit部分“Lng Island Rail Rad: LIRR prvides easy service t Mets-Willets Pint Statin frm Wdside, and cnvenient cnnectins frm Penn Statin fr New Jersey Transit custmers(长岛铁路：LIRR从 Wdside向 Mets-Willets Pint站提供便捷的服务，并为新泽西州的运输客户提供从宾夕法尼亚站的便捷连接）”可知，如果一个毕业生的父母住在宾夕法尼亚州车站地区，他们可以从宾夕法尼亚站乘坐LIRR，一直到大都会Mets-Willets Pint站，故选B项。
24．C 25．D 26．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Musk在受Jamie Oliver演讲的启发后，创立百万个家庭花园，鼓励和教授人们自己种植自己的食物，来让自己吃的食物更健康。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Internet startup talent and restaurateur had just arrived in Jacksn Hle frm a cnference where chef Jamie Oliver had spken abut the benefits f healthy eating. This made Musk think a lt—hw he might make a difference t the fd industry（这位互联网创业天才和餐馆老板刚刚参加完Jacksn Hle的一个会议抵达Jacksn Hle，会上主厨Jamie Oliver谈到了健康饮食的好处。这让马斯克思考了很多——他如何能对食品行业作出改变）”可知Musk是在参加完Jamie Oliver的演讲之后开始考虑对食品行业作出改变，即受到了这个演讲的启发。故选C项。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Aimed at reaching lw-incme families, the Millin Gardens Mvement was inspired by the pandemic, as bth a desire t feel mre cnnected t nature and fd insecurity have been at the frefrnt f s many peple’s lives.（旨在惠及低收入家庭的百万花园运动受到流行病的启发，因为渴望与自然建立更多联系的愿望和粮食的不安全一直处于许多人生活的最前沿。）”可知渴望与自然的联系和粮食安全问题是人们咨询百万花园运动的主要原因；根据文章最后一段“It als ffers free curses n hw t get the garden grwing and fresh seeds and materials fr the changing grwing seasns. “It’s nt difficult. Anyne can d this, n matter where yu cme frm, n matter where yu live. We are all able t grw smething,” says Musk.（它还提供免费课程，介绍如何让花园生长以及在不断变化的生长季节提供新鲜种子和材料。“这并不难。任何人都可以做到这一点，无论你来自哪里，无论你住在哪里。 我们都能够种植一些东西，”马斯克说。）”可知，百万花园计划是专门教人自己种植的；与前面人们咨询百万花园运动的原因结合起来，可推断，百万花园重点是教人们如何种植自己吃的食物，使人们吃的食物更健康，并增加人与自然之间的联系。故选D项。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Aimed at reaching lw-incme families（旨在惠及低收入家庭）”可知Musk创立百万花园运动主要针对低收入家庭；由文章最后一段“The prgram ffers free garden kits that can be grwn indrs r utdrs（该计划提供可以在室内或室外种植的免费花园套件）”可知他免费给人们提供种植套件；“It als ffers free curses（它还提供免费课程）”可知Musk的计划还给人提供免费课程；综上所述，可推知Musk是富有慈善意识的；故选A项。
27．C 28．B 29．D 30．D
【导语】本文一篇说明文。文章介绍了减肥可以让你的大脑更敏锐。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段中“There have been few studies f verweight and cgnitive functining, pssibly because it is generally believed that it is nt a primary risk cause fr pr cgnitive perfrmance.（很少有关于超重和认知功能的研究，可能是因为人们普遍认为超重不是导致认知能力低下的主要原因。）”可知，人们在此之前很少研究肥胖和认知功能之间存在关系的原因是人们没有认为肥胖是导致认知功能下降的基本原因，故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Lsing weight, therefre, may help imprve these mental functins, accrding t a new research led by Jhn Gunstad, assistant prfessr f psychlgy at Kent State University.（因此，根据Jhn Gunstad领导的一项新研究表明，减肥可能有助于改善这些心智功能。）”可知，减肥可以改善心智功能，故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Nw that he’s seen the psitive effect that weight lss can have n memry and attentin, he says he will next study thse wh chse t lse weight by the traditinal way—eating healthier and getting mre active. He expects that lsing weight in this way will have a similarly psitive effect n the brain.（现在他看到了减肥对记忆力和注意力的积极影响，他说他下一步将研究那些选择用传统方式减肥的人——饮食更健康、更活跃（更爱运动）。他认为这种减肥方式对大脑也有类似的积极影响。）”可知，他在接下来要研究那些通过锻炼和健康饮食减肥的人们，看是否健康减肥也存在这种对大脑的积极影响，即：超重的人是否会通过多运动变得更聪明，故选D。
30．主旨大意题。结合文章第一段提出“Lsing weight cmes with a lt f health benefits-including making yur brain sharper.（减肥对健康有很多好处，包括使你的大脑更敏锐。）”以及后文对这项研究进行详细介绍，可知D项“减肥可以让你的大脑更敏锐”为本文最佳标题，故选D。
31．B 32．C 33．A 34．C
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了关于运动的极限理论。该理论认为人们之所以感到疲惫是因为肌肉达到了极限，而疲劳是由大脑控制的。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第一段的In ther wrds, muscles tire because they hit a physical limit: they either run ut f fuel r xygen r they drwn in harmful by-prducts(副产品)可知极限理论认为人们会感到疲倦时因为到达了肌肉的极限。B. Athletes feel tired when they use up all their energy.（运动员感到疲惫是因为他们用完了自己的能量）符合以上说法，故选B项。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Tiredness, he argues, is caused nt by signals springing frm vertaxed muscles, but is an emtinal respnse which begins in the brain.可知Timthy Nakes认为是人的大脑控制了肌肉是否感到疲倦。C. mental prcesses cntrl the symptms f tiredness（精神过程控制疲倦的症状）符合以上说法，故选C项。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第二段的The fundamental nature f his new thery is that the brain paces the muscles t keep them well back frm the edge f exhaustin. When the brain decides it’s time t quit, it creates unbearable muscle tiredness.和第三段的Lactic acid is a by-prduct f exercise, and the increase f it is ften mentined as a cause f tiredness.可推测连个理论都认为lactic acid是运动时产生的。A. lactic acid is prduced in muscles during exercise（运动时肌肉离会产生lactic acid）符合以上推测，故选A项。
34．主旨大意题。根据本段的Lactic acid is a by-prduct f exercise, and the increase f it is ften mentined as a cause f tiredness. But when research subjects exercise in certain cnditins created artificially, they becme tired even thugh lactic acid levels remain lw.可知lactic acid paradx理论认为人们在运动的时候lactic的升高会使人疲倦，但令人费解的是当lactic还很低的时候人们也会感到疲劳。C. The puzzling evidence f a study.（一个研究令人费解的证据）可以作为本段主旨，故选C项。
35．C 36．D 37．G 38．B 39．E
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要从三个方面说明了跑步捡垃圾的好处，并提出了进行跑步捡垃圾的相关建议。
