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    这是一份高考英语一轮复习基础过关练习专题11并列连词和状语从句 (含解析),共26页。试卷主要包含了并列连词,并列句, 引导的时间状语从句,since引导的时间状语从句,比较状语从句,方式状语从句等内容,欢迎下载使用。

    专题11并列连词和状语从句(学与练)
    学并列连词与并列句
    一、并列连词
    1.表示并列关系的连词:
    and: 可用来连接两个或两个以上的单词/短语或句子,表示一种顺接的关系。
    We are singing and they are dancing.
    or:用于否定句中连接并列成分,表示"和,与";
    用于"祈使句+or+陈述句"中,意为"否则,要不然"。
    The baby is too young. He can’t speak or walk.
    both…and:"两个都……",连接两个并列主语时谓语动词用复数。
    Both Li Ping and Mary are going to the Great Wall tomorrow.
    either…or…:"要么……要么",连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常与or后的部分保持一致。
    Either she or I am right.
    neither…nor: "既不……也不……",连接的并列成分可在句中作主语、表语、宾语等。连接并列成分作主语时,谓语动词通常与nor后的部分保持一致。
    Neither he nor I am right.
    not only…but also: "不仅……而且……",强调后者;引导并列主语时,谓语动词与后面的主语保持一致。
    Not only the students but also the teacher gives the money to our school.
    2. 表示转折关系的并列连词
    but
    "但是",所连接的成分意思相反或相对。
    Our school is small but beautiful.
    while
    "然而,可是",表对比。
    He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.
    yet
    "但是,然而",用于转折。
    I have failed, yet I shall try again. 我失败了,但我还要尝试。
    3. 表示因果关系的并列连词
    "由于,因为",表示原因,不能放在句首,也不能单独使用;for引导的从句不能位于not,but或任何连词之后。
    The days were short, for it was now December.

    for:

    "因此,所以",表示结果,so不能和because连用。
    There were no buses, so I came by bicycle.


    so:

    4. 其他常用并列连词
    when:"就在那时",常用句型:
    be about to do…when…
    be going to do…when…
    be doing…when…
    ►I was about to leave when the telephone rang.
    二、并列句
    并列句由两个或者两个以上独立分句并列在一起构成, 起基本结构是 分句加并列连词加分句。
    在并列句中, 除了使用并列连词以外还可以使用并列连词词组, 或者连接副词来连接分句,有时甚至不用并列连词, 只用逗号. 分号. 冒号等把分句隔开。
    常用的并列连词有:and , but , or, for, so , neither, nor …
    并列连词词组有:either…or, neither…nor, both…and, as well as, not only…but also…
    连接副词有:besides, furthermore, moreover …
    1. 表示联合关系
    常用and , neither…nor, not only…but also 等连词
    There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.
    I can neither write songs nor play the guitar.
    2. 表示选择关系
    常用or, either …or 等连词
    We cook a dinner together, or we go for a long walk.
    …either one of his daughters replaces him as a prisoner in the castle, or he will die. …
    3. 表示转折和对比关系
    常用yet, but, however, while 等
    but表示完全转折, 语气较强。 while主要表示对比。 however在使用时必须用逗号把它和句子其他成分隔开。 yet既可以用作并列连词也可以用作连接副词。
    Some sports are done indoors, while others are done outdoors.
    They wanted to charge ﹩5,000 for the car, but we managed to bring the price down.
    In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise their children.
    One can not see wind, however, it does exist.
    I’d like to go with you ; however , my hands are full.
    The essay is good; it could be improved ,however.
    He worked hard, yet he failed .(并列连词)
    It is strange, and yet it is true. (连接副词)
    4. 表示因果关系
    常用so, for,therefore等连接词
    I didn’t get enough sleep so I didn’t feel very well this morning.
    It was raining, therefore we had to stay at home.
    He found it increasingly difficult to read , for his eyesight was brginning to fail.
    5. 表示条件或者结果
    常用and或者or等连词
    Simply raise your hand , and a taxi appears in no time.
    Don’t drive too fast or you will have an accident .
    Stand over there and you will see the oil painting better.
    You have to move out of the way or the truck can’t get past.
    6. 表示递进关系
    常用besides, furthermore,moreover等连接副词。
    Television is entertaining; besides/furthermore/moreover, it is instructive.
    并列句固定句型
    注意:
    1.包含并列连词的特殊句式。
    (1)祈使句,and/or+主谓结构。
    (2)名词短语,and+主谓结构。
    (3).be about to...when...正要……这时突然……
    Climb to the top of the mountain,and you'll get a good view of the city.
    Hurry up,or you'll be late.
    Another five minutes,and I'll finish the composition.
    A few minutes and they went away.
    He was about to go out when it began to rain heavily.
    2.however,but,while的用法比较。
    however另起新句,有逗号与句子隔开。but不需另起新句。while既表示对比,又表转折。
    He was ill,but he still kept on working.
