unit3 how do you get to school——【期末复习】七年级英语下册章节知识点梳理（人教版）

这是一份unit3 how do you get to school——【期末复习】七年级英语下册章节知识点梳理（人教版），共15页。试卷主要包含了词汇知识清单，语法知识清单，语篇知识清单等内容，欢迎下载使用。

一、词汇知识清单
I、课标词汇[注意英译汉]
train [treɪn] n.火车
bus [bʌs] n.公交车
subway ['sʌbweɪ] n.地铁
take the subway乘地铁
ride [raɪd] v.骑n.旅程
bike [baɪk] n.自行车
ride a bike骑自行车
sixty ['sɪkstɪ] num.六十
seventy ['sev(ə)ntɪ] num.七十
eighty ['eɪtɪ] num.八十
ninety ['naɪntɪ] num.九十
hundred ['hʌndrəd] num.一百
minute ['mɪnɪt] n.分钟
far [fɑː(r)] adv.&adj.远；远的
kilmeter ['kɪlə,mitɚ](=kilmetre) (abbr.km) n.公里
new [njuː] adj.新的；刚出现的
every ['evrɪ] adj.每一；每个
every day每天
by [baɪ] prep.（表示方式）乘（交通工具）
by bike 骑自行车
drive [draɪv] v.开车
car [kɑːr] n.小汽车；轿车
live [lɪv] v.居住；生活
stp [stɒp] n.车站；停止
think f 认为
crss [krɔs] v.横过；越过
river ['rɪvə] n河，江
many ['menɪ] adj.&prn.许多
village [' vɪlɪdʒ] n.村庄，村镇
between [bɪ'twiːn] prep.介于…之间
between… and… 在……和……之间
bridge [brɪdʒ] n.桥
bat [bəʊt] n.小船
rpeway ['rp,we] n.索道
year [jɪə] n.年；岁
afraid [ə'freɪd] adj.害怕；畏惧
like [laɪk] prep.像；怎么样
villager [ˈvɪlɪdʒər] n.村民
leave [liː v] v.离开
dream [driːm] n.梦想；睡梦; v.做梦
true [truː] adj.真的；符合实际的
cme true实现；成为现实
II、语法词汇知其变[注意词性变化]
bus [bʌs] n.公交车---pl.buses
ride [raɪd] v.骑n.旅程---ing形式riding---n.rider骑手；附文；扶手
new [njuː] adj.新的；刚出现的---n.news新闻
every day每天---adj.everyday日常的，每天的---adv. everyday天天，每天
drive [draɪv] v.开车---ing形式driving---n.driver司机，驾驶员
live [lɪv] v.居住；生活---ing形式living---adj.lively活泼的；真实的---adj.living活的，逼真的
stp [stɒp] n.车站；停止---ing形式stpping
crss [krɔs] v.横过；越过---ing形式crssing---adv.acrss从一边到另一边；在……对面---prep.acrss从一边到另一边；横过，穿过
village [' vɪlɪdʒ] n.村庄，村镇---n.villager村民
leave [liː v] v.离开---ing形式leaving---过去式---left
dream [driːm] n.梦想；睡梦; v.做梦---ing形式dreaming---n.dreamer梦想家，做梦的人，不切实际的人
true [truː] adj.真的；符合实际的---adv.truly真实地，真诚地，准确地
III、重点短语知搭配[注意固定短语的英汉互译]
take the train /bus/bat 乘火车/公共汽车/船
Hw d yu get t…? 你怎样到达……
by bike 骑自行车
hw lng 多久，多长
hw far 多远
Hw lng des it take sb. t d…? 做……花某人多长时间？
Hw far is it frm …t …? ……离……有多远？
I'm nt sure. 我不能确信。
have a gd day at schl 上课快乐
yu, t. 你也是。
the bus ride 乘公共汽车
walk t schl 走路上学
drive ne's car t d… 开某人的车去做……
frm here 从这儿
think f 认为
Hw far des he /she live frm…? 他/她住在离……有多远？
What des he/she think f…? 他/她觉得……如何？
between…and… 在…..和……之间
cme true 实现，成为现实
by bus /train 乘公交车/火车
it is adj. t d… 做……怎么样
run t quickly fr… 对……来说流得太急
crss the river 通过河
ne (an)11-year-ld by 一个11岁的男孩
be nt afraid 不害怕
lve t d 喜欢做……
play with 和……玩耍
be like…t sb. 像……一样对……
It is ne's dream t d… 做……是某人的梦想
like this 像这样
have t d… 不得不做……
n a rpeway 坐索道
thanks fr… 因……感谢你
get there 到达那儿
IV、核心单词知用法[注意固定短语、句型和词块]
Sectin A
1. Hw d yu get t schl？ 你怎么去学校的呢？(P. 13)
(1) hw作疑问副词，意为“如何，怎样”，表示用什么手段，在本单元主要用于询问交通工具。
例如：Hw d yur parents g t wrk?
Hw des yur brther g t the museum?
Hw des Mike get t the schl?
Hw d they g hme?
