2023-2024学年北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属中学高一上学期10月期中英语试题含答案

这是一份2023-2024学年北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属中学高一上学期10月期中英语试题含答案，文件包含精品解析北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一上学期10月期中英语试题原卷版docx、精品解析北京市海淀区首都师范大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一上学期10月期中英语试题解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共47页， 欢迎下载使用。

第一部分：听力理解(共三节，18分)
第一节(共4小题;每小题1分，共4分)
听下面4段对话。每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。
1. What is the man’s attitude twards the plan?
A. He desn’t care. B. He thinks it’s reasnable. C. He is against it.
2. When did The Lin King becme a prize winner?
A. In the mid 1990s B. In the early 1990s C. In the late 1990s
3. What des the man want the guy in apartment 4B d?
A. Turn ff the music after 10:00 p. m.
B. Turn dwn the music vlume.
C. Keep quiet after midnight.
4. What des the wman mean?
A. Cathy will be at the party.
B. Cathy is t busy t cme.
C. Cathy isn’t ging t be invited.
第二节(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有几道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读每小题。听完后，每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话你将听两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第5至6小题。
5. What d the tw speakers intend t d first?
A. G t a play B. G t an exhibitin C. G t a mvie
6. Why desn’t Fred want t g t the cncert?
A. Because the tickets are hard t get.
B. Because he isn’t int that kind f music.
C. Because there is a bad review.
听下面一段对话，回答第7至8题。
7. Why des the wman talk t the man?
A. Because she cannt find her necklace.
B. Because she isn’t satisfied with the service.
C. Because she wants t make a cmplaint.
8. What will the man d next?
A. Reprt t the manager
B. Reprt t the plice
C. Investigate the case
听下面一段对话，回答第9至10题。
9. What des the wman say abut the science bk?
A. It’s f little value. B. It’s in bad cnditin. C. It’s an ld editin.
10. Why is the wman unwilling t buy mre textbks?
A. Because she isn’t sure what textbks will be used.
B. Because she desn’t have enugh mney t buy mre.
C. Because she desn’t like bks marked with ntes.
听下面一段对话，回答第11至12题。
11. Hw ld is the wman?
A. 23 B. 27 C. 28
12. What will the tw speakers d tnight?
A. Have dinner tgether
B. G t a mvie tgether
C. G t the library tgether
听下面一段对话，回答第13至14题。
13. Which f the fllwing shws gd time management?
A. Including everything in the timetable.
B. Spending mre time n exercise.
C. Devting all the time t a particular activity.
14. What is the speaker mainly talking abut?
A. The ways t manage time
B. The benefits f time management
C. The difficulty f time management
第三节(共4小题;每小题1分，共4分)
听下面一段独白，完成第15至18四道小题，每小题仅填写一个词。听独白前，你将有20秒钟的时间阅读试题，听完后你将有60秒钟的作答时间。这段独白你将听两遍。将答案填写在答题纸相应的位置。
Reading tips
第二部分：知识运用(共两节，20分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One Bite at a Time
Stephen was n campus t register when I first met him.
One summer day when I was heading fr the administratin building, I heard smene call my name. I ____1____ arund and saw Philip, ne f my clleagues standing with anther yung man. As Philip intrduced me t the yung man, named Stephen, he reminded him that he wuld be taking ne f my classes, Intrductin t Literature. With a smewhat ____2____ expressin, Stephen asked if my class was ging t be “hard”. Wuld he be able t pass? I ____3____ he was cncerned abut failing befre the pening day f classes. We talked abut what the class wuld ____4____ and I saw Stephen’s eyes getting big with fear.
Then I remembered a bit f classical dialg:
Questin: “Hw d yu eat an elephant?”
Answer: “One bite at a time”
I tld him t ____5____ his wrk that way. T d his assignment, all f them, and t get them in n time. I added that mst successful students I knew made a timetable f all the assignment s they culd plan their wrklad.
As time went n, I learned mre f Stephen’s stry. He had ____6____ in middle schl. It had taken him lnger t finish than mst yung peple. Family members, including his mther, kept reminding him that he was a failure. Nw, in the face f their negative-saying he had been admitted int cllege. He tld me that befre cming t ur campus n ne had believed he had much ____7____.
Stephen didn’t becme an “A” student. He didn’t make any hnr rlls. Still, he managed t pass mst f his curses by being in class every day, turning in all f his assignment n time and breaking dwn his studying int ____8____ digestible parts. By passing curse after curse he began t gain a measure f self-respect. He was a great singer and he was n the schl’s crss-cuntry team.
Every time I saw him n campus, he wuld brighten up and say, “One bite at a time.” Whenever he intrduced me t his friends, he wuld tell them that he was ____9____ when he was suppsed t be failing. His secret, he said, was that he was ____10____ what I taught him befre classes ever started: “Take it ne bite at a time.”
1.
A. turnedB. satC. mvedD. went
2.
A. inncentB. angryC. inspiredD. pained
3.
A. sensedB. imaginedC. heardD. admitted
4.
A. changeB. adjustC. cverD. prduce
5.
A. avidB. cntinueC. presentD. apprach
6.
A. fittedB. hesitatedC. struggledD. prgressed
7.
A. experienceB. infrmatinC. ptentialD. hnr
8.
A. full-sizedB. bite-sizedC. pcket-sizedD. medium-sized
9.
A. changingB. recveringC. cncentratingD. succeeding
10.