    What she said sounded reasonable,Mr. Green,however,didn't believe her. 她说得有道理,然而,格林先生就是不信她。
    There is plenty of rain in the south while there is little rain in the north. 南方多雨而北方少雨。
    3.(1) so不能与because连用。
    (2)but,while不与although连用,但yet,still可与although连用

    学状语从句
    作状语的句子为状语从句,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时,常用逗号隔开;放在主句之后时,一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。引导状语从句的连词归纳如下:
    从句
    连词
    时间状语从句

    when, while, as, whenever, till, until,before, after, by the time, the first time ,as soon as, the moment, each time, since,no sooner ...than... immediately等
    地点状语从句
    where,wherever, everywhere 等
    条件状语从句
    if, unless, providing, as long as, on condition that, in case, if only等
    让步状语从句
    though, although, even if/even though,as, while, whatever, however, no matter +疑问词等
    原因状语从句
    because, since, as, now that, seeing that,considering that, in that, given that 等
    目的状语从句
    that, so that(为了),lest, in case, for fear that, in order that等
    结果状语从句
    so that(因此),so...that ..such…that..等
    比较状语从句
    方式状语从句
    as...as.... ,than等
    as if/as though, (just)as 等
    考点一、 时间状语从句
    一、when/while/as引导的时间状语从句
    1. when引导的时间状语从句
    1. when引导的时间状语从句,其动词既可以是延续性动作的动词,也可以是瞬间性动作的动词,而且可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,或者从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。
    When you apply for a job, you must present your credentials. 当你申请工作时,你必须递交你的有关证件。(同时)
    When the students heard the teacher’s footsteps, they all atopped talking. 当学生们听到老师的脚步声时,他们都停止了讲话。(从句动作发生在前)
    2. when还可表示just then(正在那时,突然)的意思,此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后。
    be about to do ... when ... 正要去做某事,突然……
    be doing ... when ... 正在做某事,突然……
    be on the point of doing ... when ... 正在做某事,突然……
    We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要动身,突然天下起雨来。
    The game had hardly/scarcely/barely begun when it started raining. 比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。
    2. while引导的时间状语从句
    while表示"在某一段时间里"或"在……期间",其所引导的从句的动作是延续性的,并侧重表示和主句的动作同时发生。
    When the teacher paraphrased the text in English, the students listened attentively and took notes. 当老师用英语解释课文时,学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。
    I can learn while I work. 我可以边工作边学习。
    1. as引导的时间状语从句
    as引导的时间状语从句其动词的动作是延续性的,而且侧重表示主句和从句的动作交替或同时发生,译为"一边……,一边……"或"随着……"。
    We were having breakfast as she was combing her hair. 她梳头时我们在吃早饭。
    It will warm up a little bit on Sunday as the cold front passes. 寒流一过,星期日就会有点暖意了。
    二、before引导的时间状语从句
    1、before的常见意思
    1). before"在……之前"。
    I have finished my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad. 在我的导师出国之前,我已完成了我的学位论文。
    I’ll be back before you have left. 你离开之前我就会回来。
    2). before"……之后才"。
    It may be many years before we meet again. 可能要过许多年我们才能再见了。
    It was three days before he came back. 他三天后才回来。
    3). before "尚未来得及 "
    Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 她还没有来得及动弹,就听见有很响的声音,接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。 
    Before they reached the house, a new great wave came, sweeping down trees, and sweeping them down too. 他们还没到屋子,又一个巨浪打来,冲倒了树,也冲倒了他们。 
    4). before "要……先……"
    You should be a pupil before you become a teacher. 要当老师,先作学生。 
    5). before"趁……"
    You should do it before it is too late. 趁现在还不算太晚,你应该赶快做它。
    2. 掌握热点句型用法
    1). it was(not)/had done+一段时间+before(vt-ed)…"还要过多久才……(不多久就……了)"
    It was not long before he returned to Beijing. 不久他就回到北京。 
    It was long before he married Wei Fang. 过了很久他才娶魏芳。 
    2).it will(not)be+一段时间+before(一般式)… "还要过多久才……(不多久就……了)"
    It will be long before he goes abroad. 要过很久他才出国。 
    3.there is +一段时间+to go(=left)+before(一般式)... "在……之前"
    4.long before "不久前", 用于一般过去时和完成时中;before long = soon/not long after "不久后",用于一般将来时和一般过去时中。
    三、as soon as/once/directly/the instant等引导的时间状语从句
    as soon as 是最常见的表示"一……就……"的从属连词,其他连词还有once(一旦),directly(老式英国英语),immediately(主要用于英国英语),instantly,the instant (that),the minute(that) ,the moment(that)等,它们通常都可与as soon as换用。
    As soon as we got home, the telephone rang. 我们一到家,电话就响了。
    I recognized her immediately I saw her. 我一看见她就认出她来了。
    Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet. 老师一进来,大家就静了下来。
    四、 hardly...when/no sooner...than引导的时间状语从句
    hardly/barely/scarcely...when和no sooner...than的意思是"刚……就",它们所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。
    He had no sooner (no sooner had he) arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚一到家,就又要他出另一次差。
    ★ hardly/barely/scarcely和no sooner置于句首时,从句要倒装。
    No sooner had the words been spoken than he realized that he should have remained silent. 这些话刚一出口,他就意识到自己应该保持沉默。
    五、since引导的时间状语从句
    在含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时,主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时。
    We’ve never met since we graduated from the college. 大学毕业后我们就再没见过面。
    Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走了以后,这里发生了巨大的变化。
    六、till/until引导的时间状语从句
    till和until同义,作"直到……时(为止)"解,till多用于非正式文体,until多用于句首。
    Donald will remain in college until (till) he finishes his Ph.D course. 唐纳德将留在学校直到完成他的博士学位课程。
    I won’t go with you until (till) I finished my homework. 等我做完作业我才和你一起去。
    注意:
    not until 置于句首,主句要倒装。
    Not until 4:00 in the morning can he fall asleep.
    直到凌晨4点他才睡着。(He can’t fall asleep until 4:00 in the morning.)
    Not until he returned did we have supper.
    直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。 (We didn’t have supper until he returned.)
    七、each time/every time等引导的时间状语从句
    这类连词主要有every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(随时),(the) last time(上次),the first time(第一次), by the time(当……的时候)。如:
    You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。
    Each time I went there, I saw him working. 我每次去那儿都看见他在工作。
    Every time I see her I'll think of it. 每次我看到她,我就想起这事。
    Next time you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来,请关门。
    He didn't tell me the last time I saw him. 我上次见到他时他没告诉我。
    The first time I heard about the firm closing down was when George told me.
