湖南省岳阳市2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末试题（Word版附解析）

这是一份湖南省岳阳市2022-2023学年高二英语下学期期末试题（Word版附解析），共23页。试卷主要包含了本试卷分为四部分，共12页等内容，欢迎下载使用。

岳阳市2023年高二教学质量监测
英 语
时量：120分钟;满分：150分。
注意事项：
1．本试卷分为四部分，共12页。
2．答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考证号与校名填写在答题卡的相应位置。
3．全部答案在答题卡上完成，答在本试卷上无效。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是 C。
1. When did the man enjoy the space-based lecture?
A. Thursday. B. Wednesday. C. Friday.
2. What is the man busy doing?
A. Attending an exhibition. B. Organizing an exhibition. C. Visiting an exhibition.
3.What is the woman?
A. A student. B. A teacher. C. An engineer.
4.Which sport will the woman probably learn?
A. Water-skiing. B. Swimming. C. Diving.
5.What are the speakers talking about?
A.A band. B.A radio program. C. A travel plan.
第二节(共15题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟;听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Where did the girl get her backpack?
A. At a downtown store. B. From his sister. C. From an online store.
7. Whose class do the speakers both have today?
A. Mrs. Johnson’s. B. Mr. Jenkins’. C. Mrs. Smith’s.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a coffee shop. B. In a cinema. C. In a museum.
9. Why is Andy nice and safe at home?
A. Because of the neighbour’s help.
B. Due to the meal at two o’clock.
C. Thanks to the TV programme.
10.What will the man take Andy to do tomorrow?
A. Go to the beach. B. Go to Egypt. C. See a movie about picnics.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.How do the scientists analyze the air?
A. By breaking earth down.
B. By finding different chemicals.
C. By painting colors on their surface.
12.Which is used to determine the age of the rocks?
A. The level. B. The color. C. The size.
13. What samples have been analyzed most recently?
A. Those from the moon. B. Those from Mars. C. Those from Venus. (金星)
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What is the man doing?
A. Making holiday plans. B. Asking for suggestions. C. Watching maps online.
15. Which route does the man recommend?
A. The quicker route. B. The longer route. C. The more difficult route.
16. What makes the man know everything about traveling?
A. The Internet. B. The guidebook. C. His travel experience.
17. What does the woman think of the man?
A. He is easygoing. B. He is too nervous. C. He is very organized.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. How can the astronauts control their days?
A. By Russian Time. B. By space Time. C. By Universal Time.
19. Why can the astronauts get in touch with the teams on the ground?
A They can receive mail regularly.
B. They have evening conferences.
C. They can work out plans.
20. What do the astronauts do each day ?
A. Walk outside. B. Repair equipment. C. Examine equipment.
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题，每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A, B, C和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
The World’s Most Beautiful Places
Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, Uganda
Dense, lush and otherworldly, Bwindi Impenetrable Forest is one of the last habitats of the mountain gorilla. Several hundred call this UNESCO-protected national park home, with the chance for visitors to trek to and meet habituated groups. Its biodiversity extends far beyond its most famous inhabitants, however, almost 350 bird species and around 220 butterfly species can be found within its 331-square-kilometer expanse.
Samburu, Kenya
Thanks to its relative inaccessibility in the heart of Kenya, Samburu is a shelter for some of Africa’s most attractive wildlife. The grassland and acacia(金合欢树)-dotted landscapes of its national reserve are home to the endangered reticulated (网状的) giraffe and Grevy’s zebra, as well as the pioneering Elephant Watch Camp.
Mount Toubkal, Morocco
At 4,167 meters(13,671 feet),Mount Toubkal lays claim to the title of “the roof of North Africa.”The path to its summit zigzags across empty valleys, past holy lands and up steep snowfields before emerging onto a ridge that falls away to give climbers matchless views across the Atlas Mountains.
Zhangjiajie National Forest Park, China
China’s first UNESCO World Heritage Site, Zhangjiajie National Forest Park in Hunan Province is known for its towering sandstone pillars.
Best explored on foot, its back trails make for an easy way to escape the crowds and find the best views. As the mists descend, it’s easy to see why this area has long been an inspiration for traditional Chinese paintings.
