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人大附中2022~2023学年度第一学期高一年级期中练习 英语
说明：本试卷共3道大题44道小题，共10页，考试时间90分钟。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It started with a dogwood (山茱萸) tree.
I was in Ohio when my mother died on a cold day in February, and everything was ____1____. A few weeks into my grief (悲痛), my uncle suggested planting a tree in ____2____ of her. He had visited my parents many years ago during a California spring. They drove down a neighborhood street lined with blooming dogwood trees and ever since, the ____3____ of a dogwood reminded him of my mom.
We planted the dogwood in May. Its gray trunk (树干) was as thin as my mother’s arms. It lay in the ____4____ much like her ashes would settle on the rocky soil of the Rocky Mountains five years later.
Planting a living thing to honor her hard life that ended too soon soothed (抚慰) my heart. This tree would be a symbol of her, something I could ____5____ despite all I’d lost.
My mother could make anything ____6____. She had not just green thumbs but green hands and a nature that could raise anything but herself.
As a young adult, I was never good at cultivating—opportunities, relationships, and flowers. Because of distance and poor health, my relationship with my mom never got the chance to blossom as I’d hoped.
But my mom’s dogwood grew. Its ____7____ pushed into the hard soil; its white blossoms exploded like stars every June. This tree gave me hope that life goes on in spite of the past.
Soon I began buying other plants. Without explanation, these plants suddenly thrived under my care. And I grew, too, learning how to tend to them. So many lessons that nature already knew, that my mother must have known but didn’t have time to ____8____, I applied to my own life.
A part of me believes this is my mother’s gift she gave to me after she passed away—the ability to encourage and celebrate ____9____ where there was none, to make flowers appear out of the dirt. It is her reminder to find the good in whatever I’m _____10_____, and a promise that wherever she is, it is beautiful.
Though she has been gone for more than 14 years, I can still find her in my garden.
1. A. cold B. colorless C. false D. amazing
2. A. need B. favor C. memory D. celebration
3. A. existence B. sight C. height D. wonder
4. A. air B. heaven C. water D. ground
5. A. sign up for B. adapt to C. hold on to D. catch up with
6. A. grow B. rise C. melt D. appear
7. A. branches B. seeds C. roots D. leaves
8. A. share B. draw C. learn D. judge
9. A. tradition B. holidays C. victory D. life
10. A. taken B. handed C. reminded D. convinced
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者失去母亲而情绪低落，叔叔建议种植山茱萸来纪念她，接着作者开始了种植的历程，仿佛母亲依旧在自己的花园里。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：二月的一个寒冷的日子，我母亲去世的时候我在俄亥俄州，一切都是无色的。A. cold冷的；B. colorless无色的；C. false错误的；D. amazing令人吃惊的。因为作者母亲去世了，作者的心情肯定很不好，根据语境，推知她看什么都是无色的，表明作者意志消沉；故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我陷入悲伤的几个星期后，我叔叔建议种一棵树来纪念她。A. need需要；B. favor帮忙；C. memory纪念；D. celebration庆祝。根据文章第三段“Planting a living thing to honor her hard life that ended too soon soothed (抚慰) my heart. This tree would be a symbol of her, something I could ____5____ despite all I’d lost.”可知作者说种植一个活的东西来纪念母亲的艰难的生活，这么快结束苦难生活让作者的心感到抚慰，这个树是作者母亲的象征，由此可知，作者种植这棵树是为了纪念其母亲的；in memory of 是固定短语，译为“为了纪念……”符合题意；故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们开车沿着附近的一条街道行驶，街道两旁种满了盛开的山茱萸树，从那以后，一看到山茱萸就让他想起了我的妈妈。A. existence存在；B. sight看见；C. height高；D. wonder惊奇。作者叔叔来拜访过作者父母，他们开车沿着附近的一条街道行驶，街道两旁种满了盛开的山茱萸树，即他来作者家的途中，看到了两边全是盛开的山茱萸树，又提到了这让他想起作者的母亲，推知是从那以后，一看到眼前的山茱萸树就会让他想起作者母亲；the sight of是固定短语，译为“一看到……”，符合题意；故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它落在地上，就像五年后她的骨灰落在Rocky山脉的岩石土壤上一样。A. air空气；B. heaven天堂；C. water水；D. ground地面。分析本句“It lay in the ____4____ much like her ashes would settle on the rocky soil of the Rocky Mountains five years later.”可知提到了像作者母亲的骨灰落在Rocky山脉的岩石土壤上一样，故推知是将山茱萸落在地上比作像作者母亲的骨灰落在Rocky山脉的岩石土壤上一样，都有回归大地土壤的意思；故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这棵树将是她的象征，即使我失去了一切，我也能紧紧抓住它。A. sign up for登记报名；B. adapt to适应；C. hold on to紧紧抓住；D. catch up with赶上。由文章第一段中“I was in Ohio when my mother died on a cold day in February, and everything was ____1____.”可知作者母亲去世了，作者觉得一切都黯然失色，就像自己失去一切一样，此刻表明作者黑暗的心情，故推知本处“This tree would be a symbol of her, something I could ____5____ despite all I’d lost.”表述的是这棵树是作者母亲的象征，即使作者失去一切，也能睹物思人，即能紧紧抓住这棵树，从这棵树上获得安慰；故选C项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我母亲能使任何东西生长。A. grow生长；B. rise提高；C. melt溶解；D. appear消失。由下句“She had not just green thumbs but green hands and a nature that could raise anything.”可知提到作者母亲不仅有绿色的拇指，而且有绿色的手，她天生什么都能养，即她擅长种植，什么都能饲养，故推知本处表示她能使任何东西生长；故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的根扎进坚硬的土壤里；每年六月，它白色的花朵就像星星一样绽放。A. branches枝条；B. seeds种子；C. roots根；D. leaves叶子。由本句中“pushed into the hard soil”可知提到伸进坚硬的土壤中，由常识可知，一般是植物的根扎进土壤中；故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多大自然都知道的经验，我的母亲一定知道，但没有时间分享，我把它们应用到自己的生活中。A. share分享；B. draw画；C. learn学习；D. judge评价。由本段上文“And I grew, too, learning how to tend to them.”可知提到作者长大了，学会怎样照料它们，可知作者是自己学习的，并不是母亲教的，推知本处表示的是很多种植经验母亲都知道，但是没有时间跟作者分享；故选A项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我心里有一部分相信这是我母亲在她去世后给我的礼物——鼓励和赞美生命的能力，在啥也没有的地方，让花朵从泥土中显现出来。A. tradition传承；B. holidays假期；C. victory胜利；D. life生命。由本句中“to make flowers appear out of the dirt.”可知提到让花朵从泥土中显现出来，即花从泥土中长出来，这是新生命的出现，故推知本处“the ability to encourage and celebrate ____9____”表述的是鼓励和赞美生命的能力；故选D项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是她的提醒，无论我收到什么，都要发现它的优点，并向我承诺，无论她在哪里，它都是美丽的。A. taken拿；B. handed给；C. reminded提醒；D. convinced使确信。由前文“A part of me believes this is my mother’s gift she gave to me after she passed away—the ability to encourage and celebrate ____9____ where there was none, to make flowers appear out of the dirt.”可知作者相信这是母亲给的礼物——鼓励和赞美生命的能力，让什么都没有的地方，使得花朵从泥土中生长，故推知本处“whatever I’m ____10____”表述的是作者无论被给与任何东西，都会发现它的优点或其中的美；故选B项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
To solve the problem of hunger between the two main meals of the day, the Duchess came up with an idea. She invited some of her friends ____11____ (join) her for an afternoon meal. The meal ____12____ (hold) between four and five o’clock. It included cakes and ____13____ (sandwich). Tea was served ____14____ (wash) down the food.
【答案】11. to join
12. was held
13. sandwiches
14. to wash
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了下午茶的由来。
【11题详解】
考查不定式。句意：她邀请她的一些朋友和她一起在下午吃顿饭。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语invite sb. to do sth.，表示“邀请某人做某事”，设空处故填不定式作宾补，故填to join。
【12题详解】
考查时态及语态。句意：这顿饭在四点到五点之间举行。根据句意可知，本文描述过去发生的事，时态用一般过去时。根据句子结构可知，主语The meal与hold是动宾关系，故用被动语态。结合时态，故用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。主语The meal是单数，故填was held。
【13题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：包含蛋糕和三明治。根据句意及句子结构可知，and是并列连词，故设空处与cakes保持一致，故填可数名词复数，故填sandwiches。
14题详解】
考查不定式。句意：茶被端上来，用来咽食物。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处用不定式表目的。故填to wash。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Zhang Tian’s first year is almost over. What made him feel ____15____ (satisfy) was that his students achieved great progress in English learning. Besides teaching, he also brought great changes to the village, ____16____ included rebuilding the playground and setting up the library. The village is like his second home now. ____17____ he had only intended to stay for one year, he now feels ready to stay for another year.
【答案】15. satisfied
16. which 17. Although##Though##While
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了张天在乡村支教的事情。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：令他感到满意是，他的学生在英语学习上取得了很大的进步。分析句子结构可知，空处需用形容词作系动词feel的表语，修饰人，所以此处需用-ed形容词satisfied。故填satisfied。
【16题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：除了教学，他还给村子带来了巨大的变化，包括重建操场和建立图书馆。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是changes，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
【17题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然他原本只打算待一年，但现在他觉得准备再待一年。结合空前后句意可知，空处需用although/though/while (虽然，尽管)，引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Although/Though/While。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
This is a public service announcement. Audiences are reminded to turn off the phones or put them on silence. Please do not cheer or talk loudly during the time ____18____ the ball is in play or if a player is serving. Wait for the point or game to end before ____19____ (stand) up or leaving your seat. When taking photos during the match, please turn off your flash. Please do not throw ____20____ onto the court.
