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北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中试卷（Word版附解析）
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这是一份北京市大兴区2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期中试卷（Word版附解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了5分，共15分)， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
大兴区2022~2023学年度第二学期期中检测
高一英语
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I was eight years old, I spent a few weeks of the summer at a Girl Scout camp called Camp Redwing — a place where the scenery was beautiful. My friends and I were all excited about the day’s creek hike.
When one person in the group ___1___ a slug (鼻涕虫), we were all excited. We gathered around pushing each other to be in the front with the best view. And that’s when one of the counselors told us that when you lick (舔) a slug, your ___2___ goes numb. Then the counselor caught it and began ___3___ it around. When the slug made it way to me, my ___4___ took over and I decided to lick it. It was slimy (黏的) and cold, but not as disgusting as I expected. ___5___, it did not numb my tongue; the numbing chemical must have been ___6___ by the time it reached me. The enthusiasm I had to try it out and learn something new is a feeling that has stuck with me since.
When we’re kids, we want to know everything. We bother our parents with ___7___ questions of “Why?” and we try everything in school. But as we grow up and reach high school, then college, curiosity seems to ___8___ a lot.
Now, when I feel myself losing the passion for learning, I remembered to lick the slug — whatever the slug is in that moment. I’ll do anything that ignites that same enthusiasm in me, and I ___9___ what other people think about it. I know that my childlike curiosity is something I don’t want to _____10_____ up, and I try to bring it to the surface as much as I can.
1 A. found B. saved C. held D. killed
2. A. hand B. face C. leg D. tongue
3. A. telling B. passing C. playing D. placing
4. A. courage B. emotion C. curiosity D. ability
5. A. Unfortunately B. Frankly C. Constantly D. Quickly
6. A. wasted B. gone C. spread D. beaten
7. A. difficult B. satisfying C. endless D. short
8. A. decrease B. leave C. change D. affect
9. A. think B. weigh C. ignore D. balance
10. A. use B. set C. break D. give
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候参加夏令营，出于好奇心，舔鼻涕虫的故事。从那以后，作者对尝试和学习新东西的热情就一直伴随着他。他愿意做任何能点燃自己内心同样热情的事情，不理会别人的看法。作者知道自己孩童般的好奇心是他不想放弃的东西，他会试着尽可能地把它表现出来。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当小组中的一个人发现一只鼻涕虫时，我们都很兴奋。A. found发现；B. saved保存；C. held持有；D. killed杀死。根据下文“We gathered around pushing each other to be in the front with the best view.”可知，有人发现了一只鼻涕虫。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，一个辅导员告诉我们，当你舔鼻涕虫的时候，你的舌头会麻木。A. hand手；B. face脸；C. leg腿部；D. tongue舌头。根据上文“And that’s when one of the counselors told us that when you lick (舔) a slug”可知，此处指舌头会麻木。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后辅导员抓住它，开始传递它。A. telling讲述；B. passing传递；C. playing演奏；D. placing放置。根据上文“Then the counselor caught it”及下文“When the slug made it way to me, my ___4___ took over and I decided to lick it.”可知，辅导员抓住鼻涕虫，开始在组员中传递它。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当这条鼻涕虫到我身边时，我的好奇心占据了我，我决定舔它。A. courage勇气；B. emotion情绪；C. curiosity好奇心；D. ability能力。根据下文“I know that my childlike curiosity is something I don’t want to ____10____ up, and I try to bring it to the surface as much as I can.”可知，此处指好奇心占据了我，我决定舔它。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，它并没有麻痹我的舌头；那种让人麻木的化学物质到达我的时候肯定已经消失了。A. Unfortunately不幸地；B. Frankly坦率地；C. Constantly不断地；D. Quickly迅速地。根据上文“And that’s when one of the counselors told us that when you lick (舔) a slug, your ___2___ goes numb.”及“When the slug made it way to me, my ___4___ took over and I decided to lick it.”可知，我想尝试一下舌头被麻痹的感觉，但是不幸的是，它并没有麻痹我的舌头。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，它并没有麻痹我的舌头；那种让人麻木的化学物质到达我的时候肯定已经消失了。A. wasted浪费；B. gone消失；C. spread传播；D. beaten打。根据上文“it did not numb my tongue”可知，此处指那种让人麻木的化学物质肯定已经消失了。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们没完没了地问父母“为什么？”我们在学校里什么都试过了。A. difficult困难的；B. satisfying令人满意的；C. endless没完没了的；D. short短的。根据上文“When we’re kids, we want to know everything.”可知，此处指没完没了地问父母“为什么？”故选C。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着我们长大，上高中，然后上大学，好奇心似乎减少了很多。A. decrease减少；B. leave离开；C. change变化；D. affect影响。根据上文“We bother our parents with ___7___ questions of “Why?” and we try everything in school. But”可知，此处与前面形成转折关系，指好奇心似乎减少了很多。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我愿意做任何能点燃我内心同样热情的事情，我不理会别人的看法。A. think思考；B. weigh称重；C. ignore不理会；D. balance平衡。根据上文“I’ll do anything that ignites that same enthusiasm in me”可知，只要能激发我的热情，我就会去做任何事，我不理会别人怎么想。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我知道我的孩子般的好奇心是我不想放弃的东西，我试着尽可能地把它带到表面。A. use (up)用完；B. set (up)设置；C. break (up)打碎；D. give (up)放弃。根据下文“and I try to bring it to the surface as much as I can.”可知，我不想放弃我的孩子般的好奇心。故选D。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Every day, upon picking up my 11-year-old son from school, I would ask, “How was your day?” For years, I got the same ____11____ (respond) —“Fine, fine”— with no eye contact. His autism (自闭症) was going to prevent me from the normal chit- chat that parents ____12____ (unconscious) enjoy. One early spring afternoon, I asked the question, expecting the same answer. “How was your day?” My son replied, “Good, good.” Then, he looked at me and said, “How was your day, Mom?” With tears ____13____ (stream) down my face, I said, “It’s really good — the best day ever.”
【答案】11. response
12. unconsciously
13. streaming
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了有自闭症儿子的作者每天问孩子过得怎么样这个问题，期待着同样的答案。儿子有一天问作者，今天过得怎么样，作者泪流满面非常感动，感觉这是有史以来最好的一天。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：多年来，我得到的都是同样的回答——“挺好，挺好”——没有眼神交流。此处作宾语，应用名词response。故填response。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：他的自闭症将使我无法像父母那样无意识地享受正常的闲聊。此处修饰动词enjoy，应用副词unconsciously，作状语。故填unconsciously。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我泪流满面地说：“真是太好了——有史以来最好的一天。”with+宾语+宾补，tears和stream是主动关系，应用现在分词，表示主动，作宾补，故填streaming。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
We all know eating late is bad for us. A new study says it could make us sick. Researchers say that eating before bedtime ____14____ (increase) the risk of obesity. The researchers linked to Harvard Medical School looked into ____15____ eating late increased the risk of putting on weight. They found that eating late doubles our feeling of hunger, so we’ eat more. When we eat ____16____ (early), we are less hungry, so we eat less food. Later eaters also eat unhealthier food, especially fast food. They also move around less before sleeping. This means they do not burn off calories.
【答案】14. increases
15. why##how
16. earlier
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。吃饭太晚对健康有害，研究者通过调查发现吃得晚会增加肥胖风险的原因。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：研究人员表示，睡前吃东西会增加肥胖的风险。句子分析可知，设空处在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语动词，此从句阐述客观事实，用一般现在时，eating before bedtime作主语谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填increases。
【15题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：与哈佛医学院有关的研究人员研究了为什么吃得晚会增加体重增加的风险/与哈佛医学院有关的研究人员研究了吃得晚如何增加体重增加的风险。句子分析可知，“____2____ eating late increased the risk of putting on weight”为名词性从句作looked into的宾语，设空处在句中作状语，表示“为什么/如何”，用连接副词why/how。故填why/how。
【16题详解】
考查比较级。句意：当我们吃得早，我们就不那么饿，所以我们吃得少。由空后的“we are less hungry, so we eat less food”可知设空处应填early的比较级earlier。故填earlier。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Andv Warhol was a successful magazine and ad illustrator ____17____ became a leading artist of the 1960s Pop art movement. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1926. When he graduated from college, he moved to New York City ____18____ (pursue)a career as a commercial artist. In 1962, he exhibited the now- iconic paintings of Campbell’s soup cans, ____19____ created a major stir in the art world. He also drew portraits and opened his own art studio. His works blurred the lines between fine arts and mainstream aesthetics. By the time of his death in 1987, he ____20____ (become) one of the most important figures in American-art history.
【答案】17. who
18. to pursue
19. which 20. had become
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章对美国艺术史上最重要的杂志和广告插画家之一Andv Warhol进行了简要介绍。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Andv Warhol是一位成功的杂志和广告插画家，成为20世纪60年代流行艺术运动的领军艺术家。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为Andv Warhol，因空白处在句子中做主语指人，应使用who引导定语从句，故填who。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：大学毕业后，他搬到了纽约市，从事商业艺术家的职业。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做状语表示目的，应使用动词不定式，故填to pursue。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：1962年，他展出了坎贝尔汤罐的标志性画作，这在艺术界引起了轩然大波。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为Campbell’s soup cans，因空白处在非限制性定语从句中做主语指物，使用which引导定语从句，故填which。
【20题详解】
考查时态。句意：到1987年他去世时，他已经成为美国艺术史上最重要的人物之一。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做谓语，根据时间状语By the time of his death in 1987可知，主语谓语动词表示的动作在时间状语By the time of his death in 1987表示的时间之前发生，应使用过去完成时，故填had become。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Visitor Guidelines of The Metropolitan Museum
We look forward to welcoming you to The Met! Please review our visitor guidelines outlined below prior to your visit. By visiting in person, you agree to obey the rules, and The Met reserves the right to ask visitors who do not follow these guidelines to leave the Museum.
Health and Safety
The health and safety of all is the first. The Met will continue to monitor and follow guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), New York State, and New York City for health and safety procedures that inform our operations. Masks are strongly recommended. We cannot make sure that you will not be exposed to COVID-19 during your visit to The Met. Those visiting The Met do so at their own risk of such exposure.
