必修第一册 Unit 5-2024年高考英语一轮复习重难词汇练习（人教版2019）
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Unit 5
一．单词背诵版
billion / ˈbɪljən / n 十亿
native / ˈneɪtɪv /
adj 出生地的；本地的；土著的
n本地人
native language 母语，本族语
mother tongue 母语
be native to...原产于
attitude / ˈætɪtju:d ; NAmE 'ætitu:d/ n
态度；看法
attitude towards/to... : 对...的态度
have/take an attitude to/towards 对……持某种态度
a positive /negative /firm attitude 积极/消极/坚定的态度
altitude n 海拔高度；高处
longitude 经度
reference / ˈrefrəns / n
指称关系；参考
refer/rɪˈfɜ:(r) /
vi 提到；参考；查阅
vt 查询；叫……求助于
(referred,referred; referring)
refer to...: 指的是; 描述; 提到; 查阅
refer... to... 把……交给……(以求获得帮助)
refer to...as...: 将……称为 ……
a reference book 参考书；工具书
system / ˈsɪstəm / n
体系；制度；系统
immune system 免疫系统
solar system 太阳系
systematic adj 有系统的；有计划的；有条理的
civilisation [NAmE-ization]
/ˌsɪvəlaɪˈzeɪʃn /
n 文明；文明世界
despite / dɪˈspaɪt / prep 即使；尽管
in spite of =regardless of不顾；不管
ups and downs 浮沉；兴衰；荣辱
happiness and sorrows 幸福和悲伤
factor / ˈfæktə(r)/ n 因素；要素
fact 事实
base /beɪs/
vt 以为据点；以为基础
n 底部；根据 ；基础
basic adj. 基础的；基本的；根本的 →basically adj. 基本上; 总的说来
be based on/upon: 以...为基础/根据
【联想词】base vt. 以……为据点/基础; 把（总部等）设在（常用于被动语态）
n. 底部；根据；基础
base .. on / upon... 以……为基础；以……为根据（被动形式be based on / upon...)
based /beist/ 以（某事）为基础的；
以……为重要部分（或特征）的
date back to 追溯到
= date from...
注意：该结构不用于进行时，也不用于被动语
态中，但可以用现在分词形式作定语。谈论现存的某物或建筑时，虽然其可能出现或建造于过去某一时期，但仍用一般现在时。
bone / bəʊn / n 骨头；骨（质 ）
bony adj 骨瘦如柴的
shell /ʃel / n壳；壳状物
symbol / ˈsɪmbl / n 符号；象征
symbolize v代表
symbolize,represent,stand for,indicate,emblem,symbol
carve / kɑ:v / vt & vi 雕刻
dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti; ' dai-/ 王朝；朝代
variety /vəˈraɪətɪ/ n
(植物、语言等的）变体；异体;多样化
various [ˈveərɪəs]： adj. 不同的; 各种各样的
→vary [ˈveəri] v. 改变,变化
a variety of =varieties of 各种各样的（后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，谓语动词的数根据其所修饰的名词判定）
for various reason 由于种种原因
vary from…to… 从…到…不等
major / ˈmeɪdʒə(r) /
adj主要的；重要的；大的
n主修课程；主修学生
vi主修；专门研究
minority n少数
no matter where, who, what, etc
不论……；不管……
“no matter＋疑问词”结构与“疑问词＋-ever” 在用法上的异同：
①“no matter＋疑问词”结构只能引导让步状语从句，这时可以和“疑问词＋-ever”互换。
②“疑问词＋-ever”可引导让步状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。
③ whenever，wherever，however等只能引导让步状语从句，不能引导名词性从句。
dialect /'daɪəlekt/ n 地方话；方言
means /mi:nz/ n方式；方法；途径
by means of: 通过……；借助……
by this means: 通过这种方式;用这种方法
by no means: 决不 ；无论如何都不(放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装)
【用法拓展】
(1)means作主语且有every，each等表示单数意义的词对其进行修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
(2)means作主语且有all，several，many，few等表示复数意义的词对其进行修饰时，谓语动词用复数。
classic / ˈklæsɪk /
adj传统的；最优秀的；典型的
n 经典作品；名著
first class 一流的
working class 工人阶级
regard / rɪˈgɑ:d /
n 尊重；关注
vt 把 视为；看待
regard...as...: 认为...是...= consider...as... = have/ treat/take ...as...
be regarded as... 被认为是……
character /'kærəktə(r)/ n
文字；符号；角色；品质；特点
calligraphy / kəˈlɪɡrəfi / n
书法；书法艺术
global /'gləʊbəl/ adj
全球的；全世界的
globe n 球体；地球仪；地球
global warming 全球变暖
affair / əˈfeə(r) / n
公共事务[复数]；事件；关系
appreciate /ə'pri:ʃieɪt /
vt 欣赏；重视；感激；领会
vi 增值
appreciate doing...: 喜欢/感激做...