【答案】18. when
19. standing
20. anything
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是一段关于看比赛的注意事项的通知。
【18题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：在比赛中或球员发球时，请不要大声欢呼或说话。引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”应用when。故填when。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：等比赛结束后再站起来或离开座位。根据后文or leaving your seat可知应填动名词，作宾语。故填standing。
【20题详解】
考查不定代词。句意：请不要往球场上扔任何东西。作宾语，表示“任何东西”应用不定代词anything。故填anything。
第二部分 阅读理解(共三节，44分)
第一节(共13小题;每小题2分，共26分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Have you ever been really hungry, but there wasn’t much to eat in your kitchen? Did you throw together a bunch of stuff you had on hand and were pleasantly surprised when it tasted good? You aren’t alone. Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.
POTATO CHIPS
One of the world’s favorite snacks is the result of a complaint. In 1853, a man was eating dinner at Moon’s Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York. He ordered fried potatoes, a popular side dish. But when they came out of the kitchen, he didn’t think they were crispy enough. He sent them back to the kitchen, where Chef George Crum was so angry at having his cooking criticized that he sliced the potatoes really thin, put lots of salt on them, and fried them. Not only did the diner love them, but everyone else did, too. They soon became a specialty of the restaurant.
TOFU
Tofu, or beancurd, is made by curdling (使凝结) fresh soya milk, pressing it into a solid block, and then cooling it. Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese. Like cheese, tofu is a great example of how really messing up a recipe can create something unexpectedly good.
CHEESE PUFFS
Did you ever wonder who thought up cheese puffs? The company that invented them wasn’t even trying to make food for people. It was trying to make animal feed. In the 1930s, the Flakall Company of Wisconsin made animal food from small, flaked pieces of grain. One day, an employee, Edward Wilson, watched workers pouring cornmeal (谷粉) into the flaking machine, wetting it to keep it from clogging (堵塞). Because the machine was very hot, the wet cornmeal came out of it in puffy ribbons that hardened when they hit the air, Wilson took some of the ribbons home, added oil and flavoring to them, and voila! Cheese puffs!
21. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. The company that invented cheese got its inspiration from Tofu.
B. Chef George Crum didn’t like to criticize others’ cooking.
C Hot wet cornmeal turned soft when it hit the air.
D. Tofu dates back to 2000 years ago in China.
22. What do the three foods have in common?
A. They were not created on purpose.
B. They are the results of complaints.
C. They weren’t originally made for people.
D. They are all popular throughout the world.
23. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To inform readers of some foods. B. To recommend some nutritious foods.
C. To introduce the origins of some foods. D. To compare the features of some foods.
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三种食物的起源，它们都是被偶然创造出来的。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. (豆腐是2000年前偶然在中国发明的，当时一位厨师在豆浆中加入海藻，使豆浆凝结)”可知，豆腐可以追溯到2000年前的中国；故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake. (我们最喜欢的一些食物是偶然创造出来的。以下是一些常见食物的菜单样本，如果不是有人错误地创造了它们，这些食物就不会出现。)”可知，文章中所讲述的三种食物都是被偶然创造出来的，即不是有目标地被创造出来；故选A项。
【23题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了三种食物的历史起源，而且它们都是被偶然创造出来的，故选项C“To introduce the origins of some foods (介绍一些食物的起源)”适合作为本文标题；故选C项。
B
The day will come when renewable energy such as wind, solar, geothermal and others replace fossil fuels as the major source of world energy. However, most analysts insist that this day will not arrive for many decades to come — certainly well past the middle of the century. Systems of fossil fuels have already been firmly set up, and it is too costly or impractical to replace the existing systems with renewables. But there are good reasons to believe that the transition (转变) to renewables will come much faster than previously thought.
It is hardly surprising that many experts say we will see a relatively slow transition from fossil fuels to renewables, given what is known about previous energy changes of this sort. “Energy transitions take a long time,” observed Vaclav Smil of the University of Manitoba. It took more than 50 years for coal to replace wood as the world’s leading source of energy and another 50 years for oil to replace coal; the change from fossil fuels to renewables, he argued, is not likely to come any faster.
Under ordinary circumstances, Smil’s forecast would no doubt prove accurate. But these are not ordinary times. Growing concern over climate change is leading to increasingly strict controls on CO2 and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (排放), while the development in renewables technology is lowering their price and speeding their installation (安装).
There are, of course, many difficulties in the effective control of carbon emissions, as demonstrated by coal companies to block the introduction of new rules by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Nevertheless, it is impossible to take no notice of the progress being made at the local and international levels to promote the use of renewables. The European Union (E.U.), for example, is well on the way to achieving a 20% reduction in GHG emissions from 1990 levels by 2025, along with a 20%increase in the use of renewable energy.
The transition to renewables will be faster due to dramatic US improvements in the pricing and performance of such systems. As a result of the steady increases in the efficiency of wind and solar systems, together with the savings achieved through large- scale manufacture, the price of renewables is falling globally. With prices dropping this fast, solar energy is now proving competitive with fossil fuels for generating electricity in many areas.
The change from fossil fuels to renewable energy will not come overnight, and it will not escape many setbacks. Nevertheless, renewables are likely to replace fossil fuels as the main source of electrical power well before mid-century.
24. Vaclav Smil believes that ________.
A. renewable energies are not very practical
B. the change to renewables will come slowly
C. systems of fossil fuels have been firmly set up
D. there are many setbacks of renewable energies
25. We can learn from the passage that European Union ________.
A. has cut down half of the carbon emissions
B. has failed to find a way to reduce GHG emissions
C. is trying its best to encourage the use of renewables
D. tries to stop the introduction of new rules on renewables
26. The renewables are more competitive because of ________.
A. their falling prices B. the decline in the coal industry
C. international trade D. the new rules on CO2 emission
27. According to the passage, ________.
A. Smil’s forecast has proved to be inaccurate in all situations
B. Renewable energy serves as a major source of energy in today’s world
C. Companies supported the rules made by US Environmental Protection Agency
D. There has been a steady improvement in the efficiency of wind and solar systems
28. The author writes this passage in order to ________.
A. call on people to use fewer fossil fuels
B. give advice on how to promote renewables
C. argue that the energy transition will come sooner
D. prove that renewables will be the major source of energy
【答案】24 B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了风能、太阳能、地热能等可再生能源将取代化石燃料，成为世界能源的主要来源。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It is hardly surprising that many experts say we will see a relatively slow transition from fossil fuels to renewables, given what is known about previous energy changes of this sort. Energy transitions take a long time.(许多专家说，我们将看到从化石燃料到可再生能源的相对缓慢的过渡，这一点并不令人惊讶，因为我们对以前的这类能源变化已经有所了解。“能源转换需要很长时间。)”可知，斯米尔认为可再生能源的变化将缓慢地到来。故选B项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Nevertheless, it is impossible to dismiss the progress being made at the local and international levels to promote the use of renewables. The European Union(E.U), for example, is well on the way to achieving a 20% reduction in GHG emissions from 1990 levels by 2020.(然而，地方和国际在促进使用可再生能源方面所取得的进展是不可能忽略的，例如，欧洲联盟正在朝着到2020年将温室气体排放量从1990年的水平减少20%的方向前进。)”可知，我们可以从欧盟中了解到，它正在尽力鼓励使用可再生能源可再生能源。故选C项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“As a result of the steady increases in the efficiency of wind and solar systems, together with the savings achieved through large-scale manufacture, the price of renewables is falling globally. With prices dropping this fast, solar energy is now proving competitive with fossil fuels for generating electricity in many areas.(由于风能和太阳能系统的效率不断提高，加上通过大规模生产而节省下来的成本，可再生能源的价格在全球范围内正在下降，随着价格的快速下降，太阳能在许多领域与化石燃料的发电竞争日益激烈。)”可知可再生能源更具有竞争力，因为他们的价格下跌。故选A项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Under ordinary circumstances, Smil’s forecast would no doubt prove accurate.(在一般情况下，斯米尔的预测无疑是准确的。)”可知，斯米尔的预测是准确的，故排除A项；根据文章最后一段“Nevertheless, renewables are likely to replace fossil fuels as the main source of electrical power well before mid-century. (然而，可再生能源很可能在本世纪中叶之前取代化石燃料成为主要电力来源。)”可知，当今世界的主要来源是化石燃料，故排除B项；根据文章第四段“There are, of course, many difficulties in the effective control of carbon emissions, as demonstrated by coal companies to block the introduction of new rules by the US Environmental Protection Agency.(当然，有效控制碳排放存在许多困难，正如煤炭公司阻止美国环境保护署出台新规则所显示的那样。)”可知，煤炭公司不支持美国环境署制定的规则，故排除C项；根据文章倒数第二段“As a result of the steady increases in the efficiency of wind and solar systems (由于风能和太阳能系统的效率不断提高。)”可知，风能和太阳能的效率稳步提升。故选D项。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Nevertheless, renewables are likely to replace fossil fuels as the main source of electrical power well before mid-century.(然而，在本世纪中叶，可再生能源很可能取代化石燃料作为电力的主要来源。)”可知作者认为能量转换会很快到来。故选C项。
C
As the latest crop of students fill in their undergraduate application form and weigh up their options, it may be worth considering just how the point, purpose, and value of a degree have changed and what Generation Z (people born between 1997 and 2012) need to consider as hey start the third stage of their educational journey.
Millennials (people born between 1981 and 1996) were told that if they did well in school, and got a decent degree, they would be set up for life. But it seems that this promise hasn’t been fulfilled. As degrees became universal, they became devalued. Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility (流动性). Today, 28% of graduates (大学毕业生) in the UK are in non-graduate roles, a percentage that is double the average among OECD (经济合作与发展组织) countries.
This is not to say that there is no point in getting a degree, but rather stress that a degree is not for everyone, that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that other options are available.
