【期中知识点归纳】 （人教版2019）2023-2024学年高一上册英语 必修1 Unit 5 Languages Around the World 知识点归纳 试卷.zip

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Unit 5　Languages Around the World






Unit5
话题
语言学习
词汇
billion ，native ，attitude ，system ，despite，factor ，means，classic ，regard
，character ，calligraphy ，affair ，struggle ，subway ，apartment ，gap ，vocabulary
短语
refer to,ups and downs,date back (to...),no matter where，who，what，etc.
,point of view,relate to
句型
1.It was a time when...这/那是一个……的时期
2.“be of＋抽象名词”结构
3.No matter how/what/when...，引导让步状语从句
4.“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”
5.have sb do sth让某人做某事
语法
限制性定语从句(2)
写作
有关英语学习问题的博客


考点1. native adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人
[教材原句]　Listen to a speech and tick the two languages with the most native speakers.
听一个演讲，在母语使用人数最多的两种语言前打钩。
【拓展】
be native to...　　　原产于……
a native of... ……本地人；原产于……的动物或植物
【写作佳句】
The athlete speaks English well，for English is his native language.那个运动员英语说得很流利，因为英语是他的母语。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①The researcher says the tiger is native India.
②Is her uncle a native Shanghai, or just a visitor?
【答案】1.to 2.of
考点2. attitude n．态度；看法
[教材原句]　What is the attitude of the speaker towards foreign language learning?
说话者对外语学习的态度是什么？
【拓展】
have/take a(n)．..attitude to/towards...对……持/采取……的态度
【写作佳句】
We each should develop a positive attitude to life.我们每个人都应该培养积极的人生态度。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①It was your bad attitude your life that made your parents angry.
【答案】1.towards/to
考点3. refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅
[教材原句]　Pronouns (it, they, she, etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier.
代词(it, they, she等)指的是前面提到的人或事。
【拓展】
(1)refer...to...　把……提交给……；让(人)参考……
refer to...as... 把……称作……
(2)reference n. 提及，涉及；参考，参考书目；指称关系
【写作佳句】
He had been well prepared for his speech so that he didn’t refer to his notebook while delivering his speech.他已经为他的演讲做了充分的准备，所以他在演讲时没有看笔记本。
【经典练】语境辨义/单句语法填空
①Since the boy has been punished，please don’t refer to that matter again.
②If you don’t know the exact meaning of the word, you may refer to the dictionary.
③When I said some people were stupid I wasn’t referring to you.
④They always refer to the shy teenager a book worm.
⑤Here is a brochure for your (refer) when you answer the phones.
【答案】1.提到2.查阅3.指的是4.as 5.reference
[名师点津]　“查字典”的常用短语小结：
①look up...in the dictionary
②refer to the dictionary
考点4. based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的
[教材原句]　At the beginning，written Chinese was a picture－based language.汉字在最初是一种基于图形的语言。
【拓展】
(1)base vt.　以……为据点；以……为基础n. 底部；根据
base...on/upon... 把……建立在……的基础上
be based on/upon... 以……为基础
(2)basic adj. 基础的；基本的
【写作佳句】
One should always base his opinion on facts.一个人应该始终以事实为依据发表自己的观点。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①The film is very popular because it is based a real person.
②They have to have a (base) understanding of computers in order to use the technology.
【答案】1.on/upon2.basic
【教考衔接】
1.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)
2.队员们需要每天放学之后接受训练，并且定期被提供机会去观摩乒乓球赛。(2019·全国Ⅲ，应用文之邀请信)
Team members need to receive training after school every day and are also offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions on a regular basis.
考点5. variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化
[教材原句]　Over the years，the system developed into different forms，as it was a time when people were divided geographically，leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成了不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，从而导致不同的方言和汉字变体的产生。
【拓展】
a variety of/varieties of　各种各样的
various adj. 各种各样的；不同的
【写作佳句】
As our new stadium is equipped with modern facilities, we can organize a variety of activities in it.
因为我们学校新体育馆配备了现代化的设施，因此我们可以在体育馆里举办各种各样的活动。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①There are (variety) of reasons in favor of my opinion that a Chinese dictionary shouldn’t include English words.
②It is a pity that some people can’t go back home at the Spring Festival for (vary) reasons.
【答案】1.varieties 2.various
[名师点津]　a variety of (varieties of)既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词，该短语修饰可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
考点6. major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 vi.主修；专门研究 n．主修课程；主修学生
[教材原句]　Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.秦始皇统一七个诸侯国后，在这个统一的国家里，汉字开始朝着一个方向发展。
【拓展】
major in　主修……
majority n. 大部分；大多数
the majority of 大多数……
【写作佳句】
As far as I know，Mary is majoring in French at Stanford University.据我所知，玛丽正在斯坦福大学专攻法语。
【经典练】语境辨义
①I guessed that there was probably a major misunderstanding.
②Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll.
③The volunteer was a native of Beijing and majored in history at college.
④Her major is French while mine is engineering.
【答案】1.大的2.重要的3.主修4.主修课程
【教考衔接】
1.However，the majority(major) of people are effective speakers because they train to be.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
2.有些人中途放弃了，但是大部分参赛者都成功跑到了终点。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，写作)
Some people gave up halfway，but the majority of the participants made it to the finishing line.
考点7. means n．方法；方式；途径
[教材原句]
Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。
【拓展】
by this means　　　通过这种方法
by means of 借助……手段；依靠……方法
by no means 绝不；无论如何也不；一点都不 (置于句首时，句子要部分倒装)
【写作佳句】
By no means will I give in to the challenge.我绝不向挑战低头。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①Only this means is it possible to persuade him out of smoking.
②Every means (have) been used to calm the woman down.
【答案】1.by 2.has
[名师点津]　means用作“方式；方法”时，单复数同形。
考点8. regard n．尊重；关注；问候；致意 vt.把……视为；看待
[教材原句]The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form，known as Chinese calligraphy，which has become an important part of Chinese culture.中国人对其书写体系推崇备至，这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——书法。书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。
【拓展】

