【暑假提升】人教版英语八年级（八升九）暑假-第03讲 动词不定式 讲学案

第03讲 动词不定式

       【学习目标】

  掌握动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形“, 有时可以不带to.动词不定式没有人称和数的变化, 在句子中不能作谓语。在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。

        【基础知识】

1. 动词不定式作宾语。

1)、在动词want ,hope,would like,decide,wish,choose,try ,need等后常用动词不定式作宾语。

I hope ______(hear)from you soon .

2)、think/find /feel /make it + adj + to do sth

He found it difficult _______(get) to sleep.

3)、stop to do sth / stop doing sth

 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事    stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。

After working for a long time , He has to stop _______(have ) a rest .

He was very tired , so he had to stop ______(work).

2、动词不定式作宾语补。

1)、带to的不定式作宾补的动词有：ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth

Please ask him _________(come) quickly.

2)、省掉to的不定式作宾补的动词有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth

注：省掉to的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原to .

He made the baby _______(stop) crying .

The baby was made ______ _____ crying.

3、动词不定式作主语

1)、动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

2)、常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。

To do sth +谓语动词+adj /n =  It +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sth

To get an injection is a little painful .

_____ a little painful ____ ____ an injection

4、动词不定式作定语

动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后

名词或代词+to do(介词)

注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。

I want a pen to write ______.

I want a piece of paper to write ______.

5、动词不定式与疑问词连用

疑问词+ to do sth

注：在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to do sth”.

Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital ?

Can you tell me _____ ____ ____ the hospital.

6、动词不定式可作状语

1)、动词不定式可作目的状语，在come / go / leave 后面接动词不定式作目的状语。

He came here ______(get)his book.

2)、动词不定式可作原因状语，表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语。

He was glad _______(see) his wife.

3)、动词不定式可作结果状语，在too…to …, not …enough to …句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。

He was too tired _______(walk) on .

7、动词不定式作表语

be + to do sth

注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。

Her wish is _______(become) a doctor .

=_____ _____ _____ is her wish .

8、动词不定式的否定形式

在动词不定式的前面加not .

He told me _______(not stay) here .

9、动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。

1)、动词不定式符号的省略情况

若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉to .但两者有对比关系时，to都不能省略。

Edison’s mother taught him to write and read .

I haven’t decided to go home or to go to the cinema.

2)、省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号to的情况。

Will you take a walk with me ?  I’m glad to .

Would you like to join my birthday party ?  I would love to .

   【考点剖析】

考点1、动词不定式作宾语

Our teacher promises ________ a class meeting this week.

A．to have B．have C．has D．having

考点2、动词不定式作宾语补足语

Our teacher asked us ________ questions in groups when we were in primary school.

A．discuss B．to discuss C．discussing D．discussed

考点3、动词不定式作主语

It’s necessary for you ________ the classroom clean, class.

A．keep B．keeping C．to keep D．kept

考点4、动词不定式作目的状语

Gu Ailing tries to do everything she can ________ the gold medal for China.

A．winning B．to win C．win D．won

考点5、“疑问词+ 动词不定式”结构

5．My mother always teaches me how ________ water in my daily life. That really helps me develop a good habit of using water.

A．to save B．saving C．saved

        【真题演练】

1．—Have you finished your book report yet?

—No, I haven’t. I plan ________ it this weekend.

A．write B．wrote C．writing D．to write

2．Students should have outdoor activities every day ________ their eyesight.

A．improve B．to improve C．check D．to check

3．Because of COVID-19, the government advised us ________ to the public places less.

A．going B．to go C．not to go D．go

4．It’s very kind ________ you ________ others when they’re in need.

A．for; to help B．of; to help C．for; helping D．of; helping

5．His cousin is a humorous man. He makes us ________ all the time.

A．laughs B．laughing C．to laugh D．laugh

6．The community worker is patient enough ________ to the old how to use Health Code(码).

A．explain B．explains C．to explain D．explaining

7．—What did the teacher say just now?

—He told us ________ in the river.

A．swim B．swimming C．not to swim D．not swim

8．—My family will go on a trip to Beijing this summer, but we haven’t decided ________.

—Why not take the high-speed railway?

A．when to leave B．how to get there C．which hotel to choose D．how long to stay there

9．In the past the poor didn’t have warm houses ________.

A．to live in it B．to live in

C．living in D．to live in them

10．The Chinese people are excited ________ each other that China’s Shenzhou XIII came back to the earth safely.

A．tell B．telling C．to tell

       【过关检测】

一、单项选择

1．There is nothing for you ________.

A．worry about B．to worry C．to worry about D．worry with

2．It is better to ask someone for advice than ________ something.

A．risk doing B．risk to do C．to risk doing D．to risk to do

3．I found ________ interesting ________ the animals.

A．that; to feed B．it; to feed C．this; feed D．it; feed

4．When he first took part in the competition, he didn’t know ________.

A．how to expect B．what to expect

C．when to expect it D．what to expect it

5．The passengers’(乘客们的) families were ________ to keep calm as soon as they heard the bad news.

A．too sad B．sad enough C．enough sad D．so sad

6．In the past the poor didn’t have warm houses ________.

A．to live in it B．to live in

C．living in D．to live in them

7．The teacher did all that he could ________ his students with their English.

A．help B．helped C．helping D．to help

8．She doesn’t know _________ her feelings.

A．to how express B．how express to C．to express how D．how to express

二、用所给单词的正确形式填空

9．All the passengers took turns ________ (get) on the coach.

10．The child is old enough ________ (dress) himself without his mother’s help.

11．My father often tells me ________ (not drop) rubbish carelessly.

12．It is impossible for her ________ (finish) reading the book within an hour.

13．I think this is the very work that we must finish ________ (help) her.

14．Mandeep has made up her mind ________ (attend) the course after work.

15．Mr. Wu has recommended so many interesting books to me, but I haven’t decided which ________ (read) first.

三、完成句子

16．要想更多地了解世界，我们有必要学好英语。

It is ______________________________________ to know more about the world.

17．等下一辆公交车要花很长时间。

It took a long time __________________________________ the next bus.

18．为了筹集足够的钱给那些无家可归者，少年们工作了一整天。

__________ __________ __________ collect enough money for the homeless, the teenagers have worked all day.

19．他想提醒我明天是她的奶奶的生日。   

She wanted __________ __________ __________ that tomorrow is her grandmother’s birthday.

20．周老师告诉他上学不要再迟到。

Miss Zhou told him ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ for school again.