Thankfully, there are signs that this is already happening, with Generation Z seeking to learn from their millennial predecessors, even if parents and teachers tend to be still set in the degree mindset. Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduates. Many too are seeing the advantages of removing a degree requirement for certain roles.
For those for whom a degree is the desired route, consider that this may well be the first of many. In this age of generalists, it pays to have specific knowledge or skills. Post graduates now earn 40% more than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree, it makes sense to have two.
It is unlikely that Generation Z will be done with education at 18 or 21. They will need to be constantly upskilling throughout their career to stay employable. It has been estimated that this generation, due to the pressures of technology, the wish for personal fulfillment, and the desire for diversity will work for 17 different employers over the course of their working life and have five different careers. Education, and not just knowledge gained on campus, will be a core part of Generation Z’s career path.
Older generations often talk about their degree in the present and personal tense: “I am a geographer” or “I am a pianist”. Their sons or daughters would never say such a thing; it’s as if they already know that their degree won’t define them in the same way.
29. The author suggests that Generation Z should ________.
A. be careful in choosing a college
B. be diligent at each educational stage
C. reevaluate the necessity of college education
D. postpone their undergraduate application
30. The percentage of UK graduates in non-graduate roles reflect ________.
A. Millennials’ opinions about work
B. the decreasing value of a degree
C. public dissatisfaction with education
D. the desired route of social mobility
31. The author considers it a good sign that ________.
A. generation Z are seeking to earn a decent degree
B. school leavers are willing to be skilled workers
C. employers are taking a realistic attitude to degrees
D. parents are changing their minds about education
32. It is advised in Paragraph 5 that those with one degree should ________.
A. make an early decision on their career
B. attend on-the-job training programs
C. team up with highly-paid postgraduates
D. further their studies in a specific field
33. What can be concluded about Generation Z from the last two paragraphs?
A. They will become qualified educators.
B. Degrees will no longer appeal to them.
C They will have a limited choice of career paths.
D. Lifelong learning will be a crucial part of their life.
【答案】29. C 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Z一代认为学位并不适合每个人，从教室到演讲厅的转换并不是必然的，还有其他的选择。他们将需要在整个职业生涯中不断提高技能，以保持受雇的资格。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“As the latest crop of students fill in their undergraduate application form and weigh up their options, it may be worth considering just how the point, purpose, and value of a degree have changed and what Generation Z (people born between 1997 and 2012) need to consider as hey start the third stage of their educational journey.”（随着最新一批学生填写他们的本科申请表并权衡他们的选择，可能值得考虑一下学位的重点、目的和价值已经发生了怎样的变化，以及 Z 一代(出生于1997年至2012年之间的人)在开始他们教育旅程的第三阶段时需要考虑什么。）可知，对于Z一代人而言，在申请大学时，他们要考虑大学教育的重要性、大学教育的目的及学位对于他们的意义，即他们要考虑大学教育的必要性。故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But that promise has been found wanting. As degrees became universal, they became devalued. Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility. Today, 28 percent of graduates in the UK are in non-graduate roles, a percentage which is double the average among OECD countries.(但人们发现这一承诺并不理想。随着等级变得普遍，它们就贬值了。教育不再是社会流动的安全途径。如今，英国有28%的大学毕业生从事非大学毕业生的工作，这一比例是经合组织(OECD)国家平均水平的两倍)”和文章第三段“This is not to say that there is no point in getting a degree, but rather stress that a degree is not for everyone, that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that other options are available.(这并不是说获得学位没有意义，而是强调学位并不适合每个人，从教室到演讲厅的转换并不是必然的，还有其他的选择)”可知，英国毕业生担任非毕业生职位的比例，反映出学位价值的缩水。故选B。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduates. Many too are seeing the advantages of scrapping a degree requirement for certain roles.(长期以来，雇主们都看到了雇佣没毕业的学生的好处，因为他们往往证明自己比大学毕业生更忠诚。许多人也看到了对某些职位取消学位要求的好处)”可知，作者认为，这是一个好迹象，雇主正在采取现实的态度对待学位。故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“In this age of generalists, it pays to have specific knowledge or skills. Post graduates now earn 40% more than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree, it makes sense to have two.”（在这个多才多艺者的时代，拥有特定的知识或技能是值得的。研究生现在比毕业生多挣40% 。当越来越多的人拥有一个学位时，拥有两个学位是有意义的。）可知，对于拥有一个学位的人而言，拥有两个学位，在这个多才多艺者的时代，可以让你拥有特定的知识或技能，这是值得的。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“It is unlikely that Generation Z will be done with education at 18 or 21; they will need to be constantly up-skilling throughout their career to stay employable.( Z一代不太可能在18或21岁完成教育；他们将需要在整个职业生涯中不断提高技能，以保持受雇的资格)”和“Education, and not just knowledge gained on campus, will be a core part of Generation Z’s career trajectory.(教育，而不仅仅是在校园里获得的知识，将成为Z一代职业轨迹的核心部分)”可推知，从最后两段可以得出关于Z一代的结论是终生学习将决定他们是什么。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
People have pondered (思考) for centuries about a future without work. ____34____ Some imagine that the coming work—free world will be defined by inequality. A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in a poor wasteland.
A different and not mutually exclusive prediction holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one characterized by purposelessness: ____35____ Indeed, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll (调查) found that 20% of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for working Americans. Also, some research suggests that the explanation for rising rates of mortality, mental—health problems, and addiction among poorly—educated, middle—aged people is a shortage of well—paid jobs. ____36____ Perhaps this is why many worry about the painful dullness of a jobless future
____37____ Such visions are based on the downsides of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the absence of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could yield strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the virtue of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland. “Global surveys find that the vast majority of people are unhappy at work.”
These days, because leisure time is relatively scarce for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional demands of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel tired,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different.” ____38____
A. The difference might be so big that he would throw himself into a hobby with the intensity usually reserved for professional matters.
B. Today is no different, with scholars, writers, and activists once again warning that technology is replacing human workers.
C. But it doesn’t necessarily follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.
D. Having a job can provide a sense of financial stability.
E. Without jobs to give their lives meaning, people will simply become lazy and depressed.
F. Another study shows that people are often happier at work than in their free time.
G. However, some researchers insist that adding an amount of additional play into people’s lives would be a good thing.
【答案】34. B 35. E 36. D 37. C 38. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了没有工作的世界并不是最坏的结果。
【34题详解】
上文“People have pondered for centuries about a future without work.”(几个世纪以来，人们一直在思考一个没有工作的未来。)引出话题，没有工作的情况。下文“Some imagine that the coming work—free world will be defined by inequality. A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in a poor wasteland.”(有人设想，未来的无工作世界将由不平等来定义。少数富人将拥有所有的资本，而大众将在贫瘠的荒地上挣扎。)说明未来没有工作的情况。结合选项B项Today is no different, with scholars, writers, and activists once again warning that technology is replacing human workers. (今天也不例外，学者、作家和活动人士再次警告说，技术正在取代人类工人。)讲的是当下无工作的情况。和下文一起构成两种不同时间的假设，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
【35题详解】
下文“Indeed, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll (调查) found that 20% of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for working Americans.”(的确，今天的失业者似乎过得并不愉快。一项盖洛普民意调查发现，失业至少一年的美国人中有20%患有抑郁症，这一比例是在职美国人的两倍。)可知，主要讲的是失业后带来的负面影响。结合选项E项Without jobs to give their lives meaning, people will simply become lazy and depressed. (没有工作给他们的生活带来意义，人们只会变得懒惰和抑郁。)和下文意思一致，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
【36题详解】
上文“Also, some research suggests that the explanation for rising rates of mortality, mental—health problems, and addiction among poorly—educated, middle—aged people is a shortage of well—paid jobs.”(此外，一些研究表明，在受教育程度较低的中年人中，死亡率、心理健康问题和成瘾率上升的原因是缺乏高薪工作。)提到缺乏高薪工作。下文“Perhaps this is why many worry about the painful dullness of a jobless future.”(也许这就是为什么许多人担心未来失业会带来痛苦的沉闷。)说明担心失业。故可推断空格处内容为有一份工作可以让自己感到财产稳定感。结合选项D项Having a job can provide a sense of financial stability. (有一份工作可以提供一种财务稳定的感觉。)符合此推断，是对上下文的承上启下。故选D项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“Such visions are based on the downsides of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the absence of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could yield strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.”(这样的设想是基于在一个以就业概念为基础的社会中失业的负面影响。在没有工作的情况下，一个以其他目的为设计目的的社会可能会给未来的劳动和休闲带来截然不同的环境。)可知，主要讲的是没有工作对于其他目的为前提的不同效果。结合选项C项But it doesn’t necessarily follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. (但这并不是说，没有工作的世界就会充满不安。)为对下文内容的总结，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
【38题详解】
根据上文“These days, because leisure time is relatively scarce for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional demands of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel tired,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different.””(如今，由于休闲时间对大多数工作者来说相对稀缺，人们利用空闲时间来平衡工作对智力和情感的要求。丹纳赫说：“当我辛苦工作一天回到家时，我经常感到很累。在一个我不用工作的世界里，我的感觉可能会很不一样。”)讲的是不工作后自己的心态，故可推断，空格处内容为不工作后和工作时的心态的反差和区别。结合选项A项The difference might be so big that he would throw himself into a hobby with the intensity usually reserved for professional matters. (这种差异可能太大了，以至于他会像从事专业工作那样，全身心地投入到一项爱好中去。)符合该推断，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
第三节(共4小题，共8分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Autumntime
① I saw my first tree today. Dad finally broke down and took us to East Boston Urban Center after Mom had been harping on it for the past two weeks. I think he was glad we went after all because he was smiling quietly all during the trip back.
