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【期中知识点归纳】（译林版2020）2023-2024学年高一上册英语 必修1 Unit 2 Let’s talk teens 知识点归纳 试卷.zip
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这是一份【期中知识点归纳】（译林版2020）2023-2024学年高一上册英语 必修1 Unit 2 Let’s talk teens 知识点归纳 试卷.zip，文件包含期中知识点归纳译林版20202023-2024学年高一上册英语必修1Unit2Let’stalkteens知识点归纳讲义原卷版docx、期中知识点归纳译林版20202023-2024学年高一上册英语必修1Unit2Let’stalkteens知识点归纳讲义解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共48页， 欢迎下载使用。
Unit 2 Let’s talk teens
Welcome Unit
话题
父母与子女的关系
词汇
battle, teenager, tension, rate, shoot, target, adult, struggle, breakdown, calm, view, normal, editor, expert, unique, passive, press
短语
see eye to eye with sb. (on sth. )/ shoot up/calm down/from one’s point of view/think sth. Through/back down/cheer up/be on sb’s back about sth./ draw sth. out of sth./ depend upon
句型
1.“特殊疑问词/whether+不定式”结构
2.whatever引导让步状语从句,意为“无论什么”,相当于no matter what
语法
简单句、并列句、复合句
写作
个人简介
1.anxious adj. 忧虑的,担心的;令人焦虑的;渴望的
[教材原句] You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind.(P16)
你可能会感到焦虑,因为你发现自己发育的速度和朋友们不同:要么是个头猛蹿,要么是远远落在其他人后面。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①He was anxious to leave and he could not hide his anxiety. (anxious)
②I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I’m anxious to get(get) help from you.
完成句子
③I am so anxious about the coming exam that I can hardly fall asleep at night.
我很担心即将到来的考试,以至于晚上很难入睡。
【知识拓展】
(1)be anxious about 为……担心/担忧
be anxious for 渴望……
be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)anxiety n.担心;焦虑;渴望
with anxiety 焦虑地
anxiously adv. 焦虑地
知识拓展 名词变形容词的后缀-ous
curiosity—curious 好奇的
anxiety—anxious 忧虑的
【写作积累】
①I was really anxious about you. You shouldn’t have left home without a word.
我非常担心你,你不应该不打招呼就离开家。
②We had an anxious week waiting for the test results.
我们焦急地等了一个星期考试结果。
2.desire n. & vt. 渴望,希望
[教材原句] You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support. (P17)你既对独立有新的渴望,又对父母的爱与支持抱有不断的需求。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①(2021·全国乙卷)These days, safety regulations — not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat — tend to keep stadium capacities (容量) slightly lower.
②In most cases, if their date doesn’t measure up to what they desire, they ghost.
完成句子
③He has a strong desire for success though he has failed many times. 尽管他失败了多次,但是他仍然非常渴望成功。
【知识拓展】
desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that...(should) do sth. 渴望做某事
注意：desire 后的从句要用虚拟语气,从句的谓语动词用should +动词原形,should 可以省略。
比较：desire/wish/ long/ hope
desire
语气比较正式,着重渴望的力量与热切,常含有强烈的意图和目的
wish
语气比较弱,多指难以实现或者不可能实现的愿望
long
语气强,指殷切地盼望着,这种盼望侧重于很难或者不可能得到的东西,有时候也指一般的愿望,但含有一定的感情色彩
hope
指对愿望实现有一定的信心的希望
【写作积累】
It’s our desire that you should provide some money to fund our program, as well as offer us some practical suggestions.
我们渴望你能为我们的项目提供一些资金,还能提供我们一些实用的建议。
3.struggle vi. & n. 奋斗;斗争;搏斗
[教材原句]On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient—sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride. (P17)
另一方面,当你努力控制自己的情感时,你希望他们能更加体贴,更有耐心——有时候他们会忘记成长是一个艰难的过程。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①We should help those who are still struggling for liberation.
②He struggled to overcome (overcome) his shortcomings.
③The two boxers struggled with/against each other and the referee separated them.
完成句子
④He was badly injured in the accident, but struggled to his feet.
他在事故中受伤严重,但还是挣扎着站了起来。
【知识拓展】
struggle for... 为……而奋斗
struggle with/against... 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth. 挣扎着做某事;尽力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
【写作积累】
①We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.
上某些课的时候,(班上的)同学也不一样,所以对于我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。
②From now on, you should prepare yourself for your future. Struggle for your dream and you will get the offer from Beijing Language and Culture University.
从现在起,你应该为你的未来做准备。为你的梦想而奋斗,你就会获得北京语言大学的录取通知书。
4.concern n. 担心,忧虑;关心vt. 涉及;让(某人)担忧
[教材原句]After you have thought it through, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully, and address their concerns.(P17)
在你全面考虑之后,冷静地解释你的行为和感受,仔细地倾听,并设法消除他们的顾虑。
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①Since there is always heavy fog, many people begin to concern themselves (them)about air pollution.
②Most parents are more concerned (concern) about/for school safety now than they were five years ago.
③I’ve had a letter from the tax authorities concerning (concern)my tax payments.
完成句子
④The entire society should show concern for and give support to the development of educational undertakings.
全社会应当关心和支持教育事业的发展。
【知识拓展】
(1)concern oneself about... 关心……
concern oneself in... 介入/卷入……
(2)have no concern with... 和……无关
show concern for... 对……表示关心
(3)concerned adj. 关切的;担心的
be concerned about/for 关心……
as/so far as... be concerned 就……而言
【写作积累】
As far as I’m concerned, the more you practise paper-cutting, the better at it you will become.
就我个人而言,你剪纸练习得越多,你就会越擅长它。
5.stress n. 精神压力,紧张;强调vt. 强调,着重
[教材原句]Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent-child tensions create, and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship. (P17)
只要记住,无法轻松应对亲子关系紧张带来的压力是完全正常的,并且你和父母可以共同努力,改善关系。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①Janet’s been under a lot of stress since her mother’s illness.
②She lays great stress on punctuality, and regards it as very important.
③She’s been feeling very stressed (stress)since she started her new job.
完成句子
④One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。
【知识拓展】
(1)under stress 在压力之下
put sb. under great stress 使某人感到沉重的压力
lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调某事物
(2)stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
(3)stressful adj.有压力的
【写作积累】
He stressed the importance of a good education.
他强调了良好教育的重要性。
6.design vt. 设计,制订n. 设计;设计艺术
[教材原句]So, we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood.(P20) 所以,我们设计了青少年健康网在通往成年的旅途中帮助你。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①(2021· 新高考I 卷) The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed (design) by J.N. “Ding” Darling.
②(2021· 天津高考) Today I am living a creative life as the designer (design) of my own fashion brand.
完成句子
③The route was designed to relieve traffic congestion.
这条路是为缓解交通拥挤而开辟的。
【知识拓展】
(1)design... for... 为……而设计……
be designed for.../to do... 专为……设计的;目的是……
be designed as 被设计为……
(2)by design/on purpose 有意地,故意地
(3)designer n. 设计者;设计师
注意：表示“故意与偶然”的词语小结:
故意地:by design; on purpose; deliberately
偶然地:by chance; by accident; accidentally
【写作积累】
①In my opinion, he didn’t hurt you by design.
依我看,他不是故意伤害你的。
②The programme is designed to help people who have been out of work for a long time.
这项活动的目的是帮助下岗很长时间的人。
7.account n. 账户;描述;解释vt. 认为是,视为
We should take his health into account and then make a decision.
我们应该先考虑他的健康状况,然后再做决定。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①He has to account to the chairman for all the money he spends.
②In English law a person is accounted (account) innocent until he is proved guilty.
句型转换
③Visitors are on no account allowed to feed animals in the wildlife park.
→On no account are visitors allowed to feed animals in the wildlife park.
【知识拓展】
(1)account sb. (to be)... 认为某人(是)……
account to sb. for... 向某人说明……
account for 解释或说明……的原因;总共有(占)
(2)on account of 由于;因为
on no account 决不(放在句首时句子用部分倒装)
take... into account 把……考虑或计算在内;考虑……
【写作积累】
The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.