    我最初听到公司倒闭的消息是乔治告诉我的。
    By the time, he was taken to the hospital he was nearly dead.
    他被送到医院时已经几乎不行了。
    注意:every time, each time, any time前不用冠词,(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略,而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。
    考点二、地点状语从句
    一、where引导的地点状语从句
    1.从属连词where表示"在(或到)……的地方"。
    Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
    Put it where you found it. 把它放在原来的地方。
    2. where 在地点状语从句中,除指地点外,还可指处境等。
    He said he was happy where he was. 他说他对自己的处境很满意。
    It’s your fault that she is where she is. 她今天落到这个地步都怪你。
    3. 有时地点状语从句中的某些词可以省略。
    Fill in the blanks with the given phrases. Change the form where necessary. 用所给的短语填空,必要的地方可以改变其形式。
    Avoid structure of this kind where possible. 只要可能,就要避免这种结构。
    二、wherever引导的地点状语从句
    从属连词wherever意为"在(或到)……的各个地方"。
    You can go wherever(anywhere) you like these days. 这些天你可以去你想去的地方。
    Where (Everywhere) they went, the experts were warmly welcomed. 专家们每到一处,都受到热烈的欢迎。
    考点三、条件状语从句
    1. if引导的条件状语从句
    if可引导非真实条件状语从句(见"虚拟语气")和真实条件状语从句。
    If he said that, he can’t be telling the truth.
    如果他说了那样的话,他不可能是说实话。
    2. unless引导的条件状语从句
    unless引导的是否定条件状语从句,在意义上相当于if...not,而且语气较强,一般不用于虚拟语气。
    You’ll be late unless you hurry.
    你会迟到的,如果不赶快的话。
    3. only if引导的条件状语从句
    only if在引导条件状语从句时意为"只有……(才);只有在……的时候,唯一的条件是……"。
    I’ll let you use the car only if you keep it in good condition.
    只要你把车保养好,我就让你用。
    4. as/so long as引导的条件状语从句
    as/so long as意为"只要;如果"。
    As long as it doesn’t rain, we can play.
    只要不下雨我们就能玩。
    5. provided (that)/providing (that)引导的条件状语从句
    provided (that)/providing (that)意为"假如;如果"。
    I will agree to go provided / providing (that) my expense is paid.
    假如为我负担费用,我就同意去。
    Providing you promise not to tell anyone else I’ll explain the secret.
    假如你承诺不告诉别人,我就告诉你这个秘密。
    6. on condition that(条件是)和suppose / supposing (that)(假设;如果)也可引导条件状语从句
    I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret.
    我可以告诉你真相,条件是你答应保守秘密。
    Suppose/ Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?
    考点四、 让步状语从句
    让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种。
    一般翻译为"尽管……即使……"就是我们日常生活中用的"退一步说……"的感觉。
    引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些:though, although, as; even if, even though; whether...or...; no matter+疑问词,疑问词-ever。下面对这些连词引导的让步状语从句作一说明。
    1. although/though引导的让步状语从句
    although和though,都作"虽然;尽管"解,通常可以换用,although的语气较重。如果要强调"但是"语气,可使用yet,still或nevertheless来表示"但是"、"依然"或"然而"之意。
    Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him.
    虽然和她谈了半天,他还是不能让她信任自己。
    2. even if/even though引导的让步状语从句
    (1)even if引导的让步状语从句
    even if "即使,纵然",从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。
    Even if it rains tomorrow, we won’t change our plan. 即使明天下雨,我们也决不改变计划。
    Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment. 即使我再次失败,我也决不会放弃实验。
    (2) even though引导的让步状语从句
    even though"虽然,尽管",从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况,通常可以和although/though换用。
    Even though I didn’t understand a word, I kept smiling. 即使我一个字也不懂,我还是保持微笑。
    Even though you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你这样说,我也不信。
    3. as引导的让步状语从句
    as引导让步状语从句时,意为"尽管,虽然",从句多位于主句之前,而且必须使用倒装语序。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语,则把表语置于句首,而且名词前要省略冠词;如果从句中有修饰动词的副词,则将该副词置于句首;如果从句中有情态动词,则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。此用法与though的倒装完全一致。(although无此用法)
    Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气,但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。
    Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it. 虽然你可能很有力气,你却无法把它提起来。
    Child as he is, he is very brave.尽管他还是个孩子,但是他很勇敢。
    4. while引导的让步状语从句
    while"虽然,尽管",多用于正式文体,且多位于句首,相当于although。
    While I understand your point of view, I do not share it. 我虽了解你的观点,但不敢苟同。
    While I sympathize, I really can’t do very much to help. 虽然我很同情,但我确实帮不了什么忙。
    5. 疑问词-ever与no matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句
    (1)whatever/no matter what引导的让步状语从句
    whatever和no matter what用法相同,都作"无论什么"解,后者多用于非正式文体。
    Whatever/No matter what he says, don’t go. 不管他说什么,你都不要走。
    We are determined to fulfill the task, whatever/no matter what happens. 不管发生什么,我们决心完成这项任务。
    (2) whichever/no matter which引导的让步状语从句
    whichever和no matter which用法相同,都作"无论哪个"解,后者多用于非正式文体。
    Whichever/No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不论你买哪个,都有六个月的保修期。
    Whichever/No matter which of the two men had stolen her purse, Barbara was determined to find them. 不管是这两个人中的谁偷了她的钱包,芭芭拉都决心找到他们。
    (3)whoever/no matter who引导的让步状语从句
    whoever和no matter who用法相同,都作"无论谁"解,后者多用于非正式文体。
    You can’t come in, whoever you are. 不管你是谁,都不能进来。
    Whoever/No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him I’m busy. 不管谁要我接电话,就说我现在正忙着呢。
    (4) wherever/no matter where引导的让步状语从句
    wherever和no matter where用法相同,都作"无论在(或到)哪里"解,后者多用于非正式文体。
    Wherever/No matter where you go, I’m right here waiting for you. 无论你到哪里,我都依然在这里等着你。
    (5)however/no matter how引导的让步状语从句
    however和no matter how用法相同,都作"无论如何……"解,后者多用于非正式文体。
    However much you regret doing that, there is nothing you can do about it now. 无论你可能多么懊悔你曾经做过的事,现在也无济于事了。
    However high it may be, it can’t reach the sky. 它不论有多高,也高不到天上去。
    (6) whenever/no matter when引导的让步状语从句
    whenever和no matter when用法相同,都作"无论何时"解,后者多用于非正式文体。
    Whenever I’m unhappy, he cheers me up. 不管什么时候我不高兴,他都给我鼓劲儿。
    6. (no matter) whether...or引导的让步状语从句
    由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。如:
    You'll have to attend the ceremony whether you're free or busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要参加这个典礼。
    Whether you believe it or not, it's true.无论你是否相信,这都是真的。
    考点五、原因状语从句
    原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的,引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that(既然)等,for 表示因果关系时(它引导的不是从句)为并列连词,语气不如because强。
    1. because引导的原因状语从句
    because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由,着重点在从句,其所引导的从句,为全句句意的中心所在。通常用于回答why引出的疑问句,语气最强,除特别强调外,该从句一般位于主句后面。
    I didn’t go abroad with her because I couldn’t afford it.