② Dad used to tell me stories about the trees that still existed when he was a boy. There weren’t very many even then, with the urbanization program in full swing, but most people had seen at least one tree by the time they started school. It wasn’t like nowadays, at any rate. Oh, I’ve seen the plastic trees; practically every street has a few of them. But you can tell the plastic ones are artificial just from looking at pictures in the microdot library.
③ This morning when we got up, the house was all excited. Mom dialed a light breakfast of toast and synthetic milk so that we wouldn’t waste time eating. And when finished, the three of us took an elevator bus up to the fourth level, where we caught the air track to Brooklyn. From there we took another elevator bus down to the main level, rode the monorail to Intercity Subway Station 27, and caught the second sublevel AA train to Boston. Our expectations were so high that Dad and I didn’t mind it when Mom told us again how the tree was discovered.
④ The O’Brien home was one of the few examples of old—style wooden structures that hadn’t been pulled down in Boston’s urban—renewal campaign at the turn of the century. The family had been able to avoid this because of its wealth and political influence, and the house was passed on through several generations to the present. Old man O’Brien had no heirs, so when he died, the family home went up for auction (拍卖), and the Urban Center bought it. When local officials arrived for an appraisal, they discovered that the house had a backyard, which is forbidden by zoning restrictions.
⑤ In the yard was a live tree—an oke was what Mom called it. When the news of the tree’s discovery leaked out, quite a few sightseers stopped by to have a look at it, and the local government, realizing the money—making potential, began charging admission fees and advertising the place. By now it had become a favorite spot for school field trips and family excursions such as ours.
⑥ When we arrived in main Boston we rode the elevator bus up to ground level and caught a monorail out to East Boston Urban Center. An air—cush taxi took us the rest of the way to the place.
⑦ The home itself was unimpressive. It had none of the marble gloss or steely sheen of modern buildings, but was rather a dull white color, with the paint peeling in places. Dad paid the admission fee, and we spent the next 15 minutes on a dull guided tour of the house. ‘The rooms were roped off to keep people from touching anything, but there were no windows facing the illegal backyard anyway, so it really didn’t matter that I couldn’t enter the rooms on that side.
⑧ My mind was on the tree, and I thought the inside tour would never end, but soon we were walking through a doorway hidden in one of the bookshelves and into the backyard. The yard was big—at least 10 by 20 feet, and I was surprised to find real grass growing on the sides of the concrete walkway built for tourists. The grass didn’t distract me for long, however, because I just couldn’t help noticing the tree!
⑨ It was located at one end of the yard, and there was a mesh fence around it for protection. It was similar in form to the plastic trees I’d seen, but there was much more to it than that. You could see details more intricate than in any artificial plant. And it was alive. Long ago someone had carved their initials in the bark, and you could see where the wound had healed. But best of all was the smell. It was a fresh, living odor, alien to the antiseptic world outside with all its metal, plastic, and glass. I wanted to touch the bark, but the fence prevented me from doing so. Mom and Dad just breathed deeply and stared up with smiles on their faces. The three of us stood there for a moment, and then the tour guide told us to make room for the next group. I didn’t want to go—in fact, I felt almost like crying.
⑩ On the way back home, Mom and Dad were silent, and I read through one of the brochures the guide had passed out. When I came to the part that said the O’Brien home would be open only for the rest of this year, I was sad. They intend to tear down the place to make room for some kind of insurance building, and the tree will have to go, too. For the rest of the trip, I just sat still, fingering the object in my pocket that I had picked off the grass in the O’Brien’s backyard. I think it’s called an acorn (橡子).
39. According to the passage, the O’Brien home was not destroyed at the turn of the century because ________.
A. a secret passageway was found in the library
B. the family had wealth and political influence
C. a tree was found in the backyard of the home
D. the home had historical and architectural value
40. Why does the tree become a tourist attraction?
A. It is the oldest known tree in the city.
B. It belonged to a family with privileges.
C. “Oke” trees are an especially rare species.
D. There are very few real trees remaining.
41. What does Paragraph 9 reveal about the narrator’s attitude towards nature?
A. The narrator is excited by nature, but not deeply affected by it.
B. The narrator is impressed with the beauty of nature.
C. The narrator prefers the world of steel to the world of nature.
D. The narrator is unaccustomed to nature and tries to keep a distance.
42. Which statement would the narrator most likely agree with?
A. Technological progress and urbanization come at a cost.
B. Economic profits overweigh environmental protection.
C. There is no point in preserving nature in the urbanization process.
D. Nature is resilient and there’s no need to worry about it.
【答案】39. B 40. D 41. B 42. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在城市化全面推进的社会里终于见到了第一棵真树，这棵树种在O’Brien家后院，但是因为要为一些保险大楼腾出空间，明年这棵树也要被砍掉，这使作者很沮丧。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The O’Brien home was one of the few examples of old—style wooden structures that hadn’t been pulled down in Boston’s urban—renewal campaign at the turn of the century. The family had been able to avoid this because of its wealth and political influence.(奥布莱恩的家是波士顿在世纪之交的城市重建运动中为数不多的没有被拆除的老式木结构建筑之一。由于其财富和政治影响力，这个家族得以避免这种情况。)”可知，奥布莱恩的家没有被拆的主要原因是他们的财富和政治影响力。故选B项。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“There weren’t very many even then, with the urbanization program in full swing, but most people had seen at least one tree by the time they started school. It wasn’t like nowadays, at any rate.(即使在当时，随着城市化计划的全面展开，这种树也不多，但大多数人在上学前至少见过一棵树。无论如何，那不像现在。)”和第五段“In the yard was a live tree—an oke was what Mom called it. When the news of the tree’s discovery leaked out, quite a few sightseers stopped by to have a look at it, and the local government, realizing the money—making potential, began charging admission fees and advertising the place. (院子里有一棵活树，妈妈叫它oke。当这棵树被发现的消息泄露出去时，不少观光客都停下来看一看，当地政府意识到赚钱的潜力，开始收取入场费并为这个地方做广告)”可知，随着城市化，城市里真正的树越来越少了，所以这棵老橡树才会成为旅游景点。故选D项。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第九段“But best of all was the smell. It was a fresh, living odor, alien to the antiseptic world outside with all its metal, plastic, and glass.(但最棒的还是它的味道。这是一种新鲜鲜活的气味，与外面充斥着金属、塑料和玻璃的消毒世界截然不同。)”和“The three of us stood there for a moment, and then the tour guide told us to make room for the next group. I didn’t want to go—in fact, I felt almost like crying.(我们三个人在那里站了一会儿，然后导游告诉我们给下一个旅游团让出地方来。我不想走——事实上，我几乎想哭。)”可知，作者很喜欢这棵树的味道，并且舍不得离开这棵树。所以可以推测出，作者深深地被美丽的自然打动了。故选B项。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Dad used to tell me stories about the trees that still existed when he was a boy. There weren’t very many even then, with the urbanization program in full swing. (爸爸常给我讲他小时候还存在的那些树的故事。即使在当时，随着城市化进程的全面推进，这种树也不多。)”和第十段中“When I came to the part that said the O’Brien home would be open only for the rest of this year, I was sad. They intend to tear down the place to make room for some kind of insurance building, and the tree will have to go, too. (当我说到奥布莱恩之家只在今年剩下的时间里开放时，我很难过。他们打算拆掉这个地方，为某种保险建筑腾出空间，而这棵树也必须被砍除。)”以及其它段落的描述，可知，本文讲述了作者在城市化全面推进的社会里终于见到了第一棵真树，这棵树种在奥布莱恩家后院，但是因为要为一些保险大楼腾出空间，明年这棵树也要被砍掉，这使作者很沮丧。因此选项A“技术进步和城市化是有代价的。”符合题意。故选A项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，26分)
第一节(共6分)
Describe one characteristic of Juli or Bryce in the novel Flipped, and use one or two examples from the novel to support your point. (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(共20分)
43. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim来信，询问你如何在繁忙的学习中，保持良好的身体和精神状态（keep fit both physically and mentally）。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 你的建议及理由；
2. 表示祝愿。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Knowing that you have trouble keeping fit both physically and mentally in your life, I am writing to give you some advice.
As a high school student, none of us is having an easy time, but we still can do something to get through high school successfully. The most important thing is to take care of your body and your mind. Whenever you feel tired or depressed, spare some time to do some exercise with your family and friends. What’s more, making a schedule for your study and personal life is essential to our physical and mental health.
Anyway, don’t push yourself too hard and I’m looking forward to hearing from you again!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim回复一封电子邮件，帮助Jim在繁忙的学习中保持良好的身体和精神状态，向他给出意见，并表达自己的祝愿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
做某事有困难：have trouble (in) doing sth.→ have difficulty (in) doing sth.
重要的：important→ crucial/essential/significant
照顾：take care of → look after
另外：What’s more → In addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The most important thing is to take care of your body and your mind.
拓展句：The most important thing is that you should take care of your body and your mind.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you have trouble keeping fit both physically and mentally in your life, I am writing to give you some advice. (运用了现在分词结构做状语和that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】Whenever you feel tired or depressed, spare some time to do some exercise with your family and friends. (运用了Whenever引导的时间状语从句)
【高分句型3】What’s more, making a schedule for your study and personal life is essential to our physical and mental health. (运用了动名词结构做主语)
人大附中2022~2023学年度第一学期高一年级期中练习 英语
说明：本试卷共3道大题44道小题，共10页，考试时间90分钟。
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It started with a dogwood (山茱萸) tree.
I was in Ohio when my mother died on a cold day in February, and everything was ____1____. A few weeks into my grief (悲痛), my uncle suggested planting a tree in ____2____ of her. He had visited my parents many years ago during a California spring. They drove down a neighborhood street lined with blooming dogwood trees and ever since, the ____3____ of a dogwood reminded him of my mom.
