【暑假提升】人教版英语八年级（八升九）暑假-第04讲 形容词和副词 讲学案

第04讲 形容词和副词

       【学习目标】

1、掌握形容词和副词的基本用法。

2、掌握形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成及用法。

3、掌握形容词与副词的转换。

        【基础知识】

I、形容词

一、形容词的一般用法

1、作定语，一般放在所修饰词的前面。

It’s a cold and windy day.

2、作表语，放在系动词的后面。(look,feel,smell,sound….)

He looks happy today.

3、形容词修饰something，anything，nothing，everything等复合不定代词时，须放在其后。

Would you like something hot to drink？

4、表示长、宽、高、深及年龄的形容词，应放在相应的名词之后。

How long is the river？ It’s about two hundred metres long.

5、只能作表语的形容词：afraid；alone；asleep；awake；alive；well健康的；ill；frightened

The man is ill.（正）

The ill man is my uncle.（误）

6、只能作定语的形容词：little小的；only唯一的；wooden木质的；woolen羊毛质的；elder年长的

My elder brother is in Beijing.（正）

My brother is elder. （误）

7、貌似副词的形容词：lonely；friendly；lively；lovely

二、形容词常用句型

1、“It’s +adj.+of+sb.+不定式”表示“某人（做某事）怎么样”。=Sb +be +adj+to do sth

注意：这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词，如good，kind，nice，polite ，clever ，foolish ，lazy ，careful，careless，right（正确的），wrong等。

It’s very kind of you to help me.（=You are very kind to help me.）

2、“It’s+adj.+for+sb.+不定式”表示“做某事对某人来说怎么样”。=To do sth is adj for sb .

注意：这一句型中常用的形容词有important，necessary，difficult，easy，hard，dangerous，safe，useful，pleasant，interesting，impossible等。

It’s not easy for them to learn a foreign language.（=To learn a foreign language is not easy for them.）

3、表示感情或情绪的形容词，如glad，pleased，sad，thankful等常接不定式。

I’m very sad to hear the bad news.

4、表示能力和意志的形容词，如ready（乐意的，有准备的），able（有能力的），sure（一定），certain（一定）等常接不定式。

Lei Feng is always ready to help others.

He is sure to get to school on time.

Ⅱ、副词

一、副词的分类

副词按词汇意义可分为：

方式副词：well，fast，slowly，carefully，quickly

程度副词：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite

地点副词：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home

时间副词：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still

频度副词：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never

否定副词：no，not，neither，nor

疑问副词：where，how，why

其他：also，too，only

二、副词的基本用法：

1)、副词是用来修饰形容词、其他副词,一般放在被修饰词之前.

He plays the piano very well .

2).、副词是用来修饰动词,常放在动词之后.

He got up quickly

3)、enough 修饰adj /adv 时,放在其后.

He is old enough to go to school .

三、常见副词用法辨析

1、already与yet的区别

already用于肯定句句中，表示“已经”；yet用于否定句句末，表示“还”，用于疑问句句末，表示“已经”

He had already left when I called.

　Have you found your ruler yet？

2、very，much和very much.的区别

very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用very much.

John is very honest.

This garden is much bigger than that one.

Thank you very much .

3、so与such的区别

⑴、so修饰形容词或副词；such 修饰名词

My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.

He is such a boy.

⑵、so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数

such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数

such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词

He is so clever a boy.= He is such a clever boy.

It is such cold weather.

They are such_good students.　　

⑶、名词前有many ,much, few ,little (少量的) 用so 不用such .(多多少少仍用so)

 但little 表示 “小的” 用such.

There are ___ little sheep on the hill .

4、also，too，as well与either 的区别

also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be动词，情态动词，助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。

例如，My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.

=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.

=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，too.

I can’t speak French…… Jenny can’t speak French，either.

5、sometime，sometimes，some time与some times的区别

sometime：表示将来的或过去的某一个不确定的时间。

sometimes：有时，不时的= at times

some time：一段时间

some times：几次，几倍

We’ll have a test sometime next month.

Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.

He stayed in Beijing for some time last year.

I have been to Beijing some times .

6、ago与before的区别

ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。

before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。

I saw him ten minutes ago.

He told me that he had seen the film before .

7、now，just与just now的区别

now：与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为“现在”

just：与现在完成时连用，表示“刚……”

just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚才”

Where does he live now？

We have just seen the film.

He was here just now.

8、lonely / alone 的区别

1)、alone 独自一人/没有同伴, 既可作adj 也可作adv.

2)、lonely 表示孤独,寂寞, 也可修饰地点,表示荒凉,偏僻的，常与feel 连用。

3)、alone 只作表语 (以a开头的形容词一般只作表语,不作定语)而lonely 既可作表语,也可作定语)

 He lives alone on a lonely island .

 He is alone ,but he doesn’t feel lonely.