35．根据下文“If yu lve utdr exercise, enjy exercising with thers”如果你喜欢户外运动，喜欢和别人一起运动的话。C项Usually perfrmed as part f a grup run, it's als a scial exercise.“这是一个社交运动，通常以组队的形式进行”呼应下文中的thers，切合题意。故选C项。
36．根据下文“This might be a standard trash bag, easy t carry and capable f cntaining litter that might have sharp edges.”这可以是一个普通的垃圾袋，便于携带，并且能装带有锋利边缘的垃圾。D项Yu als need t find a suitable carry bag fr cllecting the litter in.“你还需要一个便于携带的垃圾袋来装垃圾”呼应后句中的“easy t carry and capable f cntaining litter”便于携带并可以装垃圾，切合题意。故选D项。
37．根据上文“Use scial media, ntices n bulletin bards, r place signs in the windws f sprts stres t find fellw plggers.”用社交媒体、在公告板里发通知或者在体育商店橱窗上贴标签来找到跑步捡垃圾运动的伙伴们。G项With sme advertising effrt, yu are likely t cnnect with a few interested peple.“做了这些努力后，你就能找到感兴趣的人了”呼应上文使用各种方式找到伙伴一起组队，符合语境。故选G项。
38．根据上文“If in dubt, leave it and get better equipment t remve it.”如果有疑问的话，把它留下，找到更好的工作移除它。B项Yu can als ask fr assistance frm the lcal authrities.“你也可以向当地官方部门寻求帮助”意在表明清除有害垃圾的方式有两种，使用分述方式展开说明，因此B项符合题意。故选B项。
39．根据下文“It is a way f cmbining individual achievement via exercise with cmmunity and envirnmental care.”这是一种通过运动把个人成就与社区和环境保护结合起来的方式。E项Plgging is a great way t feel mtivated as it has mre than ne benefit.“跑步捡垃圾是一种能感受到动力很棒的方式，因为有着不止一个的益处”呼应下文对这种方式的具体说明，E项切题。故选E项。
40．Smething that yu wuld rather nt have anyne else t knw abut. 41．Because they cmmitted crimes. 42．Jessica’s mther fainted because a bny arm hit her when she pened Jessica’s clset. In the passage, Jessica’s mther fainted because a bny arm stuck ut frm the dark depths and a bundle f white bnes fell t the flr when she pened Jessica’s clset. 43．Yes, it is. Because Jessica meant t tell her mther abut the skeletn in the clset, but her questin caused quarrels between her mther and father; they bth misunderstd each ther.
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jessica家里发生的一件趣事，Jessica想问问妈妈对于衣柜里骷髅的想法，而妈妈却以为女儿问的是一句俗语的含义，并因此产生了误解。
40．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段““Mum, what des it mean when smene tells yu that they have a skeletn in the clset?” Jessica asked. “A skeletn in the clset?” her mther paused thughtfully. “Well, it’s smething that yu wuld rather nt have anyne else knw abut. Fr example, if in the past, smene in Dad’s family had been arrested fr stealing a hrse, it wuld be ‘a skeletn in his family’s clset’. He really wuldn’t want any neighbr t knw abut it.”(“妈妈，如果有人告诉你他们衣柜里有骷髅是什么意思？”Jessica问道。“衣柜里的骷髅？”母亲若有所思地停了下来。“嗯，这是一件你不想让别人知道的事情。例如，如果在过去，爸爸家里有人因为偷了一匹马而被捕，那就会是‘他家里的骷髅’。他真的不想让邻居知道这件事。”)”可知，Jessica的妈妈认为“衣柜里的骷髅”指的是不想让别人知道的事情。故答案为Smething that yu wuld rather nt have anyne else t knw abut。
41．考查推理判断。根据文章第二段““Yur family histry isn’t s gd, yu knw. Wasn’t yur great-great-grandfather a prisner wh was transprted t Australia fr his crimes?” “Yes, but peple these days say that yu are nt a real Australian unless yur ancestrs arrived as prisners.”(“你知道，你的家族史不太好。你的曾曾祖父不是因为犯罪被流放到澳大利亚的囚犯吗？”“是的，但是现在人们说，除非你的祖先是作为囚犯来到这里的，否则你就不是真正的澳大利亚人。”)”可知，一些澳大利亚人的祖先是因为犯了罪被流放到这里的。故答案为Because they cmmitted crimes。
42．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clthes in her arms and walked t Jessica’s clset. Just as she pened the dr and reached in t hang a skirt, a bny arm stuck ut frm the dark depths and a bundle f white bnes fell t the flr. Jessica’s mther sank int a faint (晕倒), waking nly when Jessica put a cld, wet clth n her frehead.(洗完衣服后，她把刚熨好的衣服抱在怀里，走向Jessica的衣橱。就在她打开门，伸手去挂裙子的时候，一条瘦骨嶙峋的手臂从黑暗的深处伸出来，一捆白骨落在地板上。Jessica的母亲昏倒了，直到Jessica把一块冷的湿布放在她的额头上才醒过来。)”可知，Jessica的母亲晕倒是因为当她打开Jessica的衣柜时，一条瘦骨嶙峋的手臂从黑暗的深处伸出来，一捆白骨落在地板上，受到惊吓而晕倒的。因此，原句中“because a bny arm hit her”表述错误。故答案为ln the passage, Jessica’s mther fainted because a bny arm stuck ut frm the dark depths and a bundle f white bnes fell t the flr when she pened Jessica’s clset。
43．开放题。要生考生谈谈自己是否觉得这个故事很幽默，并解释原因，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为Yes, it is. Because Jessica meant t tell her mther abut the skeletn in the clset, but her questin caused quarrels between her mther and father; they bth misunderstd each ther。
44．Dear Jim,
Hw are yu recently? In yur last letter, yu asked abut the schl sprts-meet held last week. I’m writing t share with yu sme detailed infrmatin.
Our class tk an active part in all the events in the track and field, like 100-meter race, lng distance running, lng jump and high jump. Althugh we were nt talented in sprts, all the athletes tried hard and the ther students cheered fr them thrughut the cmpetitin. What impressed us mst was the 400-meter relay race, in which the fur runners cperated perfectly and wn the first place. Seeing tears and sweat mixing n their faces, I was deeply mved. The sprts meet prvides us with the chance t strengthen ur bdies and bst ur sense f unity as well.
What abut yur sprts meet? I’m lking frward t hearing frm yu sn.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生给美国朋友Jim介绍刚刚参加的学校运动会的情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
最近：recently→lately
举办：hld→thrw
参加：take part in→jin in
例如：like→such as
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In yur last letter, yu asked abut the schl sprts-meet held last week.