    我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。
    Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time.
    不要因为时间仓促而马马虎虎。
    2. as引导的原因状语从句
    as引导的原因状语从句所引出的理由在说话人开来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要强调,从句多位于主句之前,通常可以和since换用,as语气稍弱。
    As I didn’t know the way,I asked a policeman. 我不认识路,因而问警察。
    As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain. 由于在下雪,我们不去爬山了。
    3. since引导的原因状语从句
    since表示人们已知的事实,不许强调的原因,故常译为“既然……”,通常位于主句前。since从句是次要的,重点强调主句的内容,相当于now that。
    Since traveling by air is much faster, they decided to take a plane.
    既然乘飞机旅行快得多,他们就决定坐飞机。
    Since you won’t help me,I’ll ask someone else.你既然不帮我,那我就请别人帮忙。
    4. now(that)引导的原因状语从句
    now(that)“因为;既然”,通常可以和since换用。其中that可省去,用来表示一种新的情况,再加以推论。
    Now(that) you’ve passed your test you can drive on your own.你既已考试合格,就可以独自开车了。
    I do remember,now (that) you mention it. 你这一提,我倒的确想起来了。
    考点六、目的状语从句
    1. in order that引导的目的状语从句
    in order that"为了;以便"。多用于正式文体,通常可以与so that换用。☆
    They stopped at Hangzhou in order that they could go around West Lake. 他们在杭州停了下来,以便游览西湖。
    The expert spoke slowly in order that everyone should understand. 专家讲得很慢,以便人人都能听得懂。
    2. so (that)引导的目的状语从句
    so that"为了;以便"。so that通常可以与in order that换用,它所引导的目的状语从句总是放在主句之后,在非正式文体中,常省略that。
    Speak clearly so that they may understand you. 你要讲得清楚,他们才可能听得懂。
    She wanted tea ready at seven so she could be out by eight. 她想让茶点在七点钟以前就备好,这样她八点就可以出门了。
    3. in case/for fear (that)/lest等引导的目的状语从句
    in case,for fear(that)和lest这三个从属连词都表示否定目的,意思是"以免","以防"。in case多用于英国英语,它所引导的从句中的谓语动词可以是陈述语气形式,也可以是虚拟语气形式;for fear(that)引导的从句中的谓语带有may,might,should等情态动词;lest用于正式文体,它所引导的从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气形式。
    Take your umbrella with you, lest it should rain.
    =Take your umbrella in case it rains.
    带上你的伞,以防下雨。
    He took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain. 他带了一把伞,以防下雨。
    考点七、结果状语从句
    1. so that引导的结果状语从句
    (1)so that引导的结果状语从句只能位于主句之后,中间可以有逗号。
    Suddenly it began to rain heavily, so that it was almost impossible to carry on driving. 突然下起了大雨,几乎无法继续开车。
    Linda phoned me in on arrival so that I know she was safe and sound. 琳达到达后给我打了电话,因而我知道她平安无事。
    (2)"so that"既可引导结果状语从句也可引导目的状语从句。究竟是引导的结果状语从句还是目的状语从句,除了根据句意来判断外,还可根据结构形式来加以判断。若从句前有逗号,一般为结果状语从句,如果从句中有情态动词,通常则为目的状语从句。
    They started out early, so that they didn’t miss the train. 他们早早就出发了,所以没误火车。(结果状语从句)
    They started out early so that they would not miss the train. 他们早早出发是为了不误火车。(目的状语从句)
    2. so...that引导的结果状语从句
    so...that"如此……以致",that在非正式文体中可以省略,so后面接形容词或副词。
    She spoke so fast that nobody could catch what she was saying. 她说话如此之快竟没有人听出来她在讲什么。
    There is so little time left that I have to tell you about it later. 现在剩下的时间不多了,我只好以后再给你讲这件事。
    3. such...that引导的结果状语从句
    引导结果状语从句的such...that的具体内容是:such + a/an + 形容词+名词+that从句。其中的名词可以是可数名词的单数或复数,也可以是不可数名词。such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + that从句可换成so + 形容词 + a/an + 单数名词 + that从句。
    The Japanese student made such rapid progress that he soon began to write articles in Chinese. 那个日本留学生进步很快,不久就开始用中文写文章了。
    The professor told us such a funny story that all the students laughed.
    =The professor told us so funny a story that all the students laughed.
