【暑假初升高】人教版2019英语初三（升高一）暑假预习-第01讲 句子成分及五种简单句 (知识讲解+高考必考题型练习）

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第01讲 句子成分及五种简单句(知识讲解+高考必考题型练习)

目标 1
熟悉句子的各个成分。
目标 2
了解五种简单句。


一、句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：
构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；
主要成分有主语和谓语；
次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。
1. 主语
主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，表明句子里所谈的是:“什么人”或“什么物”，一般位于句首。但在 there be 结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。如:
Since the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular(名词)自从 20 世纪 90 年代以来，美国乡村音乐已经变得越来越流行。
They often speak English after class. (代词)
Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词)
To swim in the deep river is a great pleasure.(不定式)
Eating too much does harm to your health.(动名词)·
The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词).
What he needs is a book.(主语从句)
It is necessary for us to master a foreign language(it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式)掌握一门外语对我们来说是必要的。
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree(It形式主语，that 引导的主语从句是真正主语》
大象像树一样又圆又高，这一点是显然的。
2. 谓语
谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后(在倒装语序下，谓语可放于主语之前)。谓语的构成如下:
(1)简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:
She practises running every morning.(单个动词 practise 做谓语)
(2)复合谓语
①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:·
You may keep the book for three weeks.(情态动词 may+动词原形keep 做谓语)
The little girl has caught a bad cold.(助动词 hast动词过去分词 caught做谓语)
②由系动词加表语构成。如:
We are students now.(系动词 are+名词 students 构成系表结构做谓语)
【注意】谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。如:
I am reading.
You are reading.
He/She is reading.
We are reading.
Mary loves swimming.
You don't trust me.
He believes me.
3. 表语
表语用以表述说明主语的身份、特征和状态，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，它一般位于系动词(如 be、become、get、look、grow、turn、seem 等)之后，与系动词共同构成谓语。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。如:
Our foreign teacher is an American.(名词)
Are they yours? (代词)(They are yours.)
The weather has turned warm.(形容词)
The lecture is exciting.(分词)
Three times seven is twenty-one.(数词)三乘七等于二十一。
Her job is to teach English.(不定式)
Her hobby is singing popular songs.(动名词)
The old machine must be out oforder.(介词短语)
这台老机器肯定运转不畅。
Time is up. Class is over.(副词)
The truth is that she has never been abroad.(表语从句)事实是她从没去过国外。
4. 宾语
宾语表示动作行为的对象或承受者。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。如:
He went to see a film yesterday.(名词)
The thick fog prevented us from coming to school on time.(代词)浓雾使我们无法准时到校。
How many books do you have? -I have fifty.(数词)
We helped the old with their housework.(名词化形容词)·She pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)
He enjoys listening to popular songs.(动名词短语)·We think (that) she is fit for her job.(宾语从句)
宾语种类:
直接宾语和间接宾语--有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的通常为动词的间接承受者叫作间接宾语，指物的通常为动词的直接承受者叫直接宾语，在一起称为成为双宾语，一般间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，如:
He gave me some ink.他给了我一些墨水。
间接宾语 直接宾语
Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。
间接宾语 直接宾语
5. 宾语补足语
英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和它的补足语构成宾语复合宾语。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如 make 等)+宾语+宾补。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。如:
His father named him Jack.
谓语 宾语 宾补(名词)
He painted his wall yellow.(形容词)·
Let the dog out.(副词)
You mustn't force her to lend her money to you.(不定式短语) 你不能强迫她借钱给你。
We saw him entering the room.(现在分词)
He found everything in the lab in good order.
谓语 定语(修饰 everything) (介词短语)
We will soon make our school what your school is now. (从句)
我们不久就要把我们的学校发展成你们学校目前的那个样子。
6. 定语
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。如:
Hangzhou is a beautiful city.(形容词)
China is a developing country while the USA is a developed country(分词)
中国是个发展中国家，而美国是个发达国家。
There are thirty men teachers in our school.(名词)
Her progress in English made us surprised.(代词)
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语)我们班长总是第一个进教室的人。
Our teaching plan for the next term has been worked out.(动名词)
He is reading an article about how to learn a foreign language.(介词短语)
他正在读一本关于如何学外语的书。
7. 状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可以作状语的主要是副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。如:
Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)·
We have lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)
She is proud to have passed the examination.(不定式短语)·
The boy is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)·
Once you begin,you must continue.(状语从句)状语的种类如下:
How about meeting again at seven?(时间状语)
Last night she didn't go to the party because of the heavy rain.(原因状语).
We shall go there if it doesn't rain.(条件状语)·
Mrs.Green lives on the third floor.(地点状语)
He put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)
He came in with a book in his hand.(伴随状语)手上拿着本书，他进来了。
In order to catch up with the others, we must work harder.(目的状语)
She was so tired that she fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)
Tu Youyou works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)
I am taller than she is.(比较状语)
8. 同位语
把一个名词(短语)、代词或从句放在另一名词或代词后，对前面的名词或代词作进一步解释， 用以说明前者的性质或情况，这样的名词或代词叫同位语。如:
·We Chinese people love peace.(Chinese people 是主语 We 的同位语)
You all should be punished.(代词做同位语)
She herself went there.(反身代词做同位语)
Our English teacher, Mr. Zhang, is very thin.(名词做同位语)
Doctor Li, a kind and friendly girl, lives next to me.(名词短语做同位语)李医生，一个善良又待人友好的女孩儿，住在我家隔壁。
二、五种基本句型结构
一、句型1： Subject (主语) ＋ Vi (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，所谓不及物动词，就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词有：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如：
1) Li Ming works very hard.
2)Spring is coming.
补充： 少数不及物动词后面能跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。 常见的能带同源宾语的动词有lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing等。如：
1) Under the leadership of the Party we lead a happy life.
2) I dreamed a terrible dream last night.
3) Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August.
4) He died a glorious death.