A. spreadingB. cnsideringC. practicingD. expressing
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. C 8. B 9. D 10. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的“一次吃一口”的学习方法，使得一个刚入学、害怕自己课程不能合格的不自信的学生，最终取得了成功的故事。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我转过身，看见我的同事菲利普和另一个年轻人站在一起。A. turne (arund)转身；B. sat坐；C. mved (arund)走来走去；D. went (arund)四处走动。根据前文“One summer day when I was heading fr the administratin building, I heard smene call my name.”（一个夏天的一天，当我走向行政大楼时，我听到有人叫我的名字）和本句中“and saw Phillip”可知，作者听到有人叫他的名字，应该是转身过来后看到了叫他的人。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬带着有点痛苦的表情问我的课会不会“难”。A. inncent天真的；B. angry生气的；C. inspired能力卓越的；D. pained痛苦的。根据句中“Stephen asked if my class was ging t be “hard””和下一句“Wuld he be able t pass? ”（我能合格吗？）可知，斯蒂芬担心课程会很难，怕自己会挂科，因此表情是有点痛苦的。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感觉到他在担心开学前会不会挂科。A. sensed感觉到；B. imagined想象；C. heard听到；D. admitted承认。根据前文“With a smewhat 2 expressin, Stephen asked if my class was ging t be “hard”. Wuld he be able t pass?”（斯蒂芬带着有点痛苦的表情问我的课会不会“难”，我能合格吗？）可知，斯蒂芬是担心课程很难，自己会挂科，所以作者也从他的话语和痛苦的表情中感觉到了他在担心。故选A。
【4题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们讨论了课程内容，我看到斯蒂芬的眼睛因恐惧而睁大。A. change改变；B. adjust调整；C. cver涉及；D. prduce生产。根据前文“Stephen asked if my class was ging t be “hard””和本句中“I saw Stephen’s eyes getting big with fear.”可知，斯蒂芬担心课程会很难，所以他的眼睛因恐惧而睁大，应该是因为听到作者在和菲利普讨论课程所涉及的内容。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我告诉他要这样做他的工作。A. avid避免；B. cntinue继续；C. present呈现；D. apprach应对。根据下文“T d his assignment, all f them, and t get them in n time.”（要完成作业，所有的作业，并且按时交上来）可知，作者是在告诉斯蒂芬如何去应对自己的功课任务。故选D。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在中学时学得很吃力。A. fitted适应；B. hesitated犹豫；C. struggled艰难行进；D. prgressed进步。根据下文“It had taken him lnger t finish than mst yung peple. ”（他比大多数年轻人花了更长的时间才完成）可知，斯蒂芬在中学的学习也是很吃力的，完成得比较艰难。故选C。
【7题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他告诉我，在来我们学校之前，没有人相信他有很大的潜力。A. experience经验；B. infrmatin信息；C. ptential潜力；D. hnr荣誉。根据前文“He had 6 in middle schl.”（他在中学时学得很吃力）和“Family members, including his mther, kept reminding him that he was a failure.”（家庭成员，包括他的母亲，不断提醒他，他是个失败者）可知，他在考入这所学校之前，学习一直很吃力，家人也都认为他是个失败者，因此没人相信他有潜力。故选C。
【8题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，他还是通过了每天上课、按时交作业、把学习分成小块、容易消化的方法，通过了大部分课程。A. full-sized全尺寸的；B. bite-sized一口大小的，小块的；C. pcket-sized袖珍的；D. medium-sized中等大小的。根据前文提到的作者教给他的“One bite at a time”（一次吃一口）和下文“His secret, he said, was that he was 10 what I taught him befre classes ever started: “Take it ne bite at a time.””（他说，他的秘诀在于，他一直在练习我在开课前教他的东西:“一次吃一口”）可知，斯蒂芬一直坚持用作者教给他的“一次吃一口”的方法，把学习分成一口大小的、容易消化的部分，一点一点学习。故选B。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当他把我介绍给他的朋友们时，他都会告诉他们，当人们以为他会失败的时候，他成功了。A. changing变化；B. recvering康复；C. cncentrating聚精会神；D. succeeding成功。根据前文“By passing curse after curse he began t gain a measure f self-respect.”（通过一门又一门的考试，他开始获得了一定程度的自尊）可知，虽然很多人都以为他会失败，但他最终通过了一门又一门的考试，获得了成功。故选D。
【10题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他说，他的秘诀在于，他一直在练习我在开课前教他的东西:“一次吃一口”。A. spreading传播；B. cnsidering考虑；C. practicing练习；D. expressing表达。根据前文“I tld him t 5 his wrk that way. ”可知，作者教给斯蒂芬“一次吃一口”的方法是一种学习方法，是要加以练习和实践才可以取得效果的，所以斯蒂芬最终成功的秘诀就是不断练习运用这种方法。故选C。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1分，共10分)
A
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
It was the final sprint f a cycl-crss race in Spain. Esteban, in third place, was just ahead f his cmpetitr, Navarr, ____11____ nly 300 meters t the end. Suddenly Esteban gt a puncture, s he threw his bike ver his shulders and raced twards the finishing line. Just a few secnds later, furth-placed Navarr ____12____(catch) up with him. Surely, he culd simply vertake Esteban and cme third. But Navarr slwed dwn and let Esteban run ahead f him. The tw cyclists reached the end with Esteban ahead n ft in third place, ____13____ Navarr came furth. The audience was ____14____(amaze) at his shw f sprtsmanship and cheered and clapped.