1. What do we know about Bwindi Impenetrable Forest?
A. It is the last habitat of the mountain gorilla. B. Almost 350 birds can be found there.
C. There are exactly 220 butterfly species there. D. We can find a diversity of species in it.
2. Why is Sambura home to some of most appealing wildlife according to the passage?
A. It has acacia-dotted landscapes. B. There is a vast grassland there.
C. The weather there is fit for wildlife. D. It is difficult for people to go there.
3. What do Bwindi Impenetrable Forest and Zhangjiajie National Forest Park have in common?
A. They are both under the protection of UNESCO.
B. They are both known for its towering sandstone pillars.
C. They both have diverse species.
D. They both have empty valleys.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个世界上最美的地方。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Its biodiversity extends far beyond its most famous inhabitants, however, almost 350 bird species and around 220 butterfly species can be found within its 331-square-kilometer expanse.(它的生物多样性远远超出了它最著名的居民，然而，在它331平方公里的范围内，可以发现近350种鸟类和大约220种蝴蝶)”可知，布温迪密林可以发现物种的多样性。故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Thanks to its relative inaccessibility in the heart of Kenya, Samburu is a shelter for some of Africa’s most attractive wildlife.(由于位于肯尼亚中心地带的交通不便，桑布鲁成为了非洲一些最具吸引力的野生动物的避难所)”可知，桑布拉是一些最吸引人的野生动物的家园因为人们很难去那里。故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Several hundred call this UNESCO-protected national park home, with the chance for visitors to trek to and meet habituated groups.(数百人将这个受联合国教科文组织保护的国家公园称为家园，游客有机会徒步旅行并与习惯的团体会面)”以及最后一段“China’s first UNESCO World Heritage Site, Zhangjiajie National Forest Park in Hunan Province is known for its towering sandstone pillars.(湖南省张家界国家森林公园是中国首个联合国教科文组织世界遗产，以其高耸的砂岩柱而闻名)”可知，布温迪密林和张家界国家森林公园的共同之处是都受到联合国教科文组织的保护。故选A。
B
When the pandemic hit, I told my editors I’d go wherever they needed me-Italy, China, New York, any of the hot spots. Their response was, essentially, easy, tiger. It’s not going to work like that anymore. Nobody was going anywhere. So I had to figure out what to do to contribute responsibly to a story that has affected everybody in the world. I soon realized it meant working in my own backyard, which for me means the Midwest. I started driving all over, sleep some nights in my truck. I was looking for what the virus meant to people in “flyover country”, a part of county that is often ignored.
I had to change the way I work. How do you photograph people from a distance? How do you enter people’s intimate spaces responsibly?
I began using a drone. I would call out to people and say, Hey, do you mind if I use my coronavirus social-distance flying camera to take your picture? Being Midwesterners, the response was usually, Do what you got to do. The drone, which I flew relatively low to the ground, allowed me to take pictures from a distance. But it also amplified the dystopian(反乌托邦), surreal mood that we’re all grappling with now.
After I took photos, I’d leave a note with my contact information on the person’s car, on the front step or in the mailbox. I’d say, contact me if you want to tell me more about what’s going on in your life, and I’ll send you a picture. I was moved by the responses I received, long emails from people who wanted to have their story told or just needed someone to talk to. I saw two people chatting in a front yard, one sitting on the steps, the other in a chair six feet away. It looked like an ordinary thing, but then I received emails from them. One worked in an ICU; they’d been close friends their whole lives, and now they were both really struggling.
Everybody’s got an important story to tell. To meet people and photograph them, I decided for myself that I was an essential worker. I felt so grateful that I had photography, because I could be out in the world, I could see things for myself. I had a sense of purpose.
4. Which of the following best explains “ easy ,tiger” underlined in paragraph 1?
A. Talk to people. B. Go to the zoo.
C. Calm down. D. Give up your job.
5. What’s the attitude of Midwesterners towards being taken by a drone?
A. Anxious. B. Embarrassed. C. Sensitive. D. Approving.
6. What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us?
A. Photos and stories help to reveal the truth of life.
B. People wrote notes to the writer.
C. The two people in a picture were talking happily.
D. The need to communicate is a key characteristic of human society.
7. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. People desired to talk with each other.
B. Photography is an aid to understanding the world.
C. The writer took photos with a drone.
D. A drone plays a vital role in aerial photography.
【答案】4. C 5. D 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在疫情期间采用不同的方式继续摄影工作的经历，作者感慨摄影有助于了解世界。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据下文“It’s not going to work like that anymore. Nobody was going anywhere.(不会再像以前那样工作了。没有人去任何地方)”可知，下文表达“不会再去像以前那样去任何地方了”可知，他们的回答很平静。可推理出划线词的含义为“冷静下来”，故选C项。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Being Midwesterners, the response was usually, Do what you got to do.The drone, which I flew relatively low to the ground, allowed me to take pictures from a distance.(作为中西部人，人们的反应通常是，做你该做的事。这架无人机，我飞得离地面相对较低，允许我从远处拍照)”可推理出，中西部人对别人使用无人机拍照持支持的态度，故选D项。
【6题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段段“I was moved by the responses I received, long emails from people who wanted to have their story told or just needed someone to talk to.(我被我收到的回复所打动，这些回复是来自那些想讲述自己故事或只需要找人倾诉的人的长电子邮件)”可知，本段主要讲的是照片和故事有助于揭示生活的真相，故选A项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“So I had to figure out what to do to contribute responsibly to a story that has affected everybody in the world.( 因此，我必须想办法负责任地为一个影响到世界上每个人的故事配图)”、第三段“Being Midwesterners, the response was usually, Do what you got to do.(作为中西部人，人们的反应通常是，做你该做的事)”、倒数第二段“I was moved by the responses I received, long emails from people who wanted to have their story told or just needed someone to talk to.(我被我收到的回复所打动，这些回复是来自那些想讲述自己故事或只需要找人倾诉的人的长电子邮件)”以及最后一段“Everybody’s got an important story to tell. To meet people and photograph them, I decided for myself that I was an essential worker. I felt so grateful that I had photography, because I could be out in the world, I could see things for myself. I had a sense of purpose.(每个人都有一个重要的故事要讲。为了与人们见面并为他们拍照，我自己决定自己是一名重要的工作者。我很感激我有了摄影，因为我可以在这个世界上，我可以自己看东西。我有一种目标感)”可知，本文主要讲的是摄影有助于了解世界，故选B项。
C
I grew up in the Great Lakes State, and for many years now, during my annual summer, visit back to Michigan, I’m always happy about what I don’t see. I don’t see crowds of Californians rushing lovely lakeside towns like Petoskey or Glen Arbor. I don’t see hundreds of New Yorkers playing about Lake Michigan or coming down the steep white sands of Sleeping Bear Dunes.
