【暑假初升高】人教版2019英语初三（升高一）暑假预习-第03讲 非谓语动词 ( 知识讲解+高考必考题型练习）

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第03讲 非谓语动词(知识讲解+高考必考题型练习)

目标 1
认识动词不定式的意义和句法功能。
目标 2
认识分词的意义和句法功能。
目标 3
认识动名词的意义和句法功能。


1、定义：
在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式：不定式，动名词，和分词（分词包括现在分词和过去分词，过去分词只有一种形式）。
★非谓语动词的否定式都是在其前直接加not。
2、非谓语动词的各种时态形式：

单谓语或动词短语：
He works.
He takes care of the baby.
情态动词/ 助动词+ v.：
He will go to Shanghai.
He didn’t go to Shanghai.
He has gone to Shanghai.
系动词+表语：
You are students.
You look smart.
3、非谓语动词使用的条件：
一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（即有谓语动词）, 又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时，这些动词就充当了非谓语动词。如：
She had water delivered to her house.
We noticed him enter the building.
4、非谓语动词的形式：
1）to do 不定式
2）V-ing：
①作为一个名词使用，称为动名词；
②作为一个形容词或副词使用，称为现在分词；
3） V-ed 过去分词
一、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做状语
1.不定式做状语，主要表示目的、结果、原因以及评论性状语。
(1)不定式往往放在系表结构后面，表示产生某种情绪或状态的原因。如:
She was surprised to see Jim walk in.看到吉姆进来，她很惊讶。
(2)不定式可以单独作目的状语，有时为了强调目的性在不定式前可以加上in order so as。如:
To succeed, one must first of all believe in himself·
In order to keep warm we shut all the windows.
(3)不定式表结果，常用在too…to; enough….to结构中。有时不定式前加上only，表示出人意料的结果。如:
The child is old enough to dress himself.
We hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left.
The husband left his wife never to return.
(4)有些不定式是用来表示说话者的观点或态度的，放在句子之外，修饰整个句子，我们称之为评论性状语。如:
I have never seen such a person,to tell you the truth
To cut a long story short we disagree.长话短说，我们不同意。
2现做状语可表示时间、原因、结果、伴随、方式、目的以及作评论性状语等。
(1)现在分词的一般式作时间状语，往往表示动作与谓语动词同时发生或相继发生。现在分词的完成式作时间状语，往往表示动作先于谓语动词发生。如:
Hearing the news, they all jumped for joy.
Having finished his speech, he answered our questions.
(2)作原因状语。如:
Living far from the school, I have to get up early in the morning.
(3)作结果状语，常位于句尾，前面的主句表示原因，后面的分词短语表示直接造成的结果。如:
The fire lasted a whole night causing great damage.
(4)作伴随或方式状语，表示与谓语动词同时发生的另一动作。如.
Following Tom, we started to climb.
She came riding a brand-new bike.
(3) 现在分词作目的状语往往具有伴随性，多放于句尾，且与主句间用逗号隔开。如:
Jane kept silent trying not to show her feelings.
(6)作评论性状语，有些惯用的分词短语在句中可以独立存在，它们用来修饰全句，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有:
Generally speaking一般说来 strictly speaking严格说来
roughly speaking 大致说来 narrowly speaking狭义上说
judging from/by由.判断
Judging from her accent she must come from Australia.
3.过去分词在句中可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等状语。
(1)过去分词作时间状语可置于句首，也可以置于句尾，有时还可以置于主语和谓语之间。如:
Asked about his address, the boy didn’t respond.
Seen from the hill the city looks magnificent.
(2)作原因状语，常置于句首。如:
Infected with the H1N1the little boy was separated from the other children
(3)作条件状语。如:
United, we stand; divided, we fall合则立，分则败。
(4)作伴随或方式状语。如:
The pop star hurried up to her car,followed by her fans.
二、不定式与动名词做宾语:
1.下列动词后常跟不定式做宾语:
want,wish hope，expect，ask，afford, agree,choose, pretend,decide,happen,learn
offer,refuse，fail，plan，prepare,order,manage,promise,intend等。如:
He agreed to get someone to help us.
They promised not to break the school rules again
有以下口诀和顺口溜供参考使用:
决定想做计划需要同意能做被用来做的事,
迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事
想要干: want，wish，hope，expect，seek，attempt，aim，desire, swear,claim,would like/love
早打算: plan，intend，prepare，mean，arrange
同意否: agree，promise，undertake，offer，choose，refuse，afford
问问看:ask(asktodo要求做)，beg
决定了:decide，determine，be determined,make up one’s mind
尽力干:try，manage(反义词fail)，attempt，struggle，strive
不愿等:beunwilling，(cant)wait
别装蒜:pretend
*说明:口诀内的动词后跟不定式，几乎都有将来意味。
2在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词做宾语:
admit, advise,allow, avoid,bear,cannot help,consider,delay,enjoy,finish ,give up, imagine
include, keep, keep on,mind,miss,put off,permit,practice,resist,risk,suggest,stand ,insist on, be busy, be worth,feel like,can’t stand, be/get/become used to,be equal to,devote…to,get down to,look forward to,object to, stick to. take to, see to,lead to,pay attention to等。
考虑建议盼望原谅consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon
承认推迟去设想admit，delay/put off/postpone,fancy
避免错过继续练avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice
否认完成去欣赏deny，finish，appreciate
禁止想象去冒险forbid，imagine，risk
不禁介意准逃亡can’t help，mind，allow/permit，escape
难以忍受始反对can’t stand，set about，object to
想要成功坚持忙 feel like，succeed in，stick to/insist on，be busy/occupied(in)..