拓展句：In yur last letter, yu asked abut the schl sprts-meet that was held last week.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Althugh we were nt talented in sprts, all the athletes tried hard and the ther students cheered fr them thrughut the cmpetitin.（由Althugh引导的让步状语从句）
【高分句型2】What impressed us mst was the 400-meter relay race, in which the fur runners cperated perfectly and wn the first place. （由What引导的主语从句和in which引导的非限制性定语从句）
英语
（考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分）
注意事项：
1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节 完型填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。
Happiness always lies in giving help t thers. And Steven Smith has just set us a gd example.
Dnald Austin is a teacher. He had a 1 accident several mnths ag. And he had t spend three mnths in hspital. He als had part f his left 2 cut ff.
Nw he was able t g back hme. Dnald thught he culd g up the steps t the frnt dr f his hme using walking sticks. But he wasn’t as 3 as he had hped. And the wheelchair was t 4 . His wife, Jennifer Austin, culdn’t lift it up the steps, even with his mther’s help. Dnald gave up at last. And the family all felt very sad. They were ut f strength and almst lst 5 .
Just then, a car 6 their eyes. It had driven past but was slwly 7 back. The stranger, Steven Smith, stpped and asked if he culd help. The family watched Smith help Dnald inside the huse and place him carefully n the sfa. But Smith knew there was still mre t d.
He thught Dnald might have t 8 thse steps many times in the future. S the next day, Smith came t Dnald’s huse again. He asked if he culd build a ramp (斜坡) in frnt f the huse. With sme ther helping hands, Smith successfully built a ramp ver the steps. And nw the wheelchair can g up and dwn easily. The kind act brught the family t 9 .
“This stranger has 10 the day fr us twice within 24 hurs,” Jennifer wrte n Facebk. “He brught us hpe and made ur day mre beautiful.”
1．A．seriusB．strangeC．clearD．strict
2．A．armB．stmachC．heartD．leg
3．A．strngB．cleverC．weakD．thick
4．A．smallB．heavyC．fullD．cheap
5．A．mindB．hpeC．faceD．weight
6．A．keptB．threwC．heldD．caught
7．A．walkingB．fferingC．turningD．calling
8．A．jumpB．climbC．enterD．run
9．A．successB．surpriseC．tearsD．anger
10．A．receivedB．startedC．cntributedD．saved
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
My exchange year is abut t end. Withut dubt, this experience has been wrthwhile. I have 11 (successful) imprved my language skills thrugh 12 (cnversatin) with thers and my studies in schl. My speech team experience helped my English presentatin skills t develp. I understd mre abut hw t present in public 13 an effective and fun way. I met all kinds f peple there and had fun ding s.
B
Smg hits Beijing frequently, 14 has caused widespread cncern. T raise peple’s awareness, ur class 15 (hld) a series f activities last week. My grup was respnsible fr a presentatin at the class meeting. We first searched the Internet t find ut the causes, 16 (harm) effects and ways t deal with haze. Then we presented ur research findings t the whle class.
C
After cllege I became a vlunteer teacher. I hped 17 (make) a difference in Namibia. Hnestly, my first chice wasn’t Africa, but I am extremely grateful that I 18 (send) there. 19 (variety) racial grups live in Namibia, and a number f languages are spken. When Namibia gained independence in 1990, English became the fficial language. Teachers were suppsed t teach in English, 20 many lacked the language skills t d s. My jb was t train the teachers.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
21．Based n the infrmatin in the passage, which statement is true?
A．Children under 5 can’t access the Stadium.
B．Invited guests shuld print their registered tickets.
C．All attendee’s better wear a mask during the ceremny.
D．Students graduated in May 2021 shuld line up at Grad Plaza.
22．Accrding t the passage, wh can successfully pass the bag check security screening?
A．Brandn with a carry-n baggage
B．Alex with an extendable hand-held selfie stick
C．Christina’s father with a glass bttle f water.
D．Dana’s blind grandmther with her guide dg.
23．If a graduate’s parents live in Penn Statin area, hw can they get t the Stadium cst-effectively?
A．Take the 7 train frm Grand Central Terminal t the Mets-Willets Pint statin.
B．Take the LIRR frm Penn Statin and all the way t Mets-Willets Pint statin.
C．Take the New Jersey Transit frm Penn Statin and get ff at Mets-Willets Pint statin.
D．Take the LIRR t 61st Street-Wdside Statin and get a taxi t the Mets-Willets Pint statin.
B
On the day he almst died, Kimbal Musk had fd n the brain. The Internet startup talent and restauranteur had just arrived in Jacksn Hle frm a cnference where chef Jamie Oliver had spken abut the benefits f healthy eating. This made Musk think a lt-hw he might make a difference t the fd industry-but beynd expanding his farm-t-table mvement alng with his restaurant, Musk hadn’t yet brken the cde. Then he went sailing dwn a snwy slpe and fell ver, breaking his neck.
Musk eventually make a full recvery, but it invlved spending tw mnths n his back, which gave him plenty f time t cme up with a plan. Since then, he has launched an initiative t put “learning gardens” in public schls acrss America; attracted Generatin Z t the farming prfessin by changing shipping cntainers int high-tech, data-driven, year-rund farms; and this year, is kicking ff a new campaign t create ne millin at-hme gardens.
Aimed at reaching lw-incme families, the Millin Gardens Mvement was inspired by the pandemic, as bth a desire t feel mre cnnected t nature and fd insecurity have been at the frefrnt f s many peple’s lives. “We were getting a lt f inquiries abut gardening frm peple that had never gardened befre,” says Musk. “Peple were lking t garden fr a bunch f reasns: t save mney n grceries, t imprve the nutritinal quality f their diets, r just t cure the bredm that came with the lckdwn.”
The prgram ffers free garden kits that can be grwn indrs r utdrs, and will be distributed thrugh schls that Musk’s nn-prfit, Big Green, has already partnered with. It als ffers free curses n hw t get the garden grwing and fresh seeds and materials fr the changing grwing seasns. “It’s nt difficult. Anyne can d this, n matter where yu cme frm, n matter where yu live. We are all able t grw smething,” says Musk.
24．What inspired Musk t make a difference t fd industry?
A．The pandemic.B．A skiing accident.
C．Jamie Oliver’s speech.D．The farm-t-table mvement.
25．What des the Millin Gardens Mvement fcus n?
A．Encuraging peple t preserve nature.
B．Prviding free fd fr lw-incme families.
C．Prmting “learning gardens” acrss schls.
D．Educating new gardens t grw their wn fd.
26．Which f the fllwing best describes Musk?
A．Charity-minded. B．Stubbrn.C．Easy-ging.D．Schlarly.
C
Lsing weight cmes with a lt f health benefits-including making yur brain sharper.