    教授讲了个很有趣的故事,(以致于)所有的学生都笑了起来。
    4. such that引导的结果状语从句
    such that引导的结果状语从句多用于正式文体,主句为"主—系—表"句型。
    The force of the explosion was such that it blew out all the windows. 爆炸的力量很大,所有的窗户都被炸掉了。
    His anger was such that he lost control of himself. 他气得不能克制自己的感情。
    考点八、比较状语从句
    参见考点05 形容词和副词之 考向二 形容词、副词的比较级和最高级
    考点九、方式状语从句
    表示行为方式的状语从句常由as(依照……,像……一样),as if(正如……,似乎……),as though(似乎……,好像……),(just)as... so...(正如……)引导,多置于主句之后。
    1.as,(just) as... so...引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在(just) as...so...结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如……","就像",多用于正式文体。
    Always do to the others as you would be done by.
    你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待别人。
    As water is to fish, so air is to man.
    我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水。
    Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.
    正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西。
    2.as if,as though两者的意义和用法相同,引导的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大。汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的"。
    They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed.
    他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它们不存在似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
    He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
    他那样子就像被雷击了似的。(与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气。)
    It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
    看来天气很快就会好起来。(实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气。)
    练单句语法填空
    一、用适当的单词填空。
    1.Americans use a flashlight,__________ for the British, it's a torch.
    2. I used to get high marks in English, ________ now I'm having a lot of trouble with my listening.
    3.One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, ________ actually this is far from the truth.
    4.When we go shopping online, we normally check several photos_________we decide to buy a product.
    5.Follow your teacher's advice,_______you'll fail in the exam.
    6.Researchers have found, in their experiment, that a baby's cries can cause unique emotional responses in the brain, making it impossible for us to ignore them ________ we are parents or not.
    7.________ there is determination and hope, there is solution to the problems.
    8.I was having breakfast with my three children _________ water started filling my home.
    9.A new study sheds light on what’s going on inside our brains ______we match our music to our feelings.
    10.We must learn by using the language. ______we are satisfied with only a few rules we have memorized, we are not really learning the language.
    11.The fear is that ______we don’t start taking this litter out of the sky soon, it will become a significant   threat to active satellites.
    12.This could be bad news if you still primarily use cash, ______ that’s how you pay your bills or how you budget. 13.Mum was using Dad’s phone to take photos of the colorful homes along the coast _________ we saw something amazing — a killer whale.
    14.________scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.
    15. ________regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime
    16.The firefighters were about to give up rescuing _________a weak voice came out of the ruins.
    17.You won't get paid for time off __________ you have a doctor's note.
    18.We need some more facts and figures ________ we make the final decision.
    19.The Chinese have such a close relationship with tea ________ they have developed an entire “Tea Culture”.
    20.We were driving in the right lane________all of a sudden, a black car jumped out of a parking space right in front of us.
    练短文语法填空
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Text 1
    Wang Tao, founder and CEO of TAORAY WANG believes that beyond beauty, fashion is about absorbing and using social energy.   As one of ___1___ most accomplished designers in China, she brought this vision into contemporary fashion with her collection, taoray taoray.
    The taoray taoray Spring Summer 2020 ___2___ (show) for the first time on the world stage of New York Fashion Week ___3___ tradition met modernity. The ___4___ (inspire)came to fruition when taoray taoray’s design team was introduced to Yi embroidery (刺绣). The Yi ethnic group has thousands of years of history, and its splendid culture is valuable in Chinese society. Embroidery is a(n) ___5___ (remark) part of the culture, which is a symbol and treasure of Yi people's art and culture.
    In order to create the collection, Wang and her team went to Chuxiong in Yunnan Province and ___6___ (dig) into the culture and history of Yi’s craftsmanship (技艺) to gain insight into the essence and symbolism of Yi embroidery.___7___(aim) to recall tradition, the design team applied the ___8___ (pattern), colors, and techniques of Yi's culture ___9___ their contemporary fashion design, including T-shirts, jackets, shirts and other essentials.
    The taoray taoray collection ____10____(be) a reflection on how the designers are preserving culture to remind people of the beauty of tradition in daily life!
    Text 2
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Robert Owens felt ___11___ (defeat) and helpless on Sunday as he waited in Louisiana’s capital city for one of the most ___12___ (power) hurricanes ever to strike the US.
    The 27-year-old man had spent days ___13___ (anxious) watching long lines of cars leaving for safer locations as Hurricane Ida ___14___ (approach). He had hoped that his wife and two children would be among them. But leaving would have required money for gas and a hotel room—something they didn’t have.
    Out of desperation, Owens went to the bank on Saturday and applied ___15___ a payday loan. But he ___16___ (tell) he didn’t have enough credit history.
    “Our bank account is empty-we can’t afford ___17___ (leave),” he said. “A lot of us here in my neighborhood have to stay and wait, not knowing how bad it’s going to get,” he said. “It’s ___18___ terrifying feeling to think my family is getting left behind.”
    “The fact ___19___ we are not middle class or above just keeps coming back to bite us again and again, in so many different ____20____ (direction)and ways. A simple payday advance is just one of them,” he said. “It’s like we have to pay for being poor, even though we’re trying not to be poor.”
    Text 3
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    World Philosophy Day is every year on the third Thursday of November. The day is ____21____ (celebrate) the importance and role of philosophy in our lives. This year, it fell on Nov 18.
    The word “philosophy” comes from Greek, ____22____(mean)“love of wisdom". Through philosophy, we try to find answers to basic questions about the world and ____23____ (we).
    It may sound broad and profound, but in fact it arises out of our ____24____ (curious) and is shown ____25____all aspects of our daily lives. Take the turtle in Kung Fu Panda as an example. He once said that: "Yesterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery, but today is a gift. That is ____26____ it's called the present." He provides us with a new perspective of time. Can we say he is not a philosopher?