习惯放弃有困难 be used/accustomed to，give up,have difficulty /trouble (in)...
导致专心防道歉lead to，be devoted to，prevent/stop/keep…from,apologize(to sb.) for...喜欢花费忍不住enjoy，spend(time/money)…can’t help
介词+doing:
be good/expert at doing sth 擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣
insist on doing sth.坚持做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事
be tired of doing sth.厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth.害怕做某事
put off doing sth.推迟做某事 stop sb.from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
give up doing sth.放弃做某事 without doing sth.没有做某事
think about doing sth.考虑做某事 What/How about doing 做某事怎么样?
look forward to doing sth(盼望) pay attention to doing sth.(注意)
be used to doing sth.(习惯于) prefer doing sth to doing sth (更喜欢)
devote oneself to doing sth(致力于) make a contribution to doing sth(做贡献)
注意:既可以接to do 也可以接doing 但区别很大的情况:
口诀:
一记remember二忘forget三遗憾regret 四试try
五图 mean 六停止stop，还有can’thelp 和go on
remember/ forget (to do) 要做 (doing)做过
stop, go on(to do)两件事(doing)一件事
try to do尽力做 try doing 尝试做
like/hate/love to do一次性 like/hate/love doing长期
Mean todo 打算做什么，企图做什么 mean doing 意味着
can't help to do不能帮忙做什么 can' thelp doing 情不自禁做什么
如:
They stop to smoke. 他们停下来吸烟。
I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。
Although maths is difficult，I will try to study it.(try to do sth尽力做某事)
The machine couldn’t work.Let’s try repairing it.(try doing sth.试着做某事)
三、不定式与动名词做主语:
(1)动名词做主语往往表示泛指的、一般的行为;不定式做主语常表示某次具体的行为或将来的动作。如:
·Climbing mountains is great fun·To visit China is my next goal
(2)不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。如
·It took me only five minutes to finish the job
(4) 动名词作主语有时用it作形式主语，把动名词置于句尾。常见于以下句型中:
It's use/ good /fun doing.….
It's useful/nice/ useless doing.….
四、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做表语
1表示一定的概念，具有名词的性质时，不定式和动名词可以互换。如:
My hobby is collecting/to collect ancient coins.
2若表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。如:
My wish is to find a part-time job this summer.
3现在分词和过去分词作表语具有形容词特征，也可以作为形容词。
但要注意二者的区别:现在分词表主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物过去分词含有被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情。如:
The party was very exciting.
They were very excited at the news.
五、不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词做定语
1不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词后，表示未发生的动作或将要发生的某一动作。如:·
The train to arrive is from London.
He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
2.名词做定语往往说明所修饰词的某种用途，一般放在被修饰词的前面。如:
a washing machine(动名词做定语，=a machine which is used for washing)洗衣机·
a reading room(动名词做定语，=a room which is used for reading)阅览室
3.现在分词作定语表示主动、正在进行的动作。过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成的意义。单个分词或形容词性的分词作定语往往放在被修饰词的前面;分词短语作定
语多置于被修饰词的后面。如:
the rising sun(现在分词做定语，=the sun which is rising)正在升起的太阳
the changing world(现在分词做定语，=the world which is changing)变化中的世界
a moving movie 感人的电影 excited voice激动的声音(形容词性分词作定语)
A broken cup一个破了的杯子(过去分词作定语则表示被动、或完成)
六、不定式、现在分词、过去分词做补足语
1接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀:
请求命令与禁止;想要邀请期待鼓励与建议;
答应告诫允许提醒和帮助;打算教导说服与强迫驱使。
ask/beg sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事 order/command sb to do sth.命令某人做某事
forbid sb.to do sth.禁止某人做某事 want sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事
invite sb.to do sth邀请某人做某事 expect sb to do sth. 期待某人做某
encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事advise sb to do sth.建议某人做某事
promise sb.to do sth 答应某人做某事warn sb to do sth告诫某人做某事
allow/permit sb.to do sth允许某人做某事remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事
help sb.(to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 mean/intend sb to do sth打算让某人做某事
teach/train sb to sth教/训练某人做某事 persuade sb. to do sth说服某人去做某事
force sb.to do sth.强迫某人做某事 drive sb to do sth.驱使某人做某事
2动和使役动词，如see，watch, hear,feel,notice,observe,look at,listen to，let，have，make，keep，get等后常跟不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，常表动作的整个过程。(被动语态中不能省去 to)。如:
We noticed him enter the house.
