【暑假初升高】人教版2019英语初三（升高一）暑假预习-第04讲 定语从句 (知识讲解+高考必考题型练习）

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 第04讲 定语从句(知识讲解+高考必考题型练习)

目标 1
掌握限制性定语从句。
目标 2
掌握非限制性定语从句。
目标 3
区分关系词。


基本概念和连接词
1. 基本概念：在英语中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。如：
The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.
The man who was driving too fast was drunk.
2. 连接词：
关系代词：that，which，who，whom，whose，as；
关系副词：when，where，why.
定语从句类型：
限制性定语从句 vs 非限制性定语从句
不同点：
1. 形式上：有无逗号。限制性定语从句无逗号，非限制性定语从句有逗号。
2. 意义上：限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，非限制性定语从句起补充说明的作用。
The government which promises to cut taxes will be popular.
（限制性关系从句，指任何一个减税的政府）
The government, which promises to cut taxes, will be popular.
（非限制性关系从句，补充说明（现任的）政府的情况）
关系代词的用法
1. 关系代词语法功能
（1）代替先行词
（2）它在定语从句中担任一定的成分;
（3）同时连接先行词与它引导的定语从句。如：
The building which/that stands by the river is our school.
在本句话中，which/that是关系代词，它在从句中代替先行词the building，同时担任从句中的主语，也起连词的作用，把两个简单句连接起来。
2. 关系代词
（1）who指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语（在从句中作宾语时，可省略）
The man( who) I talked with is our teacher.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
（2）whom指代人，在从句中作宾语（作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省）
The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.
（3）whose 是代词的所有格形式，它既可以指代人也可以指代物，在从句中作定语。
I saw a woman. Her bag was stolen.（整合成一句话）
→I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
Please show me the book. Its cover is red.（整合成一句话）
→Please show me the book whose cover is red.
（4）which指代物，在从句中作主语或宾语（作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省）
These are the trees which were planted last year.
The TV set (which) he bought yesterday is made in Japan.
Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?
Is this the library from which you borrow books?
（5）that多指代物，有时也指代人，在从句中作主语或宾语
I’ve read the newspaper that(which)carries the important news.
Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?
（6）as作为关系代词的用法
as引导限制性定语从句，常与such, same等连用：
①such…as…像……那样的
I am just such a little girl as you are.
②the same …as…和……一样的
She bought the same bike as you did.
*说明：as引导非限制性定语从句，可置句首、句中、句尾，如：
As you know,our band is very popular.
3. 介词+关系代词
介词放在关系代词的前面时，介词宾语只能用which指代物，用whom指代人。
This is the hero (who) we are proud of.
=This is the hero of whom we are proud .
The room (that/ which) I live in is very big.
=The room in which I live is very big.
4. 只用that, 不用which的情况
（1）从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时；
This is the most interesting story(that) I have ever heard.
The first meeting(that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.
（2）先行词是something，nothing，anything等不定代词时；
Here is something( that) I will tell you.
（3）先行词既有人也有物时，只能用that；
I can remember well the persons and some pictures (that) I see.
（4）先行词是one of, the one, 或用 little，much，few，no，all，some，any，the only，the very，the same，the last作修饰时；
Is it the one that you want ?
I haven’t got much that I can offer you.
5. 宜用 who，不用that 的情况
（1）先行词是anyone, someone, those时，关系词使用who;
Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.
Is there anyone who wants to go there?
（2）在there be 句型中，先行词指人，关系词用who;
There is an old man who wants to see you.
There are many young men who are against him.
关系副词的用法
1. 关系副词的句法功能
（1）引导定语从句的；
（2）在从句中代替先行词；
（3）在从句中作状语。具体关系副词如下：where——在从句中作地点状语，指代地点；when——在从句中作时间状语，指代时间；why——在从句中作原因状语，指代原因。
2. 关系副词的运用
·The hotel wasn’t clean. We stayed at the hotel.（整合成一句话）
→The hotel where we stayed wasn’t clean.