No offense to the masses on both coasts, but I’ve always been glad the original charms of northwest Michigan felt like my secret-or at least a secret held by a smaller group of people, largely from the Midwest.
Lately, however, I’ve been thinking about the downside of being out of sight and out of mind.
Most people seldom think about Lakes Michigan, Huron, Superior, Erie, and Ontario. Many can’t even name all five. But they should care about them because, as Tim Folger writes in this month’s cover story, the Great Lakes are “arguably the continent’s most precious resource, unmeasurably more valuable than oil, gas, or coal.”
Together the lakes hold more than 20 percent of the surface freshwater on Earth and 84 percent of the surface freshwater in North America. Almost 40 million Americans and Canadians “drink from the lakes, fish on them, transport goods over them, farm their shores, and work in cities that wouldn’t exist” without them, Folger writes.
And yet we abuse them terribly: polluting them, introducing invasive species, allowing fertilizer runoff(径流) to create algal(藻类) blooms large enough that they can be seen from space. Climate change means the lakes don’t freeze as much as they used to, and severe storms have become more frequent.
So read Folger’s story. Appreciate the beauty of the landscape in the amazing photos by Keith Ladzinski. Become an advocate to protect our Great Lakes.
8. What can be inferred from paragraph 1?
A. The Great Lakes State is crowded.
B. Fewer visitors are favourable there in summer.
C. The writer hopes to play about Lake Michigan.
D. The writer likes the warm atmosphere.
9. What does Tim Folger think of the Great Lakes?
A. They are as important as oil.
B. They are infinitely superior to oil, gas or coal.
C. All Americans and Canadians depend on them to live.
D. They are the most important resource in the world.
10. Which of the following is the current situation of the Great Lakes?
A. The lakes hold 20 percent of the surface freshwater on Earth.
B. They don’t freeze at all because of climate changes.
C. Algal blooms are invisible from space.
D. People don’t treat them well.
11 What is the purpose of the passage?
A. To recommend Folger’s book.
B. To attract more visitors to the Great Lakes.
C. To call on people to save the Great Lakes.
D. To tell people how to save the continent.
【答案】8. B 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小在五大湖区长大，但是对人们滥用五大湖区感到烦恼，作者倡导每个人都成为保护五大湖的倡导者。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“I don’t see crowds of Californians rushing lovely lakeside towns like Petoskey or Glen Arbor. I don’t see hundreds of New Yorkers playing about Lake Michigan or coming down the steep white sands of Sleeping Bear Dunes.( 我没有看到成群的加利福尼亚人涌向像佩托斯基或格伦阿伯这样美丽的湖边小镇。我没有看到数百名纽约人在密歇根湖玩耍，也没有看到他们从睡熊沙丘陡峭的白色沙滩上下来)”可推理出，没有多少游客喜欢在夏天到那里去，故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“But they should care about them because, as Tim Folger writes in this month’s cover story, the Great Lakes are “arguably the continent’s most precious resource, unmeasurably more valuable than oil, gas, or coal.”(但他们应该关心大湖，因为正如蒂姆·福尔杰在本月的封面故事中所写的那样，大湖“可以说是美洲大陆最宝贵的资源，比石油、天然气或煤炭更有价值”)”可知，认为五大湖区比石油、天然气或煤炭优越得多，故选B项。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的句子“And yet we abuse them terribly: polluting them, introducing invasive species, allowing fertilizer runoff(径流) to create algal(藻类) blooms large enough that they can be seen from space.(然而，我们对它们的滥用非常严重：污染它们，引入入侵物种，允许肥料径流产生足够大的藻华，从太空中可以看到它们)”可知，人们没有好好地对待五大湖，故选D项。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段的句子“I grew up in the Great Lakes State, and for many years now, during my annual summer, visit back to Michigan, I’m always happy about what I don’t see.( 我在五大湖州长大，多年来，在每年的夏天，我都会回到密歇根州，我总是为自己没有看到的东西感到高兴)”、倒数第二段的句子“And yet we abuse them terribly: polluting them, introducing invasive species, allowing fertilizer runoff(径流) to create algal(藻类) blooms large enough that they can be seen from space.(然而，我们对它们的滥用非常严重：污染它们，引入入侵物种，允许肥料径流产生足够大的藻华，从太空中可以看到它们)”以及最后一段“So read Folger’s story. Appreciate the beauty of the landscape in the amazing photos by Keith Ladzinski. Become an advocate to protect our Great Lakes(所以读一下福尔格的故事。欣赏Keith Ladzinski拍摄的令人惊叹的照片中的风景之美。成为保护我们五大湖的倡导者)”可知本文的主要目的是号召人们拯救五大湖，故选C项。
D
Ask the new artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT to write an essay about the cause of the American Civil War and you can watch it write a persuasive term paper in a matter of seconds. That’s one reason why New York City school officials this week started blocking the impressive but controversial writing tool that can generate paragraphs of human-like text.
The decision by the largest U.S. school district to restrict the ChatGPT website on school devices and networks could have chain reaction on other schools, and teachers rushing to figure out how to prevent cheating. The creators of ChatGPT say they’re also looking for ways to detect misuse.