9、fast /quickly /soon 的区别.

 fast 表示速度之快 quickly表示动作之快 soon表示时间之快

 I’m leaving home this afternoon . Really ? Why so ______?

 A.fast  B.soon  C.quickly  D.early

Ⅲ、形容词，副词的比较级、最高级

一、规则变化

1、一般在词尾直接加er或est， tall-taller-tallest，long-longer-longest

2、以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st，  nice-nicer-nicest

3、以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est， heavy-heavier-heaviest

4、重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est， big-bigger-biggest

注: 大,红,湿,热,悲,瘦,胖.双写末辅再变级.（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat ）

5、部分双音节词和多音节词分别在原级前加more构成比较级和most构成最高级， beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful

注:表示否定意义在其前加less /least

 important----less important----least important

English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English .

6、由 “形容词+ly”构成的副词,在其前加more/ most

slowly---more slowly----most slowly；但early—earlier---earliest

二、不规则变化

下列单、双音节词只能加more和most

Ⅳ、形容词，副词等级的用法

一、原级的用法

1、只能修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too

He is too tired to walk on.

My brother runs so fast that I can’t follow him.　　

2、原级常用的句型结构

（1）A= B-----A+ as +adj / adv的原级+ as +B     表示 “A和B一样”

Tom is as old as Kate.

Tom runs as fast as Mike.

（2）A＜B---A +not+as/so+形容词原级+as+B 表示 “A不如B…”

This room is not as/so big as that one.

He doesn’t walk as slowly as you.

二、比较级的用法

1、可以修饰比较级的词.

much，a lot，far，…的多a little，a bit，…一点儿even甚至，still仍然

Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. Tom looks even younger than before.　　

2、比较级常用的句型结构

 “甲+形容词/副词的比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”

Tom is taller than Kate.

I got up earlier than my mother this morning.

三、最高级的用法

1)、结构: the +最高级+ of +人或物( in +地点)

  He is the tallest of all the boys

  He works hardest in his class .

 注:副词的最高级前the 可省掉

2)、the +序数词+形容词的最高级+单数名词

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China .

3)、one of +the +形容词的最高级+复数名词

He is one of the cleverest students in our class.

4)、“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。

 Which season do you like （the） best，spring，summer or autumn？

四、级别的转换

1)、原级与比较级的转换

 a)、倍数+ as …as → (倍数-1)+比较级+than

This room is five times as big as that one =This room is four times bigger than that one .

 b)、.not as…as 与比较级的转换

  A +not as …as + B → A+比较级(反义词的比较级) +than +B  →B+比较级+than+A

  Mary is not as old as Tom .

= Mary is younger than Tom.

= Tom is older than  Mary .

 This book is not as expensive as that one

= This book is cheaper  than that one

= That book is more expensive than this one .

2)、比较级与最高级的转换

 a)、the +最高级+ of / in ……

 b)、比较级+than+any other +单数名词

                +the other +复数名词

                +anyone else

                +any of the other+复名

 c)、 Nobody else + 比较级 + than ……

Tom is the tallest boy in our class .

Tom is taller than any other boy in our class.

Tom is taller than the others in our class.

Nobody else is taller than Tom in our class.

五、级别的惯用法

1、“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。

He is getting taller and taller.

2、“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”。

The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you’ll make.

3、“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+……”表示“甲是两者中较……的”。

(of the twins/parents…)

Look at the two boys.  My brother is the taller of the two.

4、当adj 的最高级前有物主代词,名词所有格,指示代词时,不用the .

 This is my best book of all.

5、相比较的前后两部分必须是同类比较.

 My pencil is longer than yours .

6、比较时不能与自身相比

 注: 当相比较的两者属于同一范围/类别时,为了与自身相比较, 要用any other +单数名词. 若两者不属于同一范围/类别时,不必用other ,直接用any + 单数名词.

 He is taller than any other  boy in his class.

 He is taller than any boy in our class .

7、有些含有比较级的句子里，常用that(单数、不可数名词)、those (复数名词)代替前面提到的词，以避免重复。

The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangzhou in winter .

The boys in our class are more than those in your class .

   【考点剖析】

考点1、形容词或副词辨析

1．There is a lot of traffic in the street. Please drive ________.

A．careful B．careless C．carefully D．carelessly

2．—Susan, how was your party?

—Pretty good. We sang and danced ________ all night.

A．happily B．hardly C．politely D．clearly

考点2、形容词和副词的比较级

1．With the effort of Chinese government, the life of Tibetans becomes ________.

A．good and good B．well and well C．better and better D．worse and worse

2．—Lucy, have you changed a mobile phone with 5G?

—Yes, I think the mobile phone with 5G can send videos much ________ than the one with 4G.

A．fast B．fastest C．the fastest D．faster

考点3、形容词和副词的最高级

1．—What is the world’s ________ mountain?

—Mount Qomolangma.

A．lower B．lowest C．higher D．highest

2．Mike lives _______ from school of all the students, so he always takes a bus to school.