=The hotel at which we stayed wasn’t clean.
=The hotel (which) we stayed at wasn’t clean.

考点一：常见关系代词的基本用法
1. For those ________ want to see the film, put down your names, please.
【答案】 who
【解析】【分析】句意：对于那些想看电影的人，请写下你的名字。         want to see the film是限制性定语从句，先行词是those，指人，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who，故答案为who。
2.The government has carried out several new plans, ________benefits are various and obvious.
【答案】 whose
【解析】这里含有一个定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，所以填whose。
3.She said she would do anything ________ could help her mother recover from the disease.
【答案】 that
【解析】【分析】句意：她说她会做任何能帮助母亲从疾病中恢复的事情。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个定语从句，先行词是anything，关系词在从句中作主语，应使用that引导，故填that。
4.There were many fans in the social media ________ expressed their sadness over Jin Yong's death.
【答案】 who
【解析】【分析】句意：社交媒体上有很多粉丝对金庸的死表示悲伤。       expressed their sadness over Jin Yong's death是限制性定语从句，先行词是fans，指人，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词who，故填who。
5. This is the most interesting book ________ I have read.
【答案】 that
【解析】【分析】句意：这是我读过的最有趣的书。分子句子结构， ① I have read. 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the most interesting book ，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，指物，且先行词被形容词最高级修饰，所以只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。
考点二：关系副词引导的定语从句
1. There was a time in England ________people could not put up with each other's ideas.
【答案】 when
【解析】【分析】句意：在英国，曾经有一段时间人们无法忍受彼此的想法。There was a time when ...，固定句式，”曾经有一段时间…..“，故填when。
2. Life is like a race ________ we all compete with ourselves against time.
【答案】 where
【解析】句意：生活就像是一场赛跑，在这次竞赛中我们都在与我们自己比赛。此句是定语从句，先行词是race，在从句中作地点状语，因此使用关系词where引导定语从句。故填where。
3. Next month, ________ we will spend our winter holidays in our hometown, is approaching.
【答案】 when
【解析】【分析】句意：下个月，那时我们将在家乡过寒假，就要到了。  we will spend our winter holidays in our hometown是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词next month，在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when，或者介词during +关系代词which，因此答案为：when/during which。
考点三： 非限制性定语从句
1. He passed the college entrance examinations, ________ made his parents very proud.
【答案】 which
【解析】【分析】句意：他通过了大学入学考试，这让他的父母非常自豪。made his parents very proud是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，故填which。
2. The conference, ________ was reported in the newspaper, turned out to be a great success.
【答案】 as
【解析】【分析】句意：正如报纸上所报道的那样，这次会议结果很成功。分析句子成分可知，设空处引导一个非限制性定语从句，其先行词是整个主句“The conference turned out to be a great success.（会议结果很成功）”，从句中缺少主语，且根据句意，该关系代词意为“正如，正像”，故填as。
3. My son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
【答案】 whose
【解析】【分析】句意：我儿子此刻正在纽约，他的工作使他周游了全世界。分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是my son，指人，关系词在定语从句作名词work的定语，表示所属关系，意为“……的”，所以空处需用关系代词whose引导非限制性定语从句。故填whose。
考点四：＂介词+关系代词＂引导的定语从句
1. He wrote many books, two of________ have been published so far.
【答案】 which
【解析】【分析】句意：他写了许多书，其中两本已出版。句中包含定语从句，先行词是books指物，介词of后用关系代词which.故填which。
2. His theory is the basis on ________many theories about education are built.
【答案】 which
【解析】【分析】句意：他的理论是许多教育理论的基础。on many theories about education are built是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the basis，在从句中作介词on的宾语，故填which。
3. Soon the children in the camp had many new friends, with ________ they shared food a stories.
【答案】 whom
【解析】【分析】句意：夏令营里的孩子们很快就有了许多新朋友，他们一起分享食物和故事。考查定语从句。句中先行词为friends，在非限定性定语从句中作介词with的宾语，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。
考点五：定语从句与其他句型的区别
1.It was until late afternoon he was figuring out he considered was a wise way to fight against it.