二、句型2：Subject (主语) ＋ Link. V(系动词) ＋ Predicate(表语)
这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：
(1)表示状态。这样的词有：be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如：
1) This kind of food tastes delicious.
2) He looked worried just now.
(2)表示变化。这类系动词有：become, turn, get, grow, go等。如：
1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.
2) The tree has grown much taller than before.
三、句型3：Subject(主语) ＋ Vt(谓语) ＋ Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词，就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语，其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例：
1) He took his bag and left. (名词)
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day. (不定式)
4) He managed to escape suffering from the disease. (动名词)
5) I don't know what I should do next. (从句)
注意：英语中的许多动词既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。如：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve, grow, beat, operate, smell, play, hang, ring, speak等。如：
Everybody, our game begins.
Let’s begin our game.
四、句型4： Subject (主语)＋Vt (谓语)＋ Indirect object (间接宾语)＋Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物”的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如：
1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.
2) The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：
A. 动词 ＋ 直接宾语 ＋ for sb.； B. 动词 ＋ 直接宾语 ＋ to sb.。
上述句子还可以表达为：
1) Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
2) The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.

五、句型5： Subject (主语)＋Vt (动词)＋Object (宾语)＋Complement (补语)
这种句型中的“宾语 ＋ 补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如：
1) You should keep the room clean and tidy. (形容词)
2) We made him our monitor. (名词)
3) His father told him not to play in the street. (不定式)
4) My father likes to watch the boys playing basketball. (现在分词)
5) Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans. (过去分词)
6) We went to her house but found her out. (副词)
7) I found him in trouble. (介词短语)
● 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow等。
● 注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：
1) The boss made him do the work all day.
2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.


名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词辨析
1. （2022年全国甲卷语法填空）
...Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. ___64___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___ (protect). Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers ___69___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, planning to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
64.【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词。句意：他的一个朋友吴凡自愿在旅途中与他作伴。根据句意可知，此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。
65.【答案】protection
【解析】考查名词。句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。
66.【答案】meaningful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
68.【答案】highest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
69.【答案】from
【解析】考查介词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步返回到西安。根据句意和Xi’an to Kashgar 可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，应用介词from，固定搭配from…to…表示“从……到……”。故填from。
2. （2022年全国甲卷短文改错）
My father often took me to his hospital when I was off my school. He showed me how his medical instruments were used. I felt so closely to him. However, after I went to high school, somehow I become distant from him.... The disagreement was so sharp that neither he nor I knew how to settle it. One day, he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations. With the efforts made by all sides, we began to understand each other better.
1.【答案】去掉my
【解析】考查短语。句意：当我不上学时，我的爸爸经常带我去他的医院。off school为固定短语，表示“不在上学时”，school前面不加任何限定词。故将my去掉。
3.【答案】closely→close
【解析】考查形容词。句意：我对他感觉如此亲近。felt为系动词，后面用形容词作表语，表示“亲近的”，closely为副词，此处用close。故将closely改为close。
4.【答案】become→became
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：然而，在我上了高中之后，不知怎么的，我开始疏远他。全文用一般过去时，动词become应改为过去式became。故将become改为became。
9.【答案】or→and
【解析】考查并列连词。句意：一天，他和我交谈，并且希望修补我们的关系。根据语境，“talked with me”与“hoped to mend our relations”为顺承、递进关系，用and连接。故将or改为and。
10.【答案】all→both
【解析】考查限定词。句意：在两方的努力下，我们开始更好地理解对方。结合语境可知，此处表示作者和父亲双方，用both修饰sides，表示两方，all用于三者及以上。故将all改为both。