We planted the dogwood in May. Its gray trunk (树干) was as thin as my mother’s arms. It lay in the ____4____ much like her ashes would settle on the rocky soil of the Rocky Mountains five years later.
Planting a living thing to honor her hard life that ended too soon soothed (抚慰) my heart. This tree would be a symbol of her, something I could ____5____ despite all I’d lost.
My mother could make anything ____6____. She had not just green thumbs but green hands and a nature that could raise anything but herself.
As a young adult, I was never good at cultivating—opportunities, relationships, and flowers. Because of distance and poor health, my relationship with my mom never got the chance to blossom as I’d hoped.
But my mom’s dogwood grew. Its ____7____ pushed into the hard soil; its white blossoms exploded like stars every June. This tree gave me hope that life goes on in spite of the past.
Soon I began buying other plants. Without explanation, these plants suddenly thrived under my care. And I grew, too, learning how to tend to them. So many lessons that nature already knew, that my mother must have known but didn’t have time to ____8____, I applied to my own life.
A part of me believes this is my mother’s gift she gave to me after she passed away—the ability to encourage and celebrate ____9____ where there was none, to make flowers appear out of the dirt. It is her reminder to find the good in whatever I’m _____10_____, and a promise that wherever she is, it is beautiful.
Though she has been gone for more than 14 years, I can still find her in my garden.
1. A. cold B. colorless C. false D. amazing
2. A. need B. favor C. memory D. celebration
3. A. existence B. sight C. height D. wonder
4. A. air B. heaven C. water D. ground
5. A. sign up for B. adapt to C. hold on to D. catch up with
6. A. grow B. rise C. melt D. appear
7. A. branches B. seeds C. roots D. leaves
8. A. share B. draw C. learn D. judge
9. A. tradition B. holidays C. victory D. life
10. A. taken B. handed C. reminded D. convinced
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者失去母亲而情绪低落，叔叔建议种植山茱萸来纪念她，接着作者开始了种植的历程，仿佛母亲依旧在自己的花园里。
【1题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：二月的一个寒冷的日子，我母亲去世的时候我在俄亥俄州，一切都是无色的。A. cold冷的；B. colorless无色的；C. false错误的；D. amazing令人吃惊的。因为作者母亲去世了，作者的心情肯定很不好，根据语境，推知她看什么都是无色的，表明作者意志消沉；故选B项。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我陷入悲伤的几个星期后，我叔叔建议种一棵树来纪念她。A. need需要；B. favor帮忙；C. memory纪念；D. celebration庆祝。根据文章第三段“Planting a living thing to honor her hard life that ended too soon soothed (抚慰) my heart. This tree would be a symbol of her, something I could ____5____ despite all I’d lost.”可知作者说种植一个活的东西来纪念母亲的艰难的生活，这么快结束苦难生活让作者的心感到抚慰，这个树是作者母亲的象征，由此可知，作者种植这棵树是为了纪念其母亲的；in memory of 是固定短语，译为“为了纪念……”符合题意；故选C项。
【3题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们开车沿着附近的一条街道行驶，街道两旁种满了盛开的山茱萸树，从那以后，一看到山茱萸就让他想起了我的妈妈。A. existence存在；B. sight看见；C. height高；D. wonder惊奇。作者叔叔来拜访过作者父母，他们开车沿着附近的一条街道行驶，街道两旁种满了盛开的山茱萸树，即他来作者家的途中，看到了两边全是盛开的山茱萸树，又提到了这让他想起作者的母亲，推知是从那以后，一看到眼前的山茱萸树就会让他想起作者母亲；the sight of是固定短语，译为“一看到……”，符合题意；故选B项。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它落在地上，就像五年后她的骨灰落在Rocky山脉的岩石土壤上一样。A. air空气；B. heaven天堂；C. water水；D. ground地面。分析本句“It lay in the ____4____ much like her ashes would settle on the rocky soil of the Rocky Mountains five years later.”可知提到了像作者母亲的骨灰落在Rocky山脉的岩石土壤上一样，故推知是将山茱萸落在地上比作像作者母亲的骨灰落在Rocky山脉的岩石土壤上一样，都有回归大地土壤的意思；故选D项。
【5题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这棵树将是她的象征，即使我失去了一切，我也能紧紧抓住它。A. sign up for登记报名；B. adapt to适应；C. hold on to紧紧抓住；D. catch up with赶上。由文章第一段中“I was in Ohio when my mother died on a cold day in February, and everything was ____1____.”可知作者母亲去世了，作者觉得一切都黯然失色，就像自己失去一切一样，此刻表明作者黑暗的心情，故推知本处“This tree would be a symbol of her, something I could ____5____ despite all I’d lost.”表述的是这棵树是作者母亲的象征，即使作者失去一切，也能睹物思人，即能紧紧抓住这棵树，从这棵树上获得安慰；故选C项。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我母亲能使任何东西生长。A. grow生长；B. rise提高；C. melt溶解；D. appear消失。由下句“She had not just green thumbs but green hands and a nature that could raise anything.”可知提到作者母亲不仅有绿色的拇指，而且有绿色的手，她天生什么都能养，即她擅长种植，什么都能饲养，故推知本处表示她能使任何东西生长；故选A项。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它的根扎进坚硬的土壤里；每年六月，它白色的花朵就像星星一样绽放。A. branches枝条；B. seeds种子；C. roots根；D. leaves叶子。由本句中“pushed into the hard soil”可知提到伸进坚硬的土壤中，由常识可知，一般是植物的根扎进土壤中；故选C项。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多大自然都知道的经验，我的母亲一定知道，但没有时间分享，我把它们应用到自己的生活中。A. share分享；B. draw画；C. learn学习；D. judge评价。由本段上文“And I grew, too, learning how to tend to them.”可知提到作者长大了，学会怎样照料它们，可知作者是自己学习的，并不是母亲教的，推知本处表示的是很多种植经验母亲都知道，但是没有时间跟作者分享；故选A项。
【9题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我心里有一部分相信这是我母亲在她去世后给我的礼物——鼓励和赞美生命的能力，在啥也没有的地方，让花朵从泥土中显现出来。A. tradition传承；B. holidays假期；C. victory胜利；D. life生命。由本句中“to make flowers appear out of the dirt.”可知提到让花朵从泥土中显现出来，即花从泥土中长出来，这是新生命的出现，故推知本处“the ability to encourage and celebrate ____9____”表述的是鼓励和赞美生命的能力；故选D项。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是她的提醒，无论我收到什么，都要发现它的优点，并向我承诺，无论她在哪里，它都是美丽的。A. taken拿；B. handed给；C. reminded提醒；D. convinced使确信。由前文“A part of me believes this is my mother’s gift she gave to me after she passed away—the ability to encourage and celebrate ____9____ where there was none, to make flowers appear out of the dirt.”可知作者相信这是母亲给的礼物——鼓励和赞美生命的能力，让什么都没有的地方，使得花朵从泥土中生长，故推知本处“whatever I’m ____10____”表述的是作者无论被给与任何东西，都会发现它的优点或其中的美；故选B项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
To solve the problem of hunger between the two main meals of the day, the Duchess came up with an idea. She invited some of her friends ____11____ (join) her for an afternoon meal. The meal ____12____ (hold) between four and five o’clock. It included cakes and ____13____ (sandwich). Tea was served ____14____ (wash) down the food.
【答案】11. to join
12. was held
13. sandwiches
14. to wash
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了下午茶的由来。
【11题详解】
考查不定式。句意：她邀请她的一些朋友和她一起在下午吃顿饭。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处考查短语invite sb. to do sth.，表示“邀请某人做某事”，设空处故填不定式作宾补，故填to join。
【12题详解】
考查时态及语态。句意：这顿饭在四点到五点之间举行。根据句意可知，本文描述过去发生的事，时态用一般过去时。根据句子结构可知，主语The meal与hold是动宾关系，故用被动语态。结合时态，故用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。主语The meal是单数，故填was held。
【13题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：包含蛋糕和三明治。根据句意及句子结构可知，and是并列连词，故设空处与cakes保持一致，故填可数名词复数，故填sandwiches。
14题详解】
考查不定式。句意：茶被端上来，用来咽食物。根据句意和句子结构可知，此处用不定式表目的。故填to wash。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Zhang Tian’s first year is almost over. What made him feel ____15____ (satisfy) was that his students achieved great progress in English learning. Besides teaching, he also brought great changes to the village, ____16____ included rebuilding the playground and setting up the library. The village is like his second home now. ____17____ he had only intended to stay for one year, he now feels ready to stay for another year.
【答案】15. satisfied
16. which 17. Although##Though##While
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了张天在乡村支教的事情。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。句意：令他感到满意是，他的学生在英语学习上取得了很大的进步。分析句子结构可知，空处需用形容词作系动词feel的表语，修饰人，所以此处需用-ed形容词satisfied。故填satisfied。
【16题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：除了教学，他还给村子带来了巨大的变化，包括重建操场和建立图书馆。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是changes，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。
【17题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然他原本只打算待一年，但现在他觉得准备再待一年。结合空前后句意可知，空处需用although/though/while (虽然，尽管)，引导让步状语从句，句首单词首字母需大写。故填Although/Though/While。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
This is a public service announcement. Audiences are reminded to turn off the phones or put them on silence. Please do not cheer or talk loudly during the time ____18____ the ball is in play or if a player is serving. Wait for the point or game to end before ____19____ (stand) up or leaving your seat. When taking photos during the match, please turn off your flash. Please do not throw ____20____ onto the court.