A. when; what                       B. that; that                       C. that; what                       D. when; that
【答案】 C
【解析】句意：直到下午晚些时候他才意识到他想到的是解决问题的正确的方法。第一空是until 用于强调句，构成it is not until·····that  “   “直到····才”，第二空后的______he thought是主语从句，分析主语从句的句子成分就会发现，缺少宾语，只能用what来充当宾语，that在名词性从句中不充当成分。选C。
2.You'll find the houses and circumstances there different, but much of ______ you find inside will be familiar.
A. what                                   B. which                                   C. that                                   D. these
【答案】 A
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：你会发现那里的房子和环境是不同的，但是你会发现里面的许多东西都很熟悉。空格处引导词引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，引导词在从句中作主语，what引导宾语从句，作主语、宾语或者表语。故选A。
3.When         Beijing Opera masks, people usually use white to highlight        is bad in human nature.
A. painted; all               B. to paint; all               C. being painted; that               D. painting; what
【答案】 D
【解析】句意：在制作京剧脸谱时，人们通常用白色来强调人类本性中的恶。第一个空逻辑主语与后一句一致，而且与people是主动形式，故用现在分词形式作状语；后一宾语从句缺少主语，根据句意故填what。故选D。



1（2022新高考I卷）
The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species ________ live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
答案：that
解析：考查定语从句关系词。句意：该计划旨在为生活在Giant Panda Range的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区的生态系统健康。设空处为关系词引导限制性定语从句，先行词等于关系词，设空处在从句中作指物的主语，先行词为species，且先行词前为all修饰，只能用关系代词that。故填that。
2（2022全国甲卷）
On the 1,100. Kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, _________ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province.
答案：who
解析：考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。分析句子结合句意可知，此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
3（2022年浙江1月）
Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics __________ are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change.
答案：that/who
解析：考查定语从句。句意：亚特兰大佐治亚科技研究院的教授Kim Cobb是一个少数但是不断增加的少数学者中的一员，因为气候变化，他们正在削减他们的飞机旅行。名词academics后为定语从句且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词替代，故填that/who。
4.（2021.6新高考1卷）
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song "The Long and Winding Road".      1      is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
【答案】what
【解析】1： 考查名词性从句。分析题目，空格处无提示词。分子句子结构可知，_____is so breathing about the experience 作 is 的主语，为主语从句。从句中缺少主语，指代事情；且空格位于句首。故填What。
5.（2021.3 天津卷）What puzzles Lily's friends is            she always has so many crazy  ideas.
A. whether B. why C. what D. when
【答案】B
【解析】考查连接词词义辨析。句意：令Lily的朋友们感到困扰的是她为什么总是有这么多疯狂的想法。A. whether是否；B.why为什么；C. what什么； D.when什么时间，当……的时候。分析成分结构句子，该空需要一个表语从句的连接词。再结合句意可知，应该是朋友们不明白Lily 为什么有这么多疯狂的想法。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选：B。

基础过关检测
单项选择
1．We can think of many situations ______ people knew a lot of English words and expressions but could hardly communicate with native speakers.
A．when B．why C．where D．which
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们可以想到很多情况，人们知道很多英语单词和表达，但很难与以英语为母语的人交流。分析句子结构可知，此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是many situations，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故选C项。
2．Life is like a marathon ______ perseverance and consistent efforts count.