【答案】11. with
12. caught 13. while
14. amazed
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了西班牙自行车越野赛中，排名第三的埃斯特班在距离终点仅剩下300米的时候车轮爆胎不得不跑步冲向终点，排名第四的纳瓦罗没有趁机超越，而是跟在埃斯特班之后到达终点线，展示了高尚的体育精神。
【11题详解】
考查介词。句意：排名第三埃斯特班领先于他的竞争对手纳瓦罗，现在距离终点仅剩300米。分析句子结构，空白处及其下文在句子中做伴随状语，应使用表示伴随含义的介词，with为介词，可做伴随状语，故填with。
【12题详解】
考查时态。句意：几秒钟后，排名第四的纳瓦罗追上了他。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，因句子表达的是过去发生的动作，谓语动词使用一般过去时，故填caught。
13题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：两名自行车手到达终点，埃斯特巴以步行的方式领先，获得第三名，而纳瓦罗获得第四名。根据上文“Surely, he culd simply vertake Esteban and cme third. (当然，他完全可以超越埃斯特巴，获得第三名。)”可知，纳瓦罗没有趁机超越，而是跟在埃斯特班之后到达终点线，让埃斯特班拿到了第三名，而自己拿到了第四名，展示了高尚的体育精神，可推理出空白处应填表示转折和让步关系的连词，故填while。
【14题详解】
考查形容词。句意：观众对他的体育精神表现感到惊讶，欢呼鼓掌。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做表语表示属性，使用形容词，因修饰主语the audience，指人，使用v-ed形式的形容词，故填amazed。
B
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
White Fang spent the first mnth f his life ____15____(stay)in the warmth f his mther. Never mving far frm her side his whle wrld was the shadwy ____16____(safe)f the cave. Then ne day, he nticed that ne wall f the cave was different. This was the cave entrance that let in a little light. As time passed, he lnged ____17____(g)twards that wall f light. But when he tried, his mther gave him a sharp whack n his nse. She knew he was t yung t g utside. This was his first lessn—that taking risks can be painful.
【答案】15. staying
16. safety 17. t g
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述出生在寒冷多雪的阿拉斯加北国的白牙，他出生后就和母亲生活在安全的洞穴里。随着他长大，他渴望到外面的世界，但是他的母亲知道现在对于他来说，外面的世界非常的危险。
【15题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：白牙在母亲的温暖中度过了他生命的第一个月。spend time/mney (in) ding sth.“花费时间/金钱做某事”，用动名词作宾语。故填staying。
【16题详解】
考查名词。句意：他从来没有离开过她的身边，他的整个世界都是洞穴里阴暗的安全地带。根据空前的形容词以及空后的f可知，空处需要名词。safe为形容词，其名词为safety，此处的意思为“安全处所”，为不可数名词。故填safety。
【17题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：随着时间的流逝，他渴望走向那道光明之墙。lng t d sth.“渴望做某事”。故填t g。
C
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Mre than just ____18____ visual feast, an appealing pening ceremny wwed the wrld n Saturday September 23rd, as President Xi Jinping declared the 19th Asian Games pen. With the giant flr screen lighting the way, the athletes’parade prceeded t the meldy f Our Asia, ____19____ was played t the punding beat f drums built in the shape f smanthus, the city flwer f Hangzhu. During the parade, images f icnic scenic spts at Hangzhu’s famus West Lake ____20____(prject) nt the val-shaped flr screen, allwing marching athletes and spectatrs t enjy the city’s picturesque scenery in an immersive way.
【答案】18. a 19. which
20. were prjected
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了19届亚运会在中国举办，介绍了亚运会开幕式上的盛况。
【18题详解】
考查冠词。句意：9月23日星期六，当习近平主席宣布第19届亚运会开幕时，一场吸引人的开幕式不仅仅是一场视觉盛宴，还震惊了世界。根据语境可知，此处表示亚运会的开幕式不仅仅是“一场视觉的盛宴”，所以空处需要不定冠词。空后的单词为辅音音素开始的单词，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在巨大的落地大屏幕的照明下，运动员的入场式在“我们的亚洲”的旋律下进行，“我们的亚洲”伴随着以杭州市花桂树形状建造的鼓点的敲击声而进行。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词Our Asia，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
【20题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：入场式期间，著名的杭州西湖景点的图像被投射到椭圆形的地板屏幕上，让行进的运动员和观众以身临其境的方式欣赏城市如画的风景。分析句子结构可知，空处为句子的谓语动词。根据语境可知，此处是在介绍亚运会开幕式的场景，所以时态为一般过去时。主语和谓语动词之间为被动关系。综上所述，该句话用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词使用were。故填were prjected。
第三部分：阅读理解(共两节，36分)
第一节(共13小题;每小题2分，共26分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Tips fr Writing a Cver Letter
If yu are applying fr an internship, yu will likely have t submit a cver letter as part f yur applicatin. Read belw fr tips n writing an internship cver letter.
Use Business Letter Frmat
Use prper business letter frmat when sending a cver letter by mail. Include yur cntact infrmatin at the tp, the date, and the cntact infrmatin fr the emplyer. Be sure t prvide a prper salutatin, and sign yur name at the bttm.
Individualize Yur Cver Letter
Make sure t write a unique cver letter fr each internship fr which yu apply. Highlight skills and abilities yu have that relate t the specific internship listing. The main emphasis f yur cver letter shuld be cnvincing the reader that yu will be a qualified intern.
Emphasize Yur Academic Experience
In the letter, yu can mentin academic experience, if applicable. Especially if yu have limited wrk experience, yu might use examples frm schl t demnstrate that yu have particular skills. Fr example, if the internship requires yu t wrk as part f a team, prvide an example f an assistant at the library r a successful team prject yu wrked n during ne f yur cllege curses.