The boss made them work twelve hours a day省略to的情况:
①使役动词和感官动词后:一感二听三让四看
feel/hear,listen to/let，make，have/look at，see，watch,notice
had better(not) do sth.最好(不)做……
Why not/Why don't you do sth.为什么不做……? help sb.(to) do sth.
would rather do sth.宁愿做…… would you please do sth.
②情态动词/ 助动词+do
3.现在分词做补足语分两种情况:
(1)形容词性质的现在分词作补足语。如:
I find the book very interesting我发现这本书非常有趣。(宾语补足语)
The boy is found very annoying.发现这个小男孩很令人讨厌。(主语补足语)
(2)动词性质的现在分词作补足语:感官动词和使役动词，如see，watch，hear，feel, notice,observe,look at,listen to,let，have make，keep，get等后可以跟表示动作性质的现在分词作补足语，表示“正在或持续做某事”。如:
I see him passing by a bank 我看见他正经过一家银行。(宾语补足语)
He was seen working in the garden有人看见他正在花园里干活。(主语补足语)
(3)感官动词 see,watch,look at notice,hear listen to,feel+do表示动作的完整性;+doing表示动作的进行性。
4.过去分词(done)做宾语补足语，说明宾语的性质或状态，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，其前的宾语是它的逻辑主语。
(1)若是及物动词的过去分词，既表示被动，也可以表示动作已经完成(即先于谓语
动词)。
(2)若是不及物动词的过去分词，则只表示完成。
(3)句子由主动变被动时，宾语补足语相应的变为主语补足语。
The boss found his plan carried out successfully.
The boy was found lost in the forest.
Have you heard this song sung in Japanese?(宾补)
This song is often heard sung everywhere in China.(主补)

考点一：非谓语动词作状语
1．Many e-commerce platforms play a great role in promoting employment, ________services from stock support to interest-free loans
A．offering B．to offer C．offered D．having offered
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多电子商务平台在促进就业、提供从股票支持到无息贷款等服务方面发挥着重要作用。本句已有谓语动词play a great role in promoting…，而offer与谓语之间并无并列关系，因此offer为非谓语，且offer与主语之间为主动关系（许多商务平台提供服务），应使用offering在句中充当伴随状语。故选A。
2．Have you ever waited for your bus for a very long time, _____ by two or more buses arriving together?
A．only to greet B．only greeted C．only to be greeted D．only greeting
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：你是否曾经等了很长时间的车，结果却是两辆或更多的车同时来接你?。only to do sth表示出乎意料的结果，且主语you与greet在逻辑上是被动关系。故选C项。
3．________ (real) that they had lagged behind, Tom and Harry started to quicken their pace.（所给词的正确形式填空）
【答案】Having realized
【解析】考查非谓语的时态。句意：意识到他们已经落后了，汤姆和哈利开始加快他们的步伐。分析句子结构可知，前半句为非谓语作状语，主句主语与动词realize间存在主动关系，应使用现在分词形式；又分析句意可知，“意识”的动作先于加快步伐之前发生，所以应该使用非谓语动词的完成形式，故填having realized。
4．She wished that he was as easy ______ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume．（所给词的正确形式填空）
【答案】to please
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：她真希望他能像她母亲那样容易取悦，她母亲总是喜欢香水。“be+形容词+ to do”, 表示“做某事是……的”。此句式中常用主动形式表示被动含义。故填to please。

考点二：非谓语动词作宾语
1．The girl devoted all her spare time she had ______ others.
A．to help B．helped C．to helping D．help
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个女孩把她所有的业余时间都用于帮助别人。本句的主语是the girl ，谓语动词是devoted，宾语是all her spare time ,而she had是her spare time 的定语从句。根据语境是说女孩把所有的业余时间用于帮助别人，句中的“devote ...to...”为固定搭配，意为“把......献给......”，这里的to是介词，后面要跟动词ing或名词，故选C
2．The salesgirl pretended not to hear me and went on _______(闲谈) with a lady in blue．（根据汉语意思填空）
【答案】chatting
【解析】考查动名词。这个女售货员假装没有听到我，继续和一个穿蓝衣服的女士聊天。go on doing sth表示“继续做某事”，符合句意。故填chatting。
考点三：非谓语动词作定语
1．If the project______before the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be made fully responsible for the financial losses.
A．being completed B．completed C．to be completed D．completing
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果这个月底预计完工的大楼建设的工期被拖延的话，建筑公司将对经济损失负全部责任。分析句子可知，句子的谓语动词是is delayed，故complete用非谓语动词形式作定语，由时间状语by the end of this month可知，complete是将来的动作，且与先行词project是被动关系，故应该用不定式的被动式作定语。故选C。
2．Guizhou Province, _____ by Lonely Planet among the top 10 regions to visit in 2020, has become a promising travel destination.
A．ranked B．being ranked C．having ranked D．to be ranked
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：贵州省被《孤独星球》评为2020年十大旅游目的地之一，成为一个很有前途的旅游目的地。rank与Guizhou Province在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。 故选A项。
3．The silver moon was high overhead, and there was a gentle breeze down the valley.