Museum Admission
Entrance into the Museum’s galleries requires a ticket or Membership card. New York State residents and New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut students, the amount you pay for tickets is up to you.
If you wish to pay less than the general admission ticket prices, you may purchase your ticket at a Met ticket desk with a valid New York State driver’s license, New York State identification card, student ID, or New York library card.
General Admission
For visitors who are not New York State residents or NY, NJ, or CT students:
General admission is $30 for adults, $22 for seniors, and $17 for students
Admission is free for Members, Patrons, and children under 12
Admission is free for a caregiver accompanying a visitor with a disability.
Members
When you enter the Museum, have your Membership card ready. We’ll scan your card, and you can head right into the galleries without a ticket.
Photography and Video Rule
The Met permits photography and video for private, non-commercial use only at The Met Fifth Avenue and The Met Cloisters.
Hand-Held Cameras and video on personal cellular devices may be used, without a flash (闪光), to photograph and film the galleries unless designated (标明的).
Photographs and video cannot be published, sold, reproduced, transferred, distributed, or otherwise commercially used in any manner.
21. According to the health and safety terms. ______.
A. visitors are required to wear a mask
B. visitors are recommended to wear a mask
C. the Met checks visitors’ vaccination and test results
D. the Met is responsible for COVID exposure
22. 25-year-old Li Hua is a student at New York University, if she visits the Met with a friend, who is a member, and her two brothers, both 27 and visiting from China, how much do they have to pay for the admission at least?
A. $ 60 B. $ 90
C. $ 107 D. $ 77
23 Which of the following is allowed according to the photography and video rule?
A. Shooting items labelled no photo with a hand-held camera.
B. Taking photos with your mobile phone’s flash on.
C. Printing out your photo and sharing it with your friends.
D. Putting your video online and charge money for viewing.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章是大都会博物馆的访客指南。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Health and Safety”部分的句子“Masks are strongly recommended.”（强烈建议戴口罩）可知，建议游客戴上口罩。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Museum Admission”部分的句子“Entrance into the Museum’s galleries requires a ticket or Membership card. New York State residents and New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut students, the amount you pay for tickets is up to you.”（进入博物馆的画廊需要门票或会员卡。纽约州居民和纽约、新泽西、康涅狄格的学生，你支付的门票金额由你自己决定）和“General Admission”部分的句子“For visitors who are not New York State residents or NY, NJ, or CT students: General admission is $30 for adults, $22 for seniors, and $17 for students”（对于非纽约州居民和非纽约、新泽西和康涅狄格州学生的游客：普通门票为成人30美元，老年人22美元，学生17美元），“Admission is free for Members, Patrons, and children under 12”（会员、赞助人和12岁以下儿童免费入场）可知，李华是纽约大学的学生，她的朋友是会员，所以她们不需要买门票，但是她的两个从中国来的哥哥需要每人支付30美元的门票。故选A项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一部分的句子“Photographs and video cannot be published, sold, reproduced, transferred, distributed, or otherwise commercially used in any manner.”（照片和视频不能出版，出售，复制，转让，分发，或以任何方式用于其他商业用途）可知，在博物馆拍的照片和视频不能用于商业用途，但是可以打印出来后和朋友分享。故选C项。
B
The owner of a house in Sonoma County, California called pest (害虫) control when they spotted worms coming from one of their bedroom walls. Those worms turned out to be meal worms, feeding on an unbelievable amount of acorns (橡树子), believed to be collected by a pair of woodpeckers.
“It was really strange. I had never really seen worms with acorns before,” Castro from the pest control said. But the strangeness was just beginning.
After making a small 4-inch-square hole in the wall, Castro said the acorns began spilling out. That alone wouldn’t be terribly unusual, but they “just kept coming,” he said.
“It was very unbelievable to see the amount,” said Castro. He guesses there were at least 700 pounds of acorns, likely collected over the past two to five years.
Often woodpeckers store acorns on the outside of homes, but hardly do they get them inside. In this case, Castro discovered the birds dropped their treasures through a hole in the chimney and entered the attic through a separate hole to eat.
As they dropped from the attic, tens of thousands of acorns gathered from several nearby oak trees filled the hole of the walls, Castro explained.
But this odd find took unusual to a whole new level for the man who has been working in the pest control industry for more than 20 years.
“On a scale from 1 to 10, this is a 10. It’s a one in a million chance to find something this unusual,” said Castro. “I expected to find a few handfuls, nothing like this.”
It took creating another three holes in the home’s walls to remove all the acorns, which piled and reached about 20 feet high, Castro believed.
Castro and his crew of three spent a full day collecting the nuts.
“We filled eight big black garbage bags. They were so heavy we could hardly pick them up,” said Castro. “They had to have weighed at least a hundred pounds each.”
The acorns were thrown away as they were covered in droppings and bits of fiberglass from the wall’s insulation.
24. Why did the owner called pest control?
A. He had too many acorns. B. He was fed up with woodpeckers.
C. He saw worm coming out his wall. D. He spotted holes on his wall.
25. Castro felt strange because ______.
A. worms hardly comes out from walls B. acorns hardly get worms
C. woodpeckers doesn’t store acorns D. acorns are hardly stored in walls
26. What can we know from the passage?
A. The acorns had seriously damaged the house.
B. The acorns were sold because there were lots of them.
C. Woodpeckers store acorns to get worms to eat.
D. Woodpeckers keep acorns often on the outside of a wall
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了近日，美国加州一灭虫公司在一处民宅进行虫害检查时，意外地从房屋墙内挖出约650斤橡子。后来发现，这些坚果是由一对橡树啄木鸟花了数年时间私藏的。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The owner of a house in Sonoma County, California called pest (害虫) control when they spotted worms coming from one of their bedroom walls.(加利福尼亚州索诺玛县一所房子的主人发现卧室墙上有虫子，于是打电话给害虫控制中心)”可知，业主打电话给虫害防治中心因为他看见一条虫子从墙上爬出来。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““It was really strange. I had never really seen worms with acorns before,” Castro from the pest control said.(“这真的很奇怪。我以前从未见过带橡树子的虫子，”虫害控制中心的卡斯特罗说)”可知，卡斯特罗觉得很奇怪，因为橡树子几乎不会长虫。故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Often woodpeckers store acorns on the outside of homes, but hardly do they get them inside.(啄木鸟经常把橡子放在房子外面，但很少把它们弄进去)”可知，啄木鸟经常把橡子放在墙的外面。故选D。
C
Even if you aren’t into artificial intelligence, it’s time to pay attention to ChatGPT, because this one is a big deal.
The tool, developed by Open AI, lets you type natural-language prompts (提示). ChatGPT then offers conversational responses. The robot remembers the information of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It draws its answers from huge volumes of information on the internet.
ChatGPT seems pretty knowledgeable in areas where there’s good training data for it to learn from. It’s not omniscient (无所不知) or smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound very authoritative (权威的). A few days after its launch, more than a million people were trying out ChatGPT.
But be careful, OpenAI warns. ChatGPT has all kinds of potential disadvantages, some easy to spot and some more subtle (不明显).“It’s a mistake to be depending on it for anything important right now,” OpenAI Chief Executive Sam Altman said. “We have lots of work to do on robustness (稳定性) and truthfulness.”
As OpenAI emphasizes, ChatGPT’s answers can look authoritative but be wrong. “If you ask it a very well-structured question, with the intention that it gives you the right answer, you’ll probably get the right answer,” said Mike Krause, data science director at a different AI company, Beyond Limits. “It’ll be explained clearly and sound like it came from some professor at Harvard. But if you trick it, you’ll get nonsense.”
There have already been many students who use ChatGPT to help them cheat with their homework and essays, but as with many other technology developments, it’s not a simple black-and-white situation. Decades ago, students could copy encyclopedia (百科全书) entries and use calculators, and more recently, they’ve been able to use search engines. ChatGPT offers new abilities for everything from helping with research to doing your homework for you outright.
Many ChatGPT answers already sound like student essays, though often with an unnatural tone. High school teacher Daniel Herman concluded ChatGPT already writes better than most students today. He’s uncertain between admiring ChatGPT’s potential usefulness and fearing its harm to human learning. Dustin York, an associate professor of communication at Maryville University, hopes educators will learn to use ChatGPT as a tool and realize it can help students think critically.