A．when B．how C．where D．why
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：人生就像马拉松，在这当中，毅力和坚持起作用。空格处是定语从句，先行词 marathon是抽象地点，在定语从句中缺少状语，因此要用关系副词where引导。故选C。
3．Occasions are quite rare _______I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
A．that B．where C．while D．when
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：让我有时间和我的孩子们相处一天的机会非常少。A. that那个； B. where哪里； C. while当······时候；D. when ······时候。When引导了一个定语从句，先行词为Occasions，在定语从句中充当时间状语，所以用when引导。故选D项。
4．The experiment has reached a stage ______ they can almost do nothing about it.
A．which B．that C．where D．what
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：实验已经到达了一个他们几乎什么也做不了的阶段了。空处引导定语从句，先行词stage在从句中作地点状语，要用关系副词where引导。故选C。
5．________ is known to the world, China’s Liu Xiang became the first Asian in history to win the men’s 110m hurdles at the Olympic Games.
A．That B．Which C．As D．It
【答案】C
【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：众所周知，中国的刘翔成为历史上在奥运比赛中获得110米男子跨栏的亚洲第一人。空格处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是后面整个句子，且在句首，因此要用As。故选C。
6．Who is the man ________was standing there?
A．who B．which C．that D．whom
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：站在那里的人是谁？空格处是定语从句，先行词是the man，在定语从句中缺少主语，因此考虑who和that，但是由于主句是以Who 引导的疑问句，为避免重复，排除who，选择that。故选C。
7．I don’t like the way ________ you speak to her.
A．which B．/ C．of which D．by which
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。空格处是限定性定语从句，先行词是 the way，在定语从句中缺少状语，在这种情况下，可选择that/in which/省略。故选B。
8．New York, ________ I visited last year, is a nice old city.
A．that B．which C．when D．in which
【答案】B
【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我去年参观过纽约，那是一个美丽而古老的城市。空格处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是New York，关系词在定语从句中作及物动词visited的宾语，故正确答案是B。
9．Twitter is a social networking website ______ people from different countries communicate with one another.
A．when B．that C．where D．which
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查定语从句，句意：Twitter 是一个社交网站，来自不同国家的人可以在此交流，空格处是定语从句，先行词是website为抽象地点，在后面从句中充当模糊化的地点状语，因此要用where。故选C。
10．A bus company________ driver caused an accident while using his mobile phone has been fined 10,000 yuan.
A．which B．who C．whose D．what
【答案】C
【解析】考查关系代词。句意：一个公交公司的司机开车时由于使用手机，引起一个事故，已经被罚一万元。空格处是定语从句，先行词是A bus company，在定语从句中driver缺少定语，因此要用whose引导。故选C。
11．Small tour groups from countries________ coronavirus infections are well under control are welcome here
A．in which B．when C．that D．from which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：来自于冠状病毒感染受到很好的控制的国家的小旅游团在这里是受欢迎的。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查限制性定语从句，先行词是“countries”，在从句“coronavirus infections are well under control”做地点状语，所以连词用关系副词where或者介词in+关系代词which的结构，表示“在这些国家，冠状病毒感染受到很好的控制”的意思。故选A。
12．The reason________ some people pay more attention to their appearance is that they care much more about what other people think of them.
A．where B．that C．when D．why
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：一些人更加关注他们的外貌的原因是他们更加在意别人对他们的看法。A. where哪里；B. that这；C. when何时；D. why为什么。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词是“reason”，在定语从句“some people pay more attention to their appearance”中做原因状语，所以要用关系副词why。故选D。
13．It is this book, with ________ help you have deepened your understanding of Chinese culture, that is worth reading.
A．which B．that C．whom D．whose
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：正是这本曾经帮助你加深了对中国文化的理解的书值得读。A. which指物，做主、宾、表的成分； B. that指人或物，做主、宾、表的成分；C. whom指人，做宾、表的成分；D. whose指人或物，做定语的成分。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句。先行词是“this book”，在从句中做名词“help”的定语，所以要用whose。故选D。
14．We will do something for those students ________education can not be completed easily each year.