Include Extra Classrm Experiences
Yu can als include details abut yur relevant experience frm extra classrm activities r vlunteer wrk. Fr example, a reprter fr a cllege newspaper can pint t interviewing and writing skills; a histry f vlunteering at a shelter can prvide an example f strng interpersnal and rganizatinal skills.
Prfread and Edit
Be sure t thrughly prfread yur cver letter fr spelling and grammar errrs. Many internships are very cmpetitive, and any errr can hurt yur chances f getting an interview. Als, avid using t many wrds t cnvey yur infrmatin and intentin.
21. What can yu d t persnalize yur internship cver letter?
A. Use prper business letter frmat.
B. Emply mre cnvincing expressins.
C. Prmise a gd perfrmance in the internship.
D. Stress my wn abilities related t the requirements.
22. Academic experience included in the cver letter can ________.
A. make up fr the lack f wrk experienceB. prve yu’ll be an utstanding rganizer
C. shw yu have a gd academic perfrmanceD. multiply the chance f wrking n a team prject
23. Accrding t the text, a cver letter shuld be _____________.
A. emtinal and simplifiedB. infrmal and detailed
C. brief and targetedD. academic and qualified
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了求职信的五个写作技巧。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Make sure t write a unique cver letter fr each internship fr which yu apply. Highlight skills and abilities yu have that relate t the specific internship listing. The main emphasis f yur cver letter shuld be cnvincing the reader that yu will be a qualified intern.(确保为你申请的每个实习岗位写一封独特的求职信。突出你所拥有的与实习相关的技能和能力。求职信的重点应该是让读者相信你是一个合格的实习生)”可知，强调自己与要求相关的能力，才能让你的实习求职信更个性化。故选D。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“In the letter, yu can mentin academic experience, if applicable. Especially if yu have limited wrk experience, yu might use examples frm schl t demnstrate that yu have particular skills.(如果可以的话，你可以在信中提到你的学术经历。特别是如果你的工作经验有限，你可以用学校里的例子来证明你有特殊的技能)”可知，求职信中包含的学术经验可以弥补工作经验的不足。故选A。
23题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Be sure t thrughly prfread yur cver letter fr spelling and grammar errrs. Many internships are very cmpetitive, and any errr can hurt yur chances f getting an interview. Als, avid using t many wrds t cnvey yur infrmatin and intentin.(一定要彻底校对你的求职信的拼写和语法错误。很多实习都很有竞争力，任何失误都可能损害你获得面试机会的机会。同时，避免用太多的词语来表达你的信息和意图)”可知，求职信应该简洁而有针对性。故选C。
B
My mrning rutine varies little frm day t day. I walk the dg, eat breakfast at the kitchen cunter with Katie and Matt, and then settle in fr a day at the cmputer. And because I wrk mstly frm hme, I have learned that little walks int the utside wrld are imprtant fr psychlgical well-being. S befre I begin attempting t put sentences tgether, I walk ver t a little cffee shp in my neighbrhd, and chat with the flks behind the cunter.
The cffee shp is n the ther side f the histric Chesapeaker & Ohi Canal frm my huse. Whenever in seasn, turists line up t take a slw bat, if nt t India, at least int the 19th century.
One warm day last fall, I turned the crner t see ne f the batmen sitting alne n the bat, bathed in early-mrning light. He was playing the vilin. The scene stpped me in my tracks. What I witnessed culd nly be described as a perfect mment. Ten secnds at mst. But mnths later I still remember just standıng there, watching, listening, and taking it all in.
We all have such mments put befre us. Little surprises. Whether we’re wise enugh t see them is anther thing.
I thught f the vilin man ne Sunday afternn while reading the bigraphies f thse killed in the Clumbia incident. The specialist Laurel Clark, talking frm the shuttle a few days befre it was t land, said it was blissful t see the simple unexpected wnders f space like a sunset. “There’s a flash; the whle paylad bay turns this rsy pink,” she said. “It nly lasts abut 15 secnds, and then it’s gne.”
I nce had a friend wh had a strange habit that never stpped t amuse me, maybe because I never quite knew when she was ging t spring it n me. It culd cme in the middle f a particularly lively dinner with ld friends. Out f the blue, she’d say, “Stp! I want t remember this mment.” I realize nw, after her death, what wise advice that is.
24. The authr ges ut fr a walk every day in the mrning mainly because __________.
A. she needs t walk the dg and enjy the fresh air
B. she cnsiders that it is gd fr her physical health
C. she hates t be left alne at hme when thers are ut
D. she benefits psychlgically frm cntacting the utside wrld
25. The underlined wrd “blissful” in Paragraph 5 prbably means __________.
A. enjyableB. valuable
C. sensibleD. reasnable
26. The main purpse f the passage is t tell peple t __________.
A. develp a gd habit
B. enjy life t the fullest
C. catch the valuable mments in life
D. be willing t fllw friends’ advice
【答案】24. D 25. A 26. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者通过文字告诉我们应该在生活中珍视人生中的幸福时刻，珍视人生的瞬间之美。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段第三句话“And because I wrk mstly frm hme, I have learned that little walks int the utside wrld are imprtant fr psychlgical well-being. (因为我大部分时间都在家工作，我了解到偶尔去外面的世界对心理健康很重要)”可知，去外面散步能够对作者的心理健康有好处。故选D。
【25题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词后半句话“see the simple unexpected wnders f space like a sunset.(看到日落这样简单而意想不到的太空奇观)”以及下一句话““There’s a flash; the whle paylad bay turns this rsy pink,” she said. (她说：“有一道闪光，整个有效载荷舱都变成了粉红色。”)”可知，看到日落这样简单而意想不到的太空奇观是一件让人愉悦的事，所以让人感觉整个载荷舱都是粉红色的。由此可知，划线单词的意思是“让人愉悦的”。故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“We all have such mments put befre us. Little surprises. Whether we’re wise enugh t see them is anther thing.(我们都有这样的时刻摆在我们面前。小惊喜。我们是否有足够的智慧去看他们是另一回事)”可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是为了让人们抓住生活中有价值的瞬间，珍惜这些美好的瞬间。故选C。
C
Children ften learn new languages mre easily than adults d, but it’s unclear why. Sme therize that grasping a language requires absrbing subtle patterns uncnsciusly and that adults’superir cnscius reasning is t blame. New research suggests that, indeed, grwn-ups might just be t smart fr their wn gd.