【写作佳句】
I know you show great interest in ping－pong, which is regarded as the National Ball of China.
我知道你对乒乓球很感兴趣，它被认为是中国的国球。
【经典练】语境辨义
①Mike had high regard for his old law professor.
②Please give my best regards to your parents.
③Lincoln is regarded as one of the most inspiring people in the world.
④The teenager has no regard for other people’s feelings.
【答案】1.尊重2.致意3.把……视为4.关注
考点9. appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会 vi.增值
[教材原句]　As China plays a greater role in global affairs，an increasing number of international students are beginning to appreciate China’s culture and history through this amazing language.
随着中国在全球事务中扮演着更为重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉语这一奇妙的语言了解和欣赏中国的文化和历史。
【拓展】
(1)appreciate doing sth　　喜欢/感激做某事
I would appreciate it if... 如果……我将不胜感激
(2)appreciation n. 欣赏；感激
【写作佳句】
Chinese calligraphy has been appreciated by a lot of people outside China.中国书法已经被许多国外人士欣赏。
【经典练】语境辨义/单句语法填空
①Many people can’t fully appreciate the importance of regular exercise.
②I appreciate being given the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
③His talents aren’t appreciated by his boss，which made him annoyed.
④Their investments have appreciated over the years.
【答案】1.重视2.感激3.欣赏4.增值
考点10. date back to(＝date from)始于……；追溯到……(后接时间点)
[教材原句]　It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu...它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期……
【拓展】