27. Why does the author think ChatGPT is a big deal?
A. Because it’s artificial intelligence that offers conversational responses.
B. Because it’s knowledgeable in areas with good training data to learn from.
C. Because it has all kinds of potential disadvantages, easy to spot or more subtle.
D. Because it helped students with their homework essays and wrote even better.
28. What did Mike Krause mean when he said the underlined words in paragraph 5?
A. ChatGPT was not able to form indirect answers naturally.
B. ChatGPT was not able to answer indirect questions correctly.
C. ChatGPT was not able to reply to indirect questions quickly.
D. ChatGPT was not able to explain indirect answers properly.
29. Why did the author mention encyclopedia, calculators, and search engines?
A. To show that ChatGPT is a tool that can be as helpful.
B. To show that ChatGPT is an invention that will be accepted.
C. To show that students should be allowed to use ChatGPT to write essays.
D. To show that students should be banned to use ChatGPT to write essays.
30. What does the author think of ChatGPT?
A. potential and knowledgeable B. robust and truthful
C. imperfect yet promising D. authoritative yet misleading
【答案】27. B 28. B 29. A 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章认为即使你不喜欢人工智能，也是时候关注ChatGPT了，因为这是一件大事。但是要警惕ChatGPT也存在各种潜在的缺点，教育工作者应学会将ChatGPT作为一种工具，帮助学生批判性地思考。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“ChatGPT seems pretty knowledgeable in areas where there’s good training data for it to learn from.( ChatGPT似乎对有良好训练数据可供其学习的领域非常了解)”可知，作者认为ChatGPT是一件大事，因为它在有良好训练数据的领域知识渊博。故选B项。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第五段“As OpenAI emphasizes, ChatGPT’s answers can look authoritative but be wrong. “If you ask it a very well-structured question, with the intention that it gives you the right answer, you’ll probably get the right answer(正如OpenAI所强调的那样，ChatGPT的答案可能看起来很权威，但却是错误的。“如果你问一个结构很好的问题，目的是给你正确的答案，你可能会得到正确的答案)”以及划线句子前面表示语气转折的转折连词but可知，ChatGPT能正确地回答直接提出的问题，而对于非直接提出的问题，可能会出错，故选B项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ChatGPT offers new abilities for everything from helping with research to doing your homework for you outright.( ChatGPT提供了新的能力，从帮助研究到直接为你做家庭作业)”可知，ChatGPT能作为工具帮助人们，可推理出文中提到百科全书、计算器和搜索引擎的目的是要说明ChatGPT可以作为工具给人们帮助，故选A项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“But be careful, OpenAI warns. ChatGPT has all kinds of potential disadvantages, some easy to spot and some more subtle(但要小心，OpenAI警告说。ChatGPT有各种潜在的缺点，有些很容易发现，有些更微妙,难以发现)”可推理出ChatGPT有不完美之处；根据倒数第二段“ChatGPT offers new abilities for everything from helping with research to doing your homework for you outright.( ChatGPT提供了新的能力，从帮助研究到直接为你做家庭作业)”可知ChatGPT能够作为工具给人们提供帮助，可推理出ChatGPT有光明的未来，故选C项。
D
Whales are an important part of the ocean. They maintain the ocean ecosystem by providing important nutrients for phytoplankton (浮游植物), microscopic organism (微生物) in the ocean, to grow as food for fish and other animals. Phytoplankton also carry out photosynthesis (光合作用) to keep carbon dioxide level low in the atmosphere to keep the Earth cool. So, without whales, the oceans wouldn’t be healthy.
Currently, North Atlantic right whales are critically endangered. Scientists from University of South Carolina and Cornell University imagined that it is the warmer ocean waters that force whales to go to new places that don’t have rules, such as speed limits for ships, shorter fishing seasons, etc., to protect whales.
To see if climate changes can explain the loss of whales, scientists analyzed the water temperature near the Gulf of Maine, the feeding place of the whales. The temperature is affected by the position of Gulf Stream which brings warm water from the south.
They also looked at population data for the whales and their food, which is primarily small shrimps and crabs called copepods. They estimated how the whale population changed based on the number of whale sightings, whale birth and their bodies. Finally, they analyzed how the change in the water temperature related to the change in the whale population.
The result showed that since 2010, the Gulf Stream has been farther north than ever before, bringing warmer waters to the region. The population data shows a significant decrease in copepods population beginning in 2010. This means there has been less food available for the whales.
The best explanation is that global warming is causing the northward shift of the Gulf Stream, which is consistent with climate change, and making the waters near the Gulf of Maine warmer. However, copepods prefer cold water. Warmer water wakes them too early, they miss the nutritious spring phytoplankton bloom they need to grow. Besides, when the Gulf Stream is farther north, less copepods are brought into the Gulf of Maine.
With food levels too low, fewer whales are born, and fewer survive. To find enough food, some whales swim north to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Therefore, there were more whale sightings there. It also explains why there were more whale deaths in the area in 2017 and 2019. By looking at the carcasses, scientists know that ships hit the whales, or they got trapped in fishing gear. So, climate change both makes the whales’ food shorter and causes them to move to new places, making it harder to protect them.
Global warming doesn’t only change the weather; it changes the ocean. To protect ocean species and keep our oceans healthy, governments need to adjust how they manage the ocean.
31. Scientists in the study collected the following types of data EXCEPT the ______.
A. temperatures of waters B. population of whales
C. population of copepods D. population of phytoplankton
32. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the article?
A. Whales move to get enough copepods to eat.
B. Copepods need phytoplankton to grow.
C. Phytoplankton cause global warming.
D. Global warming causes the shift of Gulf Stream.
33. What does the underlined word “carcass” in paragraph 7 mean?
A. dead body B. wounded body
C. trapped body D. lost body
34. What should the governments do to save the whales according to the author?
A. Governments should control ocean traffics that kill the whales.
B. Governments should take means to slow down global warming.
C. Governments should ban fishing in the area where the whales live.
D. Governments should keep the warm water away from the Gulf of Maine.
【答案】31 D 32. C 33. A 34. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们通过研究找到了全球变暖和鲸鱼数量减少之间的关系。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章的第三段“To see if climate changes can explain the loss of whales, scientists analyzed the water temperature near the Gulf of Maine, the feeding place of the whales. The temperature is affected by the position of Gulf Stream which brings warm water from the south.（为了了解气候变化是否可以解释鲸鱼数量的减少，科学家们分析了缅因湾附近的水温，缅因湾是鲸鱼的觅食地。温度受墨西哥湾暖流位置的影响，墨西哥湾暖流从南部带来温暖的海水）”和第四段“They also looked at population data for the whales and their food, which is primarily small shrimps and crabs called copepods. They estimated how the whale population changed based on the number of whale sightings, whale birth and their bodies. Finally, they analyzed how the change in the water temperature related to the change in the whale population.（他们还研究了鲸鱼和它们的食物的数量数据，这些食物主要是被称为桡足类的小虾和螃蟹。他们根据看到鲸鱼的数量、鲸鱼的出生和它们的身体来估计鲸鱼数量的变化。最后，他们分析了水温的变化与鲸鱼数量的变化之间的关系）”可知，科学家们收集的数据包括：水温、鲸鱼数量、桡足类动物的数量，但不包括浮游植物的数量。故选D项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第七段的句子“With food levels too low, fewer whales are born, and fewer survive. To find enough food, some whales swim north to the Gulf of St. Lawrence.（由于食物水平过低，鲸鱼出生数量减少，存活数量减少。为了找到足够的食物，一些鲸鱼向北游到圣劳伦斯湾）”可知，鲸鱼移动是为了获取足够的桡足类食物。根据第六段的句子“However, copepods prefer cold water. Warmer water wakes them too early, they miss the nutritious spring phytoplankton bloom they need to grow.（然而，桡足类动物更喜欢冷水。温暖的海水过早地唤醒了它们，它们错过了它们生长所需的营养丰富的春季浮游植物繁盛期）”可知，桡足类需要浮游植物来生长。根据第六段的句子“The best explanation is that global warming is causing the northward shift of the Gulf Stream, which is consistent with climate change, and making the waters near the Gulf of Maine warmer.（最好的解释是，全球变暖导致墨西哥湾暖流向北移动，这与气候变化是一致的，并使缅因湾附近的水域变暖）”可知，全球变暖导致了墨西哥湾流的转移。文章没有提到浮游植物导致全球变暖。故选C项。
【33题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词后面的部分“scientists know that ships hit the whales, or they got trapped in fishing gear（科学家们知道船只撞到了鲸鱼，或者鲸鱼被渔具困住了）”可知，科学家们一定是通过研究鲸鱼的尸体，才知道船只撞到了鲸鱼，或者鲸鱼被渔具困住了，所以，划线单词“carcasses”的意义为“尸体”。故选A项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段的最后一句“So, climate change both makes the whales’ food shorter and causes them to move to new places, making it harder to protect them.（因此，气候变化既使鲸鱼的食物变少，又使它们迁移到新的地方，这使得保护它们变得更加困难）”和最后一段“Global warming doesn’t only change the weather; it changes the ocean. To protect ocean species and keep our oceans healthy, governments need to adjust how they manage the ocean.（全球变暖不仅改变了天气；它改变了海洋。为了保护海洋物种，保持海洋健康，政府需要调整他们管理海洋的方式）”可推论出，要拯救鲸鱼，政府应该采取措施减缓全球变暖。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Don’t Get Lost in the Term of Eco-tourism
Given that tourism produces harmful emissions, the term “green travel” can seem contradictory. Green travel will not solve the climate crisis, but knowing what to look for can allow you to make choices that do less harm and more good if you do choose to travel. ____35____
Don’t get hung up on the terms.
The key to better understanding and identifying sustainable travel options is recognizing that it’s actually actions—not words—that matter. Definitions can vary from person to person. ____36____
Ask questions.
Before you book a tour or hotel, prepare questions. For example: Do they support the local economy? Are they ensuring the preservation of the natural environment? ____37____ However, if you can’t find answers on the website, contact the property or tour operator directly.
____38____
You don’t have to plan a responsible travel and the ever-changing term alone. Contact organizations that provide training, accreditation and transparent standards. You can also join responsible travel communities on social media, where you can ask questions, share resources and learn alongside other travelers who share your values.
Start now.
You can’t do everything at once right away. Decide what you can do. Maybe it’s contributing to a conservation or community project. ____39____ Anyway, when you know better, do better.