Fr a recent study in the Jurnal f Experimental Psychlgy: General, a grup f Belgian adults at the same time read and heard strings f fur made-up wrds(such as “kieng nief siet hiem”). Specific cnsnants (辅音) always appeared at the beginning r end f a wrd if the wrd cntained a certain vwel (元音). Participants next read the sequences alud quickly. Their ability t avid mistakes ding s indicated hw well they absrbed the cnsnant-vwel patterns.
But befre expsure t the new wrds, the participants had carried ut a separate test: pressing keys t react t letters and numbers. Sme gt a much faster, mre mentally draining versin f this test. Thse wh did the difficult versin claimed greater mental exhaustin afterward—but perfrmed better n the fllwing language task. The researchers assume that tired learners used less cnscius analysis n the wrd rules: they were free t learn like a child.
Fr a related paper in the Prceedings f the Natinal Academy f Sciences USA, the research team had English-speaking adults listen t streams f syllables (音节) secretly gruped int three-syllable “wrds.” Later, they played pairs f three-syllable units; ne wrd in the pair came frm the stream, and ne was a new cmbinatin. The participants guessed which wrd was familiar, then rated their cnfidence.
In ne participant grup, sme had first dne the riginal mentally draining test. In anther, sme had received magnetic pulses t interrupt activity in a brain area that previus research has linked t executive cntrl. In bth grups, these measures imprved participants’ perfrmance n the syllable task when they were unsure abut their answers, indicating uncnscius analysis f speech.
Neurscientist Michael Ullman, wh was nt invlved in either paper, likes that bth the studies added t mental burden differently and measured different skills. That’s really gd in science because yu’ve gt evidences pinting t the same directin,” he says, adding that he wuld like t see higher language skills such as grammar studied this way.
27. The reasn why sme Belgians were given a mre difficult test befre the language task was that __________.
A. they wuld have n time t prepare fr the upcming task.
B. they wuld be t tired mentally t cnsciusly analyze the rules
C. they culd have smething t refer t in the fllwing task
D. they might cmpare the difficulty level f the tw tasks
28. What can be inferred frm Michael Ullman’s remark?
A. The research result is nt slid until grammar is included.
B. Subcnscius mind remains t be explred in science.
C. The utcmes f the tw researches back each ther up
D. Mre evidence is needed t back the claim f the tw papers.
29. Which f the fllwing cnclusins will the research team agree with?
A. Human brain prcesses languages in multiple ways.
B. Cnscius analysis is the key t mastering a language.
C. Increasing mental health imprves ne’s language.
D. Reducing reasning may help t learn a language.
【答案】27. B 28. C 29. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。儿童通常比成人更容易学习新语言，但原因尚不清楚。一些理论认为，掌握一门语言需要无意识地吸收微妙的模式，而成年人优越的有意识推理能力是罪魁祸首。新的研究表明，事实上成年人可能只是太聪明了。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers assume that tired learners used less cnscius analysis n the wrd rules: they were free t learn like a child. (研究人员认为，疲惫的学习者对单词规则的有意识分析较少：他们可以像孩子一样自由地学习)”可知，一些比利时人在语言测试前要做一个难度更高的测试，原因是成年人在精神上太累了，无法有意识地分析规则，所以可以像孩子一样自由学习。故选B。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Neurscientist Michael Ullman, wh was nt invlved in either paper, likes that bth the studies added t mental burden differently and measured different skills. “That’s really gd in science because yu’ve gt evidences pinting t the same directin,” he says, (没有参与这两篇论文的神经学家迈克尔·乌尔曼(Michael Ullman)认为，他喜欢这两项研究以不同的方式增加了精神负担，并测量了不同的技能。“这在科学上真的很好，因为你有证据指向同一个方向，”他说)”可知，根据Michael Ullman的评论，可以推断出这两项研究的结果相互支持。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Sme therize that grasping a language requires absrbing subtle patterns uncnsciusly and that adults’superir cnscius reasning is t blame.(一些理论认为，掌握一门语言需要无意识地吸收微妙的模式，而成年人的超意识推理是罪魁祸首)”以及第三段中“The researchers assume that tired learners used less cnscius analysis n the wrd rules: they were free t learn like a child. (研究人员认为，疲惫的学习者对单词规则的有意识分析较少：他们可以像孩子一样自由地学习)”可知，推理会导致人们对单词规则进行有意识地分析，不利于语言学习，即减少推理可能有助于学习一门语言。故选D。
D
Casting blame is natural: it is tempting t fault smene else fr a mistake rather than taking respnsibility yurself. But blame is als harmful. It makes it less likely that peple will admit mistakes, and thus less likely that rganizatins can learn frm them. Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whse managers pinted t external factrs t explain their failings underperfrmed cmpanies that blamed themselves.