    Philosophy ____27____ (bring) great social development so far. For thousands of years, people were doing what they ____28____ (tell) to. No one questioned if it was right or wrong. ____29____2,500 years ago, Greek philosopher Socrates started to ask “Why?" and “Is this the best way?" _____30_____ (gradual), humans entered a time of active and rational (理性的) thinking.
    Text 4
    阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
    Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics souvenirs have attracted attention from collectors around the world. The mascot pin (徽章) has received notable praise for its design ____31____ reaches a record level.
    The style of the countdown (倒计时) souvenir pin collection ____32____ (think) to be unique and romantic. As for the 200-day countdown pin, the pattern features sakura (樱花) on the front and a snowflake (雪花) on the other side, showing how the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics ____33____ (follow) the Tokyo 2020 Summer Olympics. If collectors get all pins in the countdown series, they can piece them together ____34____ a shape of a big “0”, ____35____ (indicate) the countdown is over.
    Moreover, the series of ancient myth pins ____36____ (vivid) show some images in Chinese fairy tales, like Nuwa patching the sky and Kuafu chasing the sun. Only 2,022 of each myth were produced.
    Other pin ____37____ (pattern) include traditional games, for instance, the ancient Chinese ball game, cuju. Also, ice play, ____38____ old sport in North China, is displayed on a single pin.
    As the host of the 2022 Games, Beijing has told ____39____ (it) own stories to the world through these colorful pins _____40_____ (design) to welcome athletes and audiences around the world.
    练单句语法填空
    一、用适当的单词填空。
    1.【答案】while
    【解析】考查并列连词。句意:对于美国人,手电筒是flashlight,而对于英国人,手电筒是torch。空中的词表示前后为对比关系,意为“而,然而”,故填while。
    2.【答案】but
    【解析】考查连词。句意:我过去英语常常得高分,但现在我在听力方面有许多问题。分析可知,空格前说过去,空格后说现在,因此,空格处填连词,表转折。故填but。
    3.【答案】but
    【解析】考查并列句。句意:有人可能认为弗莱明是偶然发现青霉素的,但事实远非如此。此处为并列句,语意上前后两个句子之间为转折关系,只能用转折连词but连接。故填but。
    4.【答案】before
    【解析】考查连词。句意:当我们网上购物时,在决定购买产品之前,我们通常会查看几张照片。根据句意,买东西之前看照片,是时间上的先后关系,故用连词before连接,故填before。
    5.【答案】or/otherwise
    【解析】考查连词。句意:听老师的建议,否则你考试会不及格的。此句是祈使句+and/or+简单句结构,前后句是转折关系,表示“否则”用or/otherwise,故填or/otherwise。
    6.【答案】whether
    【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意:研究者们在他们的实验中发现,婴儿啼哭能够引起头脑中独特的情感反应,使得我们不可能忽略他们,无论我们是不是父母。whether...or...可用来引导让步状语从句,意为“无论……还是……”。根据 or not可知空格处填whether。故填whether。
    7.【答案】Where
    【解析】考查状语从句。句意:有决心和希望,问题就有解决的办法。分析句子结构可知,此处考查状语从句;根据句意,此处用where来引起地点状语从句,表示具体性或理念性的意义,表意为“只要在……的地方”。注意,此空位于句子开头,单词首字母要大写。故填Where。
    8.【答案】when
    【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意:我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐,这时水突然开始灌满我的家。根据固定句型be doing sth when ...(正在做某事,这时突然……)可知,空格处填when引导时间状语从句。故填when。
    9.【答案】when##as
    【解析】考查连词。句意:一项新的研究阐明了当我们将所听的音乐与心中感受配对的时候我们大脑里到底发生了什么。根据句意,这是一个时间状语从句。由于空格后句子使用的是一般现在时,所以空格处连词可以填when/as。
    10. 【答案】If
    【解析】考查条件状语从句。句意:我们必须通过使用语言来学习。如果我们只满足于记住几条规则,那我们就不是真正在学习这门语言。根据句意可知,前后句之间是一种假设关系,应用连接词If引导条件状语从句。故填If。
    11.【答案】if
    【解析】考查条件状语从句。句意:如果我们不尽快将这种垃圾带出天空,它将对现役卫星构成重大威胁。整体句子是主系表结构,The fear是主语, that引导表语从句,后半句根据句意,空格处是条件状语从句的引导词,表示“如果”应用if。故填if。
    12.【答案】whether
    【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意:无论你是使用现金付钱还是使用现金做预算,如果你还使用现金的话这可能是一个坏消息。这是一个让步状语从句,表达:“无论……还是……”,英语用whether…or。故填whether。
    13.【答案】when
    【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意:妈妈正在用爸爸的手机拍海边五彩缤纷的房子,这时我们看到了令人惊奇的东西——一头虎鲸。根据句意可知,此处应用连接词when对所描述的事件予以引人注目的强调,意为“这时;突然”,此时主句的时态通常是过去完成时、过去进行时或含有was/were about to 的一般过去时。故填when。
    14.【答案】Although