A．whose B．which C．whom D．who
【答案】A
【解析】考查关系代词。句意：我们将帮助那些每年不能容易完成教育的那些学生。空格处是定语从句，先行词是 students，根据定语从句中的education可知从句中缺少定语，应用whose。故选A。
15．A lot of lovers chose to get married on Dec. 12, 2012 ________ the date, the month and the year match.
A．which B．in which C．when D．of which
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：很多情侣选择在2012年12月12日结婚，因为这一天的日期、月份和年份相匹配。本句是定语从句，从句修饰先行词Dec. 12, 2012，先行词表示时间，且在从句中做时间状语，关系词应用when，故选C项。
16．The Nobel Prize in literature has been awarded annually to an author from any country ________ has produced “in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction”.
A．which B．who C．where D．as
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：诺贝尔文学奖每年颁发给“在文学领域朝着理想方向创作出最杰出作品”的任何国家的作家。本句是定语从句，从句修饰先行词an author，先行词是人，在从句中作主语，关系代词应用who，故选B项。
17．Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ________ was very reasonable.
A．which price B．of which price C．price of which D．whose price
【答案】D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最近我买了一个中国古代花瓶，它的价格非常合理。 分析句子结构及根据选项，可知该句考查定语从句的引导词；从句主语price与先行词an ancient Chinese vase之间有所属关系，所以用关系代词whose引起从句。故选D项。
18．We don’t know the number of people ________ lost their homes in the earthquake.
A．whom B．who C．which D．/
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们还不知道地震中失去家园的人数。分析句型可知，此处考查定语从句；从句缺少主语，先行词是people，所以用指代人的关系代词who。注意whom在从句中一般作宾语和表语。故选B项。
19．You are the only person ________ advice Tom might listen to.
A．who B．whose C．that D．which
【答案】B
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：只有你的建议汤姆才会听。本句是定语从句，先行词person在从句中作定语，应用whose，故选B项。
20．He talked happily about the men and books ________ interested him greatly in the school.
A．that B．when C．who D．Which
【答案】A
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他高兴地谈到在学校时使他感兴趣的人和书。分析可知空格处是定语从句，先行词是the men and books，在定语从句中作主语，根据语法规则，当先行词既包含人又包含物时，关系代词用that。故选A。
高考必考题型练习
一、完形填空
（四川省绵阳市南山中学2022-2023学年高一上学期入学考试）Inspiration
“Mama, when I grow up, I’m going to be one of those!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my 1 took on a lifelike form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and 2 more, my interests in the world of dance 3 changed but that little girl’s dream of someday becoming a 4 in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a 5 ; I became a member of the company 6 back to 1925.
As I look back on that day now, it is surely 7 of any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief 8 I was halfway through rehearsals(排练) on my first day. I never actually 9 to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely 10 . I remember shaking with excitement.
Though I was excited with the change, it did not come without its fair share of 11 . Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to 12 up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme   13 to detail and stress on practice that set us 14 . To then follow those high-energy rehearsals with a 15 show plan of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new 16 of the words “hard work.” What I thought were my physical 17 were pushed much further than I thought 18 . I learned to make each performance better than the last.
Today, when I look at the unbelievable company that I have the great 19 of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a 20 that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a wonderful company that continues to develop and grow — and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.