Yes, it turns ut that verweight may damage cgnitive functins such as memry and attentin. There have been few studies f verweight and cgnitive functining, pssibly because it is generally believed that it is nt a primary risk cause fr pr cgnitive perfrmance. Lsing weight, therefre, may help imprve these mental functins, accrding t a new research led by Jhn Gunstad, assistant prfessr f psychlgy at Kent State University.
Grwing evidence suggests that being fat is linked t cgnitive deficits (缺陷). S Gunstad and his team guessed that lsing weight might imprve mental functin. Fr their study, they measured memry and attentin in a grup f 150 verweight participants, sme f whm had sme kind f peratin fr weight lss and sme did nt. All f the vlunteers cmpleted mental skills tests t assess their abilities f memry and attentin at the beginning f the study, and again 12 weeks later. T begin with, abut 24% f the patients shwed damaged learning and 23% shwed signs f pr memry when tested. At the end f the study, thse wh had lst weight after peratin imprved their scres int the average r abve average range fr cgnitive functins. Scres fr the vlunteers wh didn’t lse weight drpped even further.
The study helped Gunstad t find ut whether lsing weight had any effect n mental functin. Nw that he’s seen the psitive effect that weight lss can have n memry and attentin, he says he will next study thse wh chse t lse weight by the traditinal way—eating healthier and getting mre active. He expects that lsing weight in this way will have a similarly psitive effect n the brain. “If we can imprve the cnditin with peratins, then we can prbably prduce the same change with behaviral weight lss as well,” he says.
27．There is less research n verweight and cgnitive functins because researchers _____.
A．believe verweight nly affects ur bdy
B．have fcused n ways t sharpen peple’s mind
C．d nt cnsider verweight a main cause fr lw cgnitive ability
D．are clear abut the relatin between weight and mental functins
28．The result f Gunstad’s study shws that ______.
A．lsing weight has little effect n peple’s memry
B．lsing weight can imprve peple’s mental functins
C．verweight peple are likely t have psychlgy prblems
D．verweight peple’s abilities f cncentratin differ greatly
29．What is Gunstad planning t prve next in his research?
A．Slim peple are smarter than verweight peple.
B．Healthy diet is better than exercise in lsing weight.
C．Traditinal ways f lsing weight are better than peratin.
D．Overweight peple will get smarter by taking mre exercise.
30．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?
A．Bdy Weight and HealthB．Lsing Weight by Operatin
C．Ways t Imprve Mental FunctinsD．Lsing Weight t Sharpen Yur Mind
D
Running n Empty
Fr almst a century, scientists have assumed, tiredness—r exhaustin—in athletes riginates(起源于) in the muscles. Precise explanatins have varied, but all have been based n the “Limitatins Thery”. In ther wrds, muscles tire because they hit a physical limit: they either run ut f fuel r xygen r they drwn in harmful by-prducts(副产品).
In the past few years, hwever, Timthy Nakes frm the University f Cape Twn, Suth Africa, has examined this standard thery. Tiredness, he argues, is caused nt by signals springing frm vertaxed muscles, but is an emtinal respnse which begins in the brain. The fundamental nature f his new thery is that the brain paces the muscles t keep them well back frm the edge f exhaustin. When the brain decides it’s time t quit, it creates unbearable muscle tiredness. This “Central Gvernr” thery remains cntrversial, but it des explain many puzzling aspects f athletic perfrmance.
A recent discvery that Nakes calls the “lactic acid paradx” made him start researching this area seriusly. Lactic acid is a by-prduct f exercise, and the increase f it is ften mentined as a cause f tiredness. But when research subjects exercise in certain cnditins created artificially, they becme tired even thugh lactic acid levels remain lw. Nr has the xygen cntent f their bld fallen t lw fr them t keep ging. Obviusly, smething else was making them tire befre they hit either f these physilgical limits.
Nakes cnducted an experiment with seven cyclists. It has lng been knwn that during exercise, the bdy never uses 100% f the available muscle fibres(纤维). The amunt used varies, but in sme tasks such as this cycling test the bdy calls n abut 30%. His team fund that as tiredness set in, the electrical activity in cyclist’s legs declined—even when they were making a great effrt t cycle as fast as they culd.
T Nakes, this was strng evidence that the ld thery was wrng. “The cyclists may have felt cmpletely exhausted,” he says, “but their bdies actually had cnsiderable reserves that they culd theretically tap by using a greater amunt f the resting fibres.” This, he believes, is the prf that the brain is regulating the pace f the wrkut t hld the cyclists well back frm the pint f extreme tiredness.
31．Which f the fllwing is supprted by “the Limitatins Thery”?
A．Tiredness is caused by signals frm brain.
B．Athletes feel tired when they use up all their energy.
C．The bdy uses 100% f the muscle fibres in exercise.
D．Athletes becme tired thugh lactic acid levels remain lw.
32．Nakes has fund ut that ___________.
A．muscle fibres cntrl athletes’ mvements
B．Lactic acid levels remain high in cycling test
C．mental prcesses cntrl the symptms f tiredness
D．different exercises use different amunt f muscle fibres
33．It is likely that bth theries accept that ___________.
A．lactic acid is prduced in muscles during exercise
B．the xygen cntent in bld may rise after sprts
C．tiredness is a harmful by-prduct f exercise
D．the energy in human bdies can be balanced
34．What is Paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The descriptin f a new test.
B．The explanatin f the thery.
C．The puzzling evidence f a study.
D．The whle prcess f the research.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。
Plgging
Plgging is a new way t jg while cleaning up the planet. It's a craze that began in Sweden in 2016 and the mtivatin behind it includes reducing the lad f plastic litter in ur envirnment, as well as keeping fit while running. 35 If yu lve utdr exercise, enjy exercising with thers, and care abut remving litter frm ur envirnment, then this might just be the sprt fr yu.
Make gd preparatins befre plgging. Dress suitably fr the envirnment in which yu are running. This will vary depending n the weather and surrundings, but the basics are cmfrtable running clthes and clsed-te running shes. Suitable glves are a wise and useful additin, as picking up litter can be dangerus in sme situatins. 36 This might be a standard trash bag, easy t carry and capable f cntaining litter that might have sharp edges.
Organize yur plgging grup. If yu're lucky enugh t have plggers already in yur area, seek them ut. Jin up and make new friends with a shared interest. Check ut such meeting grups at Meetup r ask at a lcal sprts stre t find ut what pprtunities exist where yu live. If yu dn't have a grup, create ne. Use scial media, ntices n bulletin bards, r place signs in the windws f sprts stres t find fellw plggers. 37
Cllect safely. One key suggestin fr staying safe while cllecting litter is t avid picking up brken glass r sharp items. If yu must cllect such an item, nly d s when yu can find a very safe way t cllect it withut harming yurself. If in dubt, leave it and get better equipment t remve it. 38 If an item f litter presents a ptential safety risk, try t mark the item clearly t encurage peple t avid it.