A．playing B．to play C．played D．having played
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：银色的月亮高高挂在头上，风吹过山谷。分析句子结构可知，and后的句子是there was句型，谓语动词是was，play在句中做定语，修饰breeze，与逻辑主语breeze构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故选A。
考点四：非谓语动词作宾补
1. Eager readers can check with libraries ______________ if they have people interested in book discussion.
A．seeing B．see C．to see D．to have seen
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：热心的读者可以向图书馆查询，看看是否有人对图书讨论感兴趣。根据语境可知，此处是目的状语，且表示将来的动作，应使用不定式的一般式。故选C。
2．We hurriedly ended our meeting, leaving many problems ______.
A．to be settled B．to settle C．settled D．having settled
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题等待解决。根据句意可知，这些问题是等待解决的，故用不定式作宾语补足语，不定式表示未发生的动作；problems与settle之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。故选A。
3．With a large amount of work _________for this fierce speech contest, the students have been staying up these days to make full preparations for it.
A．remaining to be finished B．remained finished
C．remained being done D．remaining to finish
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于这场激烈的演讲比赛还有大量的工作要完成，学生们这些天一直在熬夜为比赛做充分的准备。with sth remaining to be done“有事等待被做”；a large amount of work与remain构成主动关系，remain为不及物动词。

考点五：非谓语动词作主语和表语
1. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling
C. Having traveled D. Traveled
【答案】B
【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。
2. _____________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A．Known B．Having known
C．Knowing D．Being known
【答案】C
【解析】考查动名词。句意：了解基本的急救知识可以帮助您快速应对紧急情况。分析句子成分，谓语是will help，所以前面的是主语，用动名词做主语，故选C项。

1（2022新高考I卷）__________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
答案：Covering
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语，cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系，应用现在分词的形式作状语，首字母大写。故填Covering。
2（2022新高考I卷）The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority ___________ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
答案：to increase
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构，以提高效率，减少管理上的不一致性。设空处在句中作非谓语，做目的状语，应用动词的不定式的形式。故填to increase。
3（2022新高考II卷）When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1. 2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall) child.
答案：to falling
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1. 2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词，设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
4（2022新高考II卷）He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and climbed up ________ (see) them.
答案：to see
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climb up为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用to do不定式作目的状语。故填to see。
5（2022全国甲卷）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a first step ___________ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
答案：to journey
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：近日，一名来自北京的盲人徒步40天来到西安，作为“一带一路”徒步旅行的第一步。分析句子结合句意可知，journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词，应用不定式，作后置定语。故填to journey。
6（2022全国甲卷）Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation ___________ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.
答案：held
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛的启发，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，以向古代丝绸之路致敬。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式，hold与cooperation之间为逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语，表被动。故填held。
7（2022全国甲卷）He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, __________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
答案：planning
解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：9月20日，他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什，计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知，已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填planning。
8（2022全国乙卷）__________ (strengthen)the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, __________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
答案：to strengthen; inviting
解析：考查非谓语动词。第一空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了加强与年轻人的联系”，需要用不定式作目的状语。故填To strengthen。第二空：句意：为了加强与年轻人的联系，活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动，邀请了来自世界各地的29名茶叶专业人士进行36小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词，逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。

基础过关检测
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．At the well-known research center, they have a number of laboratories with each room______ (equip) with computers.
【答案】equipped
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在著名的研究中心，他们有许多实验室，每个房间都配备了电脑。分析句子结构可知，此处是with复合结构，room与equip是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，表被动。故填equipped。
2．Can you show me any word ______ (begin) with the letter “L”?
【答案】beginning
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你能给我看一个以“L”开头的单词吗? 分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，在句中作定语，修饰前面的名词word；所填词与该名词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。故填beginning。
3．Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ______ (design) to help them succeed academically.
【答案】designed
【解析】考查非谓语动。句意：大多数大学现在都为一年级学生开设一门专门为帮助他们在学业上取得成功而设计的课程。 分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词，在句中作定语，修饰前面的名词course；所填词与该名词之间是被动的关系，所以用过去分词作定语。故填designed。
4．The thief had himself __________ (spot) by the police when he was trying to break into the hotel.
【答案】spotted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：小偷企图闯入旅馆时被警察发现了。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词spot“发现”和himself之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作宾补。故填spotted。
5．Do you know the girl ___________ (dress) in a red sweater?
【答案】dressed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你认识那个穿红色毛衣的女孩吗？此处为非谓语，dress作动词时，意为“（给……）穿衣服”，和名词girl之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填dressed。
6．Where do you intend ________（go) this winter?
【答案】to go
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：今年冬天你打算去哪里？intend to do sth.“打算做某事”是习惯用法，不定式作宾语。故填to go。
7．The old teacher was _________ (钦佩) for his devotion to his education cause.
【答案】admired
【解析】考查非谓语。句意：那位老教师因为献身于他的教育事业而被钦佩。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查“钦佩”对应的动词的过去分词形式做表语，表示被动的意思。故填admired。
8．Before ________ (sign) up for online classes, take a few minutes to interview the school of your choice.
【答案】signing
【解析】考查动名词。句意：在报名参加网上课程之前，花几分钟时间私下里咨询一下你选择的学校。分析可知本句中Before 是介词，因此空格处填动名词作宾语。故填signing。
9．I can smell something_____ (burn) in the kitchen.