基础过关检测
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest, your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
一、1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语
二、写出下列句子是什么简单句型。
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass.
6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．
7. At last he got home, tired and hungry.
8. Trees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open.
10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends.
12.All the students think highly of his teaching
13. We need a place twice larger than this one.
14. He asked us to sing an English song.
15. Don’t get nervous. Help yourself to what you like．
答案
1.主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
2. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
3. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
4. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
5. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语
6. 主语＋动词 ＋ 形式宾语 it＋ 宾语补足语+宾语
7. 主语 ＋不及物动词
8. 主语＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
9. 主语 ＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
10. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
11. 主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
12 主语＋及物动词 ＋宾语
13. 主语 ＋及物动词 ＋宾语
14. 主语＋动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ 宾语补足语
15. 主语 ＋ 系动词 ＋ 表语
三、划分下列简单句的成分，并写出是什么句型。
1. All my efforts will pay off.
【答案】(All my) efforts will pay off. “主+谓”句型
【解析】此句是“主谓”结构句型。pay off在此句中意为“取得成效”，是不及物动词短语。all my修饰efforts作定语，efforts为主语。
2. Senior high school is a time of learning and discovering.
【答案】(Senior high) school is a time (of learning and discovering). “主+系（谓）+表”句型
【解析】此句是“主+系（谓）+表”结构。senior high作school的定语。is是系动词，其后的a time是表语，构成“系表结构”。of learning and discovering修饰a time，是介词短语作定语成分。
3. All roads lead to Rome.
【答案】(All) roads lead to Rome. “主+谓+宾”句型
【解析】此句是“主谓宾”结构。lead是谓语动词，to在此处为介词，Rome跟在介词to后作宾语。（此句说一句谚语，意为“条条大道通罗马”。）
4. Jack offered me some helpful advice.
【答案】Jack offered me (some helpful) advice. “主+谓+双宾”句型
【解析】此句是“主谓双宾（间接宾语+直接宾语）”结构。此句中offer是谓语动词。me和some helpful advice都是offer动作的对象，因此都是宾语成分。通常人为间接宾语（此句中的me），物是直接宾语（此句中的advice）。
5. Setting goals makes you more confident.
【答案】Setting goals makes you more confident. “主+谓+宾+宾补”句型
【解析】此句为“主+谓+宾+宾补”句型。setting goal动名词作主语。you作make的宾语。more confident补充说明宾语，与宾语you构成一定逻辑关系，是宾语补足语成分。
6. Teenagers’ physical changes may result in such family tensions.
【答案】(Teenagers’ physical) changes may result in (such family) tensions.“主+谓+宾”句型
【解析】此句为“主+谓+宾”结构。teenager’s physical修饰changes作定语。may result in是情态动词+谓语动词+介词，其后的such family tensions作宾语。
7. Modern technology has allowed rich people to accumulate wealth more easily.
【答案】(Modern) technology has allowed (rich) people to accumulate wealth [more easily].“主+谓+宾+宾补”句型
【解析】此句是“主+谓+宾+宾补”句型。has allowed是现在完成时结构的谓语动词。rich people作其宾语。to accumulate(积累)wealth不定式短语补充说明rich people，作宾语补足语。more easily是副词，表示程度，修饰动词accumulate,作状语成分。
8. Population growth remains a serious problem in Bangladesh.
【答案】Population growth remains a (serious) problem [in Bangladesh].“主+系（谓）+表”句型
【解析】此句是“主+系（谓）+表”句型。remain意为“保持，仍然是”，是系动词，后跟名词短语a serious problem作表语。serious修饰名词problem作其定语。in Bangladesh作地点状语。
四、用所学简单句句型翻译下列句子。
1. 这个提议听起来很棒！（主+系+表）