39 It is a way f cmbining individual achievement via exercise with cmmunity and envirnmental care. Yu're part f the grwing mvement f peple wh are giving back t the wrld at the same time as hnring self care, a sustainable and healthy way t balance yur life. This culd be a fantastic pprtunity t shw peple that individual actin makes a big difference.
A．Taking sme phts during the prcess is als necessary.
B．Yu can als ask fr assistance frm the lcal authrities.
C．Usually perfrmed as part f a grup run, it's als a scial exercise.
D．Yu als need t find a suitable carry bag fr cllecting the litter in.
E．Plgging is a great way t feel mtivated as it has mre than ne benefit.
F．If yu find a natural area with litter prblem, this might be a suitable place.
G．With sme advertising effrt, yu are likely t cnnect with a few interested peple.
第三部分 书面表达（共两节，共32分）
第一节 阅读表达（共4小题，第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。
“Mum, what des it mean when smene tells yu that they have a skeletn in the clset?” Jessica asked. “A skeletn in the clset?” her mther paused thughtfully. “Well, it’s smething that yu wuld rather nt have anyne else knw abut. Fr example, if in the past, smene in Dad’s family had been arrested fr stealing a hrse, it wuld be ‘a skeletn in his family’s clset’. He really wuldn’t want any neighbr t knw abut it.”
“Why pick n my family?” Jessica’s father said with anger. “Yur family histry isn’t s gd, yu knw. Wasn’t yur great-great-grandfather a prisner wh was transprted t Australia fr his crimes?” “Yes, but peple these days say that yu are nt a real Australian unless yur ancestrs arrived as prisners.” “Gsh, srry I asked. I think I understand nw,” Jessica cut in befre things grew wrse.
After dinner, the huse was very quiet. Jessica’s parents were still quite angry with each ther. Her mther was irning clthes and every nw and then she glared at her husband, wh hid behind his newspaper pretending t read. When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clthes in her arms and walked t Jessica’s clset. Just as she pened the dr and reached in t hang a skirt, a bny arm stuck ut frm the dark depths and a bundle f white bnes fell t the flr. Jessica’s mther sank int a faint (晕倒), waking nly when Jessica put a cld, wet clth n her frehead. She lked up t see the wrried faces f her husband and daughter.
“What happened? Where am I?” she asked. “Yu just destryed the schl’s skeletn, Mum,” explained Jessica. “I brught it hme t help me with my health prject. I meant t tell yu, but it seemed that as sn as I mentined skeletns and clsets, it caused a prblem between yu and Dad.” Jessica lked in amazement as her parents began t laugh madly. “They’re bth crazy,” she thught.
40．Accrding t Jessica’s mther, what des “a skeletn in the clset” mean?
41．Accrding t paragraph 2, why were sme Australians’ ancestrs transprted t Australia?
42．Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Jessica’s mther fainted because a bny arm hit her when she pened Jessica’s clset.
43．D yu find the stry humrus? Why r why nt? (In abut 40 wrds)
第二节: 书面表达（共一题，20分)
44．假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Jim来信询问你们班参加刚刚举办的学校运动会的情况。请你用英文写一封回信，内容包括：
1.参加情况(项目，成绩等);
2.你的感受。
注意：1.词数100左右;2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
THE CEREMONY
Mnday, May 23, 2022
Where t g?
Student Line Up
Grad Plaza | Walk t the left nce inside the check-in area. Staff will be n hand t direct yu and yur guests.
Ceremny Lcatin
Luis Armstrng Stadium in the USTA Billie Jean King Natinal Tennis Center
Eligible t graduate?
Students wh graduated in Octber 2021, February 2022, and May 2022 are eligible t walk in the 2022 ceremny.
COVID-19 Vaccinatin Requirement：All grads and guests ver age 5 must shw prf f vaccinatin and a valid ID at all graduatin venues.
Patrns aged 18 and lder als must present an apprpriate ID with prf f vaccinatin, which must cntain the name f the individual and either a pht f the individual r the individual' s date f birth. All children under 5 are permitted t access the stadium because they are nt eligible fr a vaccine, as lng as they are accmpanied by an adult wh can shw prf f vaccinatin as nt ed abve.
Face Masks：
While masks are ptinal, we encurage guests t wear a mask due t the large crwds expected t attend.
Tickets• Graduates will be able t register fr up t eight(8)guest tickets.
• Tickets are electrnic and will be sent via email frm Ticketmaster t the graduate.
Bag Check
All guests will have their bags checked befre they enter int the Stadium fr the Ceremnies.
Luggage, large bags, signs, flags, banners, ballns, bxes, backpacks and ther large items will nt be permitted inside the Stadium, as well as the fllwing items：
• Glass bttles r cans
• Alchl
• Animals(Exceptin:service animals)
• Any materials, items r apparel cnstituting unauthrized advertising r prmtin
• Selfie-sticks r ther telescpic devices
Subway：The 7 train prvides service frm Grand Central Terminal t Mets-Willets Pint Statin
Lng Island Rail Rad:LIRR prvides easy service t Mets-Willets Pint Statin frm Wdside, and cnvenient cnnectins frm Penn Statin fr New Jersey Transit custmers. Fr guests with dis abilities, get ff the LIRR train at 61st Street-Wdside Statin and transfer t the 7 train. Take the 7 train t Mets-Willets Pint Statin.
ARRIVING BY UBER/LYFT/TAXI/CAR SERVICE
Please tell yur driver t take yu t the Mets-Willets Pint statin stp f the 7 train(near 126th Street & Rsevelt Ave)then walk 5 minutes t the East gates.
D nt use a street address fr the stadium as very ften yu will be let ut n the ppsite side f the Park extending yur walk by at least 10 minutes.