我认为天气不好可能是来的人少的原因。
8.calm vt.使平静,使镇静 adj.镇静的,沉着的
[教材原句] When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. (P17)
当你和父母意见有分歧时,花点时间(让自己)冷静下来,设法从他们的角度了解状况。
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①It was difficult to calm down the football fans.
②She was breathing quickly and tried to calm herself(her).
完成句子
③The police found that it was difficult to calm down the angry crowd.
警方发现很难使愤怒的人群平静下来。
【知识拓展】
(1)remain/keep/stay calm 保持镇静
(2)calm down 平静下来,镇静下来
(3)calm oneself 使自己镇定下来
(4)calmly adv. 平静地,冷静地
比较：calm, quiet, silent, still
calm
平静的;沉着的。 指风平浪静或人的情绪平静、镇静
quiet
宁静的;安静的。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼
silent
寂静的;沉默的。指不说话或没有声音
still
静止的;不动的。指人或物体静止不动
【写作积累】
In the event of an emergency, please remain/keep/stay calm and walk to the nearest exit.
如果发生紧急事件,请保持镇静并走到最近的出口。
9.see eye to eye with sb.(on sth.)(在某事上)与某人看法一致
[教材原句]Do you feel that you just cannot see eye to eye with them on anything? (P16)
你是否觉得,你无法在任何事情上与他们达成一致?
【基础演练】完成句子
①The boy has an eye for(对……有鉴赏力) pictures, which makes his parents very happy.
②We’ve asked the neighbors to keep an eye on(照看……) the house for us while we are away.
③Everyone fixed their eyes on(注视) the new student.
【知识拓展】
(1)in sb.’s eyes/in the eyes of sb./to sb.’s eyes在某人看来
(2)turn a blind eye to... 对……视而不见
(3)shut/close one’s eyes to... 对……视而不见
(4)keep an eye on... 照看/留意……
(5)keep an eye open/out for...密切注意/提防……
(6)have an eye for... 对……有鉴赏力
(7)fix one’s eyes on 注视,凝视
(8)an eye for an eye 以眼还眼,以牙还牙
【写作积累】
But I don’t see eye to eye with them and I insist that the secrets behind the magic should not be disclosed.
但是我的看法和他们不一样,我坚持认为魔术背后的秘密不该被揭露出来。
10.from one’s point of view 从某人的角度、观点出发
[教材原句]When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. (P17)
当你和父母意见有分歧时,花点时间(让自己)冷静下来,设法从他们的角度了解状况。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①In my view, there is no need to care too much about your clothes.
②When the car was first built, the design was viewed as highly original.
③She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.
完成句子
④The plane soon flew out of view.
那架飞机很快从视野中消失了。
【知识拓展】
(1)have/get a good view of... 饱览……
(2)in one’s view/opinion 在某人看来
(3)in view of 鉴于;考虑到
(4)out of view 看不见;在视野之外
(5)come into view 进入视野;被看见
(6)view sb./sth.as... 把某人/某物视为……
【写作积累】
①You have a good view of the beautiful sunrise and sunset from the window.
从窗子这里你可以好好欣赏美丽的日出和日落。
②When we reached the top of the mountain, a wide plain below came into view.
我们登上山顶时,下面辽阔的平原进入了视野。
11.draw sth. out of sth.提取,支取
[教材原句]We all felt very good because we did not have to go downtown and draw money out of Mama’s Bank Account.(P26)
大家都很开心,因为我们不用去城里从妈妈的银行账户里取钱了。
【基础演练】用draw的短语填空
①The plan was drawn up(起草) under the chief engineer’s personal guidance.
②It’s too late to draw back (撤回)from the plan.
③I have to draw on(利用) my savings.
【知识拓展】
(1)draw upon/on 利用,凭借,依赖
(2)draw near 走进;临近
(3)draw in (日)渐短;(车、船等)到站
(4)draw back 向后移动,退缩;撤回
(5)draw out (日)渐长;使畅所欲言
(6)draw up 起草,制定;(车辆等)停下
(7)draw a conclusion 得出结论
【写作积累】
Only by understanding the analysis of the data can we draw a conclusion.
只有通过理解数据的分析,我们才能得出结论。
12.Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control. 通过这种良性讨论,你会学会何时作出让步,何时要求父母放松对你的掌控。
He hasn’t decided whether to go or stay.他还没有决定去留。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①There are so many books here. What troubles them is which to choose.
②Before their flight, the astronauts had to learn how to live (live) in outer space.
③We couldn’t agree on when to start and where to go for the coming holiday.
完成句子
④When to hold the meeting has not yet been told to us.
什么时候开会还没有告诉我们。
【知识拓展】 “特殊疑问词/whether+不定式”结构
特殊疑问词包括疑问代词who, whom, what(无选择范围), which(有选择范围), whose和疑问副词when, where, how。该结构的具体用法如下:
(1)在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(注意:作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式)。
(2)通常用在tell,show,decide,explain,teach,learn,discuss等词后作宾语。
(3)可以转换成相应的名词性从句。
注意： 特殊疑问词与构成不定式的动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式通常用主动形式表被动含义。
【写作积累】
How to make a cake(=How we make a cake) is what we’re going to learn today.
今天我们要学习的是如何做蛋糕。
13.Whatever happened, we always knew we still had the Bank to depend upon.无论发生什么事,我们总是知道,我们还有“银行”可以依靠。
(2019·江苏高考)Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable.无论你的年龄或兴趣,巴克斯顿总有一些值得看或做的东西,使你的游览真正难忘。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①(2020· 天津高考)While libraries still loan out(出借)books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries.
②(2021·浙江高考)So, whoever you are, thank you for the random act of kindness that not only helped my mother out, but made her day too.
【知识拓展】 whatever引导让步状语从句,意为“无论什么”,相当于no matter what。
【写作积累】
I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase.
无论我买什么,我都倾向于参考消费排名。
【基础演练】
I.单句语法填空
1.So, if you’re feeling extra anxious(anxiety) in the days leading up to a job interview, don’t be surprised if your subconscious revives that old math test nightmare.
2.(2021·新高考I卷)I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance (perform).
3.(2021·全国甲卷)Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers.
4.(2021·天津高考)After struggling (struggle)for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—leaving my job and studying my design course full time.
5.The course is designed (design) to develop students’ communication skills. Would you like to take it?
6.Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed(succeed).
7.To our surprise,many people complain that their jobs are uninteresting and stressful(stress).
8.In the court the witnesses gave two completely contradictory accounts(account). That is to say, their statements contradicted each other.
9.We’ll live with the local people in their villages, and eat and drink whatever they do, including cow’s blood!
II.选词填空
shoot up,think through,back down,cheer up, draw sth. out of sth.,go through,turn out, depend on
1.I need to draw some money out of my account.
2.The length of time spent exercising depends on the sport you are training for.
3.Demand for water has shot up by 70% over the last 30 years.
4.It turns out that we were more successful than we had anticipated.
5.The policy has not been thought through properly.
6.Local residents have forced the local council to back down from/on its plans to build a factory in their street.
7.She was ill so I sent her some flowers to cheer her up.
8.A council spokeswoman said that the proposals for the new shopping centre were unlikely to go through.
III.仿写句子
1.You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind.
仿写:孩子们跑出房间,愉快地说着、笑着。
The children ran out of the room, talking and laughing merrily.
2.Unfortunately, your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy.
仿写:当你帮助别人时,这会使你自我感觉更好。
When you help others, it will make you feel better about yourself.
3.On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient—sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride.
仿写:上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼的,但那时我在纽约出差。
I wish I had been at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
4.Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control.
仿写:什么时候外出野餐还没有定下来。
When to go out for a picnic has not been decided.
5.The good news is that this stormy period will not last.
仿写:音乐会上让我印象最深刻的是那样小的一个男孩小提琴竟拉得这么好。
What impressed me most at the concert was that such a little boy could play the violin so well.
一．语法基础：简单句、并列句、复合句
思维导图
一、简单句
1. 概述
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语)的句子称为简单句。
I am a student. 我是一个学生。
He usually does morning exercises on the playground.
他常常在操场上做早操。
Tom and Mike are American boys.
汤姆和迈克是美国男孩。
2. 简单句的基本句型
(1)主谓结构(S + V)
在此句式中, V是不及物动词(vi. )。
He runs quickly. 他跑得快。
They listened carefully. 他们认真地听。
(2)主系表结构(S + V + P )
在此句式中, V是系动词(link v. ), 常见的系动词有: look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall, stand, become, turn等。
He seemed interested in this book.