A. Lean on and learn from others.
B. Find an operator who shares your personal values.
C. But it’s the truth behind the term that really matters.
D. Ask what the local government can provide you with.
E. Search for the answers such as data and policies on a company’s website.
F. Here are some expert tips on how to understand the vocabulary of green travel.
G. Maybe it’s immersing yourself in one destination rather than rushing around to see three.
【答案】35. F 36. C 37. E 38. A 39. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种理解和实践真正的生态旅游的建议。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Given that tourism produces harmful emissions, the term “green travel” can seem contradictory. Green travel will not solve the climate crisis, but knowing what to look for can allow you to make choices that do less harm and more good if you do choose to travel.(鉴于旅游业会产生有害气体，“绿色出行”一词似乎有些矛盾。绿色出行并不能解决气候危机，但如果你真的选择出行，知道要寻找什么可以让你做出伤害更少、好处更多的选择)” 可知，本句为过渡句，起承上启下的作用，根据标题和后文的小标题可知，文本主要介绍了几种理解和实践真正的生态旅游的建议。故F选项“这里有一些关于如何理解绿色出行词汇的专家建议”符合语境，故选F。
【36题详解】
根据上文“The key to better understanding and identifying sustainable travel options is recognizing that it’s actually actions—not words—that matter. Definitions can vary from person to person.(更好地理解和确定可持续旅游选择的关键是要认识到，重要的是行动，而不是语言。定义因人而异)”可知，本句承接上一句，每个人对这个术语的定义都不一样，因此定义不重要，定义之后隐藏的真相才重要。故C选项“但真正重要的是这个词背后的真相”符合语境，故选C。
【37题详解】
根据后文“However, if you can’t find answers on the website, contact the property or tour operator directly.(但是，如果你在网站上找不到答案，可以直接联系酒店或旅行社)”可知，本句列举实例，可以在公司网站上找一些相关材料，并联系下文，如果找不到需要及时联系。故E选项“在公司网站上搜索数据和政策等答案”符合语境，故选E。
【38题详解】
根据本段内容“You don’t have to plan a responsible travel and the ever-changing term alone. Contact organizations that provide training, accreditation and transparent standards. You can also join responsible travel communities on social media, where you can ask questions, share resources and learn alongside other travelers who share your values.(你不必独自计划一次负责任的旅行和不断变化的术语。联系那些提供培训、认证和透明标准的组织。你也可以在社交媒体上加入负责任的旅游社区，在那里你可以提出问题，分享资源，并与其他与你有相同价值观的旅行者一起学习)”可知，本段内容是要学会向他人求助和学习。故A选项“依靠别人，向别人学习”符合语境，故选A。
【39题详解】
根据上文“You can’t do everything at once right away. Decide what you can do. Maybe it’s contributing to a conservation or community project.(你不能马上做所有的事情。决定你能做什么。也许是对环境保护或社区项目的贡献)”以及后文“Anyway, when you know better, do better.(无论如何，当你知道得更多，就做得更好)”故结合上下文可知，本句是个人可以做的一些事情。故G选项“也许是让自己沉浸在一个目的地，而不是匆匆忙忙地去看三个地方”符合语境，故选G。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节 阅读表达(共4小题，共12分;第40、41小题，每小题2分;第42题，3分;第43题，5分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。
The musician Moby once said, “Music has no form whatsoever — all it is air moving just a little bit differently. It’s the only art form that you can’t touch.” It is true that we cannot touch music, but that does not mean that music is an invisible art form. There is, in fact, a way to “see” music.
How can we see music? Neuroscientists, people study the human brain, use MRI machines (magnetic resonance imaging machines) to look inside the brain. These tools let them see what actually happens in the brain when people are doing things. For example, the tools let them see the neurons (神经细胞), or brain cells that are in use when people are listening to music. Computer screens linked to MRIs show neurons lighting up when they are in use. And when people listen to music, neurons light up in many parts of the brain.
Neuroscientists have discovered that it isn’t necessary to hear music for the neurons to light up. Even when you just think about a song, these neurons light up. In addition, the same neural activity in the same part of the brain happens when people experience other pleasurable activities. For example, some of the same neurons light up when we eat something delicious or hug a loved one. This is because these neurons are in the areas of the brain that reward us by making us feel good. Negative feelings such as fear or anxiety make neurons in a different area light up. However, when an anxious or frightened person listens to pleasurable music, these neurons stop lighting up.
Now that neuroscientists can “see” the, effects of music on the brain, they want to know what the benefits of music are. It turns out there are many benefits. Neuroscientists have discovered that music can help memory and may keep our brain young. Recent studies show that an elderly musician often has a better visual memory than an elderly non-musician. For example, elderly musicians are better at memorizing a written list of words than their non-musician peers.
Why does music have so many benefits? The answer may be because it uses so many different parts of the brain. According to neuroscientists, using many parts of the brain at one time gives your brain a good “workout.” In fact, one of the best brain “works” is to read music and play a musical instrument at the same time. Reading music while playing an instrument is a challenging task. It uses more parts of the brain simultaneously than most other activities and requires excellent coordination (协调性). It involves both physical movement and mental activity, much like playing a sport such as soccer.
So, although Moby is completely correct that we cannot touch music, it is possible to “see” the effect of music on our brains. There is still a lot to learn about the effects of music on our brains. However, there is no doubt that scientists have shown that music is an extremely powerful art form with many positive effects.
40. How do MRIs help people “see” music?
__________________________________________________________
41. Why did the author mention the elderly musician in paragraph 4?
__________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Pleasurable activities and negative feelings activate neurons in the same part of the brain, but in a different way.
__________________________________________________________
43. Now that you know the many benefits of music, how do you think, music may be able to help you solve your problems in your life? (in about 40 words)
__________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Computer screens linked to MRIs show neurons lighting up when they are in use. And when people listen to music, neurons light up in many parts of the brain.
41. To support the idea that music can help memory and keep our brain young.
42. Pleasurable activities and negative feelings activate neurons in the same part of the brain, but in a different way.
According to the article, negative feelings make neurons in different area light up.
43. 言之有理即可。Music plays an important part in my life. Whenever I go through hard times and feel discouraged, lisening to music always gives me hope and strength， and brings me relief and a sense of satisfaction。
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了神经科学家使用核磁共振成像机来观察音乐对大脑的影响，以及音乐对人类有诸多益处的原因。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“How can we see music? Neuroscientists, people study the human brain, use MRI machines (magnetic resonance imaging machines) to look inside the brain. These tools let them see what actually happens in the brain when people are doing things. For example, the tools let them see the neurons (神经细胞), or brain cells that are in use when people are listening to music. Computer screens linked to MRIs show neurons lighting up when they are in use. And when people listen to music, neurons light up in many parts of the brain.(我们怎么能看到音乐？神经科学家，研究人类大脑的人，使用核磁共振成像机来观察大脑内部。这些工具让他们看到人们在做事时大脑里到底发生了什么。例如，这些工具可以让他们看到人们听音乐时正在使用的神经元或脑细胞。与核磁共振成像相连的电脑屏幕显示，当神经元被使用时，它们会发光。当人们听音乐时，大脑许多部位的神经元都会亮起来。)”可知，通过与核磁共振成像相连的电脑屏幕人们能够“看到”音乐，与核磁共振成像相连的电脑屏幕显示，当神经元被使用时，它们会发光；当人们听音乐时，大脑许多部位的神经元都会亮起来。故答案为Computer screens linked to MRIs show neurons lighting up when they are in use. And when people listen to music, neurons light up in many parts of the brain.
【41题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第四段中“Neuroscientists have discovered that music can help memory and may keep our brain young. Recent studies show that an elderly musician often has a better visual memory than an elderly non-musician. For example, elderly musicians are better at memorizing a written list of words than their non-musician peers.(既然神经科学家可以“看到”音乐对大脑的影响，他们想知道音乐的好处是什么。事实证明，这样做有很多好处。神经科学家发现，音乐可以帮助记忆，让我们的大脑保持年轻。最近的研究表明，一个年老的音乐家通常比一个年老的非音乐家有更好的视觉记忆。例如，年长的音乐家比非音乐家的同龄人更擅长记忆书面单词列表。)”可知，文中提到了年老的音乐家是为了支持文中所阐述的“music can help memory and may keep our brain young(音乐可以帮助记忆和保持大脑年轻)”这一观点。故答案为To support the idea that music can help memory and keep our brain young.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“In addition, the same neural activity in the same part of the brain happens when people experience other pleasurable activities. For example, some of the same neurons light up when we eat something delicious or hug a loved one. This is because these neurons are in the areas of the brain that reward us by making us feel good. Negative feelings such as fear or anxiety make neurons in a different area light up. However, when an anxious or frightened person listens to pleasurable music, these neurons stop lighting up.(此外，当人们经历其他愉快的活动时，大脑的同一部分也会发生相同的神经活动。例如，当我们吃美味的东西或拥抱所爱的人时，一些相同的神经元会被激活。这是因为这些神经元位于大脑中通过让我们感觉良好来奖励我们的区域。恐惧或焦虑等负面情绪会让另一个区域的神经元兴奋起来。然而，当一个焦虑或害怕的人听愉快的音乐时，这些神经元就会停止发光。)”可知，当人们经历愉快的活动时，一些相同的神经元会被激活，而负面情绪会让另一个区域的神经元兴奋起来。故答案为：Pleasurable activities and negative feelings activate neurons in the same part of the brain, but in a different way. According to the article, negative feelings make neurons in different area light up.
【43题详解】
开放性试题，言之有理即可。根据题干“现在你知道了音乐的许多好处，对于音乐可能会帮助你解决你生活中的问题，你是怎么想的”可知，此处可以举例说明音乐在生活中的重性，故答案为：Music plays an important part in my life. Whenever I go through hard times and feel discouraged, lisening to music always gives me hope and strength, and brings me relief and a sense of satisfaction。
第二节(共20分)
44. 假如你是红星中学学生李华，你收到一封学弟小明给你写来的邮件，邀请你分享一下你的学习英语的方法和技巧。请你给小明回复一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.感谢对方的提问；
2.分享自己学习英语的几个方法与技巧。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Xiaoming,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Xiaoming,
I appreciate that you asked the questions about learning English as they are very important to high school students.
I can share with you several tips that I think are very useful. First, we should take notes during the class. In each class, we learn a lot of words and expressions and we can’t remember them all at one time. Taking notes is therefore crucial to our revision. Second, it’s better that we read out our textbooks loudly. It helps us to remember the words and phrases more deeply. Finally, we should read more besides our textbook. It lets us come across more words so that we may recognize them next time we meet them.
Hope these tips may help you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假如你是红星中学学生李华，你收到一封学弟小明给你写来的邮件，邀请你分享一下你的学习英语的方法和技巧。请你给小明回复一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.感谢对方的提问；2.分享自己学习英语的几个方法与技巧。
【详解】1.词汇积累
重要的：important→significant
有用的：useful→helpful
诀窍：tip→knack
遇到：come across→encounter
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Second, it’s better that we read out our textbooks loudly. It helps us to remember the words and phrases more deeply.
拓展句：Second, it’s better that we read out our textbooks loudly, which helps us to remember the words and phrases more deeply.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I appreciate that you asked the questions about learning English as they are very important to high school students.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和as引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] I can share with you several tips that I think are very useful.(运用了that引导的限定性定语从句)
大兴区2022~2023学年度第二学期期中检测
高一英语
第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When I was eight years old, I spent a few weeks of the summer at a Girl Scout camp called Camp Redwing — a place where the scenery was beautiful. My friends and I were all excited about the day’s creek hike.