A．far B．farther C．further D．the farthest

考点4、形容词和副词的级别惯用法

1．I think ________ children learn to look after themselves, ________ it is for their future.

A．the earlier; the better B．the earliest; the best C．the early, the good

2．— Of the two shirts, which one did Mom buy?

—She bought the ________ one because she could save some money for a cap.

A．cheapest B．cheaper C．more expensive D．most expensive

3．Shanghai is bigger than ________ in Jiangsu and bigger than ________ in China.

A．any city; any other city B．any cities; any cities’

C．any other city; the other cities D．any other city; any city

4．—China has become the second ________ economy country in the world.

—Yes. It has developed ________ these days than before.

A．larger; more quickly B．largest; more quickly

C．larger; most quickly D．largest; most quickly

5． I think “heroes in harm’s way(逆行者)” must be one of the ________ words on the Internet last year.

A．hottest B．widest C．cleverest D．driest

        【真题演练】

1．The old man lives ________, but he doesn’t feel ________.

A．lonely; alone B．alone; alone C．alone; lonely D．lonely; lonely

2．The math problem is so ________, and the students can solve it ________.

A．easy；easily B．easy；easy C．easily；easy D．easily；easily

3．________ you practice, _________ you will be at math.

A．The more; the better B．The more; the best

C．The most; the better D．The most; the best

4．—I talked with my little uncle on the computer last night．

—The Internet makes the world ________ ．

A．small and small B．smaller and smaller C．small and smaller D．smaller and small

5．Cindy is always ready to help others. I think she is ________ student in my class.

A．good B．better C．best D．the best

6．—Look! It is raining ________.

—That’s right. The rain is too ________ to go shopping.

A．heavily； heavy B．heavily； heavily

C．heavy；heavy D．heavy； heavily

7．—Kelly always does her homework very _________ .

—Yes. That’s why she makes few mistakes in her homework.

A．hardly B．loudly C．carefully D．politely

8．I learned to skate quickly. At first, I fell down a few times, but now I ________ fall down.

A．always B．often C．sometimes D．seldom

9．He speaks French well, but of course he doesn’t speak_______ a person from France.

A．as clear as B．clearer than C．as clearly as D．the more clearly

10．— Do you know that China is one of ________ countries in the world?

— Yes, I do. It’s ________ older than America.

A．the oldest; very B．old; very

C．the oldest; much D．old; much

11．—Which country has the ________ population in the world?

—China. It’s a little ________ than that of India.

A．most, most B．biggest, bigger

C．more, most D．bigger, bigger

12．Bob is one of ________ boys in Class 1, Grade 9.

A．clever B．cleverer C．the most clever D．the cleverest

       【过关检测】

一、单项选择

1．—Mrs Lin is popular among the students.

—Yes. Her classes are ________ lively and interesting.

A．seldom B．always C．hardly D．never

2．The soup tastes ________ because it’s too salty. I put salt into it too ________ in a hurry.

A．terribly; carefully B．terrible; careful C．terrible; carelessly D．terribly; careless

3．—Does Tara often get up as ________ as Tina?

—No, she doesn’t.

A．early B．earlier C．earliest D．the earliest

4．—Would you please speak ________?   

—Oh, sorry! I speak too fast!

A．slowly B．more slowly C．most slowly D．faster

5．Of all her friends, Emma looked after her pet dog ________ .

A．more careful B．more carefully C．the most careful D．most carefully

6．—Who lives ________ school in your class?

 —Jimmy does. His home is just next to our school.

A．close to B．closest to C．far from D．farthest from

7．Yuan Longping is one of ________ scientists in the world.

A．great B．greater C．greatest D．the greatest

8．—As far as I know, China has a population of more than 1.41 billion (十亿) now.

—Yes, it has ________ population in the world.

A．the largest B．the most C．largest D．most

9．Tom is the second ________ student in our class. He is only shorter than Li Lei.

A．tall B．taller C．tallest D．most tall

10．Jack doesn’t do things so ________ as Mary, but he is ________ in our group.

A．carelessly, the most careful B．carefully, the most careful C．carefully, the most careless

二、根据句意填空

11．It is much _______ today than yesterday. I feel like taking off the winter coat.

12．—How are you feeling now?

—Even ________. I think I must go to the doctor’s.

13．It snowed so ______ yesterday that we couldn’t go to school.

14．The old man lived ________ in a small village. His children all worked in big cities.

三、用所给单词的正确形式填空

15．The ________ (strict) our teachers are, the better we will behave at school.

16．He said the weather was beyond our control and was one of the ________ (hot) on record.

17．—How shall we travel? By train or by plane?

—Let’s go by train. It’s ________ (cheap)

18．The streets are much ________ (crowd) at weekends, so we should drive more carefully.

19．Which season is the ________ (dry) of the year in Jiangsu?

20．Helen is as ________ (help) as Maria, they are always ready to help others.