ChatGPT launched on Nov. 30 is developed by OpenAI, which has a close relationship with Microsoft. It’s part of a new generation of AI systems that can converse, generate readable text on demand and even produce novel images and video based on what they’ve learned from a vast database of digital books, online writings and other media.
The ChatGPT tool is available for free to anyone with an internet connection and designed to be more user-friendly. It works like a written dialogue between the AI system and the person asking it questions.
Millions of people have played with it over the past month, using it to write silly poems or songs, to try to trick it into making mistakes, or for more practical purposes such as helping compose an email. All of those things are also helping it get smarter.
“To determine if something was written by a human or an AI, you can look for the absence of personal experiences or emotions, check for inconsistency in writing style, and watch for the use of filler words or repetitive phrases. These may be signs that the text was generated by an AI.” That’s what ChatGPT told an AP reporter when asked how to tell the difference.
“We don’t want ChatGPT to be used for misleading purposes in schools or anywhere else, so we’re already developing measures to help anyone identify text generated by that system,” the company said.
12. Why does the New York school say no to ChatGPT?
A. It can write a convincing term paper quickly. B. Many students use it to write term papers.
C. It has chain reaction on other schools. D. It is raising tough questions about education.
13. How does ChatGPT get smarter?
A. By making mistakes. B. By interacting with humans.
C. By writing e-mails on its own. D. By using advanced technologies.
14. What is ChatGPT unable to do?
A. Generate readable text on demand. B. Talk with people.
C. Write in consistent writing style. D. Use filler words to write.
15. Which is the most suitable title for this text?
A. ChatGPT: A writing tool being restricted in school.
B. ChatGPT: A misused writing tool being welcome everywhere .
C. ChatGPT: An impressive and universal writing tool.
D. ChatGPT: A generative and perfectly logical writing tool.
【答案】12. A 13. B 14. C 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了ChatGPT被用于学术造假，因此被学校禁止使用。文章还介绍了ChatGPT工作原理以及识别方法。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Ask the new artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT to write an essay about the cause of the American Civil War and you can watch it write a persuasive term paper in a matter of seconds. That’s one reason why New York City school officials this week started blocking the impressive but controversial writing tool that can generate paragraphs of human-like text.(让新的人工智能工具ChatGPT写一篇关于美国内战起因的文章，你可以看到它在几秒钟内写出一篇有说服力的学期论文。这就是为什么纽约市的学校官员本周开始封锁这个令人印象深刻但有争议的写作工具的原因之一，这个工具可以生成类似人类的文章段落)”可知，纽约商学院拒绝ChatGPT是因为它能很快写出一篇令人信服的学期论文。故选A。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Millions of people have played with it over the past month, using it to write silly poems or songs, to try to trick it into making mistakes, or for more practical purposes such as helping compose an email. All of those things are also helping it get smarter.(在过去的一个月里，数以百万计的人用它来写愚蠢的诗或歌曲，试图欺骗它出错，或者用于更实际的目的，如帮助撰写电子邮件。所有这些都让它变得更智能)”可知，ChatGPT通过与人类互动变得更智能。故选B。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“To determine if something was written by a human or an AI, you can look for the absence of personal experiences or emotions, check for inconsistency in writing style, and watch for the use of filler words or repetitive phrases. These may be signs that the text was generated by an AI.(为了确定某件事是由人类还是人工智能写的，你可以寻找个人经历或情感的缺失，检查写作风格的不一致，并注意填充词或重复短语的使用。这些可能表明文本是由人工智能生成的)”可知，ChatGPT不能用一致的写作风格写作。故选C。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Ask the new artificial intelligence tool ChatGPT to write an essay about the cause of the American Civil War and you can watch it write a persuasive term paper in a matter of seconds. That’s one reason why New York City school officials this week started blocking the impressive but controversial writing tool that can generate paragraphs of human-like text.(让新的人工智能工具ChatGPT写一篇关于美国内战起因的文章，你可以看到它在几秒钟内写出一篇有说服力的学期论文。这就是为什么纽约市的学校官员本周开始封锁这个令人印象深刻但有争议的写作工具的原因之一，这个工具可以生成类似人类的文章段落)”结合文章主要说明了ChatGPT被用于学术造假，因此被学校禁止使用。文章还介绍了ChatGPT工作原理以及识别方法。故A选项“ChatGPT：一种在学校受到限制的书写工具”最符合文章标题。故选A。
第二节(共5小题，每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
NEED A GOOD ADVENTURE
Adventures expand our world by allowing us to engage with ourselves and others in a new way. Ready for your adventure? Here’s some advice.
Start small.
Pick a manageable activity you can do soon — this weekend — close to home. ____16____ Taking gradual steps teaches your brain that experience is not as bad as you expected and you can handle it.
____17____
Research from Harvard University shows that people who interpreted their nervousness about activities such as karaoke singing and public speaking as excitement enjoyed the experiences more and performed better than those who tried to press down their anxiety. This changed their threat mindset into an opportunity mindset.
Use your imagination.
____18____ Say you want to go on a hike but are worried you’ll become lost, hurt or too exhausted to get home. Try to picture this. Next, visualize the best-case scene: the beautiful view, the fun you’ll have, your sense of accomplishment afterward. This exercise helps put fear in perspective.
Write yourself a letter.