【答案】18. when
19. standing
20. anything
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章是一段关于看比赛的注意事项的通知。
【18题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：在比赛中或球员发球时，请不要大声欢呼或说话。引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”应用when。故填when。
【19题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：等比赛结束后再站起来或离开座位。根据后文or leaving your seat可知应填动名词，作宾语。故填standing。
【20题详解】
考查不定代词。句意：请不要往球场上扔任何东西。作宾语，表示“任何东西”应用不定代词anything。故填anything。
第二部分 阅读理解(共三节，44分)
第一节(共13小题;每小题2分，共26分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Have you ever been really hungry, but there wasn’t much to eat in your kitchen? Did you throw together a bunch of stuff you had on hand and were pleasantly surprised when it tasted good? You aren’t alone. Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake.
POTATO CHIPS
One of the world’s favorite snacks is the result of a complaint. In 1853, a man was eating dinner at Moon’s Lake House in Saratoga Springs, New York. He ordered fried potatoes, a popular side dish. But when they came out of the kitchen, he didn’t think they were crispy enough. He sent them back to the kitchen, where Chef George Crum was so angry at having his cooking criticized that he sliced the potatoes really thin, put lots of salt on them, and fried them. Not only did the diner love them, but everyone else did, too. They soon became a specialty of the restaurant.
TOFU
Tofu, or beancurd, is made by curdling (使凝结) fresh soya milk, pressing it into a solid block, and then cooling it. Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. This is the same process that is used for making cheese. Like cheese, tofu is a great example of how really messing up a recipe can create something unexpectedly good.
CHEESE PUFFS
Did you ever wonder who thought up cheese puffs? The company that invented them wasn’t even trying to make food for people. It was trying to make animal feed. In the 1930s, the Flakall Company of Wisconsin made animal food from small, flaked pieces of grain. One day, an employee, Edward Wilson, watched workers pouring cornmeal (谷粉) into the flaking machine, wetting it to keep it from clogging (堵塞). Because the machine was very hot, the wet cornmeal came out of it in puffy ribbons that hardened when they hit the air, Wilson took some of the ribbons home, added oil and flavoring to them, and voila! Cheese puffs!
21. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. The company that invented cheese got its inspiration from Tofu.
B. Chef George Crum didn’t like to criticize others’ cooking.
C Hot wet cornmeal turned soft when it hit the air.
D. Tofu dates back to 2000 years ago in China.
22. What do the three foods have in common?
A. They were not created on purpose.
B. They are the results of complaints.
C. They weren’t originally made for people.
D. They are all popular throughout the world.
23. What’s the purpose of the text?
A. To inform readers of some foods. B. To recommend some nutritious foods.
C. To introduce the origins of some foods. D. To compare the features of some foods.
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了三种食物的起源，它们都是被偶然创造出来的。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Tofu was accidentally invented in China 2,000 years ago, when a cook added seaweed to soya milk, which made it curdle. (豆腐是2000年前偶然在中国发明的，当时一位厨师在豆浆中加入海藻，使豆浆凝结)”可知，豆腐可以追溯到2000年前的中国；故选D项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Some of our favorite foods were created by accident. Here’s a sample menu of some familiar foods that never would have happened if someone hadn’t created them by mistake. (我们最喜欢的一些食物是偶然创造出来的。以下是一些常见食物的菜单样本，如果不是有人错误地创造了它们，这些食物就不会出现。)”可知，文章中所讲述的三种食物都是被偶然创造出来的，即不是有目标地被创造出来；故选A项。
【23题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了三种食物的历史起源，而且它们都是被偶然创造出来的，故选项C“To introduce the origins of some foods (介绍一些食物的起源)”适合作为本文标题；故选C项。
B
The day will come when renewable energy such as wind, solar, geothermal and others replace fossil fuels as the major source of world energy. However, most analysts insist that this day will not arrive for many decades to come — certainly well past the middle of the century. Systems of fossil fuels have already been firmly set up, and it is too costly or impractical to replace the existing systems with renewables. But there are good reasons to believe that the transition (转变) to renewables will come much faster than previously thought.
It is hardly surprising that many experts say we will see a relatively slow transition from fossil fuels to renewables, given what is known about previous energy changes of this sort. “Energy transitions take a long time,” observed Vaclav Smil of the University of Manitoba. It took more than 50 years for coal to replace wood as the world’s leading source of energy and another 50 years for oil to replace coal; the change from fossil fuels to renewables, he argued, is not likely to come any faster.
Under ordinary circumstances, Smil’s forecast would no doubt prove accurate. But these are not ordinary times. Growing concern over climate change is leading to increasingly strict controls on CO2 and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (排放), while the development in renewables technology is lowering their price and speeding their installation (安装).
There are, of course, many difficulties in the effective control of carbon emissions, as demonstrated by coal companies to block the introduction of new rules by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Nevertheless, it is impossible to take no notice of the progress being made at the local and international levels to promote the use of renewables. The European Union (E.U.), for example, is well on the way to achieving a 20% reduction in GHG emissions from 1990 levels by 2025, along with a 20%increase in the use of renewable energy.
The transition to renewables will be faster due to dramatic US improvements in the pricing and performance of such systems. As a result of the steady increases in the efficiency of wind and solar systems, together with the savings achieved through large- scale manufacture, the price of renewables is falling globally. With prices dropping this fast, solar energy is now proving competitive with fossil fuels for generating electricity in many areas.
The change from fossil fuels to renewable energy will not come overnight, and it will not escape many setbacks. Nevertheless, renewables are likely to replace fossil fuels as the main source of electrical power well before mid-century.
24. Vaclav Smil believes that ________.
A. renewable energies are not very practical
B. the change to renewables will come slowly
C. systems of fossil fuels have been firmly set up
D. there are many setbacks of renewable energies
25. We can learn from the passage that European Union ________.
A. has cut down half of the carbon emissions
B. has failed to find a way to reduce GHG emissions
C. is trying its best to encourage the use of renewables
D. tries to stop the introduction of new rules on renewables
26. The renewables are more competitive because of ________.
A. their falling prices B. the decline in the coal industry
C. international trade D. the new rules on CO2 emission
27. According to the passage, ________.
A. Smil’s forecast has proved to be inaccurate in all situations
B. Renewable energy serves as a major source of energy in today’s world
C. Companies supported the rules made by US Environmental Protection Agency
D. There has been a steady improvement in the efficiency of wind and solar systems
28. The author writes this passage in order to ________.
A. call on people to use fewer fossil fuels
B. give advice on how to promote renewables
C. argue that the energy transition will come sooner
D. prove that renewables will be the major source of energy
【答案】24 B 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了风能、太阳能、地热能等可再生能源将取代化石燃料，成为世界能源的主要来源。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It is hardly surprising that many experts say we will see a relatively slow transition from fossil fuels to renewables, given what is known about previous energy changes of this sort. Energy transitions take a long time.(许多专家说，我们将看到从化石燃料到可再生能源的相对缓慢的过渡，这一点并不令人惊讶，因为我们对以前的这类能源变化已经有所了解。“能源转换需要很长时间。)”可知，斯米尔认为可再生能源的变化将缓慢地到来。故选B项。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Nevertheless, it is impossible to dismiss the progress being made at the local and international levels to promote the use of renewables. The European Union(E.U), for example, is well on the way to achieving a 20% reduction in GHG emissions from 1990 levels by 2020.(然而，地方和国际在促进使用可再生能源方面所取得的进展是不可能忽略的，例如，欧洲联盟正在朝着到2020年将温室气体排放量从1990年的水平减少20%的方向前进。)”可知，我们可以从欧盟中了解到，它正在尽力鼓励使用可再生能源可再生能源。故选C项。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段“As a result of the steady increases in the efficiency of wind and solar systems, together with the savings achieved through large-scale manufacture, the price of renewables is falling globally. With prices dropping this fast, solar energy is now proving competitive with fossil fuels for generating electricity in many areas.(由于风能和太阳能系统的效率不断提高，加上通过大规模生产而节省下来的成本，可再生能源的价格在全球范围内正在下降，随着价格的快速下降，太阳能在许多领域与化石燃料的发电竞争日益激烈。)”可知可再生能源更具有竞争力，因为他们的价格下跌。故选A项。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Under ordinary circumstances, Smil’s forecast would no doubt prove accurate.(在一般情况下，斯米尔的预测无疑是准确的。)”可知，斯米尔的预测是准确的，故排除A项；根据文章最后一段“Nevertheless, renewables are likely to replace fossil fuels as the main source of electrical power well before mid-century. (然而，可再生能源很可能在本世纪中叶之前取代化石燃料成为主要电力来源。)”可知，当今世界的主要来源是化石燃料，故排除B项；根据文章第四段“There are, of course, many difficulties in the effective control of carbon emissions, as demonstrated by coal companies to block the introduction of new rules by the US Environmental Protection Agency.(当然，有效控制碳排放存在许多困难，正如煤炭公司阻止美国环境保护署出台新规则所显示的那样。)”可知，煤炭公司不支持美国环境署制定的规则，故排除C项；根据文章倒数第二段“As a result of the steady increases in the efficiency of wind and solar systems (由于风能和太阳能系统的效率不断提高。)”可知，风能和太阳能的效率稳步提升。故选D项。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Nevertheless, renewables are likely to replace fossil fuels as the main source of electrical power well before mid-century.(然而，在本世纪中叶，可再生能源很可能取代化石燃料作为电力的主要来源。)”可知作者认为能量转换会很快到来。故选C项。
C
As the latest crop of students fill in their undergraduate application form and weigh up their options, it may be worth considering just how the point, purpose, and value of a degree have changed and what Generation Z (people born between 1997 and 2012) need to consider as hey start the third stage of their educational journey.
Millennials (people born between 1981 and 1996) were told that if they did well in school, and got a decent degree, they would be set up for life. But it seems that this promise hasn’t been fulfilled. As degrees became universal, they became devalued. Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility (流动性). Today, 28% of graduates (大学毕业生) in the UK are in non-graduate roles, a percentage that is double the average among OECD (经济合作与发展组织) countries.