When one person in the group ___1___ a slug (鼻涕虫), we were all excited. We gathered around pushing each other to be in the front with the best view. And that’s when one of the counselors told us that when you lick (舔) a slug, your ___2___ goes numb. Then the counselor caught it and began ___3___ it around. When the slug made it way to me, my ___4___ took over and I decided to lick it. It was slimy (黏的) and cold, but not as disgusting as I expected. ___5___, it did not numb my tongue; the numbing chemical must have been ___6___ by the time it reached me. The enthusiasm I had to try it out and learn something new is a feeling that has stuck with me since.
When we’re kids, we want to know everything. We bother our parents with ___7___ questions of “Why?” and we try everything in school. But as we grow up and reach high school, then college, curiosity seems to ___8___ a lot.
Now, when I feel myself losing the passion for learning, I remembered to lick the slug — whatever the slug is in that moment. I’ll do anything that ignites that same enthusiasm in me, and I ___9___ what other people think about it. I know that my childlike curiosity is something I don’t want to _____10_____ up, and I try to bring it to the surface as much as I can.
1 A. found B. saved C. held D. killed
2. A. hand B. face C. leg D. tongue
3. A. telling B. passing C. playing D. placing
4. A. courage B. emotion C. curiosity D. ability
5. A. Unfortunately B. Frankly C. Constantly D. Quickly
6. A. wasted B. gone C. spread D. beaten
7. A. difficult B. satisfying C. endless D. short
8. A. decrease B. leave C. change D. affect
9. A. think B. weigh C. ignore D. balance
10. A. use B. set C. break D. give
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. C 10. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者小时候参加夏令营，出于好奇心，舔鼻涕虫的故事。从那以后，作者对尝试和学习新东西的热情就一直伴随着他。他愿意做任何能点燃自己内心同样热情的事情，不理会别人的看法。作者知道自己孩童般的好奇心是他不想放弃的东西，他会试着尽可能地把它表现出来。
【1题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当小组中的一个人发现一只鼻涕虫时，我们都很兴奋。A. found发现；B. saved保存；C. held持有；D. killed杀死。根据下文“We gathered around pushing each other to be in the front with the best view.”可知，有人发现了一只鼻涕虫。故选A。
【2题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：就在那时，一个辅导员告诉我们，当你舔鼻涕虫的时候，你的舌头会麻木。A. hand手；B. face脸；C. leg腿部；D. tongue舌头。根据上文“And that’s when one of the counselors told us that when you lick (舔) a slug”可知，此处指舌头会麻木。故选D。
【3题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后辅导员抓住它，开始传递它。A. telling讲述；B. passing传递；C. playing演奏；D. placing放置。根据上文“Then the counselor caught it”及下文“When the slug made it way to me, my ___4___ took over and I decided to lick it.”可知，辅导员抓住鼻涕虫，开始在组员中传递它。故选B。
【4题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当这条鼻涕虫到我身边时，我的好奇心占据了我，我决定舔它。A. courage勇气；B. emotion情绪；C. curiosity好奇心；D. ability能力。根据下文“I know that my childlike curiosity is something I don’t want to ____10____ up, and I try to bring it to the surface as much as I can.”可知，此处指好奇心占据了我，我决定舔它。故选C。
【5题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，它并没有麻痹我的舌头；那种让人麻木的化学物质到达我的时候肯定已经消失了。A. Unfortunately不幸地；B. Frankly坦率地；C. Constantly不断地；D. Quickly迅速地。根据上文“And that’s when one of the counselors told us that when you lick (舔) a slug, your ___2___ goes numb.”及“When the slug made it way to me, my ___4___ took over and I decided to lick it.”可知，我想尝试一下舌头被麻痹的感觉，但是不幸的是，它并没有麻痹我的舌头。故选A。
【6题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，它并没有麻痹我的舌头；那种让人麻木的化学物质到达我的时候肯定已经消失了。A. wasted浪费；B. gone消失；C. spread传播；D. beaten打。根据上文“it did not numb my tongue”可知，此处指那种让人麻木的化学物质肯定已经消失了。故选B。
【7题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们没完没了地问父母“为什么？”我们在学校里什么都试过了。A. difficult困难的；B. satisfying令人满意的；C. endless没完没了的；D. short短的。根据上文“When we’re kids, we want to know everything.”可知，此处指没完没了地问父母“为什么？”故选C。
【8题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但随着我们长大，上高中，然后上大学，好奇心似乎减少了很多。A. decrease减少；B. leave离开；C. change变化；D. affect影响。根据上文“We bother our parents with ___7___ questions of “Why?” and we try everything in school. But”可知，此处与前面形成转折关系，指好奇心似乎减少了很多。故选A。
【9题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我愿意做任何能点燃我内心同样热情的事情，我不理会别人的看法。A. think思考；B. weigh称重；C. ignore不理会；D. balance平衡。根据上文“I’ll do anything that ignites that same enthusiasm in me”可知，只要能激发我的热情，我就会去做任何事，我不理会别人怎么想。故选C。
【10题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：我知道我的孩子般的好奇心是我不想放弃的东西，我试着尽可能地把它带到表面。A. use (up)用完；B. set (up)设置；C. break (up)打碎；D. give (up)放弃。根据下文“and I try to bring it to the surface as much as I can.”可知，我不想放弃我的孩子般的好奇心。故选D。
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，共15分)
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Every day, upon picking up my 11-year-old son from school, I would ask, “How was your day?” For years, I got the same ____11____ (respond) —“Fine, fine”— with no eye contact. His autism (自闭症) was going to prevent me from the normal chit- chat that parents ____12____ (unconscious) enjoy. One early spring afternoon, I asked the question, expecting the same answer. “How was your day?” My son replied, “Good, good.” Then, he looked at me and said, “How was your day, Mom?” With tears ____13____ (stream) down my face, I said, “It’s really good — the best day ever.”
【答案】11. response
12. unconsciously
13. streaming
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了有自闭症儿子的作者每天问孩子过得怎么样这个问题，期待着同样的答案。儿子有一天问作者，今天过得怎么样，作者泪流满面非常感动，感觉这是有史以来最好的一天。
【11题详解】
考查名词。句意：多年来，我得到的都是同样的回答——“挺好，挺好”——没有眼神交流。此处作宾语，应用名词response。故填response。
【12题详解】
考查副词。句意：他的自闭症将使我无法像父母那样无意识地享受正常的闲聊。此处修饰动词enjoy，应用副词unconsciously，作状语。故填unconsciously。
【13题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：我泪流满面地说：“真是太好了——有史以来最好的一天。”with+宾语+宾补，tears和stream是主动关系，应用现在分词，表示主动，作宾补，故填streaming。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
We all know eating late is bad for us. A new study says it could make us sick. Researchers say that eating before bedtime ____14____ (increase) the risk of obesity. The researchers linked to Harvard Medical School looked into ____15____ eating late increased the risk of putting on weight. They found that eating late doubles our feeling of hunger, so we’ eat more. When we eat ____16____ (early), we are less hungry, so we eat less food. Later eaters also eat unhealthier food, especially fast food. They also move around less before sleeping. This means they do not burn off calories.
【答案】14. increases
15. why##how
16. earlier
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。吃饭太晚对健康有害，研究者通过调查发现吃得晚会增加肥胖风险的原因。
【14题详解】
考查时态。句意：研究人员表示，睡前吃东西会增加肥胖的风险。句子分析可知，设空处在that引导的宾语从句中作谓语动词，此从句阐述客观事实，用一般现在时，eating before bedtime作主语谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填increases。
【15题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：与哈佛医学院有关的研究人员研究了为什么吃得晚会增加体重增加的风险/与哈佛医学院有关的研究人员研究了吃得晚如何增加体重增加的风险。句子分析可知，“____2____ eating late increased the risk of putting on weight”为名词性从句作looked into的宾语，设空处在句中作状语，表示“为什么/如何”，用连接副词why/how。故填why/how。
【16题详解】
考查比较级。句意：当我们吃得早，我们就不那么饿，所以我们吃得少。由空后的“we are less hungry, so we eat less food”可知设空处应填early的比较级earlier。故填earlier。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Andv Warhol was a successful magazine and ad illustrator ____17____ became a leading artist of the 1960s Pop art movement. He was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1926. When he graduated from college, he moved to New York City ____18____ (pursue)a career as a commercial artist. In 1962, he exhibited the now- iconic paintings of Campbell’s soup cans, ____19____ created a major stir in the art world. He also drew portraits and opened his own art studio. His works blurred the lines between fine arts and mainstream aesthetics. By the time of his death in 1987, he ____20____ (become) one of the most important figures in American-art history.
【答案】17. who
18. to pursue
19. which 20. had become
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章对美国艺术史上最重要的杂志和广告插画家之一Andv Warhol进行了简要介绍。
【17题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：Andv Warhol是一位成功的杂志和广告插画家，成为20世纪60年代流行艺术运动的领军艺术家。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为Andv Warhol，因空白处在句子中做主语指人，应使用who引导定语从句，故填who。
【18题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：大学毕业后，他搬到了纽约市，从事商业艺术家的职业。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做状语表示目的，应使用动词不定式，故填to pursue。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：1962年，他展出了坎贝尔汤罐的标志性画作，这在艺术界引起了轩然大波。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为Campbell’s soup cans，因空白处在非限制性定语从句中做主语指物，使用which引导定语从句，故填which。
【20题详解】
考查时态。句意：到1987年他去世时，他已经成为美国艺术史上最重要的人物之一。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做谓语，根据时间状语By the time of his death in 1987可知，主语谓语动词表示的动作在时间状语By the time of his death in 1987表示的时间之前发生，应使用过去完成时，故填had become。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，38分)
第一节(共14小题;每小题2分，共28分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Visitor Guidelines of The Metropolitan Museum
We look forward to welcoming you to The Met! Please review our visitor guidelines outlined below prior to your visit. By visiting in person, you agree to obey the rules, and The Met reserves the right to ask visitors who do not follow these guidelines to leave the Museum.
Health and Safety
The health and safety of all is the first. The Met will continue to monitor and follow guidelines issued by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), New York State, and New York City for health and safety procedures that inform our operations. Masks are strongly recommended. We cannot make sure that you will not be exposed to COVID-19 during your visit to The Met. Those visiting The Met do so at their own risk of such exposure.