Think of it as an uplift talk. Start by addressing your fear. “I know you’re nervous. This is normal because you’re leaving your comfort zone.” ____19____ The point is to ensure your feelings and remind yourself that, even though you feel nervous, you can handle this.
Relax about the outcome.
If you could do this whole thing perfectly, it would not be the adventure you’re looking for. Remember: Whatever happens, it should make a good story. Imagining how fun it will be to tell your friends about your adventurous story later will help you stop complaining now. ____20____
A Picture the worst-case scene.
B. Arouse your anxiety.
C. This will break your inactivity and help you build up to bigger adventures.
D. Shift how you view anxiety.
E. And you’ll feel connected to others.
F. This can boost your mood and change your thinking by making you feel more stressed.
G. Then write about the skills you have and the past experiences that went well.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. A 19. G 20. E
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了如何开始进行冒险的建议。
【16题详解】
前文“Pick a manageable activity you can do soon — this weekend— close to home. (选择一个你可以很快完成的活动——这个周末——在离家近的地方。)”建议从易完成的活动开始，后文“Taking gradual steps teaches your brain that experience is not as bad as you expected and you can handle it. (循序渐进会让你的大脑知道，经历并不像你想象的那么糟糕，你可以处理好。)”说明循序渐进的好处，C项“This will break your inactivity and help you build up to bigger adventures. (这将打破你的惰性，帮助你建立更大的冒险。)”符合语境，说明从简单开始的好处，承接前文，呼应后文的好处，其中的This指代前一句的内容。故选C。
【17题详解】
空处是段落标题，需统领段落内容，且和其他段落标题一样使用祈使句的句式。后文“Research from Harvard University shows that people who interpreted their nervousness about activities such as karaoke singing and public speaking as excitement enjoyed the experiences more and performed better than those who tried to press down their anxiety. This changed their threat mindset into an opportunity mindset. (哈佛大学的研究表明，那些将自己对卡拉OK和公开演讲等活动的紧张情绪理解为兴奋的人，比那些试图压制焦虑情绪的人更享受这些经历，表现也更好。这让他们的威胁心态变成了机会心态。)”具体说明转变焦虑心态的好处，D项“Shift how you view anxiety. (改变你对焦虑的看法。)”符合语境，建议改变对焦虑的看法，可以统领后文内容。故选D。
【18题详解】
空处位于段首，需引出后文内容。本段的标题“Use your imagination. (发挥你的想象力。)”建议想象，后文“Say you want to go on a hike but are worried you’ll become lost, hurt or too exhausted to get home. Try to picture this. (比如说你想去徒步旅行，但担心你会迷路、受伤或太累而无法回家。试着想象一下。)”具体描述想象中的遇到糟糕的事情，A项“Picture the worst-case scene. (想象最坏的情况。)”符合语境，建议开始最坏的情况的想象，呼应标题，引出后文的事情，与后文的visualize the best-case scene形成对照。故选A。
【19题详解】
前文“Think of it as an uplift talk. Start by addressing your fear. “I know you’re nervous. This is normal because you’re leaving your comfort zone.” (就当这是一次鼓舞人心的谈话吧。从解决你的恐惧开始。“我知道你很紧张。这很正常，因为你要离开自己的舒适区。”)”建议通过写信来和自我对话，介绍首先安慰自己很正常，G项“Then write about the skills you have and the past experiences that went well. (然后写下你所拥有的技能和过去顺利的经历。)”符合语境，介绍写下能够鼓舞自己的技能和经历，承接前文的写信内容。故选G。
【20题详解】
空处位于段尾，需承接前文内容。前文“Imagining how fun it will be to tell your friends about your adventurous story later will help you stop complaining now. (想象一下以后告诉你的朋友你的冒险故事会有多有趣，这会帮助你现在停止抱怨。)”说明想象和朋友讲冒险故事的好处，E项“And you’ll feel connected to others. (你会觉得和别人有联系。)”符合语境，进一步说明这件事的好处，承接前文的好处。故选E。
第三部分 语言知识运用 (共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A, B, C和D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
As a Boy, John Kerr wanted to be a fireman or a park ranger(护林员). Looking back on that childhood fantasy, he says, “ I think it was the hat.” ___21___, he spent four decades at one of public broadcasting’s flagship stations in Boston. He ___22___ in 2005 at the age of 65 without any particular postcareer ___23___ in mind. After several idle weeks, he decided to drive his camper to visit family in Jackson Hole, Wyoming.
On the route, he stopped ___24___ at the Yellowstone Park Foundation, which ___25___ funds for Yellowstone, America’s first national park. As it happens, the foundation was ___26___ people to educate park guests on wolves. Kerr signed on. Later, at the urging of his daughter, a forestry school graduate, Kerr ___27___ the Student Conservation Association for an internship(实习).
To say that Kerr stood out in the intern crowd is a massive under-statement. Most interns were college and even high school students. But, in a sense, he had been ___28___ for this since his youth. His outdoor___29___ with his grandfather had given him a love of ___30___, and, as a(n) ___31___, he had helped out at the local fire department on medical calls.
He also had something else. There are 31 million Americans between the ages of 44 and 70 — some retired and looking for a third act, some looking for a more ___32___ career — ___33___ for something where they feel as if they’re making a contribution.Kerr also had that deep urge to do something more.
From his internship, he moved up to ranger. He ___34___ his management of what he describes as one of the most beautiful places on Earth.