【写作佳句】
As far as I know, the old town dates from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.据我所知，这个古老的城镇可追溯到初唐时期。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①On top of the mountain stands an ancient temple (date) back to the Tang Dynasty.
②The skills of cooking in China can date thousands of years.
【答案】1.dating2.back
[名师点津]　date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。在句中作定语时，常用现在分词形式。
考点11. struggle n．&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗
[教材原句]When I started studying German，it was a struggle.当我开始学德语时，真是一件令人棘手的事情。
【拓展】
struggle for　为争取……而斗争；为……而努力
struggle with 与……斗争；与……并肩作战
struggle against 与……斗争；为反对……而斗争
struggle to do sth 努力做某事
【写作佳句】
Without any struggle, there is no progress.没有奋斗就没有进步。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①They suffered a heavy drought this year.They had to struggle a living.
②Many teenagers will struggle (find) a sense of belonging.
【答案】1.for 2.to find
考点12. equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的
[教材原句]　If I’m talking to a close friend，I can use short requests，like “Open the window”—our relationship is close and we’re equals，so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.
如果我是跟一位亲密的朋友说话，我可以用简短的请求，如“打开窗户”，这是因为我们关系亲密，彼此平等，所以我只需要说几个字就能让对方明白我的意思。
【拓展】
(1)be equal to...in...　　在……方面与……相等
be equal to sth/doing sth 等于……；与……相等；胜任做某事
(2)be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比
(3)equally adv. 相等地；同样地
【写作佳句】
Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.当你读故事的时候，有一个令人意外的结尾是再高兴不过的事了。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①I don’t think he is equal to (do) this kind of work.
②As far as I’m concerned, men and women must be treated (equal) in education.
【答案】1.doing2.equally
考点13. demand n．需求；要求 vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问
[教材原句]　But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me，I must make my request longer—and I must make it a question，not a demand...但是，如果我是跟不太亲近的人说话，那么我就得把我的请求说得长一些——我得把它变成一个疑问句，而不是一个要求……
【拓展】
(1)be in (great) demand　 (迫切)需求
(2)demand to do sth 要求做某事
demand of sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
demand that...要求……(从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)
【写作佳句】
The volunteers will try their best to meet the demands of the audience.志愿者们会尽全力满足观众的要求。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①First, science graduates are greater demand than art ones in China.
②My father came down and demanded (know) what was going on.
【答案】1.in 2.to know
【教考衔接】
Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激)，demanding jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.(2020·浙江卷)
考点14. description n．描写(文字)；形容
[教材原句]　Does the writer give a clear description of the problem?作者是否清楚地描述了这个问题？
【拓展】
(1)beyond description　无法形容，难以描述
give a description of... 描写/描述……
(2)describe vt. 描述；形容；描绘
【写作佳句】
He gave us a short description of the city.他给我们简短地介绍了这个城市。
【经典练】单句语法填空
①It is difficult (describe) how I feel now.
②The beautiful sight of Mount Huang ．黄山的美景是无法形容的。
【答案】1.to describe2.is beyond description
考点15. relate vt.联系；讲述
[教材原句]　Does each sentence relate to the main idea？每个句子都与主旨有关吗？
【拓展】
(1)relate to　与……相关；涉及；谈到
(2)related adj. 有关的
be related to 与……有关
(3)relation n. 关系；联系
【写作佳句】
The position calls for related experience in the field and good skills at using computers.这个岗位需要该领域相关的经验和熟练使用电脑。
【经典练】语境辨义/单句语法填空
①We shall discuss the problem as it relates to our specific case.
②The second paragraph relates to the situation in Scotland.
③What he stressed was (relate) to teenagers’ education.
【答案】1.涉及2.谈到3.related
考点16. Over the years, the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.在随后的年代里，这一体系发展成了不同的形式，这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔，从而导致不同的方言和汉字变体的产生。
【拓展】
[句型公式]　It was a time when...这/那是一个……的时期
There was a time when...曾有一段时间……
【经典练】
① China experienced very big transformations.
那是一个中国经历了很大变化的时代。
② I didn’t get along well with my classmates.
有一段时间我和同学们相处得不好。
③ I hated to go to school.有一段时间我讨厌上学。
【答案】1.It was a time when2.There was a time when3.There was a time when
考点17. That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.这个书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。
【拓展】
[句型公式]　“be of＋抽象名词”结构
be of great＝be very
【经典练】
①The Nobel Prize to Chinese medicine.这项诺贝尔奖对中国的医学很重要。
②His opinion is considered to be of great value.他的意见被认为很有价值。
③这本词典对中学生很有用。
→This dictionary middle school students.
→This dictionary middle school students.
【答案】1. is of great importance 2.of 3. is of great use to,is very useful to
考点18. Even today, no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak, they can all still communicate in writing.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言，中国人仍然能通过书写(汉字)进行交流。
【拓展】
[句型公式]　No matter how/what/when...，引导让步状语从句。
在让步状语从句中，No matter how/what/when/who/whom/where...可以转换成
however/whatever/whenever/whoever/whomever/wherever...
【经典练】
① I am, I will always remember I am a Chinese.
不管我身在何方，我都会记住自己是一个中国人。
②No matter difficult it is，I’m going to finish the work ahead of time.
无论有多难，我打算提前完成工作。
③No matter you are, you must obey the law.
不论你是谁，你都要遵纪守法。
④你无论遇到什么困难，都必须继续做下去。
→You have to go on ．
→You have to go on .
【答案】1.No matter where2.how 3.who 4.no matter what difficulties you meet,whatever difficulties you meet
考点19.The more I learnt of a language，the more my brain would grow.我对一门语言学得越多，我的智力就增长得越快。
【拓展】
[句型公式]　“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”
(1)“the＋比较级(...), the＋比较级(...)”结构中，第一个“the＋比较级”是表示条件的状语从句，在表示将来意义的情况下，从句用一般现在时表示将来。
(2)比较级＋比较级，意为“越来越……”
【经典练】
① he explained, confused I became.
他越解释我就越迷惑。
②The more careful you are，the (few) mistakes you will make.
你越仔细，就越少犯错误。
③The girl is becoming hard－working.
这个女孩越来越努力了。
④ ， you will make.你越努力工作，取得的进步就越大。
【答案】1.The more,The more2.fewer 3. more and more4.The harder you work，the greater progress
考点20. Don’t you like to have somebody tell you if the pants look good or not？你不喜欢让别人告诉你这些短裤是否好看吗？
【拓展】
[句型公式]　have sb do sth意为：让某人做某事
have sb/sth doing sth　使某人/某物一直做某事
won’t/can’t have sb doing sth 不能容忍某人做某事；不允许某人做某事
have sth done 请别人做某事；使某事被做
have sth to do 有事情要做
【经典练】
①We will more flowers and trees.我们要让园丁种更多的花和树。
②He had me (wait) for him for two hours，which made me annoyed.他让我等了两个小时，让我很是气恼。
③I won’t have you (speak) to your father like that in future.今后我不许你再像那样跟你父亲讲话。
④Jack needs to have his apartment (repair)．杰克需要找人把他的公寓修理一下。
【答案】1.have the gardener plant 2.waiting3.speaking4.repaired