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds reasonable.
这个故事听起来很有道理。
The blackboard feels smooth.
黑板摸上去很光滑。
(3)主谓宾结构(S + V + O )
在此句式中, V是及物动词(vt. ), 后接宾语。
(2021·浙江高考)We visit a local farm every October.
我们每年十月都去当地的一个农场。
They found a solution easily.
他们很快找到了解决方案。
(4)主谓双宾结构(S + V + IO + DO)
在此句式中, V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见带双宾语的动词有give, ask, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get, rob, warn等。
①间接宾语可以紧接动词之后, 也可以用to后置。
He bought me a present/a present to me.
他给我买了一件礼物。
Have you shown your work to anyone?
你让别人看过你的作品吗?
②间接宾语可以紧接动词之后, 也可以用for后置。
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
妈妈给我买了一本书。
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
他给我弄了一把椅子。
He brought me a pen/a pen for me.
他带给我一支钢笔。
(5)主谓宾补结构(S + V + O + C)
在此句式中, 常作宾语补足语的词有: 形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
They made the girl angry. 他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day.
他们发现那天她很高兴。
I found him out. 我发现他出去了。
I saw him in. 我看见他在家。
二、并列句
1. 概述
由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句(compound sentence)。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立, 互不依从, 但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系。
并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号, 也可不用逗号(但however、therefore、otherwise等并列连词前后都常有逗号)。常见的并列句结构是: 简单句+并列连词+简单句。
I help him and he helps me.
我帮助他, 他帮助我。
She likes bread and milk, but she doesn’t like eggs at all.
她喜欢面包和牛奶, 但她一点也不喜欢鸡蛋。
This is our first lesson, so I don’t know all your names.
这是我们的第一堂课, 因此我不知道大家的名字。
Turn the heat down or it’ll burn.
把炉火开小一些, 不然就烧焦了。
2. 并列连词
并列连词(或连接副词)根据不同含义, 分为如下几类:
(1)表示连接, 常用的有and、not only. . . but also、neither. . . nor等。
Her uncle gave her a new bike as her birthday present and she liked it very much.
她叔叔给了她一辆新自行车作为生日礼物, 她非常喜欢。
Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend.
他不仅是我们的老师, 而且是我们的朋友。
Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him.
这调皮的男孩既不回家, 他的父母也不寻找他。
(2)表示转折, 常用的有but、yet、still、however、while等。
He is in poor health but he still keeps working.
他身体不好, 但仍继续工作。
The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months, yet he couldn’t find any work. 这个工人在纽约找工作已有数月之久, 但是仍然没有找到任何工作。
Certainly he apologized, however, I won’t forgive him.
他的确道歉了, 然而我不会原谅他。
(3)表示选择, 常用的有or、or else、otherwise、either. . . or等。
They must be taken away from the heat of the fire, or they might get burnt.
必须把它们从炉火边拿走, 不然就有可能烤糊。
Take this bus or else you won’t get there in time.
乘这辆公共汽车吧, 否则你将无法及时到达那里。
(4)表示原因, 常用for。
They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one, for being blind, how could they?
他们常常听说大象, 但从来没看到过, 因为他们是盲人, 怎么能看到呢?
(5)表示结果, 常用的有so、therefore。
The rain began to fall, so we went home.
天开始下雨了, 所以我们就回家了。
He worked day and night, therefore, he was able to buy the sports car.
他夜以继日地工作, 所以有能力买那辆跑车。
三、复合句
1. 概述
复合句(complex sentence)由一个主句(main clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(subordinate clause)构成。主句是全句的主体, 通常可以独立存在; 从句则只用作句子的一个成分, 不能独立。
After the students were all in the chemistry lab, the teacher brought out three bottles.
在学生全都进入化学实验室后, 老师拿出三个瓶子来。
Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways. 玉米是一种非常有用的作物, 可用许多不同的方法制作成食物。
We also believe that many more people will prefer to travel by air.
我们还认为会有更多的人更喜欢乘飞机旅行。
What he said is true. 他说的是真的。
2. 从句的基本概念及其结构
从句不能独立成为一个句子, 虽然它也有主语部分和谓语部分。从句通常由关联词引导, 并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句的结构通常是: 关联词+主语+谓语。
When I came home, my wife was cooking dinner.
当我回家时, 妻子在做晚饭。
Did you see the letter that I sent him?
你看到我寄给他的信了吗?
Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. 足球比赛是否举行视天气而定。
3. 连词
(1)从属连词: that(无词义), before(在……之前), whether(是否), after(在……之后), if(假如、是否), since(既然、自从), because(因为), as/so long as(只要), when(当……时候), so that(以便)
(2)连接代词: who, which, whom, what, whose等。
(3)连接副词: when, why, where, how
(4)关系代词: who, which, whom, that, whose
(5)关系副词: when, why, where
4. 从句的功用和种类
从句在复合句中, 可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等, 因此, 可分为六类: 即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
The dam, which is the biggest in the world, is 3, 830 metres long.
这座水坝是世界上最大的一座, 长3 830米。(含有which引导的定语从句)
Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor.
当11层楼起火的时候, 大楼内有500多人在工作。(含有when引导的时间状语从句)
The chief editor decides which will be the most important story on the front page.
由主编决定哪篇报导最重要, 应安排在头版。(含有which引导的宾语从句)
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是否会来仍是一个问题。(含有whether引导的主语从句)
That is where he was born.
那就是他出生的地方。(含有where引导的表语从句)
We heard the news that our team had won.
我们听到了我们球队已经获胜的消息。(含有that 引导的同位语从句)
【基础演练】
Ⅰ. 写出下列句子的句型
1. Most of the students like English. (S+V+O)
2. The door is wide open. (S+V+P)
3. The little boy can speak now. (S+V)
4. They decided to offer Jo the job. (S+V+IO+DO)
5. I found English very easy to learn. (S+V+O+C)
6. Have you ever heard about this story? (S+V+O)
Ⅱ. 写出下列句子的类型
1. It is said that our school team has won the game. (含有主语从句的复合句)
2. There are three books I reread annually. (含有定语从句的复合句)
3. While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts. (含有状语从句的复合句)
4. Growing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. (并列句)
5. We all want it to accept and love ourselves, but at times it seems too difficult. (并列句)
6. Hurry up or else you’ll be late. (并列句)
7. The good news that our class won the basketball competition has lifted everyone’s spirits. (含有同位语从句的复合句)
8. This is where swans and geese settle down. (含有表语从句的复合句)
Ⅲ. 选词填空
but, so, and, because, if, unless, why, how
1. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone!
2. He walked along the street for some time and then turned left.
3. He phoned home, but there was no reply.
4. I started to cry because I cut my finger.
5. Training is worthless unless there is proof that it works.
6. Can you tell me why you replied to our advertisement?
7. What worries me is how I am going to get another job.
8. I could do it now, if you like.
IV.根据所学的三种句型, 结合中文提示补全短文。
Dear Li Hua,
How is everything going? I hope you are very well(你很好). I’m fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m helping my dad on the farm(我正在农场帮助我父亲). It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark( 所以我每天从黎明工作到天黑). Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat(在比较冷的北方, 他们种小麦). Although the farm is large(尽管农场很大), my dad has only two men working for him.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy(使我们非常高兴). Some of my friends drink beer. I don’t, because I have to drive home after the party(因为聚会后我得开车回家). Hope you can join us when you pay a visit to our country.
Give my best regards to your parents.
Yours,
Tom
二．写作基础：建议信
黄金写作模板
1. 话题特点
建议信是写信人对某事提出自己的建议和忠告, 可能是写给个人, 就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点; 也可能是写给某个组织或机构, 就改进服务提出建议或忠告。
2. 话题词汇
(1)give you some advice on. . . 给你一些关于……的建议
(2)spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力去做某事
(3)as we all know 众所周知
(4)as far as I am concerned 据我所知
(5)be of great importance to 对……极其重要
(6)communicate with sb. 与某人交流
(7)had better do 最好做……
(8)take/follow my advice 采纳我的建议
(9)get along with 相处, 进展
(10)feel stressed 感到有压力的
3. 话题句式
(1) 建议信开头常用句式
①I am sorry to know that you are worried about the coming exam.