    【解析】考查让步状语从句。句意:尽管科学家对宇宙已经了解了很多,但是我们还有许多未知的东西。后文“there is much we still don't know”和前文“scientists have learned a lot about the universe”语义转折,空格处可用although“尽管”引导让步状语从句,句首字母大写。故填Although。
    15.【答案】Although/Though/While/Even though
    【解析】考查状语从句从属连词。句意:虽然(尽管)有规律的锻炼很重要,但是在睡前锻炼绝对不是一个好主意。后文“it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime”和前文“regular exercise is very important”语义转折,所以空格处可用although或though或while或even though“虽然;尽管”引导让步状语从句。句首字母大写,故填Although/Though/While/Even though。
    16.【答案】when
    【解析】考查固定句型。句意:消防队员正准备放弃营救,这时从废墟中传来一个微弱的声音。根据句型be about to...when,表示正要做某事,突然发生其他事,此处是when引导的时间状语从句,故填when。
    17.【答案】unless
    【解析】考查条件状语从句。句意:除非你有医生的证明,否则你休假是拿不到工资的。根据句意可知,后文“you have a doctor's note”是前文“get paid for time off”的条件,因主句You won't get paid for time off为否定句,所以应用连接词unless。故填unless。
    18.【答案】before
    【解析】考查状语从句。句意:在我们做出最终的决定之前,我们需要更多的事实和数据。所填词引导时间状语从句,意为“在……之前”。故填before。
    19.【答案】that
    【解析】考查固定结构。句意:中国人和茶有如此亲密的关系以致于他们已经形成了一套完全的茶文化。分析该句结构并结合句意可知,该句使用了“such...that...”结构来引导结果状语从句。故用that。
    20.【答案】when
    【解析】考查连词。句意:我们正在右车道开车,突然,一辆黑色的车从我们前面的停车位里跳出来。此处是“be doing sth when…”结构,表示“正在做……这时……”。故填when。
    练短文语法填空
    Text 1
    【答案】1.the 2.was shown 3.where 4.inspiration 5.remarkable
    6.dug 7.aiming 8.patterns 9.to 10.is
    【解析】本文是新闻报道。中国设计师王陶和设计团队将彝族刺绣融合在服装设计中,让世界领略了东方文化在时尚中的全新表达。
    1.考查冠词。句意:作为中国最有成就的设计师之一,她将这一愿景带入了她的时装系列——taoray taoray。根据设空处前面的one of以及后面的most accomplished designers可知,此处表示最高级,应用定冠词,故填the。
    2.考查动词语态。句意:taoray taoray 2020春夏季时装展首次登上传统与现代相结合的纽约时装周世界舞台。根据本句中的Spring Summer 2020可知,此处应用一般过去时,因为The taoray taoray Spring Summer 2020与show之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填was shown。
    3.考查定语从句。句意:taoray taoray 2020春夏季时装展首次登上传统与现代相结合的纽约时装周世界舞台。设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 world stage,并在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导,故填where。
    4.考查名词。句意:当taoray taoray的设计团队被介绍彝族刺绣时产生了这一灵感。根据设空处前面的The和后面的 came to fruition可知,设空处作主语且表示抽象意义,应用名词,故填inspiration。
    5.考查形容词。句意:刺绣是彝族文化的重要组成部分,是彝族艺术文化的象征和瑰宝。设空处在句中作定语,应用形容词remarkable,修饰part,意为“不寻常的”,故填remarkable。
    6.考查动词时态。句意:为了创建这个集合,小王和她的团队去了云南楚雄挖掘彝族技艺的文化和历史。根据设空处的并列谓语went可知,此处应用dig的一般过去时,故填dug。
    7.考查非谓语动词。句意:为了唤起传统,设计团队将彝族文化的图案、色彩和技术运用到他们的当代服装设计中,包括T恤、夹克、衬衫和其他必需品。the design team与aim之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,应用现在分词,作状语,表主动,故填Aiming。
    8.考查名词复数。句意:为了唤起传统,设计团队将彝族文化的图案、色彩和技术运用到他们的当代服装设计中,包括T恤、夹克、衬衫和其他必需品。pattern在此为可数名词,且与colors和techniques并列,应用名词复数形式,故填patterns。
    9.考查介词。句意:为了唤起传统,设计团队将彝族文化的图案、色彩和技术运用到他们的当代服装设计中,包括T恤、夹克、衬衫和其他必需品。apply… to…是固定搭配,表示“将……应用于……”。故填to。
    10.考查主谓一致。句意:taoray taoray系列是设计师如何保存文化,提醒人们在日常生活中的传统之美的反映!根据本句中的are preserving可知,设空处应用一般现在时,因为句子的主语是collection,故填is。
    Text 2
    【答案】11.defeated 12.powerful 13.anxiously 14.approached##was approaching 15.for
    16.was told 17.to leave 18.a 19.that 20.directions
    【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述强台风来临之际,Robert Owens因为没钱买汽油和住旅馆,只能带着妻子儿女眼睁睁地看着别人撤离而伤心不已。
    11.考查非谓语动词。句意:周日,当Robert Owens在路易斯安那州首府等待最强烈的飓风袭击美国时,他感到挫败又无望。根据句意可知,此处指“感到被打败了”,故用所给动词的过去分词,作表语,表示被动的意思,修饰句子的主语Robert Owens。故填defeated。
    12.考查形容词。句意:见第1题详解。分析该句成分可知,所填词在此处作定语,修饰后面的名词hurricanes,故用形容词形式powerful。故填powerful。
    13.考查副词。句意:随着飓风艾达的到来,这位27岁的男人这几天都在焦虑地看着长排的汽车前往更安全的地方。分析该句成分可知,所填词在此处修饰动词watching,作状语,故用所给形容词的副词形式anxiously。故填anxiously。
    14.考查动词时态。句意:见第3题详解。根据第一段的时间状语on Sunday及空前的时态had spent可知,该句叙述强调的是过去发生的事,故用所给动词的过去式;用过去进行时强调过去进行也可以,主语是Hurricane Ida,所以be动词用单数形式was。故填approached /was approaching。
    15.考查动词短语。句意:出于绝望,Owens周六去了银行申请发薪日贷款。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查动词短语apply for意为“申请”。故填for。
    16.考查动词的时态和语态。句意:但是,他被告知没有足够的信用记录。分析该句成分可知,he与tell是动宾关系,又因为该篇文章叙述的是过去发生的事,故该空用一般过去时的被动语态,主语是he,所以be动词用单数形式was。故填was told。
    17.考查固定搭配。句意:我们的银行账户是空的——我们担负不起离开的费用。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里考查动词短语afford to do sth意为“负担得起做什么事”。故填to leave。