一．语法精讲——限制性定语从句(2)
思维导图




1．It was a time when people were divided geographically.
2．Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
3．There are many reasons why this has been possible, but one of the main factors has been the Chinese writing system.
4．These were animal bones and shells on which symbols were carved by ancient Chinese people.
5．It was in 1952 and Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.

一、关系副词引导的定语从句
当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。关系副词的指代及功能如下：
关系副词
先行词
功能
when
表示时间的名词
时间状语
where
表示地点的名词
地点状语
why
reason
原因状语
1.when 引导的定语从句
when表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during ...＋which”结构。
I will never forget the day when I first saw you.
＝I will never forget the day on which I first saw you.我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。
2．where引导的定语从句
where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on ...＋which”。
After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town in which he grew up as a child.
在巴黎生活了50年后，他回到了儿时成长的那个小镇。
I’d like to live in the house where there is plenty of sunshine.我喜欢住在那个阳光充足的房子里。
[名师点津]　当先行词为situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词，且引导词在定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。
They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。
3．why引导的定语从句
why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for＋which”结构。
Unsuccessful people can always find reasons why they’re not doing well.
＝Unsuccessful people can always find reasons for which they’re not doing well.
不成功的人总能找到自己表现不好的理由。
【经典练】用适当的关系副词填空
①This is the place we held a party last week.
②We will never forget the day we met for the first time.
③I don’t know the reason he didn’t turn to his good friend for help yesterday.
【答案】1.where 2.when 3.why
[名师点津]　表示时间、地点及原因的名词作先行词时，定语从句可用关系代词引导，也可用关系副词引导。若先行词在定语从句中作状语，应用关系副词；若先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，则应用关系代词。
These are the reasons why we do it.这些就是我们这样做的理由。
I don’t believe the reason (that/which) he gave me for his being late.
我不相信他给出的迟到的理由。(定语从句中缺少宾语，所以用which/that或省略，不用why)
【经典练】选词填空： that, which, when, where, why
①I still remember the days we chatted with each other all night.
②I still remember the days we spent together on the farm.
③I don’t know the reason he dropped out of college.
④I won’t listen to the reason you have given us.
⑤Last Sunday, we went to a centre many elderly people lived.
【答案】1.when 2.that/which 3.why 4.that/which5.where
二、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，我们通常用“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句。如果指“人”，用
“介词＋whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词＋which”；关系代词有时也用whose(作定语)。选用介词的依据：
1．根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
Yesterday we visited the West Lake for which Hangzhou is famous.(be famous for “因……而出名”)
昨天我们参观了西湖，杭州因其而出名。
2．根据先行词的搭配习惯(约定俗成，不一定是短语)。
This is the camera with which he often takes photos.(with camera“用照相机”)
这就是他经常用来拍照的相机。
3．根据句子的意思来选择。
The colorless gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.
这种无色的、离开它我们就无法生存的气体被称为氧气。
[名师点津]　在定语从句中，有一些含介词的动词短语不可拆开使用，如look after, look for等不能把介词移至which或whom之前。
The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.(正)
The babies after whom the nurses are looking are very healthy.(误)
护士们正在照顾的这些婴儿都非常健康。
【经典练】同义句转换
①I’ll never forget the day when I joined the Party.
→I’ll never forget the day I joined the Party.
②The reason for which he refused the invitation is not clear.
→The reason he refused the invitation is not clear.
③The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
→The house I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
【答案】1.on which 2.why 3.in which
二．写作精讲——有关英语学习问题的博客