了解到你对即将到来的考试很担心我很难过。
②I’m glad that you are getting along well with your study.
我很高兴你的学业进展顺利。
③You asked me in your letter how to get on with your deskmate.
你在信中问及如何与你的同桌相处。
(2)表达建议常用句式
①You don’t have to worry about it.
你不必为此事担心。
②First of all, try to invite some of your good friends to take part in after-class activities.
首先, 尽量邀请你的一些好朋友参加课外活动。
③What’s more, help others when they’re in trouble.
更重要的是, 当别人有困难时帮助他们。
④In my opinion, you should find a chance to talk with her.
依我看来, 你应该找机会与她谈谈。
(3)建议信结尾常用句式
①I hope these suggestions will help you.
我希望这些建议对你有所帮助。
②I’m sure you’ll make it. 我确信你能行。
③I hope everything goes well with you. 我希望你万事如意。
【实践应用】
[试题呈现]
高一新生或多或少都会经历一些烦心事。如高中学习难度的增加使得学生的压力增大; 新同学之间的不了解导致小误会时而发生; 部分同学由于肥胖而感到自卑; 不少同学因为琐事与父母发生冲突, 这些都让青少年对于高中生活感到沮丧和困惑。
针对这一现象, 请你(Tom)给高一的同学写一封信, 就某一两个你感受最深的方面谈谈你的看法, 同时提出适当的建议来帮助高一的学生树立正确的态度。
注意: 词数80个左右。
[写作指导]
I.谋篇布局
II.遣词造句：完成句子
1. 在成长的过程中, 我们经历一些身体的变化是正常的。
During the process of growing up, it is normal that we experience some body changes.
2. 真正重要的是, 我们应该保持均衡的饮食。
It really matters that we should keep a balanced diet.
3. 除此之外, 我们经常与我们的父母或朋友发生争论。其原因是我们越来越成熟, 逐渐倾向于相信自己。
Besides, we often have arguments with our parents or friends. Because we are becoming more and more mature and gradually tend to believe in ourselves.
4. 为了解决这个问题, 我认为我们应该更多地和家人、朋友及老师交流。
To solve this problem, I think we should talk to our family, friends and teachers more.
5. 沟通是一个你向别人表达感情的重要方式, 然后他们能更好地理解你并帮助你。
Communication is an important way to express your feelings to others, and then they can understand you better and help you.
6. 用it is+adj. +for sb. to do. . . 升级句1
During the process of growing up, it is normal for us to experience some body changes.
7. 用what引导的名词性从句作主语升级句2
What really matters is that we should keep a balanced diet.
8. 用the reason why. . . is that. . . 升级句3
Besides, the reason why we often have arguments with our parents or friends is that we are becoming more and more mature and gradually tend to believe in ourselves.
III.连句成篇
Dear Freshmen,
As a freshman, we are going through a difficult period at this time, which made us confused and frustrated about our high school life. I understand your feelings. Try these pieces of advice and see if they help.
Firstly, we should not be ashamed of our figure. During the process of growing up, it is normal for us to experience some body changes. What really matters is that we should keep a balanced diet. Besides, the reason why we often have arguments with our parents or friends is that we are becoming more and more mature and gradually tend to believe in ourselves. To solve this problem, I think we should talk to family, friends and teachers more. Communication is an important way to express your feelings to others, and then they can understand you better and help you.
All in all, I believe you will have a bright future.
Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Tom
单
词
1. battle n. &vt. &vi. 争论; 战斗; 搏斗; 斗争
2. teenager n. 青少年
3. tension n. 张力, 拉力; 紧张关系
4. rate n. 比率, 率; 速度
vi. &vt. 认为; 评价; 评估
5. shoot vi. & vt. 射击, 射中; 摄影; (朝某方向)冲, 奔
6. target n. 指标; (攻击的)目标, 对象; 靶子
vt. 把……作为攻击目标; 面向
7. adult n. 成年人
8. struggle vi. &n. 奋斗; 斗争; 搏斗
9. breakdown n. 故障; 崩溃; (关系)破裂
10. calm vt. 使平静; 使镇定
adj. 镇静的, 平静的; 沉着的
11. view n. 观察; 视野; 意见 vt. 把……看作
12. normal adj. 正常的; 一般的
n. 正常; 标准; 常态
13. editor n. 编者, 编辑; 剪辑师
14. expert n. 专家; 行家
adj. 熟练的; 内行的; 老练的
15. unique adj. 独特的, 稀罕的; 独一无二的
16. passive adj. 被动的, 消极的
17. press vt. &vi. 催促, 逼迫, 按, 压, 挤, 推
n. 报刊; 杂志
18. adventure n. 冒险; 冒险精神; 奇遇, 经历
19. flexible adj. 灵活的; 柔韧的; 易弯曲的
20. gather vi. 聚集; 集合 vt. 收集; 聚集
21. volunteer vi. & vt. 自愿; 义务做; 主动建议或告诉
22. figure n. 数字; 人物; 身材; 体形
23. response n. 响应; 反应; 回复
24. argue vi. 争论, 辩论vt. 辩论, 争论, 论证; 说理
→argument n. 论证; 论据; 争吵
25. anxious adj. 焦虑的; 担忧的; 渴望的; 急切的
→anxiety n. 焦虑; 渴望
26. anger n. 怒火, 愤怒
→angry adj. 生气的; 愤怒的
27. mental adj. 精神的; 脑力的; 思想的
→mentality n. 心态; 智力; 精神力
→mentally adv. 精神上, 智力上; 心理上
28. desire n. & vt. 欲望; 要求; 渴望
→desirable adj. 值得拥有的, 令人向往的
29. regular adj. 频繁的; 有规律的
→regularly adv. 频繁地; 有规律地
30. concern n. 担心, 忧虑; 关爱 vt. 影响, 牵扯; 涉及; 使担心
→concerned adj. 有关的; 关心的
31. design n. 设计; 构思; 设计图样 vt. 设计, 构思; 计划
→designer n. 设计师; 谋划者
32. performance n. 表演; 执行; 表现
→perform vt. 执行; 完成; 演奏
33. secure adj. 安全的; 无虑的; 稳当的; 可靠的
→security n. 安全, 安全性; 保证
34. graduate vi. & vt. 毕业 n. 毕业生
→graduation n. 毕业; 毕业典礼
35. operation n. 操作; 经营; 手术
→operate vi. & vt. 运转; 操作; 动手术
短
语
1. see eye to eye with sb. (on sth. )
(在某事上)与某人看法一致
2. shoot up 快速长高; 蹿个儿
3. calm down 平静下来; 镇定下来
4. from one’s point of view 从某人的角度、观点来看
5. think sth. through 充分考虑, 全盘考虑
6. back down 承认错误; 认输
7. cheer up 使变得高兴; 振奋起来
8. be on sb’s back about sth. 缠磨; 烦扰
9. draw sth. out of sth. 提取; 支取
10. depend upon 取决于; 依赖; 依靠
句
式
结
构
1. It 作形式主语, 不定式作真正的主语
It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too.
平衡你不断发展的精神需求也是一件让人头疼的事。
2. both. . . and. . . 引导并列结构
You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support.
你既对独立有新的渴望, 又一直需要父母的爱和支持。
3. that 引导表语从句
The good news is that this stormy period will not last.
好消息是, 这一风暴期不会持续太久。
4. It is likely that. . . 句式
It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.
这件事可能已经在我们的论坛上讨论过了。
5. There’s no point in doing sth. 句式
There’s no point in comparing you with others all the time.
总和别人比较是没有意义的。
Unit 2 Let’s talk teens
Welcome Unit
话题
父母与子女的关系
词汇
battle, teenager, tension, rate, shoot, target, adult, struggle, breakdown, calm, view, normal, editor, expert, unique, passive, press
短语
see eye to eye with sb. (on sth. )/ shoot up/calm down/from one’s point of view/think sth. Through/back down/cheer up/be on sb’s back about sth./ draw sth. out of sth./ depend upon
句型
1.“特殊疑问词/whether+不定式”结构
2.whatever引导让步状语从句,意为“无论什么”,相当于no matter what
语法
简单句、并列句、复合句
写作
个人简介
1.anxious adj. 忧虑的,担心的;令人焦虑的;渴望的
[教材原句] You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind.(P16)
你可能会感到焦虑,因为你发现自己发育的速度和朋友们不同:要么是个头猛蹿,要么是远远落在其他人后面。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①He was anxious to leave and he could not hide his anxiety. (anxious)
②I was told the Learning Center provides help for students and I’m anxious to get(get) help from you.