1．A．dream B．plan C．hobby D．word
2．A．connected B．required C．knew D．educated
3．A．exactly B．certainly C．probably D．hardly
4．A．director B．trainer C．leader D．dancer
5．A．regret B．memory C．truth D．reality
6．A．returning B．dating C．turning D．arriving
7．A．short B．ashamed C．fond D．plenty
8．A．while B．since C．until D．when
9．A．cared B．expected C．asked D．decided
10．A．encouraged B．relaxed C．sure D．surprised
11．A．challenges B．profits C．advantages D．adventures
12．A．put B．mix C．build D．pick
13．A．connection B．attention C．attraction D．conversation
14．A．apart B．aside C．off D．back
15．A．wonderful B．various C．busy D．huge
16．A．function B．meaning C．expression D．usage
17．A．limits B．problems C．hardships D．efforts
18．A．necessary B．perfect C．proper D．possible
19．A．talent B．honor C．possibility D．responsibility
20．A．victory B．choice C．tradition D．desire
【答案】1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．D 13．B 14．A 15．C 16．B 17．A 18．D 19．B 20．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过亲身经历告诉我们原本认为不可能的事通过努力也会成为可能，我们要挑战自己的极限，时刻鼓舞自己去实现梦想。
1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是我的梦想第一次以一种生动的形式出现，并成为我训练的重要开始。A. dream梦想；B. plan计划；C. hobby爱好；D. word单词。根据前文的“I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three.”以及整篇文章都在讲主人公想当舞蹈家的梦想。故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，接触到的东西也越来越多，我对舞蹈的兴趣当然有所变化，但那个小女孩有朝一日成为舞蹈团一名舞蹈家的梦想从未离开过我。A. connected连接；B. required要求；C. knew知道；D. educated教育。根据前文“As I grew older and was　　2　　to more.”可知，此处指“知道的东西也越来越多”，故选C。
3．考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，接触到的东西也越来越多，我对舞蹈的兴趣当然有所变化，但那个小女孩有朝一日成为舞蹈团一名舞蹈家的梦想从未离开过我。A. exactly精确地；B. certainly当然地；C. probably很可能地；D. hardly几乎不。根据前文“As I grew older and　　2　　more,”可知，随着年龄的增长，接触的东西多了，兴趣也必然会随之变化。故选B。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着年龄的增长，接触到的东西也越来越多，我对舞蹈的兴趣当然有所变化，但那个小女孩有朝一日成为舞蹈团一名舞蹈家的梦想从未离开过我。A. director导演；B. trainer训练员；C. leader领导者；D. dancer舞蹈者。根据前文““Mama, when I grow up, I’m going to be one of those!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three.”可知，女孩的梦想是成为舞蹈家。故选D。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：2005年夏天，我18岁的时候，我收到了一个让梦想成为现实的电话。A. regret后悔；B. memory记忆；C. truth事实；D. reality现实。根据后文“I became a member of the company　　6　　back to 1925.”可知，我成为该公司的一家成员，此处指梦想变成现实。故选D。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我成为该公司的一名成员，该公司可以追溯到1925年。A. returning回来；B. dating约会；C. turning转变；D. arriving到来。根据后文“back to 1925”可知，这家公司从1925年开始的。 date back to表示“追溯到”。故选B。
7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，当我回顾那一天，它确实缺乏任何现实感。A. short短缺的，缺乏的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. fond喜欢的；D. plenty大量的。根据后文“believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief 　　8　　I was halfway through rehearsals(排练) on my first day.”可知，作者根本就没有想到自己会被录取，在公司的第一天就像做梦一样。故此处强调的是“不现实”。故选A。