“These are rich and all-too-rare memories,” ___35___ Kerr. “I never forget them.”
21. A. Instead B. Otherwise C. Therefore D. Similarly
22. A. returned B. worked C. continued D. retired
23. A. care B. goal C. note D. risk
24. A. on duty B. in secret C. of course D. by accident
25. A. accepts B. raises C. changes D. receives
26. A. hiring B. ordering C. firing D. forcing
27. A. apologized to B. contributed to C. applied to D. referred to
28. A. prepared B. called C. stopped D. observed
29. A. jobs B. adventures C. trades D. problems
30. A. animals B. plants C. nature D. parks
31. A. kid B. boy C. child D. adult
32. A. burdensome B. difficult C. dangerous D. satisfying
33. A. allowing B. applying C. searching D. arranging
34. A. treasures B. replaces C. reconsiders D. plans
35. A. tries B. warns C. recalls D. imagines
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. D 33. C 34. A 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记述了John Kerr童年的梦想以及退休后的工作。
【21题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，他在波士顿的一家公共广播旗舰电台工作了40年。A. Instead相反；B. Otherwise否则；C. Therefore因此；D. Similarly同样。根据前文的“As a Boy, John Kerr wanted to be a fireman or a park ranger”可知，约翰·科尔小时候想成为一名消防员或护林员，现在他在波士顿的一家公共广播旗舰电台工作了40年，两句话为转折关系。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：2005年，65岁的他退休了，没有任何特别的职业生涯后目标。A. returned返回；B. worked工作；C. continued继续；D. retired退休。根据后文的“at the age of 65 without any particular postcareer 3 in mind.”可知，在65岁时他退休了。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：2005年，65岁的他退休了，没有任何特别的职业生涯后目标。A. care关心；B. goal目标；C. note便条；D. risk风险。根据后文的“After several idle weeks”可知，他过了几个星期的闲散时光，因为他头脑中没有任何特别的职业生涯后目标。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。句意：途中，他偶然在黄石公园基金会前停了下来，该基金会为美国第一个国家公园黄石筹集资金。A. on duty值班；B. in secret秘密；C. of course当然；D.by accident偶然。根据前文的“he decided to drive his camper to visit family in Jackson Hole, Wyoming.”可知，他决定开着他的露营车去拜访怀俄明州杰克逊霍尔的家人，可见在黄石公园基金会前停了下来是偶然的。故选D项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：途中，他偶然在黄石公园基金会前停了下来，该基金会为美国第一个国家公园黄石筹集资金。A. accepts接受；B. raises筹款；C. changes改变；D. receives接受。根据前文的“the Yellowstone Park Foundation”和后文的“funds for Yellowstone”可知，黄石公园基金会是为黄石公园筹集资金。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧的是，该基金会正在雇人向公园的游客介绍狼。A. hiring雇佣；B. ordering命令；C. firing解雇；D. forcing强迫。根据后文的“people to educate park guests on wolves. Kerr signed on.”可知，基金会雇人工作。故选A项。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：后来，在毕业于林业学校的女儿的敦促下，克尔向学生保护协会申请实习。A. apologized to向……道歉；B. contributed to有助于；C. applied to申请；D. referred to提到，查阅。根据后文的“the Student Conservation Association for an internship(实习).”可知，他向学生保护协会申请实习的机会。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是，从某种意义上说，他从小就为此做好了准备。A. prepared准备；B. called呼叫；C. stopped停止；D. observed观察到。根据后文的“His outdoor 9 with his grandfather had given him a love of 10 ”可知，他和祖父的户外冒险经历让他爱上了大自然，从这种意义上说，他从小就为此做好了准备。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和祖父的户外冒险经历让他爱上了大自然，并且成年后，他曾在当地消防部门帮忙处理医疗呼叫。A. jobs工作；B. adventures冒险；C. trades交易；D. problems问题。根据前文的“ But, in a sense, he had been 8 for this since his youth. His outdoor”可知，这是他没成年时和祖父出去，故这不是他的工作，这是户外的冒险。故选B项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和祖父的户外冒险经历让他爱上了大自然，并且成年后，他曾在当地消防部门帮忙处理医疗呼叫。A. animals动物；B. plants植物；C. nature自然；D. parks公园。根据前文的“His outdoor 9 with his grandfather”可知，他爱上的是大自然。故选C项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他和祖父的户外冒险经历让他爱上了大自然，并且成年后，他曾在当地消防部门帮忙处理医疗呼叫。A. kid孩子；B .boy男孩；C. child孩子；D. adult成年人。根据后文的“he had helped out at the local fire department on medical calls.”可知，他曾在当地消防部门帮忙处理医疗呼叫是他成年后做的事情。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：年龄在44岁到70岁之间的美国人有3100万，其中一些人退休了，正在寻找第三人生，一些人在寻找更令人满意的职业，寻找他们觉得自己在做出贡献的东西。A. burdensome繁重的；B. difficult困难的；C. dangerous危险的；D. satisfying令人满意的。根据后文的“for something where they feel as if they’re making a contribution.”可知，这些工作是令人满意的。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：年龄在44岁到70岁之间的美国人有3100万，其中一些人退休了，正在寻找第三人生，一些人在寻找更令人满意的职业，寻找他们觉得自己在做出贡献的东西。A. allowing允许；B. applying应用；C. searching搜索；D. arranging排列。根据前文的“some retired and looking for a third act, some looking for a more 12 career ”可知，退休的人们在寻找新的目标。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他很珍惜自己对这个他称之为地球上最美丽的地方之一的管理。A. treasures珍爱；B. replaces取代；C. reconsiders重新考虑；D. plans计划。根据前文的“As a Boy, John Kerr wanted to be a fireman or a park ranger”和“From his internship, he moved up to ranger.”可知，他终于实现了儿时的梦想，故他很珍惜这份工组。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：“这些都是丰富而罕见的记忆,”科尔回忆道。A. tries尝试；B. warns警告；C. recalls回忆；D. imagines想象。根据前文的“These are rich and all-too-rare memories”可知，科尔回忆以前的记忆。故选C项。
第二节(共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s taijiquan, also known as tai chi — a major part of the amazing ___36___(open) ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and represented by numerous practitioners worldwide — ___37___(add) to UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Thursday. On its website, UNESCO described the cultural icon as “a traditional physical practice characterized by relaxed, circular movements that can be used ___38___(adjust) breath besides cultivating an honest and neutral (中性的) mind”.