一、黄金写作模板

二、写作格式
1．正式的博客：文章包括标题、日期、分类和正文。
2．非正式的博客：没有标题、日期和分类，只有正文。
三、写作语言特点
1．时态多用一般现在时和一般过去时。
2．语言要诚恳，提供的建议要有实用性。
3．语言具有互动性。

一、常用词汇
1．give sb some advice on how to learn English就如何学习英语给某人一些建议
2．an official language　官方语言
3．make mistakes 犯错误
4．take part in an English Corner 参加英语角
5．communicate with sb in English 用英语与某人交流
6．written English 书面英语
7．spoken/oral English 口语英语
8．keep a diary in English 用英语写日记
9．have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth在做某事方面有困难
10．listening skills 听力技巧
二、常用句式
1．I’m glad to read your blog asking for my advice on how to improve English listening skills.
我很高兴读了你向我征求关于如何提高英语听力技巧的建议的博客。
2．First of all，I think we should memorize as many words as possible，especially their pronunciation.
首先，我认为我们应该记住尽可能多的单词，尤其是它们的发音。
3.What’s more，we can also do some listening exercises.
更重要的是，我们还可以做一些听力练习。
4．We are supposed to learn English well because having a good command of English means more opportunities in the future.
我们理应学好英语，因为精通英语意味着在将来有更多的机会。
5．Don’t worry if you have any trouble (in) studying Chinese，and just take your time.
学汉语有困难时不要着急，慢慢来。
6．Keeping a diary is an effective way to improve writing.
记日记是提高写作水平的一个有效方法。

假设你是李华，你在网上看到李明发的帖子，他说他的英语口语不好，希望得到大家的帮助，你给他回帖。内容要点提示：
1．给李明提建议；
2．你练习英语口语的成功方法；
3．你在英语学习中遇到的困难并请求帮助。
第一步：审题谋篇
体裁
应用文
人称
第一、二人称为主
时态
一般现在时为主
框架
首段：针对李明的问题提出建议
中段：自己的问题
尾段：求助
第二步：要点翻译
1．我过去常常遇到这样的问题。(used to do)
I used to meet such a problem.
2．现在我英语说得很好。
Now I speak English well.
3．当我回放它时，我比较那些演讲者的发言和我的发音。(play...back, compare...with...)
When I play it back, I compare the pronunciation of the speakers with mine.
4．我尽可能经常地在公共场合练习说英语。
I practice speaking English in public as often as possible.
5．这帮助我获得自信和流利的英语。(gain)
It helps me gain confidence and fluency.
6．我知道大多数单词的意思。
I know the meanings of most words.
7．我不能理解整个句子。
I can’t understand the whole sentence.
第三步：词句升级
1．用but连接要点1和要点2
I used to meet such a problem but now I speak English well.
2．用现在分词作状语改写要点3
Playing it back,I compare the pronunciation of the speakers with mine.
3．以要点4为主句，把要点5改为which引导的非限制性定语从句
I practice speaking English in public as often as possible, which helps me gain confidence and fluency.
4．把要点6改为though引导的状语从句；要点7为主句
Though I know the meanings of most words, I can’t understand the whole sentence.
第四步：连句成篇
Hi, Li Ming！How to improve your spoken English is really a problem.I used to meet such a problem but now I speak English well.I listen to spoken English every day and record my own speech.Playing it back, I compare the pronunciation of the speakers with mine and correct my wrong pronunciation.Besides, I practice speaking English in public as often as possible, which helps me gain confidence and fluency.
However, I have trouble in reading.Though I know the meanings of most words, I can’t understand the whole sentence.
Any advice？