Museum Admission
Entrance into the Museum’s galleries requires a ticket or Membership card. New York State residents and New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut students, the amount you pay for tickets is up to you.
If you wish to pay less than the general admission ticket prices, you may purchase your ticket at a Met ticket desk with a valid New York State driver’s license, New York State identification card, student ID, or New York library card.
General Admission
For visitors who are not New York State residents or NY, NJ, or CT students:
General admission is $30 for adults, $22 for seniors, and $17 for students
Admission is free for Members, Patrons, and children under 12
Admission is free for a caregiver accompanying a visitor with a disability.
Members
When you enter the Museum, have your Membership card ready. We’ll scan your card, and you can head right into the galleries without a ticket.
Photography and Video Rule
The Met permits photography and video for private, non-commercial use only at The Met Fifth Avenue and The Met Cloisters.
Hand-Held Cameras and video on personal cellular devices may be used, without a flash (闪光), to photograph and film the galleries unless designated (标明的).
Photographs and video cannot be published, sold, reproduced, transferred, distributed, or otherwise commercially used in any manner.
21. According to the health and safety terms. ______.
A. visitors are required to wear a mask
B. visitors are recommended to wear a mask
C. the Met checks visitors’ vaccination and test results
D. the Met is responsible for COVID exposure
22. 25-year-old Li Hua is a student at New York University, if she visits the Met with a friend, who is a member, and her two brothers, both 27 and visiting from China, how much do they have to pay for the admission at least?
A. $ 60 B. $ 90
C. $ 107 D. $ 77
23 Which of the following is allowed according to the photography and video rule?
A. Shooting items labelled no photo with a hand-held camera.
B. Taking photos with your mobile phone’s flash on.
C. Printing out your photo and sharing it with your friends.
D. Putting your video online and charge money for viewing.
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章是大都会博物馆的访客指南。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Health and Safety”部分的句子“Masks are strongly recommended.”（强烈建议戴口罩）可知，建议游客戴上口罩。故选B项。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Museum Admission”部分的句子“Entrance into the Museum’s galleries requires a ticket or Membership card. New York State residents and New York, New Jersey, and Connecticut students, the amount you pay for tickets is up to you.”（进入博物馆的画廊需要门票或会员卡。纽约州居民和纽约、新泽西、康涅狄格的学生，你支付的门票金额由你自己决定）和“General Admission”部分的句子“For visitors who are not New York State residents or NY, NJ, or CT students: General admission is $30 for adults, $22 for seniors, and $17 for students”（对于非纽约州居民和非纽约、新泽西和康涅狄格州学生的游客：普通门票为成人30美元，老年人22美元，学生17美元），“Admission is free for Members, Patrons, and children under 12”（会员、赞助人和12岁以下儿童免费入场）可知，李华是纽约大学的学生，她的朋友是会员，所以她们不需要买门票，但是她的两个从中国来的哥哥需要每人支付30美元的门票。故选A项。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一部分的句子“Photographs and video cannot be published, sold, reproduced, transferred, distributed, or otherwise commercially used in any manner.”（照片和视频不能出版，出售，复制，转让，分发，或以任何方式用于其他商业用途）可知，在博物馆拍的照片和视频不能用于商业用途，但是可以打印出来后和朋友分享。故选C项。
B
The owner of a house in Sonoma County, California called pest (害虫) control when they spotted worms coming from one of their bedroom walls. Those worms turned out to be meal worms, feeding on an unbelievable amount of acorns (橡树子), believed to be collected by a pair of woodpeckers.
“It was really strange. I had never really seen worms with acorns before,” Castro from the pest control said. But the strangeness was just beginning.
After making a small 4-inch-square hole in the wall, Castro said the acorns began spilling out. That alone wouldn’t be terribly unusual, but they “just kept coming,” he said.
“It was very unbelievable to see the amount,” said Castro. He guesses there were at least 700 pounds of acorns, likely collected over the past two to five years.
Often woodpeckers store acorns on the outside of homes, but hardly do they get them inside. In this case, Castro discovered the birds dropped their treasures through a hole in the chimney and entered the attic through a separate hole to eat.
As they dropped from the attic, tens of thousands of acorns gathered from several nearby oak trees filled the hole of the walls, Castro explained.
But this odd find took unusual to a whole new level for the man who has been working in the pest control industry for more than 20 years.
“On a scale from 1 to 10, this is a 10. It’s a one in a million chance to find something this unusual,” said Castro. “I expected to find a few handfuls, nothing like this.”
It took creating another three holes in the home’s walls to remove all the acorns, which piled and reached about 20 feet high, Castro believed.
Castro and his crew of three spent a full day collecting the nuts.
“We filled eight big black garbage bags. They were so heavy we could hardly pick them up,” said Castro. “They had to have weighed at least a hundred pounds each.”
The acorns were thrown away as they were covered in droppings and bits of fiberglass from the wall’s insulation.
24. Why did the owner called pest control?
A. He had too many acorns. B. He was fed up with woodpeckers.
C. He saw worm coming out his wall. D. He spotted holes on his wall.
25. Castro felt strange because ______.
A. worms hardly comes out from walls B. acorns hardly get worms
C. woodpeckers doesn’t store acorns D. acorns are hardly stored in walls
26. What can we know from the passage?
A. The acorns had seriously damaged the house.
B. The acorns were sold because there were lots of them.
C. Woodpeckers store acorns to get worms to eat.
D. Woodpeckers keep acorns often on the outside of a wall
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了近日，美国加州一灭虫公司在一处民宅进行虫害检查时，意外地从房屋墙内挖出约650斤橡子。后来发现，这些坚果是由一对橡树啄木鸟花了数年时间私藏的。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“The owner of a house in Sonoma County, California called pest (害虫) control when they spotted worms coming from one of their bedroom walls.(加利福尼亚州索诺玛县一所房子的主人发现卧室墙上有虫子，于是打电话给害虫控制中心)”可知，业主打电话给虫害防治中心因为他看见一条虫子从墙上爬出来。故选C。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段““It was really strange. I had never really seen worms with acorns before,” Castro from the pest control said.(“这真的很奇怪。我以前从未见过带橡树子的虫子，”虫害控制中心的卡斯特罗说)”可知，卡斯特罗觉得很奇怪，因为橡树子几乎不会长虫。故选B。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Often woodpeckers store acorns on the outside of homes, but hardly do they get them inside.(啄木鸟经常把橡子放在房子外面，但很少把它们弄进去)”可知，啄木鸟经常把橡子放在墙的外面。故选D。
C
Even if you aren’t into artificial intelligence, it’s time to pay attention to ChatGPT, because this one is a big deal.
The tool, developed by Open AI, lets you type natural-language prompts (提示). ChatGPT then offers conversational responses. The robot remembers the information of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It draws its answers from huge volumes of information on the internet.
ChatGPT seems pretty knowledgeable in areas where there’s good training data for it to learn from. It’s not omniscient (无所不知) or smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound very authoritative (权威的). A few days after its launch, more than a million people were trying out ChatGPT.
But be careful, OpenAI warns. ChatGPT has all kinds of potential disadvantages, some easy to spot and some more subtle (不明显).“It’s a mistake to be depending on it for anything important right now,” OpenAI Chief Executive Sam Altman said. “We have lots of work to do on robustness (稳定性) and truthfulness.”
As OpenAI emphasizes, ChatGPT’s answers can look authoritative but be wrong. “If you ask it a very well-structured question, with the intention that it gives you the right answer, you’ll probably get the right answer,” said Mike Krause, data science director at a different AI company, Beyond Limits. “It’ll be explained clearly and sound like it came from some professor at Harvard. But if you trick it, you’ll get nonsense.”
There have already been many students who use ChatGPT to help them cheat with their homework and essays, but as with many other technology developments, it’s not a simple black-and-white situation. Decades ago, students could copy encyclopedia (百科全书) entries and use calculators, and more recently, they’ve been able to use search engines. ChatGPT offers new abilities for everything from helping with research to doing your homework for you outright.
Many ChatGPT answers already sound like student essays, though often with an unnatural tone. High school teacher Daniel Herman concluded ChatGPT already writes better than most students today. He’s uncertain between admiring ChatGPT’s potential usefulness and fearing its harm to human learning. Dustin York, an associate professor of communication at Maryville University, hopes educators will learn to use ChatGPT as a tool and realize it can help students think critically.