【答案】This proposal sounds so great.
2. 天气很重要。（主+谓+状）

【答案】The weather counts/matters a great deal.
3. 下周六我们将举办一场英语演讲比赛。（主+谓+宾+状）

【答案】We will hold an English Speech Competition next Saturday.
4. 全球气候一直在变化。（主+谓）

【答案】The world climate has been changing.
5. 很多父母觉得和他们的孩子们经常沟通是很困难的。（find+形式宾语+宾补）

【答案】Many parents find it difficult to have regular conversations with their children.
6. 我无法想象没有互联网的生活。（主+谓+宾）

【答案】I can’t imagine the world without the Internet.
7. 互联网有助于我们与我们的朋友保持联系。（主+谓+宾+宾补）

【答案】The Internet helps us keep in contact with our friends.
8. 太阳给了我们光和热。（主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语）

【答案】The sun gives us light and heat.

高考必考题型练习
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Text 1
(湖南省长沙市雅礼中学2022-2023学年新高一入学分班考试) 1 (address)anxiety and mental health concerns caused by the novel coronavirus outbreak, the National Health Commission has required provincial-level regions to combine 2 (psychology) support resources and standardize such public services.
"Colleges 3 (equip) with psychological centers are also encouraged to step up intervention and counseling（建议） to students 4 may be affected by the disease's spread," said Wang Bin, deputy director of the commission's disease control and 5 (prevent) bureau（局，办事处）at a news conference held on Monday.
Days of intensive（密集的）work had exhausted him and caused him to lose his temper for a brief moment. The doctor quickly collected 6 (he) and went back to 7 (treat) patients.
Yang Fude , Party secretary of the Beijing Hui long guan Hospital, said many medical workers and personnel 8 charge of registering and screening residents in neighborhoods 9 (face) tremendous pressure and are pushing their mental and physical 10 (limit).
1．To address 2．psychological 3．equipped 4．who/that 5．prevention 6．himself 7．treating 8．in 9．are facing 10．limits
【导语】本文是说明文。为了应对新型冠状病毒引起的焦虑与心理问题，国家卫健委要求各省市地区整合心理支持资源并规范此类公共服务。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：国家卫健委要求各省市地区整合心理支持资源并规范此类公共服务，以解决因新型冠状病毒疫情引发的焦虑和心理健康问题。分析句子结构可知，此句中address作动词，意为：处理；解决。使用不定式作目的状语，注意首字母大写。故填To address。
2．考查形容词。句意：国家卫健委要求各省市地区整合心理支持资源并规范此类公共服务，以解决因新型冠状病毒疫情引发的焦虑和心理健康问题。使用psychology的形容词形式psychological“心理的；精神上的”修饰名词resources，作定语。故填psychological。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：在周一举行的新闻发布会上，卫健委疾病控制和预防局副局长王斌表示:“还鼓励配备心理中心的高校加强对可能受到疾病传播影响的学生的干预和咨询。”分析句子结构可知，equipped with psychological centers在句中作colleges的后置定语，因为colleges和equip“装备；配备；使有能力”之间是被动关系，故填equipped。
4．考查定语从句。句意：在周一举行的新闻发布会上，卫健委疾病控制和预防局副局长王斌表示:“还鼓励配备心理中心的高校加强对可能受到疾病传播影响的学生的干预和咨询。”本句的先行词是students，关系词使用who或that，指人，在句中充当主语。故填who/that。
5．考查名词。句意：在周一举行的新闻发布会上，卫健委疾病控制和预防局副局长王斌表示:“还鼓励配备心理中心的高校加强对可能受到疾病传播影响的学生的干预和咨询。”分析句子结构可知，此处应用名词prevention“预防；防止”和control“控制”是并列关系。故填prevention。
6．考查代词。句意：医生很快振作起来，回去治疗病人。动词短语collect oneself表示“镇定下来”，he的翻身代词是himself。故填himself。
7．考查非谓语动词。句意：医生很快振作起来，回去治疗病人。短语go back to doing sth表示“回去做未完的事”，因此treat“治疗”使用动名词形式。故填treating。