billion n．十亿
【联想】 hundred 百；thousand 千；million 百万
native adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的n.本地人
【搭配】 be native to...原产于……
attitude n．态度；看法

【搭配】 attitude towards/to对……的态度
reference n．指称关系；参考

【联想】 refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于
【搭配】 refer to指的是；描述；提到；查阅
despite prep.即使；尽管

【联想】 in spite of 尽管；不管
based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的

【搭配】 be based on建立在……基础上；以……为基础
【联想】 base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据
date back(to...)追溯到
【联想】 date from 追溯到
variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化

【搭配】 a variety of/varieties of各种各样的
【联想】 various adj. 各种各样的
vary vi. 变化；不同vt. 变更；改变
major adj.主要的；重要的；大的n.主修课程；主修学生
vi.主修；专门研究
【搭配】 major in　　主修
【联想】 majority n. 大多数
means n．方式；方法；途径

【搭配】 by means of 通过；用/借助于……的方法/手段
by this/that means 用这/那种方法
regard n．尊重；关注vt.把……视为；看待
【搭配】 with regard to关于；至于
regard...as... 把……当作……
global adj.全球的；全世界的
【联想】 globe n. 地球；地球仪
appreciate vt.欣赏；重视；感激；领会vi.增值
【联想】 appreciation n．欣赏；感激；感谢
specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的
【搭配】 be specific to 对……来说是特有的
to be specific 明确地说，确切地说
struggle n．&vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗

【搭配】 struggle for... 为……而斗争
struggle against 与……作斗争
struggle with 和……一起奋斗
beg vt.恳求；祈求；哀求
beggar n. 乞丐
equal n．同等的人；相等物adj.相同的；同样的

【搭配】 be equal to sth/doing sth　等于/能胜任做某事
be without equal/have no equal 无匹敌者；首屈一指
【联想】 equally adv. 同样地；相等地
demand n．要求；需求vt.强烈要求；需要vi.查问

【搭配】 in (great) demand有很大需求；广受欢迎
demand sth of sb 向某人要某物
demand to do sth 要求做某事
description n．描写(文字)；形容

【搭配】 beyond description无法描述；无法形容
【联想】 describe vt. 记述；描述
relate vt.联系；讲述

【搭配】 relate to　　与……相关；涉及；谈到
【联想】 relation n. 关系




1．To have another language is to possess a second soul.掌握另一门语言就拥有了第二个灵魂。
2．A man who does not know a foreign language is ignorant of his own.—Goethe
一个不懂得外语的人，也不会真正了解自己的母语。——歌德
3．Learning any language takes a lot of effort，but don't give up.学习任何语言都需要下很大功夫，但不要放弃。
4．Language shapes the way we think and determines what we can think about.语言塑造了我们思考的方式，决定了我们能想到什么内容。
5．Words are the leaves of the tree of language，of which，if some fall away，a new succession takes their place.文字是语言树上的叶子，如果其中一些掉了，新的就会取而代之。

What is poetry？Who knows?
Not a rose，but the scent(气味) of the rose；
Not the sky，but the light of the sky；
Not the fly，but the gleam of the fly；
Not the sea，but the sound of sea；
Not myself，but what makes me
See，hear and feel something that prose
Cannot：and what it is，who knows?
什么是诗歌?有谁知道呢?
并不是一朵玫瑰,但却比玫瑰更芬芳；
不是天空,但却比天空更明亮；
不是飞鸟,但却比飞鸟更易逝；
不是海洋,但却比海洋更喧嚣；
不是我自己,但却造就了我.
看一看,听一听,去感受那散文中所没有的,
它到底是什么呢/有谁知道?