参考答案：
1．A 2．D 3．A 4．B 5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Steven Smith用善意的举动帮助了截肢的Dnald Austin，幸福总是在于对他人给予帮助，他为大家树立了良好榜样。
1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个月前他出了一场严重的事故。A. serius严重的；B. strange奇怪的；C. clear清楚的；D. strict严格的。根据下文“And he had t spend three mnths in hspital.(他不得不在医院住了三个月。)”可知，他不得不住院三个月，由此可知，他遭遇的这场事故非常严重。故选A。
2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他的左腿也被截掉了一部分。A. arm手臂；B. stmach胃；C. heart心；D. leg腿。根据下文中的“Dnald thught he culd g up the steps t the frnt dr f his hme using walking sticks.(Dnald以为他可以用拐杖走上台阶到家门口。)”可知，Dnald需要用拐杖，说明他左腿截肢了。故选D。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他没有他希望的那样强壮。A. strng强壮的；B. clever聪明的；C. weak虚弱的；D. thick厚的。But表明这里和前文形成转折，前文“Dnald thught he culd g up the steps t the frnt dr f his hme using walking sticks.(Dnald以为他可以用拐杖走上台阶到家门口。)”说Dnald觉得自己能够用拐杖走上台阶，这里应是说他没有预想的那样强壮，并没有成功上台阶。故选A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：而且轮椅太重了。A. small小的；B. heavy重的；C. full充满的；D. cheap便宜的。根据下文“His wife, Jennifer Austin, culdn’t lift it up the steps, even with his mther’s help.(他的妻子Jennifer Austin即使在他母亲的帮助下也无法把它抬上台阶。)”可知，轮椅非常重。故选B。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们没力气了，几乎失去了希望。A. mind头脑，心思；B. hpe希望；C. face脸面，脸；D. weight重量。根据上文“Dnald gave up at last. And the family all felt very sad.(Dnald最后放弃了。家人都感到非常难过。)”可知，经过尝试后依然没有成功上台阶，Dnald放弃了，家里人也很难过，所以他们几乎失去了希望。故选B。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在这时，一辆汽车吸引了他们的目光。A. kept保持；B. threw扔；C. held抓住；D. caught捕获，截住。根据空后的“their eyes”可知，这辆汽车吸引了他们的注意。catch ne’s eyes为固定搭配，意为“吸引……的目光，吸引……的注意”。故选D。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它已经驶过去了，但正在慢慢地折返。A. walking走路；B. ffering主动提出；C. turning（使）转动，（使）改变方向；D. calling打电话。根据but可知，前后之间是转折关系，前面“It had driven past”说这辆汽车已经开过去了，这里应是说它又返回来了。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他认为Dnald将来可能要多次爬上这些台阶。A. jump跳；B. climb爬；C. enter进入；D. run跑。根据上文中的“g up the steps”和空后的“thse steps many times in the future”可知，这里是说Dnald未来可能要多次爬上这些台阶。故选B。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一善举使这一家人都热泪盈眶。A. success成功；B. surprise惊讶；C. tears眼泪；D. anger生气。根据空前的“The kind act brught the family t”可知，Smith的善意帮助让不知所措的这一家人非常感动，眼含热泪。故选C。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Jennifer在脸书上写道：“这个陌生人在24小时内两次帮我们渡过难关。”A. received接收；B. started开始；C. cntributed捐献，捐赠；D. saved挽救，救。save ne’s day意为“挽回局面，扭转败局，转危为安”，为固定搭配，口语一点儿讲，就是“救了这一天，让当天有个美好的结局"。故选D。
11．successfully 12．cnversatins 13．in
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者作为交换生的学习经历。
11．考查副词。句意：通过与他人的交谈和在学校的学习，我成功地提高了自己的语言技能。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面动词imprved。故填successfully。
12．考查名词复数。句意：通过与他人的交谈和在学校的学习，我成功地提高了自己的语言技能。分析句子可知，此空应填名词复数形式，和and后面my studies 为并列关系。故填cnversatins。
13．考查介词。句意：我更了解如何以一种有效而有趣的方式在公众面前展示。分析句子可知，这里考查 in an effective and fun way表“以一种有效而有趣的方式”，其中in 为常用搭配。故填in。
14．which
15．held 16．harmful
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者班级上周举行一系列活动来提高人们对北京雾霾的关注。
14．考查定语从句。句意：雾霾频繁袭击北京，引起了广泛关注。分析句子可知，这里考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话，在从句中作主语。故填which。
15．考查时态。句意：为了提高人们的意识，我们班上周举办了一系列活动。分析句子可知，这里考查谓语，ur class与hld为主动关系，且由 last week可知，这里时态应用一般过去时。故填held。
16．考查形容词。句意：我们首先在互联网上搜索，找出雾霾的原因、有害影响和处理方法。分析句子可知，这里应填形容词作定语，修饰后面名词effects。故填harmful。
17．t make 18．was sent 19．Varius 20．but
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了作者在纳米比亚做志愿者的经历。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：我希望能在纳米比亚有所作为。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词hpe，所以make应该用非谓语形式，此处是固定搭配：hpe t d sth.意为“希望做某事”。故填t make。
18．考查动词语态和时态。句意：老实说，我的第一选择不是非洲，但我非常感激我被派往那里。分析句子结构可知，本句是that引导的宾语从句，send作从句中的谓语，主语是I，两者是被动关系，用被动语态，根据句意，描述的是过去发生的事，用一般过去时。故填was sent。
19．考查形容词。句意：纳米比亚居住着不同的种族群体，使用多种语言。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语，variety的形容词形式是varius，位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Varius。
20．考查连词。句意：教师应该用英语授课，但许多人缺乏语言技能。分析句子结构，根据前文“Teachers were suppsed t teach in English”和后文“many lacked the language skills t d s”可知，两句是转折关系，应用but连接。故填but。
21．C 22．D 23．B
【导语】这是一篇应用文，主要介绍了在路易斯阿姆斯特朗体育场举办的典礼的相关信息及其要求。
21．细节理解题。根据表格第二部分最后一段“While masks are ptinal, we encurage guests t wear a mask due t the large crwds expected t attend(虽然口罩是可选择的，但我们鼓励客人戴着口罩，因为预计会有很多人参加）可知，所有与会者最好戴上口罩。故选C项。
22．细节理解题。根据表格第三部分Bag Check部分“Luggage, large bags, signs, flags, banners, ballns, bxes, backpacks and ther large items will nt be permitted inside the Stadium(行李、大包、标志、旗帜、横幅、气球、箱子、背包和其他大型物品不得进入体育场广，根据“Alchl(含酒精饮料）”和“Animals(Exceptin: service animals)(动物（例外：服务动物）)以及“Selfie-sticks r ther telescpic devices(自拍杆或其他伸缩装置）”可知，可伸缩的手持式自拍杆、行李、和含酒精的香槟不允许带入体育场，达娜祖母的狗是服务型动物，可以进入体育场。故选D项。
23．细节理解题。根据表格第三部分Mass Transit部分“Lng Island Rail Rad: LIRR prvides easy service t Mets-Willets Pint Statin frm Wdside, and cnvenient cnnectins frm Penn Statin fr New Jersey Transit custmers(长岛铁路：LIRR从 Wdside向 Mets-Willets Pint站提供便捷的服务，并为新泽西州的运输客户提供从宾夕法尼亚站的便捷连接）”可知，如果一个毕业生的父母住在宾夕法尼亚州车站地区，他们可以从宾夕法尼亚站乘坐LIRR，一直到大都会Mets-Willets Pint站，故选B项。
24．C 25．D 26．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Musk在受Jamie Oliver演讲的启发后，创立百万个家庭花园，鼓励和教授人们自己种植自己的食物，来让自己吃的食物更健康。