Blame culture asks, “wh drpped the ball?” instead f “where did ur systems and prcesses fail?” The fcus is n the individuals, nt the prcesses. It’s much easier t pint fingers at a persn r department instead f ding the harder, but the mre beneficial, exercise f fixing the rt cause, s the prblem des nt happen again.
The N Blame Culture was intrduced t make sure errrs and deficiencies(缺陷)were highlighted by emplyees as early as pssible. It riginated in rganizatins like-hspitals, submarines and airlines. Because errrs can be s disastrus in these rganizatins, it’s dangerus t perate in an envirnment where emplyees dn’t feel able t reprt errrs that have been made r raise cncerns that deficiencies may turn int future errrs. The N Blame Culture maximizes respnsibility because all cntributins t the event ccurring are identified and reviewed fr pssible change and imprvement.
The Natinal Transprtatin Safety Bard (NTSB), which supervises air traffic acrss the United States, makes it clear that its rle is nt t assign blame r legal respnsibility but t find ut what went wrng and t issue recmmendatins t avid a repeat. The prud recrd f the airline industry in reducing accidents partly reflects n-blame prcesses fr investigating crashes and clse calls. The mtive t learn frm errrs als exists when the risks are lwer. That is why sftware engineers and develpers rutinely investigate what went wrng if a website crashes r a server ges dwn.
There is an bvius wrry abut embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same persn is at fault? Smetimes, after all, blame is deserved. The “just culture” develped by James Reasn, addresses the cncern that the incmpetent and the malevlent(恶意的)will be let ff the hk. The line that Britain’s aviatin regulatr draws between hnest errrs and the ther srt is a gd starting-pint. It prmises a culture in which peple “are nt punished fr actins r decisins taken by them that g with their experience and training”. That narrws rm fr blame but des nt remve it entirely.
30. Accrding t the research published in 2015, cmpanies that __________ had better perfrmance.
A. blamed external factrsB. admitted mistakes
C. cnducted investigatinsD. accepted failures
31. Accrding t the passage, the N Blame Culture __________.
A. encurages the early disclsure f errrs
B. nly exists in high reliability rganizatins
C. enables peple t shift the blame nt thers
D. prevents rganizatins frm learning frm errrs
32. What is the majr cncern abut embracing blamelessness accrding t the passage?
A. Being blamed fr mistakes can destry trust in emplyees.
B. The line between hnest errrs and the ther srt is nt clear.
C. Inncent peple might take the blame by admitting their failure.
D. Peple wn’t learn their lessns if they aren’t blamed fr failures.
33. Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the passage?
A. Hw t Avid Disastrus Errrs in Organizatins
B. Why We Fail t Learn frm Our Own Mistakes
C. Why We Shuld Stp the Blame Game at Wrk
D. Hw t Deal with Wrkplace Blame Culture
【答案】30. B 31. A 32. D 33. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了职场中“责怪文化”的弊端及引进“无过错文化”的好处及担忧。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Research published in 2015 suggests that firms whse managers pinted t external factrs t explain their failings underperfrmed cmpanies that blamed themselves.(2015年发表的一项研究表明，那些经理人把失败归咎于外部因素的公司，其表现不如那些把失败归咎于自己的公司。)”可知，进行自我责备、承认自己失误的公司有更好的业绩，故选B项。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“The N Blame Culture was intrduced t make sure errrs and deficiencies (缺陷) were highlighted by emplyees as early as pssible.(引入“无过错文化”是为了确保员工尽早强调错误和不足。)”可知，引入“无过错文化”的目的是为了确保早发现错误，故选A项。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“There is an bvius wrry abut embracing blamelessness. What if the website keeps crashing and the same persn is at fault?(人们显然对接受无可指责感到担忧。如果网站一直崩溃，而罪魁祸首是同一个人，该怎么办?)”可知，对无可指责感到担忧是因为人们担心如果不把失败归咎于人们，他们就不会吸取教训，故选D项。
【33题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“But blame is als harmful. It makes it less likely that peple will admit mistakes, and thus less likely that rganizatins can learn frm them.(但是责备也是有害的，这使得人们不太可能承认错误，因此组织也不太可能从中吸取教训)”及第二段第一句“Blame culture asks, “wh drpped the ball?” instead f “where did ur systems and prcesses fail?” The fcus is n the individuals, nt the prcesses.(责备文化问，“谁丢了球？”而不是“我们的系统和流程在哪里失败了？”重点是个人，而不是流程。)”以及第三段“The N Blame Culture was intrduced t make sure errrs and deficiencies(缺陷)were highlighted by emplyees as early as pssible.(引入“无过错文化”是为了确保员工尽早强调错误和不足。)”可知文章前两段主要论述了职场中“责怪文化”的弊端，并结合下文对“无过错文化”好处的论述可知，文章主要分析了职场中应该停止“责怪文化”的原因，并引进“无过错文化”，C项“为什么我们应该停止工作中的指责文化”适合做文章标题，故选C项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Hw t Turn Yur Gals int Habits
First we make ur habits, then ur habits make us. It’s such a simple cncept, yet it’s smething we dn’t always d.
I believe that having ONE gal t fcus n is much mre pwerful than having many gals. By putting the belief int practice, I have achieved a lt f persnal gals ver time. ____34____ My answer takes a little explaining. I try t turn my gals int habits, and in ding s, I put my gals n autpilt. Turning a gal int a habit means really fcusing n it fr at least a mnth. The mre yu can fcus, the mre it’ll be n autpilt. ____35____ Yu’ll still d it, but yu nly have t use minimal frce t maintain it, and yu can fcus n yur next gal r habit.