【答案】burnt
【解析】考查过去分词。句意：我能闻见厨房里某种东西被烧着了。空格处是宾补，由于它与宾语something是被动关系，因此要用过去分词。故填burnt。
10．We can hear the children_____ (laugh) in the room at present.
【答案】laughing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们目前能听见孩子们在房间里笑。空格处是宾补，the children与laugh在逻辑上是主动关系，因此要用现在分词。故填laughing。
11．That little boy is meant ________(be) a doctor in the future.
【答案】to be
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个小男孩将来注定要当医生。be meant to do是固定短语，习惯用法，意为“由命运、能力、天资等所“注定”或者由父母决定”。故填to be。
12．The fashion world just keeps _____(recycle) old ideas.
【答案】recycling
【解析】考查动名词。句意：时装界就是不停地翻新旧观念。空格处是宾语，根据keep doing(保持做某事）可知空格处填recycling。
13．To become an astronaut in China,you have to have 1,350 hours of_____ (fly) experience.
【答案】flying
【解析】考查动名词。句意：在中国，你要想成为宇航员，就要有1,350 hours的飞行经历。空格处是定语，修饰名词experience要用动名词。故填flying。
14．He is used to_____(take) cold baths in winter.
【答案】taking
【解析】考查动名词。句意：他习惯于在冬天冲冷水澡。根据be used to(习惯于）可知to是介词，因此空格处要填动名词。故填taking。
15．She apologised to me and admitted_____ (take) my umbrella by mistake.
【答案】taking##having taken
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她向我道歉，承认误拿了我的雨伞。根据admit doing(承认做过某事）可知，空格处可以填taking；由于take的动作发生在主句apologised之前，因此还可以用having done。故填taking/having taken。
16．The famous expert adapted his speech________ (suit) the interests of his audience.
【答案】to suit
【解析】考查动词的固定用法。句意：那位著名的专家调整了他的演讲以适应听众的兴趣。adapt...to...为固定搭配，意为“适应”。故填to suit。
17．China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries________ (recognise) its role in international affairs. 【答案】recognising
【解析】考查with的复合结构。句意：随着更多的国家认可中国在国际事务中的作用，中国的形象正在稳步提高。此处是“with+宾语+宾补”，空格处是宾补，由于recognise与宾语countries是主动关系，因此要用现在分词。故填recognising。
18．People use plastic in their daily life, __________ (leave) large amounts of waste.
【答案】leaving
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们在日常生活中使用塑料，结果产生大量的垃圾。空格处是状语，由于leave与主语People是主动关系，因此要用现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填leaving。
19．__________（work） hard at your lessons, you are to succeed.
【答案】Working
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：努力学习功课，你会成功的。分析句子结构可知，此处要填非谓语动词；所填词work与句子主语you之间是主动的关系，所以此处用现在分词在句中作状语；注意，此处位于句首，单词首字母要大写。故填Working。
20．Mother has the little girl__________（play） the piano this afternoon．
【答案】play
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：妈妈让小女孩今天下午弹钢琴。根据句意可知本句强调做了某事。表达：让某人做了某事，英语用have sb. do sth。因此空格处缺少宾补。故填play。
21．They see a man__________ (come), __________(hold) a bird cage.
【答案】     coming     holding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们看见一个人走过来，手里提着一个鸟笼。空格1处是宾补，由于come与宾语a man是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词作宾语补足语；空格2处是状语，表伴随，由于hold与man是逻辑主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填①coming；②holding。
22．Isn’t it time that you get down to _______(do) your homework?
【答案】doing
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：你是不是该认真写论文了? 固定搭配get down to意为“开始认真做”。to为介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填doing。
23．Can you imagine her________(cook) the dinner？
【答案】cooking
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你能想象她做饭的样子吗？imagine doing sth是固定用法，习惯表达，故用cook的动名词作宾语，her为动名词的逻辑主语。her+doing也可以理解为动名词的复合结构。故填cooking。
24． Always remember to get every bit of criticism ________ (sandwich) between two thick layers of praise.
【答案】sandwiched
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：永远记住，把所有的批评都夹在两层厚厚的赞美之间。动词sandwich“把……夹在……之间”和名词短语every bit of criticism之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作宾语补足语。此处为get sth done句式。故填sandwiched。
25．Not ________ (understand) the local language and having no friend in the country, he found it impossible to find a job.
【答案】understanding
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于不懂当地的语言，在这个国家又没有朋友，他发现要找到一份工作是不可能的。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词understand和主语之间是主动关系，故用其现在分词和后文现在分词having并列，由Not等词语构成短语作状语，表原因。故填understanding。
25． ________ (set) our life goals will guide us to a bright future, without which we may waste our lifetime.
【答案】Setting
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：设定我们的人生目标将引导我们走向一个光明的未来，没有它我们可能会虚度人生。分析句子可知，此处为句子主语，表示一般性的行为，应用set的动名词作主语。句首字母大写，故填Setting。
27．The latest research ________ (undertake) shows that micro blog is the most popular social networking tool among Chinese netizens.