This is not to say that there is no point in getting a degree, but rather stress that a degree is not for everyone, that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that other options are available.
Thankfully, there are signs that this is already happening, with Generation Z seeking to learn from their millennial predecessors, even if parents and teachers tend to be still set in the degree mindset. Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduates. Many too are seeing the advantages of removing a degree requirement for certain roles.
For those for whom a degree is the desired route, consider that this may well be the first of many. In this age of generalists, it pays to have specific knowledge or skills. Post graduates now earn 40% more than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree, it makes sense to have two.
It is unlikely that Generation Z will be done with education at 18 or 21. They will need to be constantly upskilling throughout their career to stay employable. It has been estimated that this generation, due to the pressures of technology, the wish for personal fulfillment, and the desire for diversity will work for 17 different employers over the course of their working life and have five different careers. Education, and not just knowledge gained on campus, will be a core part of Generation Z’s career path.
Older generations often talk about their degree in the present and personal tense: “I am a geographer” or “I am a pianist”. Their sons or daughters would never say such a thing; it’s as if they already know that their degree won’t define them in the same way.
29. The author suggests that Generation Z should ________.
A. be careful in choosing a college
B. be diligent at each educational stage
C. reevaluate the necessity of college education
D. postpone their undergraduate application
30. The percentage of UK graduates in non-graduate roles reflect ________.
A. Millennials’ opinions about work
B. the decreasing value of a degree
C. public dissatisfaction with education
D. the desired route of social mobility
31. The author considers it a good sign that ________.
A. generation Z are seeking to earn a decent degree
B. school leavers are willing to be skilled workers
C. employers are taking a realistic attitude to degrees
D. parents are changing their minds about education
32. It is advised in Paragraph 5 that those with one degree should ________.
A. make an early decision on their career
B. attend on-the-job training programs
C. team up with highly-paid postgraduates
D. further their studies in a specific field
33. What can be concluded about Generation Z from the last two paragraphs?
A. They will become qualified educators.
B. Degrees will no longer appeal to them.
C They will have a limited choice of career paths.
D. Lifelong learning will be a crucial part of their life.
【答案】29. C 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Z一代认为学位并不适合每个人，从教室到演讲厅的转换并不是必然的，还有其他的选择。他们将需要在整个职业生涯中不断提高技能，以保持受雇的资格。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“As the latest crop of students fill in their undergraduate application form and weigh up their options, it may be worth considering just how the point, purpose, and value of a degree have changed and what Generation Z (people born between 1997 and 2012) need to consider as hey start the third stage of their educational journey.”（随着最新一批学生填写他们的本科申请表并权衡他们的选择，可能值得考虑一下学位的重点、目的和价值已经发生了怎样的变化，以及 Z 一代(出生于1997年至2012年之间的人)在开始他们教育旅程的第三阶段时需要考虑什么。）可知，对于Z一代人而言，在申请大学时，他们要考虑大学教育的重要性、大学教育的目的及学位对于他们的意义，即他们要考虑大学教育的必要性。故选C。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But that promise has been found wanting. As degrees became universal, they became devalued. Education was no longer a secure route of social mobility. Today, 28 percent of graduates in the UK are in non-graduate roles, a percentage which is double the average among OECD countries.(但人们发现这一承诺并不理想。随着等级变得普遍，它们就贬值了。教育不再是社会流动的安全途径。如今，英国有28%的大学毕业生从事非大学毕业生的工作，这一比例是经合组织(OECD)国家平均水平的两倍)”和文章第三段“This is not to say that there is no point in getting a degree, but rather stress that a degree is not for everyone, that the switch from classroom to lecture hall is not an inevitable one and that other options are available.(这并不是说获得学位没有意义，而是强调学位并不适合每个人，从教室到演讲厅的转换并不是必然的，还有其他的选择)”可知，英国毕业生担任非毕业生职位的比例，反映出学位价值的缩水。故选B。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Employers have long seen the advantages of hiring school leavers who often prove themselves to be more committed and loyal employees than graduates. Many too are seeing the advantages of scrapping a degree requirement for certain roles.(长期以来，雇主们都看到了雇佣没毕业的学生的好处，因为他们往往证明自己比大学毕业生更忠诚。许多人也看到了对某些职位取消学位要求的好处)”可知，作者认为，这是一个好迹象，雇主正在采取现实的态度对待学位。故选C。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“In this age of generalists, it pays to have specific knowledge or skills. Post graduates now earn 40% more than graduates. When more and more of us have a degree, it makes sense to have two.”（在这个多才多艺者的时代，拥有特定的知识或技能是值得的。研究生现在比毕业生多挣40% 。当越来越多的人拥有一个学位时，拥有两个学位是有意义的。）可知，对于拥有一个学位的人而言，拥有两个学位，在这个多才多艺者的时代，可以让你拥有特定的知识或技能，这是值得的。故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“It is unlikely that Generation Z will be done with education at 18 or 21; they will need to be constantly up-skilling throughout their career to stay employable.( Z一代不太可能在18或21岁完成教育；他们将需要在整个职业生涯中不断提高技能，以保持受雇的资格)”和“Education, and not just knowledge gained on campus, will be a core part of Generation Z’s career trajectory.(教育，而不仅仅是在校园里获得的知识，将成为Z一代职业轨迹的核心部分)”可推知，从最后两段可以得出关于Z一代的结论是终生学习将决定他们是什么。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。
People have pondered (思考) for centuries about a future without work. ____34____ Some imagine that the coming work—free world will be defined by inequality. A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in a poor wasteland.
A different and not mutually exclusive prediction holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one characterized by purposelessness: ____35____ Indeed, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll (调查) found that 20% of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for working Americans. Also, some research suggests that the explanation for rising rates of mortality, mental—health problems, and addiction among poorly—educated, middle—aged people is a shortage of well—paid jobs. ____36____ Perhaps this is why many worry about the painful dullness of a jobless future
____37____ Such visions are based on the downsides of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the absence of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could yield strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the virtue of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland. “Global surveys find that the vast majority of people are unhappy at work.”
These days, because leisure time is relatively scarce for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional demands of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel tired,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different.” ____38____
A. The difference might be so big that he would throw himself into a hobby with the intensity usually reserved for professional matters.
B. Today is no different, with scholars, writers, and activists once again warning that technology is replacing human workers.
C. But it doesn’t necessarily follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease.
D. Having a job can provide a sense of financial stability.
E. Without jobs to give their lives meaning, people will simply become lazy and depressed.
F. Another study shows that people are often happier at work than in their free time.
G. However, some researchers insist that adding an amount of additional play into people’s lives would be a good thing.
【答案】34. B 35. E 36. D 37. C 38. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论了没有工作的世界并不是最坏的结果。
【34题详解】
上文“People have pondered for centuries about a future without work.”(几个世纪以来，人们一直在思考一个没有工作的未来。)引出话题，没有工作的情况。下文“Some imagine that the coming work—free world will be defined by inequality. A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in a poor wasteland.”(有人设想，未来的无工作世界将由不平等来定义。少数富人将拥有所有的资本，而大众将在贫瘠的荒地上挣扎。)说明未来没有工作的情况。结合选项B项Today is no different, with scholars, writers, and activists once again warning that technology is replacing human workers. (今天也不例外，学者、作家和活动人士再次警告说，技术正在取代人类工人。)讲的是当下无工作的情况。和下文一起构成两种不同时间的假设，上下文语意连贯。故选B项。
【35题详解】
下文“Indeed, today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll (调查) found that 20% of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for working Americans.”(的确，今天的失业者似乎过得并不愉快。一项盖洛普民意调查发现，失业至少一年的美国人中有20%患有抑郁症，这一比例是在职美国人的两倍。)可知，主要讲的是失业后带来的负面影响。结合选项E项Without jobs to give their lives meaning, people will simply become lazy and depressed. (没有工作给他们的生活带来意义，人们只会变得懒惰和抑郁。)和下文意思一致，上下文语意连贯。故选E项。
【36题详解】
上文“Also, some research suggests that the explanation for rising rates of mortality, mental—health problems, and addiction among poorly—educated, middle—aged people is a shortage of well—paid jobs.”(此外，一些研究表明，在受教育程度较低的中年人中，死亡率、心理健康问题和成瘾率上升的原因是缺乏高薪工作。)提到缺乏高薪工作。下文“Perhaps this is why many worry about the painful dullness of a jobless future.”(也许这就是为什么许多人担心未来失业会带来痛苦的沉闷。)说明担心失业。故可推断空格处内容为有一份工作可以让自己感到财产稳定感。结合选项D项Having a job can provide a sense of financial stability. (有一份工作可以提供一种财务稳定的感觉。)符合此推断，是对上下文的承上启下。故选D项。
【37题详解】
根据下文“Such visions are based on the downsides of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the absence of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could yield strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure.”(这样的设想是基于在一个以就业概念为基础的社会中失业的负面影响。在没有工作的情况下，一个以其他目的为设计目的的社会可能会给未来的劳动和休闲带来截然不同的环境。)可知，主要讲的是没有工作对于其他目的为前提的不同效果。结合选项C项But it doesn’t necessarily follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. (但这并不是说，没有工作的世界就会充满不安。)为对下文内容的总结，上下文语意连贯。故选C项。
【38题详解】
根据上文“These days, because leisure time is relatively scarce for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional demands of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s work, I often feel tired,” Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I don’t have to work, I might feel rather different.””(如今，由于休闲时间对大多数工作者来说相对稀缺，人们利用空闲时间来平衡工作对智力和情感的要求。丹纳赫说：“当我辛苦工作一天回到家时，我经常感到很累。在一个我不用工作的世界里，我的感觉可能会很不一样。”)讲的是不工作后自己的心态，故可推断，空格处内容为不工作后和工作时的心态的反差和区别。结合选项A项The difference might be so big that he would throw himself into a hobby with the intensity usually reserved for professional matters. (这种差异可能太大了，以至于他会像从事专业工作那样，全身心地投入到一项爱好中去。)符合该推断，上下文语意连贯。故选A项。
第三节(共4小题，共8分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Autumntime
① I saw my first tree today. Dad finally broke down and took us to East Boston Urban Center after Mom had been harping on it for the past two weeks. I think he was glad we went after all because he was smiling quietly all during the trip back.