8．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我相信我一直保持着一种愉快的怀疑状态，直到第一天的排练进行到一半。A. while尽管；B. since自从……以来；C. until直到……为止；D. when当……时候。根据前文“I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief.”以及后文“I was halfway through rehearsals(排练) on my first day.”可知，作者一直处于怀疑状态，直到第一天的排练进行到一半才相信这是真的。故选C。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有想到要得到这份工作。A. cared关心；B. expected期盼，预测；C. asked问；D. decided决定。根据前文“I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief”可知，作者一直处于怀疑状态，说明没想到自己会得到这份工作，故选B。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在得到这个职位后，我完全惊呆了。A. encouraged被鼓励的；B. relaxed放松；C. sure确信的；D. surprised吃惊的。根据后文“I remember shaking with excitement.”可知，作者从来没有想到要得到这份工作，所以得到后惊呆了，故选D。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然我对这一变化感到非常兴奋，但它也带来了公平的挑战。A. challenges挑战；B. profits利润；C. advantages优势；D. adventures冒险。根据下文“Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to 　　12　　up the material fast with every last bit of concentration.”可知，此处强调的是该工作需要严格的舞蹈排练和学习材料，这个工作也带来了挑战，故选A。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过每周六天的严格排练，我发现集中注意力快速学习材料是至关重要的。A. put放；B. mix混合；C. build建造；D. pick捡起。 根据后文“the material fast with every last bit of concentration.”可知，作者发现集中注意力快速学习材料是至关重要的，pick up意为“捡起、学会”，符合句意。故选D。
13．考查名词词义辨析。句意：正是这种对细节和压力的极端关注使我们分开。 A. connection联系；B. attention注意力；C. attraction吸引；D. conversation对话。 根据后文的“detail and stress on practice that set us 　　14　　”，可知，此处指的是注重的是细节和强调的是练习。故选B。
14．考查副词词义辨析。句意：正是这种对细节和练习的极端关注使我们分离。A. apart分离；B. aside在一边；C. off远离；D. back回去。set apart意为“区分开，分开”。根据前文的“It is that extreme  　　13　　 to detail and stress on practice”可知，有些人有耐心注意细节，所以就跳的好，有些人没耐心不注意细节，就跳的不好，指跳舞水平的层次不同，使得人们区分开。故选A。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，在那些高能量的排练之后，每天有多达五场的繁忙演出计划，我发现了“努力工作”这个词的新含义。A. wonderful美好的；B. various各种各样的；C. busy繁忙的；D. huge巨大的。根据后文的“plan of up to five performances a day”可知，每天多达五场的演出计划，是繁忙的。故选C。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. function功能；B. meaning意义；C. expression表达；D. usage使用。根据前文的“I discovered a new”可知，作者在经历繁忙的演出过程中，发现了“努力工作”这个词的新含义。故选B。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为我体能的极限被发挥到超出想象的地步。A. limits限制，界限；B. problems麻烦，问题；C. hardships艰难；D. efforts努力。根据前文“To then follow those high-energy rehearsals with a 　　15　　show plan of up to five performances a day”可知，作者每天都有高能量的训练和演出，让作者知道了她体能的极限被发挥到超出想象的地步。故选A。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. necessary必要的；B. perfect完美的；C. proper正确的，合适的；D. possible可能的。根据前文“were pushed much further than”可知，作者通过坚持和努力，作者突破了身体上的极限，这里指超过了所认为可能的地步。故选D。
19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：今天,当我看了非常荣幸加入的令人难以置信的公司时,不仅作为一个成员，而且作为一个舞蹈队长，我看到一个传统，不仅激励了一代又一代的小女孩,而是一个辉煌的公司继续发展和成长—激发人们每天追随自己的梦想。A. talent天赋；B. honor荣誉；C. possibility可能性；D. responsibility责任。根据后文“of being a part of”可知，作者作为公司的一员，所以作者的心理感觉到的一定是荣耀。故选B。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。 A. victory胜利；B. choice选择；C. tradition传统；D. desire欲望，渴望。根据后文的“that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a wonderful company that continues to develop and grow.”可知，此处强调的是，作者看到的东西不仅仅鼓励了一代又一代的跳舞的女孩儿们，也促进了这个辉煌的公司不停地向前发展，所以这样一个东西应该是公司的底蕴、传统。故选C。
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（四川省绵阳市南山中学2022-2023学年高一上学期入学考试）A Respectable Watermelon Expert
China 1 (be) the largest producer and consumer of watermelons in the world since 2018. And Wu Mingzhu, 92 years old now, is the unsung hero who has helped make this possible. It’s fair 2 (say) that about 80 percent of the watermelons served at people’s dining tables every day are the result of great efforts made by Wu and her team over more than 60 years.