【答案】undertaken
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：最新做的调查显示，微博是中国网民最流行的社交网络工具。分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词undertake和所修饰的名词research之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。故填undertaken。
28．Don’t let the sadness of your past and the fear of your future ________( ruin) the happiness of your present. 【答案】ruin
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：不要让过去的悲伤和对未来的恐惧毁掉你现在的幸福。let sb/sth do sth是习惯用法，用不带to不定式作宾语补足语。故填ruin。
29．Do you have any difficulty________(express) yourself in English?
【答案】expressing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：你用英语表达自己有困难吗？固定短语have any difficulty (in) doing sth (做某事有困难)，省略in时，为现在分词作伴随状语。故填expressing。
30．The house________(build)there now will be a shop.
【答案】being built
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在那边正在被建的房子将是一个商店。空格处是后置定语，根据now可知是正在进行的动作，由于build与所修饰的词是被动关系，因此用现在分词的被动式。故填being built。
31．He spent some time________（squeeze）the wet coat dry.
【答案】squeezing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他花了一些时间将湿外套拧干。根据spend ......(in) doing sth (花费时间做某事）可知空格处是宾语，要用动名词。故填squeezing。
32．I will attempt_________（answer）all your questions.
【答案】to answer
【解析】考查动词短语。句意：我将尝试回答你所有的问题。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语“attempt to do”表示“尝试做某事”的意思，动词不定式是“attempt”的宾语。故填to answer。
33．With everything ________(arrange)for his family, he went to the front to prepare for setting up a man-made satellite.
【答案】arranged
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为家人安排好一切，他去前线为建立人造卫星而做准备。空格处是With复合结构中的宾补，由于arrange与宾语everything是被动关系，因此要用过去分词。故填arranged。
34．The district launched a campaign to find ways________(deal)with construction dust.
【答案】to deal
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：该地区发起了一场寻找处理建筑灰尘方法的运动。way“方式，方法”后常用不定式作后置定语，ways to do sth.意为“做某事的方法”。故填to deal。
35． Dead trees came crashing down without warning—one nearly got us, which made us________（jump）.
【答案】jump
【解析】考查非谓语。句意：死去的树木没有任何预警的倒下来，有一棵几乎砸到我们，让我们吓的跳了起来。根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查省略to的动词不定式做make的宾补成分，jump是被修饰词us主动发出的动作，make sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”的意思。故填jump。
36．When do you expect________（leave）?
【答案】to leave
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：你想什么时候离开？根据句子结构和意思可知，这里考查动词短语固定搭配expect to do，表示“期待做某事，想要做某事”的意思。故填to leave。
37．________(see) a large cake flying through the air, the driver pulled up quickly.
【答案】Seeing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：看到一个大蛋糕划过天空飞过去，司机立马停车。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词pulled up，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，动词“see”是主语“ the driver”主动发出的动作，而且和谓语“pulled up”是几乎同时发生的动作，需填现在分词形式。故填Seeing。
38．________（bite）by the old man's dog, he is afraid to approach his house.
【答案】Bitten
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被老人的狗咬了以后，他害怕接近他家的房子。空格处是状语，由于bite与主语 he是被动关系，因此要用过去分词，且在句首，故填Bitten。
39．Time, ________(use)correctly, is money in the bank.
【答案】used
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被恰当使用，时间就是银行里的金钱。空格处是状语，由于use与主语Time是被动关系，因此要用过去分词。故填used。
40．________(see)from the top of the hill, the school looks like a big garden.
【答案】Seen
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：从山顶上看，这所学校看起来像个大花园。空格处是状语，由于see与逻辑主语the school是被动关系，因此要用过去分词。故填Seen。
高考必考题型练习
一、阅读理解(共0分
A
（湖南省长沙市第一中学2021-2022学年高一上学期入学考试）Angel Sanguino, an electronics technician from Caracas, Venezuela, who last year lost his left arm in a motorcycle accident, has recently won a prize for science, technology and innovation, after he managed to build a robotic arm that would allow him to perform a series of useful tasks.
33-year-old Angel Sanguino was riding his motorcycle when he was hit by a speeding car. He was taken to the emergency room, and the doctor had to amputate(截肢)his left arm. It was a devastating blow to the talented electronics technician. The doctor told him that he should accept his disability and move on with his life, but he had other plans. Three months after his accident, the young man used his experience to design an artificial arm that would allow him to repair electronic components just like before.
With the help of his uncle, Brunel Rodriguez, Angel managed to create an ingenious robotic arm fitted with a series of switches and sensors that allowed him to control it with the motion of his collarbone(锁骨). Angel used his knowledge of electronics to make sure that the artificial arm would allow him to do his job without any kind of assistance from anybody else. He paid little attention to aesthetics(美学), focusing solely on functionality, but he has already had a new prosthesis(假体)that is apparently much more visually appealing.
1．Angel Sanguino was given a prize because________.
A．he had a robotic arm
B．he lost one of his arms in an accident
C．he was very clever and brave
D．he made a man-made arm that could allow him to do things by himself
2．What do you think the Chinese meaning of the underlined word in the second paragraph is?