    18.考查冠词。句意:想到我的家人被落下,我感觉很糟糕。根据句子结构和意思可知,feeling为可数名词单数形式,该处是泛指“一个”的意思,terrifying第一个音素是辅音音素,所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
    19.考查名词性从句。句意:我们不是中等或者更高阶级的事实一直从如此多不同的方向以不同的方式一次又一次的啃咬着我。分析句子结构可知,该空引导的是一个同位语从句,解释说明fact的具体内容,从句中不缺少成分且意义完整,故此处用that引导从句。故填that。
    20.考查名词复数。句意:见第9题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知,此处direction为可数名词,根据空前的so many different及空后的并列成分ways可知,此处用所给名词的复数形式。故填directions。
    Text 3
    【答案】21.to celebrate 22.meaning 23.ourselves 24.curiosity 25.in
    26.why 27.has brought 28.were##had been told 29.but 30.gradually
    【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述哲学的由来。
    21.考查非谓语动词。句意:这一天是为了庆祝我们人生中哲学的重要性和角色。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里是动词不定式作表语,表示主语的具体内容。故填to celebrate。
    22.考查非谓语动词。句意:“哲学”这个词来源于希腊,意思是“智慧的爱”。根据句子结构和意思可知,         (mean)“love of wisdom"是非谓语动词作定语,mean与The word “philosophy” 之间是主动关系,用现在分词。故填meaning。
    23.考查代词。句意:通过哲学,我们尽力找到关于世界和我们自己的基本问题的答案。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里是反身代词作介词about的宾语,表示“我们自己”的意思。故填ourselves。
    24.考查名词。句意:它听起来可能很宽泛,很深奥,但实际上,它提起了我们的好奇心,并且在我们生活的方方面面都有所体现。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里是名词作介词短语out of的宾语,表示“好奇心”的意思,是不可数名词,所以用单数形式。故填curiosity。
    25.考查固定短语。句意:见第4题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里是固定短语in all aspects表示“在所有方面”的意思。故填in。
    26.考查表语从句。句意:这就是它被叫做present的原因。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里是表语从句,引导词在从句中作原因状语,用why引导该从句。故填why。
    27.考查时态。句意:到目前为止,哲学已经带来了巨大的社会发展。根据句子结构和意思可知,句子的时间状语是so far,所以这里用现在完成时,主语是Philosophy,所以谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填has brought。
    28.考查时态。句意:在几千年里,人们一直做着他们被告知的事情。根据句子结构和意思可知,该空是宾语从句中的谓语动词,句子的时间状语是For thousands of years,主句谓语是过去进行时,从句谓语发生在它之前,所以用过去完成时,也可以用一般过去时表示发生在过去的事情。故填were/had been told。
    29.考查连词。句意:但是2500年前,希腊哲学家苏格拉底开始问“为什么?”和“这是最好的办法吗?”根据句子结构和意思可知,这里用连词,表示转折的关系。故填But。
    30.考查副词。句意:渐渐地,人类进入了一个积极理性的思考时期。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里用副词,修饰整个句子。故填Gradually。
    Text 4
    【答案】31.that##which 32.is thought 33.will follow 34.Into 35.indicating
    36.vividly 37.patterns 38.An 39.Its 40.designed
    【解析】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述有关2022年冬奥会徽章的事情。
    31.考查定语从句。句意:吉祥物徽章因为它达到新的记录水平的设计已经获得了显著的赞赏。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里是限制性定语从句,先行词是“design”,在从句中作主语,指物。故填that/which。
    32.考查时态和语态。句意:纪念徽章的倒计时的款式被认为是很独特并且浪漫的。根据句子结构和意思可知,描述一个客观的事实,用一般现在时;“The style ”和“think”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,这里是一般现在时的被动语态,主语是“The style”所以be动词用单数形式is。故填is thought。
    33.考查时态。句意:至于200天倒计时的徽章,它以前面是樱花背面是雪花的造型为特征,表明东京奥运会过后便是北京冬奥会。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里表示将要发生的事情,用一般将来时。故填will follow。
    34.考查动词短语。句意:如果搜集者获得倒计时系列的所有徽章,他们可以把它们拼在一起就会成为一个“0”的形状,表明倒计时结束。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里是动词短语“piece sth. together into”表示“把......拼凑成......”的意思。故填into。
    35.考查非谓语动词。句意:见第4题详解。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里是现在分词作结果状语,表示自然而然的结果。故填indicating。
    36.考查副词。句意:而且,这一系列的古代神话徽章形象地展示了中国神话故事里的人物,像女娲补天,夸父追日等等。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里是副词修饰动词“show”。故填vividly。
    37.考查名词。句意:其他的徽章款式还包括传统的比赛,比如中国古老的球类比赛,蹴鞠。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里是可数名词复数形式,被other修饰,作主语。故填patterns。
    38.考查冠词。句意:此外,冰上运动,中国北方的一种古老的运动方式,在一个徽章上也被展示了出来。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里是不定冠词修饰可数名词单数形式“sport”,表示泛指,且old是以元音音素开头的词。故填an。
    39.考查代词。句意:作为2022年奥运会的主办方,北京已经通过这些为了欢迎世界的运动员和观众们而设计的颜色各异的徽章向世界讲述它自己的故事。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里是形容词性物主代词,作定语,修饰后面的名词“stories”。故填its。
    40.考查非谓语动词。句意:见第9题。根据句子结构和意思可知,这里是过去分词作后置定语,修饰前面的名词“pins”,“pins”和“design”之间是被动关系,用过去分词。故填designed。

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