② Dad used to tell me stories about the trees that still existed when he was a boy. There weren’t very many even then, with the urbanization program in full swing, but most people had seen at least one tree by the time they started school. It wasn’t like nowadays, at any rate. Oh, I’ve seen the plastic trees; practically every street has a few of them. But you can tell the plastic ones are artificial just from looking at pictures in the microdot library.
③ This morning when we got up, the house was all excited. Mom dialed a light breakfast of toast and synthetic milk so that we wouldn’t waste time eating. And when finished, the three of us took an elevator bus up to the fourth level, where we caught the air track to Brooklyn. From there we took another elevator bus down to the main level, rode the monorail to Intercity Subway Station 27, and caught the second sublevel AA train to Boston. Our expectations were so high that Dad and I didn’t mind it when Mom told us again how the tree was discovered.
④ The O’Brien home was one of the few examples of old—style wooden structures that hadn’t been pulled down in Boston’s urban—renewal campaign at the turn of the century. The family had been able to avoid this because of its wealth and political influence, and the house was passed on through several generations to the present. Old man O’Brien had no heirs, so when he died, the family home went up for auction (拍卖), and the Urban Center bought it. When local officials arrived for an appraisal, they discovered that the house had a backyard, which is forbidden by zoning restrictions.
⑤ In the yard was a live tree—an oke was what Mom called it. When the news of the tree’s discovery leaked out, quite a few sightseers stopped by to have a look at it, and the local government, realizing the money—making potential, began charging admission fees and advertising the place. By now it had become a favorite spot for school field trips and family excursions such as ours.
⑥ When we arrived in main Boston we rode the elevator bus up to ground level and caught a monorail out to East Boston Urban Center. An air—cush taxi took us the rest of the way to the place.
⑦ The home itself was unimpressive. It had none of the marble gloss or steely sheen of modern buildings, but was rather a dull white color, with the paint peeling in places. Dad paid the admission fee, and we spent the next 15 minutes on a dull guided tour of the house. ‘The rooms were roped off to keep people from touching anything, but there were no windows facing the illegal backyard anyway, so it really didn’t matter that I couldn’t enter the rooms on that side.
⑧ My mind was on the tree, and I thought the inside tour would never end, but soon we were walking through a doorway hidden in one of the bookshelves and into the backyard. The yard was big—at least 10 by 20 feet, and I was surprised to find real grass growing on the sides of the concrete walkway built for tourists. The grass didn’t distract me for long, however, because I just couldn’t help noticing the tree!
⑨ It was located at one end of the yard, and there was a mesh fence around it for protection. It was similar in form to the plastic trees I’d seen, but there was much more to it than that. You could see details more intricate than in any artificial plant. And it was alive. Long ago someone had carved their initials in the bark, and you could see where the wound had healed. But best of all was the smell. It was a fresh, living odor, alien to the antiseptic world outside with all its metal, plastic, and glass. I wanted to touch the bark, but the fence prevented me from doing so. Mom and Dad just breathed deeply and stared up with smiles on their faces. The three of us stood there for a moment, and then the tour guide told us to make room for the next group. I didn’t want to go—in fact, I felt almost like crying.
⑩ On the way back home, Mom and Dad were silent, and I read through one of the brochures the guide had passed out. When I came to the part that said the O’Brien home would be open only for the rest of this year, I was sad. They intend to tear down the place to make room for some kind of insurance building, and the tree will have to go, too. For the rest of the trip, I just sat still, fingering the object in my pocket that I had picked off the grass in the O’Brien’s backyard. I think it’s called an acorn (橡子).
39. According to the passage, the O’Brien home was not destroyed at the turn of the century because ________.
A. a secret passageway was found in the library
B. the family had wealth and political influence
C. a tree was found in the backyard of the home
D. the home had historical and architectural value
40. Why does the tree become a tourist attraction?
A. It is the oldest known tree in the city.
B. It belonged to a family with privileges.
C. “Oke” trees are an especially rare species.
D. There are very few real trees remaining.
41. What does Paragraph 9 reveal about the narrator’s attitude towards nature?
A. The narrator is excited by nature, but not deeply affected by it.
B. The narrator is impressed with the beauty of nature.
C. The narrator prefers the world of steel to the world of nature.
D. The narrator is unaccustomed to nature and tries to keep a distance.
42. Which statement would the narrator most likely agree with?
A. Technological progress and urbanization come at a cost.
B. Economic profits overweigh environmental protection.
C. There is no point in preserving nature in the urbanization process.
D. Nature is resilient and there’s no need to worry about it.
【答案】39. B 40. D 41. B 42. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在城市化全面推进的社会里终于见到了第一棵真树，这棵树种在O’Brien家后院，但是因为要为一些保险大楼腾出空间，明年这棵树也要被砍掉，这使作者很沮丧。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The O’Brien home was one of the few examples of old—style wooden structures that hadn’t been pulled down in Boston’s urban—renewal campaign at the turn of the century. The family had been able to avoid this because of its wealth and political influence.(奥布莱恩的家是波士顿在世纪之交的城市重建运动中为数不多的没有被拆除的老式木结构建筑之一。由于其财富和政治影响力，这个家族得以避免这种情况。)”可知，奥布莱恩的家没有被拆的主要原因是他们的财富和政治影响力。故选B项。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“There weren’t very many even then, with the urbanization program in full swing, but most people had seen at least one tree by the time they started school. It wasn’t like nowadays, at any rate.(即使在当时，随着城市化计划的全面展开，这种树也不多，但大多数人在上学前至少见过一棵树。无论如何，那不像现在。)”和第五段“In the yard was a live tree—an oke was what Mom called it. When the news of the tree’s discovery leaked out, quite a few sightseers stopped by to have a look at it, and the local government, realizing the money—making potential, began charging admission fees and advertising the place. (院子里有一棵活树，妈妈叫它oke。当这棵树被发现的消息泄露出去时，不少观光客都停下来看一看，当地政府意识到赚钱的潜力，开始收取入场费并为这个地方做广告)”可知，随着城市化，城市里真正的树越来越少了，所以这棵老橡树才会成为旅游景点。故选D项。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第九段“But best of all was the smell. It was a fresh, living odor, alien to the antiseptic world outside with all its metal, plastic, and glass.(但最棒的还是它的味道。这是一种新鲜鲜活的气味，与外面充斥着金属、塑料和玻璃的消毒世界截然不同。)”和“The three of us stood there for a moment, and then the tour guide told us to make room for the next group. I didn’t want to go—in fact, I felt almost like crying.(我们三个人在那里站了一会儿，然后导游告诉我们给下一个旅游团让出地方来。我不想走——事实上，我几乎想哭。)”可知，作者很喜欢这棵树的味道，并且舍不得离开这棵树。所以可以推测出，作者深深地被美丽的自然打动了。故选B项。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Dad used to tell me stories about the trees that still existed when he was a boy. There weren’t very many even then, with the urbanization program in full swing. (爸爸常给我讲他小时候还存在的那些树的故事。即使在当时，随着城市化进程的全面推进，这种树也不多。)”和第十段中“When I came to the part that said the O’Brien home would be open only for the rest of this year, I was sad. They intend to tear down the place to make room for some kind of insurance building, and the tree will have to go, too. (当我说到奥布莱恩之家只在今年剩下的时间里开放时，我很难过。他们打算拆掉这个地方，为某种保险建筑腾出空间，而这棵树也必须被砍除。)”以及其它段落的描述，可知，本文讲述了作者在城市化全面推进的社会里终于见到了第一棵真树，这棵树种在奥布莱恩家后院，但是因为要为一些保险大楼腾出空间，明年这棵树也要被砍掉，这使作者很沮丧。因此选项A“技术进步和城市化是有代价的。”符合题意。故选A项。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，26分)
第一节(共6分)
Describe one characteristic of Juli or Bryce in the novel Flipped, and use one or two examples from the novel to support your point. (In about 40 words)
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(共20分)
43. 假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim来信，询问你如何在繁忙的学习中，保持良好的身体和精神状态（keep fit both physically and mentally）。请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1. 你的建议及理由；
2. 表示祝愿。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
Knowing that you have trouble keeping fit both physically and mentally in your life, I am writing to give you some advice.
As a high school student, none of us is having an easy time, but we still can do something to get through high school successfully. The most important thing is to take care of your body and your mind. Whenever you feel tired or depressed, spare some time to do some exercise with your family and friends. What’s more, making a schedule for your study and personal life is essential to our physical and mental health.
Anyway, don’t push yourself too hard and I’m looking forward to hearing from you again!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim回复一封电子邮件，帮助Jim在繁忙的学习中保持良好的身体和精神状态，向他给出意见，并表达自己的祝愿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
做某事有困难：have trouble (in) doing sth.→ have difficulty (in) doing sth.
重要的：important→ crucial/essential/significant
照顾：take care of → look after
另外：What’s more → In addition
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：The most important thing is to take care of your body and your mind.
拓展句：The most important thing is that you should take care of your body and your mind.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Knowing that you have trouble keeping fit both physically and mentally in your life, I am writing to give you some advice. (运用了现在分词结构做状语和that引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】Whenever you feel tired or depressed, spare some time to do some exercise with your family and friends. (运用了Whenever引导的时间状语从句)
【高分句型3】What’s more, making a schedule for your study and personal life is essential to our physical and mental health. (运用了动名词结构做主语)
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