完成句子
③I am so anxious about the coming exam that I can hardly fall asleep at night.
我很担心即将到来的考试,以至于晚上很难入睡。
【知识拓展】
(1)be anxious about 为……担心/担忧
be anxious for 渴望……
be anxious to do sth. 渴望做某事
(2)anxiety n.担心;焦虑;渴望
with anxiety 焦虑地
anxiously adv. 焦虑地
知识拓展 名词变形容词的后缀-ous
curiosity—curious 好奇的
anxiety—anxious 忧虑的
【写作积累】
①I was really anxious about you. You shouldn’t have left home without a word.
我非常担心你,你不应该不打招呼就离开家。
②We had an anxious week waiting for the test results.
我们焦急地等了一个星期考试结果。
2.desire n. & vt. 渴望,希望
[教材原句] You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support. (P17)你既对独立有新的渴望,又对父母的爱与支持抱有不断的需求。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①(2021·全国乙卷)These days, safety regulations — not to mention the modern sports fan’s desire for a good view and a comfortable seat — tend to keep stadium capacities (容量) slightly lower.
②In most cases, if their date doesn’t measure up to what they desire, they ghost.
完成句子
③He has a strong desire for success though he has failed many times. 尽管他失败了多次,但是他仍然非常渴望成功。
【知识拓展】
desire to do sth. 渴望做某事
desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
desire that...(should) do sth. 渴望做某事
注意：desire 后的从句要用虚拟语气,从句的谓语动词用should +动词原形,should 可以省略。
比较：desire/wish/ long/ hope
desire
语气比较正式,着重渴望的力量与热切,常含有强烈的意图和目的
wish
语气比较弱,多指难以实现或者不可能实现的愿望
long
语气强,指殷切地盼望着,这种盼望侧重于很难或者不可能得到的东西,有时候也指一般的愿望,但含有一定的感情色彩
hope
指对愿望实现有一定的信心的希望
【写作积累】
It’s our desire that you should provide some money to fund our program, as well as offer us some practical suggestions.
我们渴望你能为我们的项目提供一些资金,还能提供我们一些实用的建议。
3.struggle vi. & n. 奋斗;斗争;搏斗
[教材原句]On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient—sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride. (P17)
另一方面,当你努力控制自己的情感时,你希望他们能更加体贴,更有耐心——有时候他们会忘记成长是一个艰难的过程。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①We should help those who are still struggling for liberation.
②He struggled to overcome (overcome) his shortcomings.
③The two boxers struggled with/against each other and the referee separated them.
完成句子
④He was badly injured in the accident, but struggled to his feet.
他在事故中受伤严重,但还是挣扎着站了起来。
【知识拓展】
struggle for... 为……而奋斗
struggle with/against... 与……作斗争
struggle to do sth. 挣扎着做某事;尽力做某事
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
【写作积累】
①We also had different students in some classes, so it was a struggle for me to remember all the faces and names.
上某些课的时候,(班上的)同学也不一样,所以对于我来说记住所有人的面孔和名字可是一件难事。
②From now on, you should prepare yourself for your future. Struggle for your dream and you will get the offer from Beijing Language and Culture University.
从现在起,你应该为你的未来做准备。为你的梦想而奋斗,你就会获得北京语言大学的录取通知书。
4.concern n. 担心,忧虑;关心vt. 涉及;让(某人)担忧
[教材原句]After you have thought it through, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully, and address their concerns.(P17)
在你全面考虑之后,冷静地解释你的行为和感受,仔细地倾听,并设法消除他们的顾虑。
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①Since there is always heavy fog, many people begin to concern themselves (them)about air pollution.
②Most parents are more concerned (concern) about/for school safety now than they were five years ago.
③I’ve had a letter from the tax authorities concerning (concern)my tax payments.
完成句子
④The entire society should show concern for and give support to the development of educational undertakings.
全社会应当关心和支持教育事业的发展。
【知识拓展】
(1)concern oneself about... 关心……
concern oneself in... 介入/卷入……
(2)have no concern with... 和……无关
show concern for... 对……表示关心
(3)concerned adj. 关切的;担心的
be concerned about/for 关心……
as/so far as... be concerned 就……而言
【写作积累】
As far as I’m concerned, the more you practise paper-cutting, the better at it you will become.
就我个人而言,你剪纸练习得越多,你就会越擅长它。
5.stress n. 精神压力,紧张;强调vt. 强调,着重
[教材原句]Just remember that it is completely normal to struggle with the stress that parent-child tensions create, and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship. (P17)
只要记住,无法轻松应对亲子关系紧张带来的压力是完全正常的,并且你和父母可以共同努力,改善关系。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①Janet’s been under a lot of stress since her mother’s illness.
②She lays great stress on punctuality, and regards it as very important.
③She’s been feeling very stressed (stress)since she started her new job.
完成句子
④One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。
【知识拓展】
(1)under stress 在压力之下
put sb. under great stress 使某人感到沉重的压力
lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调某事物
(2)stress the importance of 强调……的重要性
(3)stressful adj.有压力的
【写作积累】
He stressed the importance of a good education.
他强调了良好教育的重要性。
6.design vt. 设计,制订n. 设计;设计艺术
[教材原句]So, we have designed TeenHealthWeb to help you along the journey to adulthood.(P20) 所以,我们设计了青少年健康网在通往成年的旅途中帮助你。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①(2021· 新高考I 卷) The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed (design) by J.N. “Ding” Darling.
②(2021· 天津高考) Today I am living a creative life as the designer (design) of my own fashion brand.
完成句子
③The route was designed to relieve traffic congestion.
这条路是为缓解交通拥挤而开辟的。
【知识拓展】
(1)design... for... 为……而设计……
be designed for.../to do... 专为……设计的;目的是……
be designed as 被设计为……
(2)by design/on purpose 有意地,故意地
(3)designer n. 设计者;设计师
注意：表示“故意与偶然”的词语小结:
故意地:by design; on purpose; deliberately
偶然地:by chance; by accident; accidentally
【写作积累】
①In my opinion, he didn’t hurt you by design.
依我看,他不是故意伤害你的。
②The programme is designed to help people who have been out of work for a long time.
这项活动的目的是帮助下岗很长时间的人。
7.account n. 账户;描述;解释vt. 认为是,视为
We should take his health into account and then make a decision.
我们应该先考虑他的健康状况,然后再做决定。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①He has to account to the chairman for all the money he spends.
②In English law a person is accounted (account) innocent until he is proved guilty.
句型转换
③Visitors are on no account allowed to feed animals in the wildlife park.
→On no account are visitors allowed to feed animals in the wildlife park.
【知识拓展】
(1)account sb. (to be)... 认为某人(是)……
account to sb. for... 向某人说明……
account for 解释或说明……的原因;总共有(占)
(2)on account of 由于;因为
on no account 决不(放在句首时句子用部分倒装)
take... into account 把……考虑或计算在内;考虑……
【写作积累】
The poor weather may have accounted for the small crowd.
我认为天气不好可能是来的人少的原因。
8.calm vt.使平静,使镇静 adj.镇静的,沉着的
[教材原句] When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. (P17)
当你和父母意见有分歧时,花点时间(让自己)冷静下来,设法从他们的角度了解状况。
【基础演练】 单句语法填空
①It was difficult to calm down the football fans.
②She was breathing quickly and tried to calm herself(her).
完成句子
③The police found that it was difficult to calm down the angry crowd.
警方发现很难使愤怒的人群平静下来。
【知识拓展】
(1)remain/keep/stay calm 保持镇静
(2)calm down 平静下来,镇静下来
(3)calm oneself 使自己镇定下来
(4)calmly adv. 平静地,冷静地
比较：calm, quiet, silent, still
calm
平静的;沉着的。 指风平浪静或人的情绪平静、镇静
quiet
宁静的;安静的。指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼
silent
寂静的;沉默的。指不说话或没有声音
still
静止的;不动的。指人或物体静止不动
【写作积累】
In the event of an emergency, please remain/keep/stay calm and walk to the nearest exit.