Take my marathn gal as an example. I was just starting running and had the brilliant idea t run a marathn within a year. S that was my gal. ____36____ First, I had t make running a daily habit. Secnd, I had t reprt t peple in rder t have accuntability (负责) s that I culd nt quit easily. I fcused n the daily running habit fr abut a mnth, and didn’t have any ther gals r habits. When the running habit stuck, I started reprting t peple I knew and blgging abut my running every day.
_____37_____ I culd fcus n new gals withut having t wrry abut the marathn. I still had t d the running, f curse, but it didn’t require cnstant fcus. _____38_____ I was able t achieve this because, all year lng, I had daily running and accuntability habits. I put my marathn gal int autpilt, s instead f struggling with it daily fr an entire year, I fcused n it fr ne mnth and was able t accmplish it while fcusing n new habits and gals.
A. And eventually, I ran the first marathn in my life.
B. At the beginning, it was very difficult fr me t achieve this gal.
C. But in rder t achieve it, I brke it dwn int tw habits.
D. With this accuntability, there’s n way I culd stp running.
E. Once yu put it n autpilt, yu dn’t have t fcus n it much.
F. My readers asked me hw I was able t achieve them while wrking n different prjects.
G. Once thse tw habits were established, my marathn gal was pretty much n autpilt.
【答案】34. F 35. E 36. C 37. G 38. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇选句填空。当我们把目标变成习惯的时候，很容易地就可以实现自己的目标。文章讲述了具体的做法。
【34题详解】
横线后句“My answer takes a little explaining.”中的动词“answer”是关键词，由此可知横线句应该是一个问句，结合前句“By putting the belief int practice, I have achieved a lt f persnal gals ver time.”可知，人们对我取得如此多的成就的方法设问。F项：My readers asked me hw I was able t achieve them while wrking n different prjects.(我的读者问我，在做不同的项目时，我是如何做到这些的)承上启下，故选F。
【35题详解】
根据本段第四句I try t turn my gals int habits, and in ding s, I put my gals n autpilt.可知，把目标变成习惯，就会自动地努力去实现自己的目标，这就变成了一种自然的行为，不要再过多关注。E项：Once yu put it n autpilt, yu dn’t have t fcus n it much.(一旦你把它变成自动行动的，你就不必太关注它了。)符合本段文意，故选E。
【36题详解】
根据横线后两句First, I had t make running a daily habit. Secnd, I had t reprt t peple in rder t have accuntability (负责) s that I culd nt quit easily.可知，作者首先把跑步变成日常的习惯，然后必须向人们汇报，这样作者就有了责任感，不会轻易放弃。C项：But in rder t achieve it, I brke it dwn int tw habits.(但为了达到这个目的，我把它分成了两个习惯。)也是讲述如何变成习惯，故选C。
【37题详解】
根据横线后句I culd fcus n new gals withut having t wrry abut the marathn.可知，作者关注新的目标，不再考虑之前的马拉松了，因为马拉松已经成为作者的习惯了。G项：Once thse tw habits were established, my marathn gal was pretty much n autpilt.(一旦这两个习惯建立起来，我的马拉松目标几乎是自动行动的。)符合文意，目标变成自动行动的，作者才不会关注了，故选G。
【38题详解】
根据横线后句I was able t achieve this because, all year lng, I had daily running and accuntability habits.可知，作者实现了这个目标是因为她每天都在跑，让跑马拉松成为了作者的习惯。那么实现这个目标就是很自然的事情了，A项：And eventually, I ran the first marathn in my life.(我完成了第一个马拉松，实现了我的目标。)符合上下文文意，故选A。
【点睛】本文小题3可以根据文章中的数字信息得出答案，在横线后两句中出现了first和secnd，说明要把一个大目标拆分成两个小目标。得出C项答案。做题时很重要的一点是保持对一些线索词的敏感，最主要的线索特征词是空白前后的名词和动词，寻找答案时注意在选项中查找同义词、近义词、反义词或表示同一类事物的词语等。其次是代词、数词、表示时间/年代的词、地点/名称等专有名词等。尤其是在读不懂句子的情况下，利用这样的线索词寻找答案是很有效的方法。
第四部分：书面表达(共两节，26分)
第一节 阅读表达(共4小题;第57小题1分，第58小题2分，第59小题3分;第60小题5分，共11分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
Frm the cheeky sund f a whpee cushin t a spring-laded spider rcketing frm a glass, pranks (恶作剧) are a ppular way f making fun f thers and getting a laugh. While sme experts pint ut ptential negatives, pranking can als decrease stress, raise a smile, and strengthen relatinships.
It’s little wnder that best-selling children’s authr Matt Stantn has shaped his latest bk arund pranks fr yung jkesters. Part f his Funny Kid bk series, Prank Aliens, is abut a by named Max wh is searching fr the greatest prank f all time. Stantn said that pranking in the hme can build strng relatinships between parents and kids.
“Sme f the best relatinship-building mments I have with my wn kids are when I enter int their space,” Stantn said. “An adult jining in their games can be surprising fr kids and bring wnderful mments f jy. It’s a great way t demnstrate t ur kids that we can laugh at urselves and still feel lved and secure,” he added.
But playing tricks can cme with unintended cnsequences, said psychiatrist Mark Crss. Pranks that are intended t harm r embarrass can anger the target and even ruin a relatinship. Hwever, Crss als added “Pranking can be gd when the utcme is laughter fr everyne, including the pranked persn. It can be a great release f stress. When yu laugh, yu breathe deeper, which helps ease anxiety.”