24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The Internet startup talent and restaurateur had just arrived in Jacksn Hle frm a cnference where chef Jamie Oliver had spken abut the benefits f healthy eating. This made Musk think a lt—hw he might make a difference t the fd industry（这位互联网创业天才和餐馆老板刚刚参加完Jacksn Hle的一个会议抵达Jacksn Hle，会上主厨Jamie Oliver谈到了健康饮食的好处。这让马斯克思考了很多——他如何能对食品行业作出改变）”可知Musk是在参加完Jamie Oliver的演讲之后开始考虑对食品行业作出改变，即受到了这个演讲的启发。故选C项。
25．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Aimed at reaching lw-incme families, the Millin Gardens Mvement was inspired by the pandemic, as bth a desire t feel mre cnnected t nature and fd insecurity have been at the frefrnt f s many peple’s lives.（旨在惠及低收入家庭的百万花园运动受到流行病的启发，因为渴望与自然建立更多联系的愿望和粮食的不安全一直处于许多人生活的最前沿。）”可知渴望与自然的联系和粮食安全问题是人们咨询百万花园运动的主要原因；根据文章最后一段“It als ffers free curses n hw t get the garden grwing and fresh seeds and materials fr the changing grwing seasns. “It’s nt difficult. Anyne can d this, n matter where yu cme frm, n matter where yu live. We are all able t grw smething,” says Musk.（它还提供免费课程，介绍如何让花园生长以及在不断变化的生长季节提供新鲜种子和材料。“这并不难。任何人都可以做到这一点，无论你来自哪里，无论你住在哪里。 我们都能够种植一些东西，”马斯克说。）”可知，百万花园计划是专门教人自己种植的；与前面人们咨询百万花园运动的原因结合起来，可推断，百万花园重点是教人们如何种植自己吃的食物，使人们吃的食物更健康，并增加人与自然之间的联系。故选D项。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Aimed at reaching lw-incme families（旨在惠及低收入家庭）”可知Musk创立百万花园运动主要针对低收入家庭；由文章最后一段“The prgram ffers free garden kits that can be grwn indrs r utdrs（该计划提供可以在室内或室外种植的免费花园套件）”可知他免费给人们提供种植套件；“It als ffers free curses（它还提供免费课程）”可知Musk的计划还给人提供免费课程；综上所述，可推知Musk是富有慈善意识的；故选A项。
27．C 28．B 29．D 30．D
【导语】本文一篇说明文。文章介绍了减肥可以让你的大脑更敏锐。
27．细节理解题。根据第二段中“There have been few studies f verweight and cgnitive functining, pssibly because it is generally believed that it is nt a primary risk cause fr pr cgnitive perfrmance.（很少有关于超重和认知功能的研究，可能是因为人们普遍认为超重不是导致认知能力低下的主要原因。）”可知，人们在此之前很少研究肥胖和认知功能之间存在关系的原因是人们没有认为肥胖是导致认知功能下降的基本原因，故选C。
28．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Lsing weight, therefre, may help imprve these mental functins, accrding t a new research led by Jhn Gunstad, assistant prfessr f psychlgy at Kent State University.（因此，根据Jhn Gunstad领导的一项新研究表明，减肥可能有助于改善这些心智功能。）”可知，减肥可以改善心智功能，故选B。
29．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Nw that he’s seen the psitive effect that weight lss can have n memry and attentin, he says he will next study thse wh chse t lse weight by the traditinal way—eating healthier and getting mre active. He expects that lsing weight in this way will have a similarly psitive effect n the brain.（现在他看到了减肥对记忆力和注意力的积极影响，他说他下一步将研究那些选择用传统方式减肥的人——饮食更健康、更活跃（更爱运动）。他认为这种减肥方式对大脑也有类似的积极影响。）”可知，他在接下来要研究那些通过锻炼和健康饮食减肥的人们，看是否健康减肥也存在这种对大脑的积极影响，即：超重的人是否会通过多运动变得更聪明，故选D。
30．主旨大意题。结合文章第一段提出“Lsing weight cmes with a lt f health benefits-including making yur brain sharper.（减肥对健康有很多好处，包括使你的大脑更敏锐。）”以及后文对这项研究进行详细介绍，可知D项“减肥可以让你的大脑更敏锐”为本文最佳标题，故选D。
31．B 32．C 33．A 34．C
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了关于运动的极限理论。该理论认为人们之所以感到疲惫是因为肌肉达到了极限，而疲劳是由大脑控制的。
31．细节理解题。根据文章第一段的In ther wrds, muscles tire because they hit a physical limit: they either run ut f fuel r xygen r they drwn in harmful by-prducts(副产品)可知极限理论认为人们会感到疲倦时因为到达了肌肉的极限。B. Athletes feel tired when they use up all their energy.（运动员感到疲惫是因为他们用完了自己的能量）符合以上说法，故选B项。
32．细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Tiredness, he argues, is caused nt by signals springing frm vertaxed muscles, but is an emtinal respnse which begins in the brain.可知Timthy Nakes认为是人的大脑控制了肌肉是否感到疲倦。C. mental prcesses cntrl the symptms f tiredness（精神过程控制疲倦的症状）符合以上说法，故选C项。
33．推理判断题。根据文章第二段的The fundamental nature f his new thery is that the brain paces the muscles t keep them well back frm the edge f exhaustin. When the brain decides it’s time t quit, it creates unbearable muscle tiredness.和第三段的Lactic acid is a by-prduct f exercise, and the increase f it is ften mentined as a cause f tiredness.可推测连个理论都认为lactic acid是运动时产生的。A. lactic acid is prduced in muscles during exercise（运动时肌肉离会产生lactic acid）符合以上推测，故选A项。
34．主旨大意题。根据本段的Lactic acid is a by-prduct f exercise, and the increase f it is ften mentined as a cause f tiredness. But when research subjects exercise in certain cnditins created artificially, they becme tired even thugh lactic acid levels remain lw.可知lactic acid paradx理论认为人们在运动的时候lactic的升高会使人疲倦，但令人费解的是当lactic还很低的时候人们也会感到疲劳。C. The puzzling evidence f a study.（一个研究令人费解的证据）可以作为本段主旨，故选C项。
35．C 36．D 37．G 38．B 39．E
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要从三个方面说明了跑步捡垃圾的好处，并提出了进行跑步捡垃圾的相关建议。
35．根据下文“If yu lve utdr exercise, enjy exercising with thers”如果你喜欢户外运动，喜欢和别人一起运动的话。C项Usually perfrmed as part f a grup run, it's als a scial exercise.“这是一个社交运动，通常以组队的形式进行”呼应下文中的thers，切合题意。故选C项。
36．根据下文“This might be a standard trash bag, easy t carry and capable f cntaining litter that might have sharp edges.”这可以是一个普通的垃圾袋，便于携带，并且能装带有锋利边缘的垃圾。D项Yu als need t find a suitable carry bag fr cllecting the litter in.“你还需要一个便于携带的垃圾袋来装垃圾”呼应后句中的“easy t carry and capable f cntaining litter”便于携带并可以装垃圾，切合题意。故选D项。