如果发生紧急事件,请保持镇静并走到最近的出口。
9.see eye to eye with sb.(on sth.)(在某事上)与某人看法一致
[教材原句]Do you feel that you just cannot see eye to eye with them on anything? (P16)
你是否觉得,你无法在任何事情上与他们达成一致?
【基础演练】完成句子
①The boy has an eye for(对……有鉴赏力) pictures, which makes his parents very happy.
②We’ve asked the neighbors to keep an eye on(照看……) the house for us while we are away.
③Everyone fixed their eyes on(注视) the new student.
【知识拓展】
(1)in sb.’s eyes/in the eyes of sb./to sb.’s eyes在某人看来
(2)turn a blind eye to... 对……视而不见
(3)shut/close one’s eyes to... 对……视而不见
(4)keep an eye on... 照看/留意……
(5)keep an eye open/out for...密切注意/提防……
(6)have an eye for... 对……有鉴赏力
(7)fix one’s eyes on 注视,凝视
(8)an eye for an eye 以眼还眼,以牙还牙
【写作积累】
But I don’t see eye to eye with them and I insist that the secrets behind the magic should not be disclosed.
但是我的看法和他们不一样,我坚持认为魔术背后的秘密不该被揭露出来。
10.from one’s point of view 从某人的角度、观点出发
[教材原句]When you disagree with your parents, take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. (P17)
当你和父母意见有分歧时,花点时间(让自己)冷静下来,设法从他们的角度了解状况。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①In my view, there is no need to care too much about your clothes.
②When the car was first built, the design was viewed as highly original.
③She climbed up to the top of the hill, from where she could have a good view of the whole town.
完成句子
④The plane soon flew out of view.
那架飞机很快从视野中消失了。
【知识拓展】
(1)have/get a good view of... 饱览……
(2)in one’s view/opinion 在某人看来
(3)in view of 鉴于;考虑到
(4)out of view 看不见;在视野之外
(5)come into view 进入视野;被看见
(6)view sb./sth.as... 把某人/某物视为……
【写作积累】
①You have a good view of the beautiful sunrise and sunset from the window.
从窗子这里你可以好好欣赏美丽的日出和日落。
②When we reached the top of the mountain, a wide plain below came into view.
我们登上山顶时,下面辽阔的平原进入了视野。
11.draw sth. out of sth.提取,支取
[教材原句]We all felt very good because we did not have to go downtown and draw money out of Mama’s Bank Account.(P26)
大家都很开心,因为我们不用去城里从妈妈的银行账户里取钱了。
【基础演练】用draw的短语填空
①The plan was drawn up(起草) under the chief engineer’s personal guidance.
②It’s too late to draw back (撤回)from the plan.
③I have to draw on(利用) my savings.
【知识拓展】
(1)draw upon/on 利用,凭借,依赖
(2)draw near 走进;临近
(3)draw in (日)渐短;(车、船等)到站
(4)draw back 向后移动,退缩;撤回
(5)draw out (日)渐长;使畅所欲言
(6)draw up 起草,制定;(车辆等)停下
(7)draw a conclusion 得出结论
【写作积累】
Only by understanding the analysis of the data can we draw a conclusion.
只有通过理解数据的分析,我们才能得出结论。
12.Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control. 通过这种良性讨论,你会学会何时作出让步,何时要求父母放松对你的掌控。
He hasn’t decided whether to go or stay.他还没有决定去留。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①There are so many books here. What troubles them is which to choose.
②Before their flight, the astronauts had to learn how to live (live) in outer space.
③We couldn’t agree on when to start and where to go for the coming holiday.
完成句子
④When to hold the meeting has not yet been told to us.
什么时候开会还没有告诉我们。
【知识拓展】 “特殊疑问词/whether+不定式”结构
特殊疑问词包括疑问代词who, whom, what(无选择范围), which(有选择范围), whose和疑问副词when, where, how。该结构的具体用法如下:
(1)在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等(注意:作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式)。
(2)通常用在tell,show,decide,explain,teach,learn,discuss等词后作宾语。
(3)可以转换成相应的名词性从句。
注意： 特殊疑问词与构成不定式的动词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式通常用主动形式表被动含义。
【写作积累】
How to make a cake(=How we make a cake) is what we’re going to learn today.
今天我们要学习的是如何做蛋糕。
13.Whatever happened, we always knew we still had the Bank to depend upon.无论发生什么事,我们总是知道,我们还有“银行”可以依靠。
(2019·江苏高考)Whatever your age or interests, Buxton has something to see or do to make your visit truly memorable.无论你的年龄或兴趣,巴克斯顿总有一些值得看或做的东西,使你的游览真正难忘。
【基础演练】单句语法填空
①(2020· 天津高考)While libraries still loan out(出借)books, you’ll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you’re looking for, thanks to a cooperative network of area libraries.
②(2021·浙江高考)So, whoever you are, thank you for the random act of kindness that not only helped my mother out, but made her day too.
【知识拓展】 whatever引导让步状语从句,意为“无论什么”,相当于no matter what。
【写作积累】
I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase.
无论我买什么,我都倾向于参考消费排名。
【基础演练】
I.单句语法填空
1.So, if you’re feeling extra anxious(anxiety) in the days leading up to a job interview, don’t be surprised if your subconscious revives that old math test nightmare.
2.(2021·新高考I卷)I’m not a trained musician, but I’ve learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance (perform).
3.(2021·全国甲卷)Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers.
4.(2021·天津高考)After struggling (struggle)for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—leaving my job and studying my design course full time.
5.The course is designed (design) to develop students’ communication skills. Would you like to take it?
6.Even so, she impressed the world with her courage and strong desire to succeed(succeed).
7.To our surprise,many people complain that their jobs are uninteresting and stressful(stress).
8.In the court the witnesses gave two completely contradictory accounts(account). That is to say, their statements contradicted each other.
9.We’ll live with the local people in their villages, and eat and drink whatever they do, including cow’s blood!
II.选词填空
shoot up,think through,back down,cheer up, draw sth. out of sth.,go through,turn out, depend on
1.I need to draw some money out of my account.
2.The length of time spent exercising depends on the sport you are training for.
3.Demand for water has shot up by 70% over the last 30 years.
4.It turns out that we were more successful than we had anticipated.
5.The policy has not been thought through properly.
6.Local residents have forced the local council to back down from/on its plans to build a factory in their street.
7.She was ill so I sent her some flowers to cheer her up.
8.A council spokeswoman said that the proposals for the new shopping centre were unlikely to go through.
III.仿写句子
1.You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind.
仿写:孩子们跑出房间,愉快地说着、笑着。
The children ran out of the room, talking and laughing merrily.
2.Unfortunately, your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy.
仿写:当你帮助别人时,这会使你自我感觉更好。
When you help others, it will make you feel better about yourself.
3.On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient—sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride.
仿写:上个周二我本希望参加我姐姐的婚礼的,但那时我在纽约出差。
I wish I had been at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.
4.Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will learn when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control.
仿写:什么时候外出野餐还没有定下来。
When to go out for a picnic has not been decided.
5.The good news is that this stormy period will not last.
仿写:音乐会上让我印象最深刻的是那样小的一个男孩小提琴竟拉得这么好。
What impressed me most at the concert was that such a little boy could play the violin so well.
一．语法基础：简单句、并列句、复合句
思维导图
一、简单句
1. 概述
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语)的句子称为简单句。
I am a student. 我是一个学生。
He usually does morning exercises on the playground.
他常常在操场上做早操。
Tom and Mike are American boys.
汤姆和迈克是美国男孩。
2. 简单句的基本句型
(1)主谓结构(S + V)
在此句式中, V是不及物动词(vi. )。
He runs quickly. 他跑得快。
They listened carefully. 他们认真地听。
(2)主系表结构(S + V + P )
在此句式中, V是系动词(link v. ), 常见的系动词有: look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall, stand, become, turn等。
He seemed interested in this book.
他似乎对这本书感兴趣。
The story sounds reasonable.
这个故事听起来很有道理。
The blackboard feels smooth.