27. Why does the author think ChatGPT is a big deal?
A. Because it’s artificial intelligence that offers conversational responses.
B. Because it’s knowledgeable in areas with good training data to learn from.
C. Because it has all kinds of potential disadvantages, easy to spot or more subtle.
D. Because it helped students with their homework essays and wrote even better.
28. What did Mike Krause mean when he said the underlined words in paragraph 5?
A. ChatGPT was not able to form indirect answers naturally.
B. ChatGPT was not able to answer indirect questions correctly.
C. ChatGPT was not able to reply to indirect questions quickly.
D. ChatGPT was not able to explain indirect answers properly.
29. Why did the author mention encyclopedia, calculators, and search engines?
A. To show that ChatGPT is a tool that can be as helpful.
B. To show that ChatGPT is an invention that will be accepted.
C. To show that students should be allowed to use ChatGPT to write essays.
D. To show that students should be banned to use ChatGPT to write essays.
30. What does the author think of ChatGPT?
A. potential and knowledgeable B. robust and truthful
C. imperfect yet promising D. authoritative yet misleading
【答案】27. B 28. B 29. A 30. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章认为即使你不喜欢人工智能，也是时候关注ChatGPT了，因为这是一件大事。但是要警惕ChatGPT也存在各种潜在的缺点，教育工作者应学会将ChatGPT作为一种工具，帮助学生批判性地思考。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“ChatGPT seems pretty knowledgeable in areas where there’s good training data for it to learn from.( ChatGPT似乎对有良好训练数据可供其学习的领域非常了解)”可知，作者认为ChatGPT是一件大事，因为它在有良好训练数据的领域知识渊博。故选B项。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第五段“As OpenAI emphasizes, ChatGPT’s answers can look authoritative but be wrong. “If you ask it a very well-structured question, with the intention that it gives you the right answer, you’ll probably get the right answer(正如OpenAI所强调的那样，ChatGPT的答案可能看起来很权威，但却是错误的。“如果你问一个结构很好的问题，目的是给你正确的答案，你可能会得到正确的答案)”以及划线句子前面表示语气转折的转折连词but可知，ChatGPT能正确地回答直接提出的问题，而对于非直接提出的问题，可能会出错，故选B项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“ChatGPT offers new abilities for everything from helping with research to doing your homework for you outright.( ChatGPT提供了新的能力，从帮助研究到直接为你做家庭作业)”可知，ChatGPT能作为工具帮助人们，可推理出文中提到百科全书、计算器和搜索引擎的目的是要说明ChatGPT可以作为工具给人们帮助，故选A项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“But be careful, OpenAI warns. ChatGPT has all kinds of potential disadvantages, some easy to spot and some more subtle(但要小心，OpenAI警告说。ChatGPT有各种潜在的缺点，有些很容易发现，有些更微妙,难以发现)”可推理出ChatGPT有不完美之处；根据倒数第二段“ChatGPT offers new abilities for everything from helping with research to doing your homework for you outright.( ChatGPT提供了新的能力，从帮助研究到直接为你做家庭作业)”可知ChatGPT能够作为工具给人们提供帮助，可推理出ChatGPT有光明的未来，故选C项。
D
Whales are an important part of the ocean. They maintain the ocean ecosystem by providing important nutrients for phytoplankton (浮游植物), microscopic organism (微生物) in the ocean, to grow as food for fish and other animals. Phytoplankton also carry out photosynthesis (光合作用) to keep carbon dioxide level low in the atmosphere to keep the Earth cool. So, without whales, the oceans wouldn’t be healthy.
Currently, North Atlantic right whales are critically endangered. Scientists from University of South Carolina and Cornell University imagined that it is the warmer ocean waters that force whales to go to new places that don’t have rules, such as speed limits for ships, shorter fishing seasons, etc., to protect whales.
To see if climate changes can explain the loss of whales, scientists analyzed the water temperature near the Gulf of Maine, the feeding place of the whales. The temperature is affected by the position of Gulf Stream which brings warm water from the south.
They also looked at population data for the whales and their food, which is primarily small shrimps and crabs called copepods. They estimated how the whale population changed based on the number of whale sightings, whale birth and their bodies. Finally, they analyzed how the change in the water temperature related to the change in the whale population.
The result showed that since 2010, the Gulf Stream has been farther north than ever before, bringing warmer waters to the region. The population data shows a significant decrease in copepods population beginning in 2010. This means there has been less food available for the whales.
The best explanation is that global warming is causing the northward shift of the Gulf Stream, which is consistent with climate change, and making the waters near the Gulf of Maine warmer. However, copepods prefer cold water. Warmer water wakes them too early, they miss the nutritious spring phytoplankton bloom they need to grow. Besides, when the Gulf Stream is farther north, less copepods are brought into the Gulf of Maine.
With food levels too low, fewer whales are born, and fewer survive. To find enough food, some whales swim north to the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Therefore, there were more whale sightings there. It also explains why there were more whale deaths in the area in 2017 and 2019. By looking at the carcasses, scientists know that ships hit the whales, or they got trapped in fishing gear. So, climate change both makes the whales’ food shorter and causes them to move to new places, making it harder to protect them.
Global warming doesn’t only change the weather; it changes the ocean. To protect ocean species and keep our oceans healthy, governments need to adjust how they manage the ocean.
31. Scientists in the study collected the following types of data EXCEPT the ______.
A. temperatures of waters B. population of whales
C. population of copepods D. population of phytoplankton
32. Which of the following statements is FALSE according to the article?
A. Whales move to get enough copepods to eat.
B. Copepods need phytoplankton to grow.
C. Phytoplankton cause global warming.
D. Global warming causes the shift of Gulf Stream.
33. What does the underlined word “carcass” in paragraph 7 mean?
A. dead body B. wounded body
C. trapped body D. lost body
34. What should the governments do to save the whales according to the author?
A. Governments should control ocean traffics that kill the whales.
B. Governments should take means to slow down global warming.
C. Governments should ban fishing in the area where the whales live.
D. Governments should keep the warm water away from the Gulf of Maine.
【答案】31 D 32. C 33. A 34. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们通过研究找到了全球变暖和鲸鱼数量减少之间的关系。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章的第三段“To see if climate changes can explain the loss of whales, scientists analyzed the water temperature near the Gulf of Maine, the feeding place of the whales. The temperature is affected by the position of Gulf Stream which brings warm water from the south.（为了了解气候变化是否可以解释鲸鱼数量的减少，科学家们分析了缅因湾附近的水温，缅因湾是鲸鱼的觅食地。温度受墨西哥湾暖流位置的影响，墨西哥湾暖流从南部带来温暖的海水）”和第四段“They also looked at population data for the whales and their food, which is primarily small shrimps and crabs called copepods. They estimated how the whale population changed based on the number of whale sightings, whale birth and their bodies. Finally, they analyzed how the change in the water temperature related to the change in the whale population.（他们还研究了鲸鱼和它们的食物的数量数据，这些食物主要是被称为桡足类的小虾和螃蟹。他们根据看到鲸鱼的数量、鲸鱼的出生和它们的身体来估计鲸鱼数量的变化。最后，他们分析了水温的变化与鲸鱼数量的变化之间的关系）”可知，科学家们收集的数据包括：水温、鲸鱼数量、桡足类动物的数量，但不包括浮游植物的数量。故选D项。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第七段的句子“With food levels too low, fewer whales are born, and fewer survive. To find enough food, some whales swim north to the Gulf of St. Lawrence.（由于食物水平过低，鲸鱼出生数量减少，存活数量减少。为了找到足够的食物，一些鲸鱼向北游到圣劳伦斯湾）”可知，鲸鱼移动是为了获取足够的桡足类食物。根据第六段的句子“However, copepods prefer cold water. Warmer water wakes them too early, they miss the nutritious spring phytoplankton bloom they need to grow.（然而，桡足类动物更喜欢冷水。温暖的海水过早地唤醒了它们，它们错过了它们生长所需的营养丰富的春季浮游植物繁盛期）”可知，桡足类需要浮游植物来生长。根据第六段的句子“The best explanation is that global warming is causing the northward shift of the Gulf Stream, which is consistent with climate change, and making the waters near the Gulf of Maine warmer.（最好的解释是，全球变暖导致墨西哥湾暖流向北移动，这与气候变化是一致的，并使缅因湾附近的水域变暖）”可知，全球变暖导致了墨西哥湾流的转移。文章没有提到浮游植物导致全球变暖。故选C项。
【33题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线单词后面的部分“scientists know that ships hit the whales, or they got trapped in fishing gear（科学家们知道船只撞到了鲸鱼，或者鲸鱼被渔具困住了）”可知，科学家们一定是通过研究鲸鱼的尸体，才知道船只撞到了鲸鱼，或者鲸鱼被渔具困住了，所以，划线单词“carcasses”的意义为“尸体”。故选A项。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据第七段的最后一句“So, climate change both makes the whales’ food shorter and causes them to move to new places, making it harder to protect them.（因此，气候变化既使鲸鱼的食物变少，又使它们迁移到新的地方，这使得保护它们变得更加困难）”和最后一段“Global warming doesn’t only change the weather; it changes the ocean. To protect ocean species and keep our oceans healthy, governments need to adjust how they manage the ocean.（全球变暖不仅改变了天气；它改变了海洋。为了保护海洋物种，保持海洋健康，政府需要调整他们管理海洋的方式）”可推论出，要拯救鲸鱼，政府应该采取措施减缓全球变暖。故选B项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Don’t Get Lost in the Term of Eco-tourism
Given that tourism produces harmful emissions, the term “green travel” can seem contradictory. Green travel will not solve the climate crisis, but knowing what to look for can allow you to make choices that do less harm and more good if you do choose to travel. ____35____
Don’t get hung up on the terms.
The key to better understanding and identifying sustainable travel options is recognizing that it’s actually actions—not words—that matter. Definitions can vary from person to person. ____36____
Ask questions.
Before you book a tour or hotel, prepare questions. For example: Do they support the local economy? Are they ensuring the preservation of the natural environment? ____37____ However, if you can’t find answers on the website, contact the property or tour operator directly.
____38____
You don’t have to plan a responsible travel and the ever-changing term alone. Contact organizations that provide training, accreditation and transparent standards. You can also join responsible travel communities on social media, where you can ask questions, share resources and learn alongside other travelers who share your values.
Start now.
You can’t do everything at once right away. Decide what you can do. Maybe it’s contributing to a conservation or community project. ____39____ Anyway, when you know better, do better.