S why nt try sme pranks? Wrapping vegetables and shes up as presents fr kids n their birthdays always gets a great reactin. Putting plastic spiders in guests’ drinks r placing a whpee cushin n an unsuspecting persn’s chair is sure t cause a belly laugh. All these might just be gd fr yu and everyne invlved.
39. What are the benefits f pranking?
40. When can pranks anger the target r even ruin a relatinship?
41. Please decide which part is false in the fllwing statement, then underline it and explain why.
Pranking is gd when everyne laughs at the pranked persn, since laughter releases stress.
42. In additin t pranking, what ther ways can yu use t strengthen relatinships with family members? (In abut 40 wrds)
【答案】39. Decreasing stress, raising a smile, and strengthening relatinships.
40. When they are intended t harm r embarrass.
41. Pranking is gd when everyne laughs at the pranked persn, since laughter releases stress.
Pranking is gd when the utcme is laughter fr everyne, including the pranked persn, since laughter releases stress.
42. I can keep in tuch with my family by calling them every day. Besides, travelling with my family during the leisure hlidays can give me the pprtunity t cmmunicate with them. Finally, I can celebrate with my family n special ccasins, which will be unfrgettable.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了虽然恶作剧有潜在的负面影响，但是恶作剧也可以减轻压力、带来微笑和增强人际关系。
【39题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第一段“While sme experts pint ut ptential negatives, pranking can als decrease stress, raise a smile, and strengthen relatinships.(虽然一些专家指出了潜在的负面影响，但恶作剧也可以减轻压力，带来微笑，加强人际关系)”可知，恶作剧可以减轻压力，带来微笑，加强人际关系。故答案为Decreasing stress, raising a smile, and strengthening relatinships.
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段“Pranks that are intended t harm r embarrass can anger the target and even ruin a relatinship.(故意伤害或使对方尴尬的恶作剧会激怒对方，甚至毁掉一段感情)”可知，故意伤害别人或者使人尴尬的恶作剧会激怒对方甚至毁掉一段关系。故答案为When they are intended t harm r embarrass.
【41题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第四段“Pranking can be gd when the utcme is laughter fr everyne, including the pranked persn. It can be a great release f stress. When yu laugh, yu breathe deeper, which helps ease anxiety.(当结果是包括被恶作剧的人在内的所有人都会大笑时，恶作剧就是好的。它可以极大地释放压力。当你笑的时候，你会呼吸更深，这有助于缓解焦虑)”可知，当结果是包括被恶作剧的人在内的所有人都会大笑时，恶作剧是好的，因为笑可以缓解焦虑，所以句子中“when everyne laughs at the pranked persn(当每个人都嘲笑恶作剧的人时)”是错误的。故答案为Pranking is gd when everyne laughs at the pranked persn, since laughter releases stress. Pranking is gd when the utcme is laughter fr everyne, including the pranked persn, since laughter releases stress.
【42题详解】
开放性题目。我可以通过每天给家人打电话来保持联系。此外，在休闲假期与家人一起旅行可以让我有机会与他们交流。最后，我可以在特殊的场合和家人一起庆祝，这将是令人难忘的。故答案为I can keep in tuch with my family by calling them every day. Besides, travelling with my family during the leisure hlidays can give me the pprtunity t cmmunicate with them. Finally, I can celebrate with my family n special ccasins, which will be unfrgettable.
第二节 书面表达(共1小题，共15分)
43. 假如你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国朋友Jim升入高中后，学业压力大，感到疲倦，你建议他通过体育锻炼来缓解压力。请你用英文给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.推荐一项运动并说明理由;
2.提示该项运动需做的准备。
注意：1.词数100词左右;
2.开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yurs,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m srry t hear that yu’re having such a hard time at present. As senir high schl students, it’s nrmal fr us t feel anxius and wrn ut nce in a while because we are under great pressure with ur studies. S yu dn’t have t wrry t much as lng as yu can deal with it in a prper way.
Persnally, I think the best way t relieve stress is physical exercise and swimming is ne f the best sprts, which can nt nly make me feel relaxed, but als stay healthy and strng, s I advise yu t swim regularly.
Befre ging t swim, we shuld pay attentin t three pints. The first is t make yur bdy in a better state. The secnd is that d nt eat t much. The last is that yu had better swim with sme friends. These can help yu stay safe and enjy yurself.
I hpe yu can get better sn.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jim写一封电子邮件，建议他通过体育锻炼来缓解因升入高中后，学业压力大而产生的疲倦与压力，推荐一项体育运动并说明理由，提示该项运动需做的准备。
【详解】1. 词汇积累：
困难的：hard→difficult
疲惫的：wrn ut→tired
解决：deal with→slve
建议：advise→suggest
安全的：safe→secure
2. 句式拓展：
简单句变为复合句
原句：Befre ging t swim, we shuld pay attentin t three pints.
拓展句：Befre we g t swim, we shuld pay attentin t three pints.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Persnally, I think the best way t relieve stress is physical exercise and swimming is ne f the best sprts, which can nt nly make me feel relaxed, but als stay healthy and strng, s I advise yu t swim regularly.（运用了以关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句和分别以连词and和s连接的并列句。）
【高分句型2】The last is that yu had better swim with sme friends.（运用了以连接词that引导的表语从句。）
Try t read at the right level
● Read smething that yu can understand.
Try t increase the number f yur new wrds
● Write the new wrds in yur ntebks when...
● Try t 15 their meanings while reading.
Try t read 16
● Read fr fifteen minutes every day.
Read what 17 yu
● Chse a bk r a magazine abut a 18 that yu like.