黑板摸上去很光滑。
(3)主谓宾结构(S + V + O )
在此句式中, V是及物动词(vt. ), 后接宾语。
(2021·浙江高考)We visit a local farm every October.
我们每年十月都去当地的一个农场。
They found a solution easily.
他们很快找到了解决方案。
(4)主谓双宾结构(S + V + IO + DO)
在此句式中, V是带有双宾语的及物动词。常见带双宾语的动词有give, ask, offer, send, pay, lend, show, tell, buy, get, rob, warn等。
①间接宾语可以紧接动词之后, 也可以用to后置。
He bought me a present/a present to me.
他给我买了一件礼物。
Have you shown your work to anyone?
你让别人看过你的作品吗?
②间接宾语可以紧接动词之后, 也可以用for后置。
Mother bought me a book/a book for me.
妈妈给我买了一本书。
He got me a chair/a chair for me.
他给我弄了一把椅子。
He brought me a pen/a pen for me.
他带给我一支钢笔。
(5)主谓宾补结构(S + V + O + C)
在此句式中, 常作宾语补足语的词有: 形容词、副词、介词短语、名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词。
They made the girl angry. 他们使这个女孩生气了。
They found her happy that day.
他们发现那天她很高兴。
I found him out. 我发现他出去了。
I saw him in. 我看见他在家。
二、并列句
1. 概述
由两个或两个以上的简单句并列连接起来的句子称为并列句(compound sentence)。并列句中的各个简单句彼此独立, 互不依从, 但它们表达的意思之间有一定的关系。
并列句中的各个简单句通常用并列连词连接起来。并列连词之前可用逗号, 也可不用逗号(但however、therefore、otherwise等并列连词前后都常有逗号)。常见的并列句结构是: 简单句+并列连词+简单句。
I help him and he helps me.
我帮助他, 他帮助我。
She likes bread and milk, but she doesn’t like eggs at all.
她喜欢面包和牛奶, 但她一点也不喜欢鸡蛋。
This is our first lesson, so I don’t know all your names.
这是我们的第一堂课, 因此我不知道大家的名字。
Turn the heat down or it’ll burn.
把炉火开小一些, 不然就烧焦了。
2. 并列连词
并列连词(或连接副词)根据不同含义, 分为如下几类:
(1)表示连接, 常用的有and、not only. . . but also、neither. . . nor等。
Her uncle gave her a new bike as her birthday present and she liked it very much.
她叔叔给了她一辆新自行车作为生日礼物, 她非常喜欢。
Not only is he our teacher, but also he is our friend.
他不仅是我们的老师, 而且是我们的朋友。
Neither did the naughty boy go home nor did his parents come to search for him.
这调皮的男孩既不回家, 他的父母也不寻找他。
(2)表示转折, 常用的有but、yet、still、however、while等。
He is in poor health but he still keeps working.
他身体不好, 但仍继续工作。
The worker hunted for jobs in New York for months, yet he couldn’t find any work. 这个工人在纽约找工作已有数月之久, 但是仍然没有找到任何工作。
Certainly he apologized, however, I won’t forgive him.
他的确道歉了, 然而我不会原谅他。
(3)表示选择, 常用的有or、or else、otherwise、either. . . or等。
They must be taken away from the heat of the fire, or they might get burnt.
必须把它们从炉火边拿走, 不然就有可能烤糊。
Take this bus or else you won’t get there in time.
乘这辆公共汽车吧, 否则你将无法及时到达那里。
(4)表示原因, 常用for。
They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one, for being blind, how could they?
他们常常听说大象, 但从来没看到过, 因为他们是盲人, 怎么能看到呢?
(5)表示结果, 常用的有so、therefore。
The rain began to fall, so we went home.
天开始下雨了, 所以我们就回家了。
He worked day and night, therefore, he was able to buy the sports car.
他夜以继日地工作, 所以有能力买那辆跑车。
三、复合句
1. 概述
复合句(complex sentence)由一个主句(main clause)和一个或一个以上的从句(subordinate clause)构成。主句是全句的主体, 通常可以独立存在; 从句则只用作句子的一个成分, 不能独立。
After the students were all in the chemistry lab, the teacher brought out three bottles.
在学生全都进入化学实验室后, 老师拿出三个瓶子来。
Corn is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways. 玉米是一种非常有用的作物, 可用许多不同的方法制作成食物。
We also believe that many more people will prefer to travel by air.
我们还认为会有更多的人更喜欢乘飞机旅行。
What he said is true. 他说的是真的。
2. 从句的基本概念及其结构
从句不能独立成为一个句子, 虽然它也有主语部分和谓语部分。从句通常由关联词引导, 并由关联词将从句和主句联系在一起。从句的结构通常是: 关联词+主语+谓语。
When I came home, my wife was cooking dinner.
当我回家时, 妻子在做晚饭。
Did you see the letter that I sent him?
你看到我寄给他的信了吗?
Whether the football game will be played depends on the weather. 足球比赛是否举行视天气而定。
3. 连词
(1)从属连词: that(无词义), before(在……之前), whether(是否), after(在……之后), if(假如、是否), since(既然、自从), because(因为), as/so long as(只要), when(当……时候), so that(以便)
(2)连接代词: who, which, whom, what, whose等。
(3)连接副词: when, why, where, how
(4)关系代词: who, which, whom, that, whose
(5)关系副词: when, why, where
4. 从句的功用和种类
从句在复合句中, 可作主语、表语、宾语、同位语、定语、状语等, 因此, 可分为六类: 即主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
The dam, which is the biggest in the world, is 3, 830 metres long.
这座水坝是世界上最大的一座, 长3 830米。(含有which引导的定语从句)
Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor.
当11层楼起火的时候, 大楼内有500多人在工作。(含有when引导的时间状语从句)
The chief editor decides which will be the most important story on the front page.
由主编决定哪篇报导最重要, 应安排在头版。(含有which引导的宾语从句)
Whether she will come or not is still a question.
她是否会来仍是一个问题。(含有whether引导的主语从句)
That is where he was born.
那就是他出生的地方。(含有where引导的表语从句)
We heard the news that our team had won.
我们听到了我们球队已经获胜的消息。(含有that 引导的同位语从句)
【基础演练】
Ⅰ. 写出下列句子的句型
1. Most of the students like English. (S+V+O)
2. The door is wide open. (S+V+P)
3. The little boy can speak now. (S+V)
4. They decided to offer Jo the job. (S+V+IO+DO)
5. I found English very easy to learn. (S+V+O+C)
6. Have you ever heard about this story? (S+V+O)
Ⅱ. 写出下列句子的类型
1. It is said that our school team has won the game. (含有主语从句的复合句)
2. There are three books I reread annually. (含有定语从句的复合句)
3. While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts. (含有状语从句的复合句)
4. Growing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. (并列句)
5. We all want it to accept and love ourselves, but at times it seems too difficult. (并列句)
6. Hurry up or else you’ll be late. (并列句)
7. The good news that our class won the basketball competition has lifted everyone’s spirits. (含有同位语从句的复合句)
8. This is where swans and geese settle down. (含有表语从句的复合句)
Ⅲ. 选词填空
but, so, and, because, if, unless, why, how
1. There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun, so there’s something for everyone!
2. He walked along the street for some time and then turned left.
3. He phoned home, but there was no reply.
4. I started to cry because I cut my finger.
5. Training is worthless unless there is proof that it works.
6. Can you tell me why you replied to our advertisement?
7. What worries me is how I am going to get another job.
8. I could do it now, if you like.
IV.根据所学的三种句型, 结合中文提示补全短文。
Dear Li Hua,
How is everything going? I hope you are very well(你很好). I’m fine, but tired. Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m helping my dad on the farm(我正在农场帮助我父亲). It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark( 所以我每天从黎明工作到天黑). Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat(在比较冷的北方, 他们种小麦). Although the farm is large(尽管农场很大), my dad has only two men working for him.
Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time. These parties often make us very happy(使我们非常高兴). Some of my friends drink beer. I don’t, because I have to drive home after the party(因为聚会后我得开车回家). Hope you can join us when you pay a visit to our country.
Give my best regards to your parents.