A．攻击 B．打击性的 C．令人惊讶的事 D．新闻
3．Angel Sanguino controls his artificial arm by moving________.
A．his neck B．his head C．his collarbone D．the other hand
4．From the passage we can infer(推知)that________.
A．Angel’s new arm may not look nice
B．Angel could do everything with his new arm
C．Angel was speeding his car when the accident happened
D．Angel was in hospital for 3 months
5．What is the best title for this passage?
A．A Brave Venezuelan Man
B．A Great Venezuelan Inventor
C．A Talented Electronics Technician
D．Venezuelan Man Builds His Own Prosthetic Arm
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了委内瑞拉男子自制假肢的故事。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Angel Sanguino, an electronics technician from Caracas, Venezuela, who last year lost his left arm in a motorcycle accident, has recently won a prize for science, technology and innovation, after he managed to build a robotic arm that would allow him to perform a series of useful tasks.”（来自委内瑞拉加拉加斯的电子技术人员安吉尔•桑吉诺去年在一次摩托车事故中失去了左臂，他最近获得了科学、技术和创新奖，因为他成功地制造了一个机械臂，使他能够执行一系列有用的任务。）可知，安吉尔·桑吉诺之所以获奖，是因为他制作了一只可以让他自己做事情的人造手臂。故选D项。
2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“33-year-old Angel Sanguino was riding his motorcycle when he was hit by a speeding car. He was taken to the emergency room, and the doctor had to amputate(截肢)his left arm.”（33岁的安吉尔•桑吉诺在骑摩托车时被一辆超速行驶的汽车撞倒。他被送到急诊室，医生不得不截掉他的左臂）可知，这对这位才华横溢的电子技术人员是一个毁灭性的打击。所以划线词的意思是“打击性的”。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“With the help of his uncle, Brunel Rodriguez, Angel managed to create an ingenious robotic arm fitted with a series of switches and sensors that allowed him to control it with the motion of his collarbone(锁骨)”（在他的叔叔布鲁内尔·罗德里格斯的帮助下，安吉尔成功地制造出了一个装有一系列开关和传感器的巧妙机械手臂，使他能够通过锁骨的运动来控制它。）可知，安吉尔·桑吉诺通过移动锁骨来控制他的假肢。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“He paid little attention to aesthetics(美学), focusing solely on functionality, but he has already had a new prosthesis(假体)that is apparently much more visually appealing.”（他很少关注美学，只专注于功能，但他已经有了一个新的假肢，显然在视觉上更有吸引力）可知，安吉尔的新手臂可能看起来不太好看。故选A项。
5．主旨大意题。通读全文并结合第一段“Angel Sanguino, an electronics technician from Caracas, Venezuela, who last year lost his left arm in a motorcycle accident, has recently won a prize for science, technology and innovation, after he managed to build a robotic arm that would allow him to perform a series of useful tasks.”（来自委内瑞拉加拉加斯的电子技术人员安吉尔•桑吉诺去年在一次摩托车事故中失去了左臂，他最近获得了科学、技术和创新奖，因为他成功地制造了一个机械臂，使他能够执行一系列有用的任务。）可知，文章讲述了委内瑞拉安吉尔•桑吉诺自制假肢的故事，因此   “Venezuelan Man Builds His Own Prosthetic Arm(委内瑞拉男子自制假肢)”是最佳标题。故选D项。
B
（安徽六校教育研究会2022-2023学年高一上学期入学考试）Climate change is a global challenge. One way to fight it is by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. New research shows that trees planted in China have helped in this fight.
A recent study in the journal Nature shows that the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed (吸收) by new forests in two parts of China is more than we thought. These areas are in the northeastern Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces and the southwestern Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. They make up about 35 percent of China’s land-based (基于陆地的) carbon sinks (碳汇). A carbon sink is a natural area like a forest or ocean that absorbs more-carbon dioxide than it emits (排放). Carbon sinks help to reduce the amount of CO2 in the atmosphere.
China’s goal is to peak (达到峰值) its CO2 emissions (排放) before 2030 and reach carbon neutrality (中和) by 2060, Xinhua reported. Carbon neutrality refers to removing as much CO2 as one puts into the air.
According to study co-author Yi Liu at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, “the afforestation activities described in our Nature paper will play a role in reaching that goal.”
6．A recent study in Nature shows that ________.
A．China has serious air pollution B．China has planted the most trees in the world
C．China has fewer CO2 emissions now D．China has planted fewer trees
7．According to Xinhua, China ________.
A．is the world’s largest emitter of CO2 B．will bring CO2 emissions down after 2030
C．will not release CO2 in the future D．will reach carbon neutrality by 2030
8．Which of the following is NOT TRUE in the passage?
A．One way to fight climate is by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air.
B．Trees planted in China have helped fight against climate change.
C．New forests in two parts of China absorbed more carbon dioxide than we thought.
D．35 percent of China’s land has been affected by CO2 emission.
9．What do we know from the story?
A．It takes a long time for carbon sinks to form. B．Climate change is no longer a serious problem.
C．More trees will be planted in China in the future. D．China has beaten climate change.