“Their inscription onto the list showed the unique value of intangible cultural heritage on people’s health and ____39____(sustain) development,” said Wang Chenyang, ____40____ inspector from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism who is in charge of the work related to intangible cultural heritage.
Taijiquan, ____41____ originated during the mid-17th century in Wenxian county in Jiaozuo, Henan province, is practiced almost ____42____(day) throughout the country by people of all ages and ethnic groups, according to UNESCO’s website. ____43____(influence) by Taoist and Confucian thought and theories of traditional Chinese medicine, the practice has developed ____44____ several schools or styles named after a family or a master’s personal surname, such as Chen style or Yang style.
They are passed down through clan-based transmission or the master-apprentice model, _____45_____ built upon the yin and yang cycle and the cultural understanding of the unity of heaven and humanity, UNESCO said.
【答案】36. opening
37. was added
38. to adjust
39. sustainable
40. an 41. which
42. daily 43. Influenced
44. into 45. and
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国的太极拳被列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表名录这一事件，并介绍了太极拳的特点、价值、历史发展、文化内涵等信息。
【36题详解】
考查名词。句意：中国的太极拳，也被称为太极，是2008年北京奥运会开幕式的重要组成部分，在世界各地有众多练习者，在周四被列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表名录。根据“ceremony”和句意可知，此处表示“开幕式”，空处应用open的名词形式opening，构成固定表达opening ceremony。故填opening。
【37题详解】
考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：中国的太极拳，也被称为太极，是2008年北京奥运会开幕式的重要组成部分，在世界各地有众多练习者，在周四被列入联合国教科文组织人类非物质文化遗产代表名录。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合时间状语on Thursday可知，时态应用一般过去时，add和主语China’s taijiquan之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用was。故填was added。
【38题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：在其网站上，联合国教科文组织将这一文化标志描述为“一种传统的身体练习，其特点是放松、循环的动作，除了培养诚实和中立的心态外，还可以用来调节呼吸”。sth be used to do某物被用来做……，故填to adjust。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：文化和旅游部负责非物质文化遗产相关工作的巡视员王晨阳表示：“它们（太极动作）的入选显示了非物质文化遗产对人们健康和可持续发展的独特价值。”分析句子可知，空处是修饰development的定语，sustain的形容词形式sustainable符合题意，意为“可持续的”。故填sustainable。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：文化和旅游部负责非物质文化遗产相关工作的巡视员王晨阳表示：“它们的入选显示了非物质文化遗产对人们健康和可持续发展的独特价值。”分析句子可知，空处表示泛指，意为“一名，一位”，应用不定冠词，且inspector以元音音素开头，故填an。
41题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：据联合国教科文组织网站介绍，太极拳起源于17世纪中叶的河南省焦作市温县，几乎每天全国各地不同年龄、不同民族的人们都在练习。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词Taijiquan作补充说明，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。故填which。
【42题详解】
考查副词。句意：据联合国教科文组织网站介绍，太极拳起源于17世纪中叶的河南省焦作市温县，几乎每天全国各地不同年龄、不同民族的人们都在练习。分析句子可知，空处修饰动词practiced，应用day的副词形式daily，意为“每日，天天”。故填daily。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：受道家、儒家思想和中医理论的影响，这项运动已经发展成以家族或创立者的姓氏命名的几种流派或风格，如陈氏或杨氏。分析句子可知，空处作句子的原因状语，influence和the practice逻辑上是动宾关系，应用influence的过去分词形式influenced，且空处位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Influenced。
【44题详解】
考查介词。句意：受道家、儒家思想和中医理论的影响，这项运动已经发展成以家族或创立者的姓氏命名的几种流派或风格，如陈氏或杨氏。根据“developed”和句意可推知，此处用固定短语develop into，意为“发展成，演变成”，故填into。
【45题详解】
考查连词。句意：联合国教科文组织表示，它们是通过氏族传承或师徒模式传承下来的，建立在阴阳循环和对天人合一的文化理解之上。分析句子可知，空处连接前后两个谓语are passed down…和built upon…，两者之间是并列关系，应用并列连词and。故填and。
第四部分 写作 (共两节，满分40分)
第一节 应用文写作(满分15分)
46. 上周二你们学校学生会举办了“我最喜欢的历史书”英语演讲活动，请你就这项活动向你校英语报刊写一篇报道，内容包括：
1. 活动过程；
2. 活动收获。
注意：1. 题目已给出，写作词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文流畅。
Speaking About My Favorite History Book
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【答案】One possible version:
Speaking About My Favorite History Book
Aimed to arouse our interest in English and history, an English speech named “My favorite history book” was launched by Students’ Union last Tuesday, which turned out to be a hit.