37．根据上文“Use scial media, ntices n bulletin bards, r place signs in the windws f sprts stres t find fellw plggers.”用社交媒体、在公告板里发通知或者在体育商店橱窗上贴标签来找到跑步捡垃圾运动的伙伴们。G项With sme advertising effrt, yu are likely t cnnect with a few interested peple.“做了这些努力后，你就能找到感兴趣的人了”呼应上文使用各种方式找到伙伴一起组队，符合语境。故选G项。
38．根据上文“If in dubt, leave it and get better equipment t remve it.”如果有疑问的话，把它留下，找到更好的工作移除它。B项Yu can als ask fr assistance frm the lcal authrities.“你也可以向当地官方部门寻求帮助”意在表明清除有害垃圾的方式有两种，使用分述方式展开说明，因此B项符合题意。故选B项。
39．根据下文“It is a way f cmbining individual achievement via exercise with cmmunity and envirnmental care.”这是一种通过运动把个人成就与社区和环境保护结合起来的方式。E项Plgging is a great way t feel mtivated as it has mre than ne benefit.“跑步捡垃圾是一种能感受到动力很棒的方式，因为有着不止一个的益处”呼应下文对这种方式的具体说明，E项切题。故选E项。
40．Smething that yu wuld rather nt have anyne else t knw abut. 41．Because they cmmitted crimes. 42．Jessica’s mther fainted because a bny arm hit her when she pened Jessica’s clset. In the passage, Jessica’s mther fainted because a bny arm stuck ut frm the dark depths and a bundle f white bnes fell t the flr when she pened Jessica’s clset. 43．Yes, it is. Because Jessica meant t tell her mther abut the skeletn in the clset, but her questin caused quarrels between her mther and father; they bth misunderstd each ther.
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Jessica家里发生的一件趣事，Jessica想问问妈妈对于衣柜里骷髅的想法，而妈妈却以为女儿问的是一句俗语的含义，并因此产生了误解。
40．考查细节理解。根据文章第一段““Mum, what des it mean when smene tells yu that they have a skeletn in the clset?” Jessica asked. “A skeletn in the clset?” her mther paused thughtfully. “Well, it’s smething that yu wuld rather nt have anyne else knw abut. Fr example, if in the past, smene in Dad’s family had been arrested fr stealing a hrse, it wuld be ‘a skeletn in his family’s clset’. He really wuldn’t want any neighbr t knw abut it.”(“妈妈，如果有人告诉你他们衣柜里有骷髅是什么意思？”Jessica问道。“衣柜里的骷髅？”母亲若有所思地停了下来。“嗯，这是一件你不想让别人知道的事情。例如，如果在过去，爸爸家里有人因为偷了一匹马而被捕，那就会是‘他家里的骷髅’。他真的不想让邻居知道这件事。”)”可知，Jessica的妈妈认为“衣柜里的骷髅”指的是不想让别人知道的事情。故答案为Smething that yu wuld rather nt have anyne else t knw abut。
41．考查推理判断。根据文章第二段““Yur family histry isn’t s gd, yu knw. Wasn’t yur great-great-grandfather a prisner wh was transprted t Australia fr his crimes?” “Yes, but peple these days say that yu are nt a real Australian unless yur ancestrs arrived as prisners.”(“你知道，你的家族史不太好。你的曾曾祖父不是因为犯罪被流放到澳大利亚的囚犯吗？”“是的，但是现在人们说，除非你的祖先是作为囚犯来到这里的，否则你就不是真正的澳大利亚人。”)”可知，一些澳大利亚人的祖先是因为犯了罪被流放到这里的。故答案为Because they cmmitted crimes。
42．考查细节理解。根据文章第三段“When she finished, she gathered the freshly pressed clthes in her arms and walked t Jessica’s clset. Just as she pened the dr and reached in t hang a skirt, a bny arm stuck ut frm the dark depths and a bundle f white bnes fell t the flr. Jessica’s mther sank int a faint (晕倒), waking nly when Jessica put a cld, wet clth n her frehead.(洗完衣服后，她把刚熨好的衣服抱在怀里，走向Jessica的衣橱。就在她打开门，伸手去挂裙子的时候，一条瘦骨嶙峋的手臂从黑暗的深处伸出来，一捆白骨落在地板上。Jessica的母亲昏倒了，直到Jessica把一块冷的湿布放在她的额头上才醒过来。)”可知，Jessica的母亲晕倒是因为当她打开Jessica的衣柜时，一条瘦骨嶙峋的手臂从黑暗的深处伸出来，一捆白骨落在地板上，受到惊吓而晕倒的。因此，原句中“because a bny arm hit her”表述错误。故答案为ln the passage, Jessica’s mther fainted because a bny arm stuck ut frm the dark depths and a bundle f white bnes fell t the flr when she pened Jessica’s clset。
43．开放题。要生考生谈谈自己是否觉得这个故事很幽默，并解释原因，考生言之有理即可。故参考答案为Yes, it is. Because Jessica meant t tell her mther abut the skeletn in the clset, but her questin caused quarrels between her mther and father; they bth misunderstd each ther。
44．Dear Jim,
Hw are yu recently? In yur last letter, yu asked abut the schl sprts-meet held last week. I’m writing t share with yu sme detailed infrmatin.
Our class tk an active part in all the events in the track and field, like 100-meter race, lng distance running, lng jump and high jump. Althugh we were nt talented in sprts, all the athletes tried hard and the ther students cheered fr them thrughut the cmpetitin. What impressed us mst was the 400-meter relay race, in which the fur runners cperated perfectly and wn the first place. Seeing tears and sweat mixing n their faces, I was deeply mved. The sprts meet prvides us with the chance t strengthen ur bdies and bst ur sense f unity as well.
What abut yur sprts meet? I’m lking frward t hearing frm yu sn.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本文是应用文。要求考生给美国朋友Jim介绍刚刚参加的学校运动会的情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
最近：recently→lately
举办：hld→thrw
参加：take part in→jin in
例如：like→such as
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In yur last letter, yu asked abut the schl sprts-meet held last week.
拓展句：In yur last letter, yu asked abut the schl sprts-meet that was held last week.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Althugh we were nt talented in sprts, all the athletes tried hard and the ther students cheered fr them thrughut the cmpetitin.（由Althugh引导的让步状语从句）
【高分句型2】What impressed us mst was the 400-meter relay race, in which the fur runners cperated perfectly and wn the first place. （由What引导的主语从句和in which引导的非限制性定语从句）
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