【答案】6．C 7．B 8．D 9．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。气候变化是一项全球性挑战。对抗它的一种方法是减少空气中二氧化碳的含量。新的研究表明，中国种植的树木帮助了这场斗争。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A recent study in the journal Nature shows that the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed (吸收) by new forests in two parts of China is more than we thought.(《自然》杂志最近的一项研究表明，中国两个地区的新森林吸收的二氧化碳量比我们想象的要多)”可知，《自然》杂志最近的一项研究表明，中国现在的二氧化碳排放量减少了。故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“China’s goal is to peak (达到峰值) its CO2 emissions (排放) before 2030 and reach carbon neutrality (中和) by 2060, Xinhua reported.(据新华社报道，中国的目标是在2030年之前达到二氧化碳排放峰值，并在2060年达到碳中和)”可知，中国将在2030年后降低二氧化碳排放量，故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据第二段“A recent study in the journal Nature shows that the amount of carbon dioxide absorbed (吸收) by new forests in two parts of China is more than we thought. These areas are in the northeastern Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces and the southwestern Yunnan and Guizhou provinces and Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region. They make up about 35 percent of China’s land-based (基于陆地的) carbon sinks (碳汇).(《自然》杂志最近的一项研究表明，中国两个地区的新森林吸收的二氧化碳量比我们想象的要多。这些地区位于黑龙江省和吉林省的东北部，以及云南省、贵州省和广西壮族自治区的西南部。它们约占中国陆地碳汇的35%)”可知是说这两个地区森林吸收的二氧化碳量约占中国陆地碳汇的35%，而不是中国35%的土地受到了二氧化碳排放的影响。故D选项“中国35%的土地受到二氧化碳排放的影响”陈述错误，故选D。
9．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段“Climate change is a global challenge. One way to fight it is by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. New research shows that trees planted in China have helped in this fight.(气候变化是一项全球性挑战。对抗它的一种方法是减少空气中二氧化碳的含量。新的研究表明，中国种植的树木帮助了这场斗争)”可推知，植树造林有利于实现减少碳排放的目标，所以未来会种植更多的树木，故选C。
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（广东省深圳市福田外国语高级中学2022-2023学年高一上学期入学考试）Last summer, my friend decided to volunteer as an English teacher in a primary school. I didn’t want to go at first 1 he kept talking me into joining it. Finally, I agreed.
Unexpectedly, the moment I 2 (step) into the old classroom, I was touched by the loud, respectful voices. “Good morning, teacher!” Instead of fooling around, the children were thirsty for knowledge. This made 3 (I) regret that I hadn’t prepared for the class. During the break, I talked with a sweaty boy in the front row. Without air-conditioning, the boy didn’t feel uncomfortable at all, because he thought his 4 (father) job, building roads in the sun, was really 5 (tire).
As time went by, I prepared my lesson carefully and organized many activities to give the kids fun. 6 (strange), the heat was also becoming less unbearable. Soon, my one-month volunteer came to 7 end. When I was leaving, I turned back and saw smiling faces and waving hands. I had never had such a feeling of sadness before, which was mixed with a sense of enrichment and happiness. I was fully paid 8 my work, not in terms of money, but something more valuable.
I hear that my university plans 9 (run) another voluntary teaching programme this summer. This time I won’t 10 (force). I will volunteer.
【答案】1．but 2．stepped 3．me 4．father’s 5．tiring 6．Strangely 7．an 8．for 9．to run 10．be forced
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去年夏天，在一所小学担任英语老师的志愿者的故事。
1．考查连词。句意：一开始我不想去，但他一直劝我加入。根据Finally, I agreed可知，作者最后加入了，所以前两个分句之间是转折关系，故填but。
2．考查时态。句意：没想到，一踏进老教室，就被那响亮、恭敬的声音打动了。根据本文后一句的was和本文的整体时态可知，应用一般过去时，故填stepped。
3．考查代词。句意：这让我后悔没有为这门课做好准备。根据前文的made可知，此处缺少宾语，且根据提示I，故填me。
4．考查名词。句意：没有空调，男孩一点都不觉得难受，因为他觉得父亲的工作，在阳光下修路，真的很累。根据名词job可知，其前面缺少定语，应用名词的所有格，再根据提示，故填father’s。
5．考查非谓语动词。句意：没有空调，男孩一点都不觉得难受，因为他觉得父亲的工作，在阳光下修路，真的很累。根据was可知，此处应填入表语，再根据主语building roads，可知此处应用ing形式的形容词，故填tiring。
6．考查副词。句意：奇怪的是，热也变得不那么难以忍受了。根据横线位置可知，此处应填入副词作状语修饰整个句子，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Strangely。
7．考查冠词。句意：很快，我为期一个月的义工就结束了。短语come to an end表示“结束”，故填an。
8．考查介词。句意：我的工作得到了全额报酬，不是钱，而是更有价值的东西。pay for意为“支付”为常见的搭配，故填for。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：我听说我的大学计划在今年夏天举办另一个志愿教学计划。plan to do sth.表示“计划做某事”，故填to。
10．考查语态。句意：这一次，我不会被强迫。分析句子可知，主语I与动词force之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态。且位于will之后，be动词用原形，故填be forced.