8．考查介词。句意：北京回龙观医院党委书记杨富德表示，许多负责社区居民登记和筛查的医务人员面临着巨大的压力，正在推动他们的精神和身体的极限。介词短语in charge of表示“负责”。故填in。
9．考查动词时态。句意：北京回龙观医院党委书记杨富德表示，许多负责社区居民登记和筛查的医务人员面临着巨大的压力，正在推动他们的精神和身体的极限。根据连词and 后面的are pushing可知，前面也用现在进行时。故填are facing。
10．考查名词单复数。句意：北京回龙观医院党委书记杨富德表示，许多负责社区居民登记和筛查的医务人员面临着巨大的压力，正在推动他们的精神和身体的极限。表示身体和精神的极限，后面用名词复数形式作宾语。故填limits。
Text 2
(河南省六市重点高中2022-2023学年高一下学期开学联考) East China’s Jiangsu Province is 1 land of abundance (富饶). It is home to several UNESCO world heritages sites, including the Classical Gardens of Suzhou, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum in Nanjing and part of the Grand Canal.
As the 2 (tradition) tea processing techniques and their associated social practices in China 3 (add) to UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on Nov 29, 2022, tea culture in Jiangsu Province attracts attention again.
Fuchun teahouse lies 4 a hutong in Yangzhou of Jiangsu Province. Although it is not located in the very heart of the city, its reputation persuades many customers into 5 (come) in groups.
6 (found) in 1885, Fuchun teahouse was a flower shop and 77 (become) a place for people 8 (drink) tea then. It started to offer 9 (variety) of delicate pastries (甜点) until the owner introduced them, 10 not only perfectly matched the Chinese tea, but also represented a kind of artistry from the kitchen. Fuchun pastry craft was listed in the national intangible cultural heritage in 2008.
【来源】【答案】1．a 2．traditional 3．were added 4．in 5．coming 6．Founded 7．became 8．to drink 9．varieties 10．which
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了江苏省的茶文化和富春茶馆。
1．考查冠词。句意：中国东部的江苏省是一片富饶的土地。分析句意可知，可数名词单数land“土地”前需要使用不定冠词表示单数概念。故填a。
2．考查形容词。句意：随着中国传统的茶加工技术及其相关的社会实践于2022年11月29日被列入联合国教科文组织《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》，江苏省的茶文化再次受到关注。分析句意可知，名词tradition“传统”需要使用形容词形式traditional“传统的”，作定语，修饰名词短语tea processing techniques“茶加工技术”。故填traditional。
3．考查动词时态语态。句意：随着中国传统的茶加工技术及其相关的社会实践于2022年11月29日被列入联合国教科文组织《人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录》，江苏省的茶文化再次受到关注。分析句意可知，动词add“增加”的动作已经发生，故需要使用一般过去时，且其与主语，复数名词短语“tea processing techniques and their associated social practices (茶加工技术及其相关的社会实践)”构成动宾关系，故需要使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were added。
4．考查介词。句意：富春茶馆位于江苏省扬州市的一个胡同里。分析句意可知，此处动词介词短语lie in“位于”作谓语，指明富春茶馆的位置。故填in。
5．考查动名词。句意：虽然它不在城市的中心，但它的声誉吸引了许多顾客成群结队地来。分析句意可知，动词come“来”需要使用动名词形式作介词into的宾语。故填coming。
6．考查过去分词。句意：富春茶馆成立于1885年，当时是一家花店，成为人们喝茶的地方。分析句意可知，动词found“创立”需要使用过去分词形式作状语，且与主语Fuchun teahouse“富春茶馆”构成动宾关系。故填Founded。
7．考查时态。句意：富春茶馆成立于1885年，当时是一家花店，成为人们喝茶的地方。分析句意可知，动词become“成为”需要使用一般过去时，因为与其并列的系表结构为一般过去时。故填became。
8．考查不定式。句意：富春茶馆成立于1885年，当时是一家花店，成为人们喝茶的地方。分析句意可知，动词drink“喝”需要使用不定式，表示人们来富春茶馆的目的。故填to drink。
9．考查名词复数。句意：直到老板引进各种精致的糕点，它开始提供这些糕点，这不仅与中国茶完美匹配，而且代表了厨房的一种艺术。分析句意可知，可数名词variety“种类”需要使用复数形式，因为其前没有表示单数概念的量词和冠词，且构成词组varieties of“各种各样的”。故填varieties。
10．考查定语从句。句意：直到老板引进各种精致的糕点，它开始提供这些糕点，这不仅与中国茶完美匹配，而且代表了厨房的一种艺术。分析句意可知，空格处应该填写关系代词which，引导非限定性定语从句，在句中作主语，先行词为pastries“糕点”。故填which。