A. Lean on and learn from others.
B. Find an operator who shares your personal values.
C. But it’s the truth behind the term that really matters.
D. Ask what the local government can provide you with.
E. Search for the answers such as data and policies on a company’s website.
F. Here are some expert tips on how to understand the vocabulary of green travel.
G. Maybe it’s immersing yourself in one destination rather than rushing around to see three.
【答案】35. F 36. C 37. E 38. A 39. G
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种理解和实践真正的生态旅游的建议。
【35题详解】
根据上文“Given that tourism produces harmful emissions, the term “green travel” can seem contradictory. Green travel will not solve the climate crisis, but knowing what to look for can allow you to make choices that do less harm and more good if you do choose to travel.(鉴于旅游业会产生有害气体，“绿色出行”一词似乎有些矛盾。绿色出行并不能解决气候危机，但如果你真的选择出行，知道要寻找什么可以让你做出伤害更少、好处更多的选择)” 可知，本句为过渡句，起承上启下的作用，根据标题和后文的小标题可知，文本主要介绍了几种理解和实践真正的生态旅游的建议。故F选项“这里有一些关于如何理解绿色出行词汇的专家建议”符合语境，故选F。
【36题详解】
根据上文“The key to better understanding and identifying sustainable travel options is recognizing that it’s actually actions—not words—that matter. Definitions can vary from person to person.(更好地理解和确定可持续旅游选择的关键是要认识到，重要的是行动，而不是语言。定义因人而异)”可知，本句承接上一句，每个人对这个术语的定义都不一样，因此定义不重要，定义之后隐藏的真相才重要。故C选项“但真正重要的是这个词背后的真相”符合语境，故选C。
【37题详解】
根据后文“However, if you can’t find answers on the website, contact the property or tour operator directly.(但是，如果你在网站上找不到答案，可以直接联系酒店或旅行社)”可知，本句列举实例，可以在公司网站上找一些相关材料，并联系下文，如果找不到需要及时联系。故E选项“在公司网站上搜索数据和政策等答案”符合语境，故选E。
【38题详解】
根据本段内容“You don’t have to plan a responsible travel and the ever-changing term alone. Contact organizations that provide training, accreditation and transparent standards. You can also join responsible travel communities on social media, where you can ask questions, share resources and learn alongside other travelers who share your values.(你不必独自计划一次负责任的旅行和不断变化的术语。联系那些提供培训、认证和透明标准的组织。你也可以在社交媒体上加入负责任的旅游社区，在那里你可以提出问题，分享资源，并与其他与你有相同价值观的旅行者一起学习)”可知，本段内容是要学会向他人求助和学习。故A选项“依靠别人，向别人学习”符合语境，故选A。
【39题详解】
根据上文“You can’t do everything at once right away. Decide what you can do. Maybe it’s contributing to a conservation or community project.(你不能马上做所有的事情。决定你能做什么。也许是对环境保护或社区项目的贡献)”以及后文“Anyway, when you know better, do better.(无论如何，当你知道得更多，就做得更好)”故结合上下文可知，本句是个人可以做的一些事情。故G选项“也许是让自己沉浸在一个目的地，而不是匆匆忙忙地去看三个地方”符合语境，故选G。
第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分)
第一节 阅读表达(共4小题，共12分;第40、41小题，每小题2分;第42题，3分;第43题，5分)
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英语回答问题。
The musician Moby once said, “Music has no form whatsoever — all it is air moving just a little bit differently. It’s the only art form that you can’t touch.” It is true that we cannot touch music, but that does not mean that music is an invisible art form. There is, in fact, a way to “see” music.
How can we see music? Neuroscientists, people study the human brain, use MRI machines (magnetic resonance imaging machines) to look inside the brain. These tools let them see what actually happens in the brain when people are doing things. For example, the tools let them see the neurons (神经细胞), or brain cells that are in use when people are listening to music. Computer screens linked to MRIs show neurons lighting up when they are in use. And when people listen to music, neurons light up in many parts of the brain.
Neuroscientists have discovered that it isn’t necessary to hear music for the neurons to light up. Even when you just think about a song, these neurons light up. In addition, the same neural activity in the same part of the brain happens when people experience other pleasurable activities. For example, some of the same neurons light up when we eat something delicious or hug a loved one. This is because these neurons are in the areas of the brain that reward us by making us feel good. Negative feelings such as fear or anxiety make neurons in a different area light up. However, when an anxious or frightened person listens to pleasurable music, these neurons stop lighting up.
Now that neuroscientists can “see” the, effects of music on the brain, they want to know what the benefits of music are. It turns out there are many benefits. Neuroscientists have discovered that music can help memory and may keep our brain young. Recent studies show that an elderly musician often has a better visual memory than an elderly non-musician. For example, elderly musicians are better at memorizing a written list of words than their non-musician peers.
Why does music have so many benefits? The answer may be because it uses so many different parts of the brain. According to neuroscientists, using many parts of the brain at one time gives your brain a good “workout.” In fact, one of the best brain “works” is to read music and play a musical instrument at the same time. Reading music while playing an instrument is a challenging task. It uses more parts of the brain simultaneously than most other activities and requires excellent coordination (协调性). It involves both physical movement and mental activity, much like playing a sport such as soccer.
So, although Moby is completely correct that we cannot touch music, it is possible to “see” the effect of music on our brains. There is still a lot to learn about the effects of music on our brains. However, there is no doubt that scientists have shown that music is an extremely powerful art form with many positive effects.
40. How do MRIs help people “see” music?
__________________________________________________________
41. Why did the author mention the elderly musician in paragraph 4?
__________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Pleasurable activities and negative feelings activate neurons in the same part of the brain, but in a different way.
__________________________________________________________
43. Now that you know the many benefits of music, how do you think, music may be able to help you solve your problems in your life? (in about 40 words)
__________________________________________________________
【答案】40. Computer screens linked to MRIs show neurons lighting up when they are in use. And when people listen to music, neurons light up in many parts of the brain.
41. To support the idea that music can help memory and keep our brain young.
42. Pleasurable activities and negative feelings activate neurons in the same part of the brain, but in a different way.
According to the article, negative feelings make neurons in different area light up.
43. 言之有理即可。Music plays an important part in my life. Whenever I go through hard times and feel discouraged, lisening to music always gives me hope and strength， and brings me relief and a sense of satisfaction。
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了神经科学家使用核磁共振成像机来观察音乐对大脑的影响，以及音乐对人类有诸多益处的原因。
【40题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第二段“How can we see music? Neuroscientists, people study the human brain, use MRI machines (magnetic resonance imaging machines) to look inside the brain. These tools let them see what actually happens in the brain when people are doing things. For example, the tools let them see the neurons (神经细胞), or brain cells that are in use when people are listening to music. Computer screens linked to MRIs show neurons lighting up when they are in use. And when people listen to music, neurons light up in many parts of the brain.(我们怎么能看到音乐？神经科学家，研究人类大脑的人，使用核磁共振成像机来观察大脑内部。这些工具让他们看到人们在做事时大脑里到底发生了什么。例如，这些工具可以让他们看到人们听音乐时正在使用的神经元或脑细胞。与核磁共振成像相连的电脑屏幕显示，当神经元被使用时，它们会发光。当人们听音乐时，大脑许多部位的神经元都会亮起来。)”可知，通过与核磁共振成像相连的电脑屏幕人们能够“看到”音乐，与核磁共振成像相连的电脑屏幕显示，当神经元被使用时，它们会发光；当人们听音乐时，大脑许多部位的神经元都会亮起来。故答案为Computer screens linked to MRIs show neurons lighting up when they are in use. And when people listen to music, neurons light up in many parts of the brain.
【41题详解】
考查推理判断。根据第四段中“Neuroscientists have discovered that music can help memory and may keep our brain young. Recent studies show that an elderly musician often has a better visual memory than an elderly non-musician. For example, elderly musicians are better at memorizing a written list of words than their non-musician peers.(既然神经科学家可以“看到”音乐对大脑的影响，他们想知道音乐的好处是什么。事实证明，这样做有很多好处。神经科学家发现，音乐可以帮助记忆，让我们的大脑保持年轻。最近的研究表明，一个年老的音乐家通常比一个年老的非音乐家有更好的视觉记忆。例如，年长的音乐家比非音乐家的同龄人更擅长记忆书面单词列表。)”可知，文中提到了年老的音乐家是为了支持文中所阐述的“music can help memory and may keep our brain young(音乐可以帮助记忆和保持大脑年轻)”这一观点。故答案为To support the idea that music can help memory and keep our brain young.
【42题详解】
考查细节理解。根据第三段中“In addition, the same neural activity in the same part of the brain happens when people experience other pleasurable activities. For example, some of the same neurons light up when we eat something delicious or hug a loved one. This is because these neurons are in the areas of the brain that reward us by making us feel good. Negative feelings such as fear or anxiety make neurons in a different area light up. However, when an anxious or frightened person listens to pleasurable music, these neurons stop lighting up.(此外，当人们经历其他愉快的活动时，大脑的同一部分也会发生相同的神经活动。例如，当我们吃美味的东西或拥抱所爱的人时，一些相同的神经元会被激活。这是因为这些神经元位于大脑中通过让我们感觉良好来奖励我们的区域。恐惧或焦虑等负面情绪会让另一个区域的神经元兴奋起来。然而，当一个焦虑或害怕的人听愉快的音乐时，这些神经元就会停止发光。)”可知，当人们经历愉快的活动时，一些相同的神经元会被激活，而负面情绪会让另一个区域的神经元兴奋起来。故答案为：Pleasurable activities and negative feelings activate neurons in the same part of the brain, but in a different way. According to the article, negative feelings make neurons in different area light up.
【43题详解】
开放性试题，言之有理即可。根据题干“现在你知道了音乐的许多好处，对于音乐可能会帮助你解决你生活中的问题，你是怎么想的”可知，此处可以举例说明音乐在生活中的重性，故答案为：Music plays an important part in my life. Whenever I go through hard times and feel discouraged, lisening to music always gives me hope and strength, and brings me relief and a sense of satisfaction。
第二节(共20分)
44. 假如你是红星中学学生李华，你收到一封学弟小明给你写来的邮件，邀请你分享一下你的学习英语的方法和技巧。请你给小明回复一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1.感谢对方的提问；
2.分享自己学习英语的几个方法与技巧。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Xiaoming,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Xiaoming,
I appreciate that you asked the questions about learning English as they are very important to high school students.
I can share with you several tips that I think are very useful. First, we should take notes during the class. In each class, we learn a lot of words and expressions and we can’t remember them all at one time. Taking notes is therefore crucial to our revision. Second, it’s better that we read out our textbooks loudly. It helps us to remember the words and phrases more deeply. Finally, we should read more besides our textbook. It lets us come across more words so that we may recognize them next time we meet them.
Hope these tips may help you.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，假如你是红星中学学生李华，你收到一封学弟小明给你写来的邮件，邀请你分享一下你的学习英语的方法和技巧。请你给小明回复一封电子邮件，内容包括：1.感谢对方的提问；2.分享自己学习英语的几个方法与技巧。
【详解】1.词汇积累
重要的：important→significant
有用的：useful→helpful
诀窍：tip→knack
遇到：come across→encounter
2.句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：Second, it’s better that we read out our textbooks loudly. It helps us to remember the words and phrases more deeply.
拓展句：Second, it’s better that we read out our textbooks loudly, which helps us to remember the words and phrases more deeply.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I appreciate that you asked the questions about learning English as they are very important to high school students.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和as引导的原因状语从句)
[高分句型2] I can share with you several tips that I think are very useful.(运用了that引导的限定性定语从句)
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