As scheduled, students gathered at the school hall at 2 p.m. on Tuesday. After the hosts introduced the topic, 15 students delivered their speeches in turn. They were excellent in both the language and the outline besides their perfect gestures and facial expressions.
Not only did the activity improve our English ability, but it also provided a great chance for us to show ourselves.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。题目要求考生就“我最喜欢的历史书”的英语演讲活动写一篇报道，需描述活动过程，谈论活动收获。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
旨在：be aimed to→be intended to/be designed to/be meant to
激发：arouse→motivate
安排：schedule→arrange/plan
出色的：excellent→perfect/extraordinary/exceptional
提高：improve→sharpen/enhance
展示：show→display/exhibit

2. 句式拓展
同义句转换
原句：After the hosts introduced the topic 15 students delivered their speeches in turn.
拓展句：Following the introduction of the topic by the hosts, 15 students took turns delivering their speeches.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Aimed to arouse our interest in English and history, an English speech named “My favorite history book” was launched by Students’ Union last Tuesday, which turned out to be a hit. (运用了过去分词短语Aimed to…作状语、过去分词短语named “My favorite history book” 作speech的后置定语、关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] After the hosts introduced the topic, 15 students delivered their speeches in turn. (运用了从属连词After引导时间状语从句)
[高分句型3] Not only did the activity improve our English ability, but it also provided a great chance for us to show ourselves. (运用了Not only置于句首引起的部分倒装句)
第二节 读后续写 (满分25分)
47. 阅读下列材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两断，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Jenny was a fifth grader. She was considered one of the most popular girls in her class. She was very pretty, but that was not why she was considered popular. She was popular because she was known to be among the brightest in her class. She could do the most cartwheels in a row, but mostly, she had the talent to dance.
In February, she entered the school’s dance competition and won the first place. Her whole class was there to support her. Since that day, she had been the class attraction. In December, the school was holding another dance competition, but there had been a change in the competition. The competition had to be done in pairs.
Jenny’s class was looking up to her with high expectations of her winning again this year. On the other hand, Jenny was unsure of this competition outcome. She wanted to enter the competition, but she had never danced with a partner before. She decided to ask some of the boys in her class to enter with her. They all said no to her because they did not know how to dance. Jenny was becoming hesitant about joining.
She finally decided to turn to one of her closest friends, Carl. Jenny and Carl had known each other since the first grade. Carl was unwilling to join at first because he also didn’t know how to dance. Jenny insisted. He eventually agreed to join the competition. Jenny was happy and relieved. However, she was still worried because she knew her class was counting on her to win this year’s competition.
All she needed was some time and practice in order to increase her chances of winning. This time, it was going to be more of a challenge considering the fact that Carl was not a good dancer. The competition was in two months, and only time could predict her chances of winning.
After selecting Carl as her partner, Jenny needed to start planning for the dance competition at her school.
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Jenny and Carl went up to the stage and were ready to perform.
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【答案】范文
After selecting Carl as her partner, Jenny needed to start planning for the dance competition at her school. Having chosen the song most beautiful for them, they began to learn dancing. Lacking relevant skills, Carl found it challenging. However, it didn’t discourage him. For the duration of practising, Jenny always taught him patiently and encouraged him consistently. In an effort to gain the first place, they were absorbed in dance training, sometimes even skipping meals. How time flew! Two months slipped away, and the competition was arriving. It was the long before their turn.
Jenny and Carl went up to the stage and were ready to perform. Upon hearing the music, nervous and excited, they took a deep breath and started dancing, wearing sweet smiles on their faces. In the end, they completed the performance fluently and perfectly. The moment they finished dancing, applauses filled the hall. What surprised them was that they were champions. No words were enough to convey the delight. All pictures of previous practice flashed across them. It was their hard work and perseverance that helped them succeed.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了2月珍妮参加了学校的舞蹈比赛，并获得了第一名，12月，学校又举办了一场舞蹈比赛，但比赛方式发生了变化。比赛必须两人一组进行。于是她选择和卡尔一起跳舞，最终两人努力练习，赢得了比赛冠军。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“选择卡尔作为她的舞伴后，珍妮需要开始计划学校的舞蹈比赛”可知，第一段可描写卡尔和珍妮练习舞蹈的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“珍妮和卡尔走上舞台，准备表演”可知，第二段可描写卡尔和珍妮比赛的经过。
2.续写线索：计划比赛——卡尔练舞——珍妮鼓励——开始表演——赢得冠军
3.词汇激活
行为类
①开始：begin/start
②时间流逝：slip away/ pass by
③成功：succeed /make it
情绪类
①使沮丧：discourage /upset
②喜悦：delight /joy
【点睛】[高分句型1] Lacking relevant skills, Carl found it challenging. (运用了现在分词作状语)
[高分句型2] What surprised them was that they were champions. (运用了what引导主语从句和that引导的表语从句)
听力答案：1-5 CBBCA 6-10 ABCAA 11-15 BABAB 16-20 BCCAC