Admitted to Southwest Agricultural College in Chongqing in the late 1940s, Wu is an alumnus (校友) of Yuan Longping, the “father of hybrid rice”. After two years of application failures, Wu succeeded in 3 (realize)her dream of starting her career in Xinjiang in 1955. Since then, she has put 4 (she)to growing sweet melons.
Wu’s efforts to grow quality melons began paying off in 1973, 5 she set up an off-season growing base in Hainan. Going and returning between Xinjiang and Hainan 6 (frequent) for many years, Wu developed more than 20,000 of China’s new seed 7 (kind) through off-season growing.
Wu’s contribution has won her many praises. She became 8 member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering in 1999 and an honorary citizen of Sanya in 2004. In addition, growers call her the “Queen of Melons”.
Now suffering from Alzheimer’s (阿尔兹海默) disease, Wu is often 9 (able)to recognize her former colleagues or even her family members. However, the memory of her melon work 10 (remain) in her mind.
【答案】1．has been 2．to say 3．realizing 4．herself 5．when 6．frequently 7．kinds 8．a 9．unable 10．remains
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了受人尊敬的西瓜专家——吴明珠院士。2018年以来，中国成为世界上最大的西瓜生产国和消费国。而现年92岁的吴明珠是使这一切成为可能的无名英雄。
1．考查现在完成时。句意：2018年以来，中国成为世界上最大的西瓜生产国和消费国。结合句中since 2018可知，主句的时态为现在完成时。句子主语“China”为单数，所以此处填has been，故填has been。
2．考查不定式。句意：公平地说，人们餐桌上每天供应的80% 左右的西瓜都是吴明珠和她的团队60多年努力的结果。此处使用了固定句式：It is fair to do...“做某事是公平的。”it为形式主语，不定式 to do为真正的主语，所以此处填to say。故填to say。
3．考查动名词。句意：经过两年的申请失败后，1955年吴明珠女士实现了她在新疆开始职业生涯的梦想。短语：succeed in doing sth.“成功做某事”，doing为动名词作宾语，结合句中提示，所以此处用realizing，故填realizing。
4．考查反身代词。句意：从那以后，她一直致力于种植甜瓜。当宾语和主语为同一物时，宾语要用反身代词。空处在句中为宾语，和主语意义一致，都表示吴明珠女士，所以此处用反身代词herself，故填herself。
5．考查定语从句。句意：吴女士种植优质甜瓜的努力在1973年得到了回报，那一年她在海南建立了一个淡季种植基地。分析可知，“　5　　she set up an offseason growing base inHainan”为非限制性定语从句，先行词为1973，在从句中作时间状语，所以此处用关系副词when，故填when。
6．考查副词。句意：多年频繁往返于新疆和海南之间，通过反季节种植，吴培育了2万多个中国新种子品种。副词修饰动词，此处用副词修饰动词“going and returning”，故填frequently。
7．考查名词复数。句意：同上。kind“种类”为可数名词，结合前文“more than 20,000”可知，此处指复数含义。故填kinds。
8．考查冠词。句意：1999年她成为中国工程院院士，2004年成为三亚荣誉市民。member“成员”为可数名词，此处为单数含义，结合主语“she”，指她成为了一名中国工程院院士。，member的首个音素为辅音，所以用不定冠词a，故填a。
9．考查形容词。句意：现在她患有老年痴呆症，吴常常认不出以前的同事，甚至连家人都认不出来。.短语：be able to do“能做……”，结合句前“Now suffering from Alzheimer’s （阿尔兹海默）disease”可知，吴明珠女士现在患有阿尔茨海默病，所以此处指她现在不能认出她以前的同事甚至是家人。所以用形容词unable，故填unable。
10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：然而，她的西瓜工作的记忆仍然在她的脑海中。空处在句中为谓语，结合前文“now”可知，此处的时态用一般现在时。句子主语“the memory of her melon work”为单数含义，所以谓语用单数。故填remains。