I would appreciate it if you could do sth. 如果你能做某事，我将不胜感激。
express one’s appreciation to sb. for sth. 因某事表达对某人的感激之情
appreciate后接动名词而不可用不定式作宾语，且不能以“人”作宾语。
specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj
特定的；明确的；具体的
special adj 特殊的，特别的
specialist n 专家；专业工作者
specialize vi 专攻；专门从事；专注于
specialize in = major in 主修
struggle / ˈstrʌgl /
n 斗争；奋斗；努力；难事
vi 斗争；奋斗；搏斗；努力
struggle for...: 为...而努力/拼搏/奋斗
struggle against/with 与……作斗争
struggle to do...: 努力做...
struggle to one’s feet 挣扎着站起来
tongue / tʌŋ / n 舌头；语言
mother tongue = native language 母语
tongue twister 绕口令
accent 口音
point of view观点；看法
from one’s point of view: 依某人的观点/看法
in one’s view: 依某人的观点/看法 = in one’s opinion
semester / sɪˈmestə(r) / n学期
term 学期
gas /ɡæs/ n 汽油；气体；燃气
petrol /'petrəl/ n (NAmE gas ) 汽油
subway 'sʌbweɪ/n(BrEunderground )
地铁
apartment /ə'pɑ:tmənt/ n
（especially NAmE）公寓套房（=flat）
pants / pænts / n [pl] (BrE ）
beg /beg/ vt 恳求；祈求；哀求
beggar: n. 叫花子; 乞丐
beg to do...: 恳求/祈求去做某事
beg sb. to do...: 恳求某人做某事
beg (sb) for sth: 恳求某人某物
equal /'i:kwəl /
n 同等的人；相等物
adj 相同的；同样的
vt 等于; 和……相等；比得上
equality n 平等
Every man is created equal 人生来平等。
gap /gæp/ n间隔；开口；差距
a gap year: 间隔年(常指中学毕业后上大学前所休的一年假期, 用于实习或旅游)
generation gap 代沟
bridge the gap 缩小差距
demand/ dɪˈmɑ:nd /
n要求；需求
vt 强烈要求；需要
vi查问
in great demand 急需;非常需要
meet/satisfy one’s demands: 满足需要
demand(of sb. ) to do...: 要求(某人)做某事
demand(...) + that 句子(should 结构): 要求……做某事(从句用虚拟语气)
vocabulary
/ və'kæbjʊlərɪ ; NAmE –leri / n 词汇
description /dɪˈskrɪpʃn/ n
描写（文字）；形容
describe vt描述
subscribe vi 同意；捐赠；订阅vt (签署)文件；捐助
relate / rɪˈleɪt / vt 联系；讲述
relate to...: 与…相关; 涉及; 谈到
relate A to B 把A和B联系在一起
be related to 和……有关；和……有联系
二．重点单词短语默写篇
一、重点单词变形
1．reference n．指称关系；参考→ vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于
2．based adj.以(某事)为基础的→ vt.以……为基础 n．底部；根据→
n．基础→ adj.基础的
3．variety n．异体；多样化→ v．变化；不同→ adj.各种各样的
4．major adj.主要的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修→ n．大多数
5．global adj.全球的；全世界的→ n．地球；地球仪
6．appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；领会→ n．感激；欣赏→ adj.感激的
7．beg vt.恳求；祈求→ n．乞丐
8．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→ adv.平等地→
n．平等
9．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要→ adj.要求高的
10．description n．描写(文字)；形容→ vt.描述
11．relate vt.联系；讲述→ adj.相关的→ n．关系→ n．关系
二、重点词组写一写
1.原产于某地_________________
2.指的是；描述；提到；查阅 _________________
3.尽管…_________________
4.以…为基础；_________________
5.追溯到 _________________
6.多种多样的；各种各样的_________________
7.主修…学科_________________
8.用...办法；借助... _________________
9.绝不，无论如何都不_________________
10.将…认为；把…视为_________________
三．重点单词短语练习篇
一、单句语法填空
1. (2021·天津卷)After __________ (struggle) for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—leaving my job and studying my design course full time.
2. (2021·天津卷)Everything that happens next during the procedure must be __________ (relate) to this story.
3. (2021·全国甲卷)According to the World Wildlife Fund, the __________ (globe) black rhino population has dropped as low as 5 500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
4. Most people agree that there is a causeeffect __________ between obesity and unhealthy eating.In other words, your health is __________ to what you eat.(relate)
5. One of the major problems is that a __________ (major) of the graduates who major in English find it difficult to find a good job.
6. All men are born equal, so everyone hopes to be treated __________ because __________ is the basic demand.(equal)
7. It was a challenging and __________ (demand) job, but anyhow we managed to handle it with joint efforts. Learning English well is one of the __________ (demand) of modern society and will do good to our future career.