Yours,
Tom
二．写作基础：建议信
黄金写作模板
1. 话题特点
建议信是写信人对某事提出自己的建议和忠告, 可能是写给个人, 就其遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点; 也可能是写给某个组织或机构, 就改进服务提出建议或忠告。
2. 话题词汇
(1)give you some advice on. . . 给你一些关于……的建议
(2)spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力去做某事
(3)as we all know 众所周知
(4)as far as I am concerned 据我所知
(5)be of great importance to 对……极其重要
(6)communicate with sb. 与某人交流
(7)had better do 最好做……
(8)take/follow my advice 采纳我的建议
(9)get along with 相处, 进展
(10)feel stressed 感到有压力的
3. 话题句式
(1) 建议信开头常用句式
①I am sorry to know that you are worried about the coming exam.
了解到你对即将到来的考试很担心我很难过。
②I’m glad that you are getting along well with your study.
我很高兴你的学业进展顺利。
③You asked me in your letter how to get on with your deskmate.
你在信中问及如何与你的同桌相处。
(2)表达建议常用句式
①You don’t have to worry about it.
你不必为此事担心。
②First of all, try to invite some of your good friends to take part in after-class activities.
首先, 尽量邀请你的一些好朋友参加课外活动。
③What’s more, help others when they’re in trouble.
更重要的是, 当别人有困难时帮助他们。
④In my opinion, you should find a chance to talk with her.
依我看来, 你应该找机会与她谈谈。
(3)建议信结尾常用句式
①I hope these suggestions will help you.
我希望这些建议对你有所帮助。
②I’m sure you’ll make it. 我确信你能行。
③I hope everything goes well with you. 我希望你万事如意。
【实践应用】
[试题呈现]
高一新生或多或少都会经历一些烦心事。如高中学习难度的增加使得学生的压力增大; 新同学之间的不了解导致小误会时而发生; 部分同学由于肥胖而感到自卑; 不少同学因为琐事与父母发生冲突, 这些都让青少年对于高中生活感到沮丧和困惑。
针对这一现象, 请你(Tom)给高一的同学写一封信, 就某一两个你感受最深的方面谈谈你的看法, 同时提出适当的建议来帮助高一的学生树立正确的态度。
注意: 词数80个左右。
[写作指导]
I.谋篇布局
II.遣词造句：完成句子
1. 在成长的过程中, 我们经历一些身体的变化是正常的。
During the process of growing up, it is normal that we experience some body changes.
2. 真正重要的是, 我们应该保持均衡的饮食。
It really matters that we should keep a balanced diet.
3. 除此之外, 我们经常与我们的父母或朋友发生争论。其原因是我们越来越成熟, 逐渐倾向于相信自己。
Besides, we often have arguments with our parents or friends. Because we are becoming more and more mature and gradually tend to believe in ourselves.
4. 为了解决这个问题, 我认为我们应该更多地和家人、朋友及老师交流。
To solve this problem, I think we should talk to our family, friends and teachers more.
5. 沟通是一个你向别人表达感情的重要方式, 然后他们能更好地理解你并帮助你。
Communication is an important way to express your feelings to others, and then they can understand you better and help you.
6. 用it is+adj. +for sb. to do. . . 升级句1
During the process of growing up, it is normal for us to experience some body changes.
7. 用what引导的名词性从句作主语升级句2
What really matters is that we should keep a balanced diet.
8. 用the reason why. . . is that. . . 升级句3
Besides, the reason why we often have arguments with our parents or friends is that we are becoming more and more mature and gradually tend to believe in ourselves.
III.连句成篇
Dear Freshmen,
As a freshman, we are going through a difficult period at this time, which made us confused and frustrated about our high school life. I understand your feelings. Try these pieces of advice and see if they help.
Firstly, we should not be ashamed of our figure. During the process of growing up, it is normal for us to experience some body changes. What really matters is that we should keep a balanced diet. Besides, the reason why we often have arguments with our parents or friends is that we are becoming more and more mature and gradually tend to believe in ourselves. To solve this problem, I think we should talk to family, friends and teachers more. Communication is an important way to express your feelings to others, and then they can understand you better and help you.
All in all, I believe you will have a bright future.
Best wishes.
Yours sincerely,
Tom
单
词
1. battle n. &vt. &vi. 争论; 战斗; 搏斗; 斗争
2. teenager n. 青少年
3. tension n. 张力, 拉力; 紧张关系
4. rate n. 比率, 率; 速度
vi. &vt. 认为; 评价; 评估
5. shoot vi. & vt. 射击, 射中; 摄影; (朝某方向)冲, 奔
6. target n. 指标; (攻击的)目标, 对象; 靶子
vt. 把……作为攻击目标; 面向
7. adult n. 成年人
8. struggle vi. &n. 奋斗; 斗争; 搏斗
9. breakdown n. 故障; 崩溃; (关系)破裂
10. calm vt. 使平静; 使镇定
adj. 镇静的, 平静的; 沉着的
11. view n. 观察; 视野; 意见 vt. 把……看作
12. normal adj. 正常的; 一般的
n. 正常; 标准; 常态
13. editor n. 编者, 编辑; 剪辑师
14. expert n. 专家; 行家
adj. 熟练的; 内行的; 老练的
15. unique adj. 独特的, 稀罕的; 独一无二的
16. passive adj. 被动的, 消极的
17. press vt. &vi. 催促, 逼迫, 按, 压, 挤, 推
n. 报刊; 杂志
18. adventure n. 冒险; 冒险精神; 奇遇, 经历
19. flexible adj. 灵活的; 柔韧的; 易弯曲的
20. gather vi. 聚集; 集合 vt. 收集; 聚集
21. volunteer vi. & vt. 自愿; 义务做; 主动建议或告诉
22. figure n. 数字; 人物; 身材; 体形
23. response n. 响应; 反应; 回复
24. argue vi. 争论, 辩论vt. 辩论, 争论, 论证; 说理
→argument n. 论证; 论据; 争吵
25. anxious adj. 焦虑的; 担忧的; 渴望的; 急切的
→anxiety n. 焦虑; 渴望
26. anger n. 怒火, 愤怒
→angry adj. 生气的; 愤怒的
27. mental adj. 精神的; 脑力的; 思想的
→mentality n. 心态; 智力; 精神力
→mentally adv. 精神上, 智力上; 心理上
28. desire n. & vt. 欲望; 要求; 渴望
→desirable adj. 值得拥有的, 令人向往的
29. regular adj. 频繁的; 有规律的
→regularly adv. 频繁地; 有规律地
30. concern n. 担心, 忧虑; 关爱 vt. 影响, 牵扯; 涉及; 使担心
→concerned adj. 有关的; 关心的
31. design n. 设计; 构思; 设计图样 vt. 设计, 构思; 计划
→designer n. 设计师; 谋划者
32. performance n. 表演; 执行; 表现
→perform vt. 执行; 完成; 演奏
33. secure adj. 安全的; 无虑的; 稳当的; 可靠的
→security n. 安全, 安全性; 保证
34. graduate vi. & vt. 毕业 n. 毕业生
→graduation n. 毕业; 毕业典礼
35. operation n. 操作; 经营; 手术
→operate vi. & vt. 运转; 操作; 动手术
短
语
1. see eye to eye with sb. (on sth. )
(在某事上)与某人看法一致
2. shoot up 快速长高; 蹿个儿
3. calm down 平静下来; 镇定下来
4. from one’s point of view 从某人的角度、观点来看
5. think sth. through 充分考虑, 全盘考虑
6. back down 承认错误; 认输
7. cheer up 使变得高兴; 振奋起来
8. be on sb’s back about sth. 缠磨; 烦扰
9. draw sth. out of sth. 提取; 支取
10. depend upon 取决于; 依赖; 依靠
句
式
结
构
1. It 作形式主语, 不定式作真正的主语
It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too.
平衡你不断发展的精神需求也是一件让人头疼的事。
2. both. . . and. . . 引导并列结构
You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents’ love and support.
你既对独立有新的渴望, 又一直需要父母的爱和支持。
3. that 引导表语从句
The good news is that this stormy period will not last.
好消息是, 这一风暴期不会持续太久。
4. It is likely that. . . 句式
It is likely that the matter has already been discussed on our forum.
这件事可能已经在我们的论坛上讨论过了。
5. There’s no point in doing sth. 句式
There’s no point in comparing you with others all the time.
总和别人比较是没有意义的。
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