8. There are __________ (vary) books in the bookstore for us to choose from, like history books, science books, __________ (refer) books and so on.
9. As a matter of fact, wisdom and efforts are __________ (equal) important for success.
10. The position calls for __________ (relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers.
11. Representing our school, I'm writing to convey our __________ (appreciate) to you for the lecture concerning body language you gave us last week.
12. They have to have a __________ (base) understanding of computers in order to use the technology.
13.The harder you work, the __________ (great) progress you will make.
14. The church __________ (date) back to the 9th century is a symbol of traditional culture.
15. The president demanded that the environment problems referred to __________ (pay) attention to.
16. The survivor of the disaster was walking in the street, __________ (beg) for help.
17. It was a time __________ women were looked down upon and had no right to receive education.
18. The girl __________ (refer) to at the meeting was studying in a famous university, __________ (major) in engineering.
二、短语填空
ups and downs date back to play an important role in be based on point of view |
1. Despite the ___________________ in his life, Mr Brown never stops learning new things.
2. From my ___________________, it is of great importance to pay attention to the feelings of ourselves.
3. As China ___________________ global affairs, it is of great importance for us to have a good knowledge of Chinese.
4. According to the expert, the temple has a history ___________________ the early Tang Dynasty.
5. As we all know, our success ___________________ cooperating with others.
三、熟词生义
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. _____________
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)“This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work.” he told me. _____________
③(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants. _____________
答案
核心单词变形
1．reference n．指称关系；参考→refer vi.提到；参考；查阅 vt.查询；叫……求助于
2．based adj.以(某事)为基础的→base vt.以……为基础 n．底部；根据→basis n．基础→basic adj.基础的
3．variety n．异体；多样化→vary v．变化；不同→various adj.各种各样的
4．major adj.主要的 n．主修课程；主修学生 vi.主修→majority n．大多数
5．global adj.全球的；全世界的→globe n．地球；地球仪
6．appreciate vt.欣赏；感激；领会→appreciation n．感激；欣赏→appreciative adj.感激的
7．beg vt.恳求；祈求→beggar n．乞丐
8．equal n．同等的人；相等物 adj.相同的；同样的→equally adv.平等地→equality n．平等
9．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要→demanding adj.要求高的
10．description n．描写(文字)；形容→describe vt.描述
11．relate vt.联系；讲述→related adj.相关的→relation n．关系→relationship n．关系
核心词组
be native to...
refer to
despite the fact that…
be based on/upon
date back to ... （= date from…）
a variety of = varieties of = various
major in
by means of...
by no means
regard … as …
1.(2021·天津卷)After struggling (struggle) for quite a while, I made a difficult decision—leaving my job and studying my design course full time.
2. (2021·天津卷)Everything that happens next during the procedure must be related (relate) to this story.
3. (2021·全国甲卷)According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global (globe) black rhino population has dropped as low as 5 500, giving the rhinos a “critically endangered” status.
4. Most people agree that there is a causeeffect relation between obesity and unhealthy eating.In other words, your health is related to what you eat.(relate)
5. One of the major problems is that a majority (major) of the graduates who major in English find it difficult to find a good job.
6. All men are born equal, so everyone hopes to be treated equally because equality is the basic demand.(equal)
7. ①It was a challenging and demanding (demand) job, but anyhow we managed to handle it with joint efforts. Learning English well is one of the demands (demand) of modern society and will do good to our future career.
8. There are various_ (vary) books in the bookstore for us to choose from, like history books, science books, reference (refer) books and so on.
9. As a matter of fact, wisdom and efforts are equally (equal) important for success.
10. The position calls for related (relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers.
11. Representing our school, I'm writing to convey our appreciation (appreciate) to you for the lecture concerning body language you gave us last week.
12. They have to have a basic (base) understanding of computers in order to use the technology.
13.The harder you work, the greater (great) progress you will make.
14. The church dating (date) back to the 9th century is a symbol of traditional culture.
15. The president demanded that the environment problems referred to (should)_be_paid (pay) attention to.
16. The survivor of the disaster was walking in the street, begging_ (beg) for help.
17. It was a time when_women were looked down upon and had no right to receive education.
18. The girl referred (refer) to at the meeting was studying in a famous university, majoring (major) in engineering.
二、短语填空
ups and downs date back to play an important role in be based on point of view |
1. Despite the ups_and_downs_in his life, Mr Brown never stops learning new things.
2. From my_point_of_view,_it is of great importance to pay attention to the feelings of ourselves.
3. As China plays_an_important_role_in global affairs, it is of great importance for us to have a good knowledge of Chinese.
4. According to the expert, the temple has a history dating_back_to the early Tang Dynasty.
5. As we all know, our success_is_based_on_cooperating with others.
三、熟词生义
①(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes.adj.明确的；具体的
②(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)“This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work.” he told me.vt.珍惜
③(2019·全国Ⅰ卷)At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants.n.底部