(2) get作不及物动词，意为“到达”，常与t连用，表示目的地的词是副词here、there、hme等时，不需用介词t。
【拓展】注意区分get和 reach，arrive的用法
reach 作及物动词，其后直接接宾语
arrive 作不及物动词，“arrive in+大地点；arrive at +小地点”
例如：They finally get t/reach/arrive in Tianjin in the mrning.
My aunt gives me a call as sn as she gets t/reaches/arrives at bus statin.
The mnkey gets t/reaches/arrives at the z.
The party is s bring, I want t g hme.
Please cme here and jin us.
I dn’t want t g there. It’s scary.
2. Hw far is it frm yur hme t schl? 从你家到学校有多远? (P. 14)
Hw far作疑问副词，意为“多远，多少距离”。常用疑问句结构“Hw is it frm A t B?=Hw far is B frm A? 从A到B有多远？”
答语：(1) It’s…meters/miles/kilmeters(away) frm...有……米/英里/千米（远）
(2) It’s abut ten minutes’ walk/ ride. 大约有十分钟步行/骑车的路程。
(3) It’s far/near.离得远/近。
例如：——Hw far is yur schl frm yur hme?
——It’s five kilmeters away frm my schl t my hme./ It’s abut ten minutes’ ride./It’s near.
——Hw far is it frm Chngqing t Beijing?
——It’s abut 1800 kilmeters./ It’s abut half past three hurs’ flight./It’s far.
【拓展】A be far frm B：A离B远；
A be 具体路程+away frm B：A到B有……
A +be +路程距离frm +B Frm A t B：A离B有……
例如：My schl is far frm my hme.
My schl is 10 kilmeters away frm my hme.
It’s 10 kilmeters (away) frm my schl t my hme.
My schl（A） is 10 kilmeters frm my hme（B）.
3. I’m nt sure…abut 10 kilmeters? 我不确定，大概10公里吧。(P. 14)
abut作介词，可译作“大约，左右=arund；将近，几乎；到处，处处，各处；在某地，附近，周围”
例如：They waited (fr) abut/arund an hur.
I'm just abut ready
The children were rushing abut in the garden.
There was nbdy abut.
4. Hw lng des it take yu t get t schl? 你到学校要花多长时间? (P. 14)
(1)hw lng作疑问副词，意为“多久”，用于提问时间。
例如：——Hw lng des it take yu t get t schl?
——Just 10 minutes’ ride.
——Hw lng have yu been in America?
——Fr tw years.
(2)take作动词，意为“ 携带；拿走；取走；花费”
【拓展】辨析take, spend, cst, pay
例如：It tk him seven days t make the big cake.
It takes me half an hur t d my hmewrk.
It takes us 40 minutes t get t the new city.
He spent seven days making the big cake.
He spent seven days n the big cake.
I spend 20 yuan buying this bk.
I spend 20 yuan n this bk.
The skirt csts her 200 yuan.
He paid 1000 yuan fr the TV set.
5. Find smene wh lives abut five kilmeters frm schl. 找一个住在离学校大约5公里的人。(P. 15)
live作不及物动词，意为“居住，生活”。常用短语：
(1)live n sth. 以某物为食 (2) live a 过...生活
例如：The sheep live n the green grass.
we live n milk when we are the baby.
The pr live a difficult life because f the bad weather.
The children live a happy life with hpe.
【拓展】lively作形容词，意为“活泼的；真实的”；living作形容词，意为“活的，逼真的”。
例如：The ld wman likes all f the lively kids.
The by lks at the living fish in the picture.
Sectin B
1. bus stp公交车站，巴士站（小站点）
bus statin 公交车站（主要指公共交通枢纽站）(P. 16)
例如：at the bus stp/statin
I will wait fr yu at the bus stp.
Let’s meet at the bus statin.
2. Mary wants t knw what he thinks f the trip. 玛丽想知道他对这次旅行有什么看法。(P. 16)
(1)…what he thinks f the trip作动词knw的宾语，为宾语从句。
(2)What d yu think f/abut =Hw d yu 你认为怎么样？ 询问某人看法的句型
例如：What d yu think f/abut the bk?= Hw d yu like the bk?
What des Mary think f/abut the English stry?= Hw des Mary like the English stry?
What d yur grandparents think f/abut the picture?= Hw d yur grandparents like the picture?
What d yu think f ging shpping?= Hw d yu think f ging shpping?
3. Crssing the river t schl. 过河去上学。(P. 17)
crss作动词，意为“穿过，横穿、交叉”。亦作名词，意为“十字标记，十字形（或叉形）物”，复数形式为crsses。
例如：He crssed the Yellw River yesterday．
The tw streets crss in the center f the city．
Mr. Li marked the paper with a crss．
【拓展】crssing 作名词，意为“人行横道，渡口；交叉口，十字路口”
acrss作介词，意为“穿过”，crss=g acrss
acrss与thrugh都译为穿过, 但acrss指从物体表面上过去，而thrugh指物体内部空间穿过
例如：Yu can turn left at the secnd crssing．
We shuld pay attentin t the traffic lights at the crssing.
G acrss the bridge, then yu can see the library.
She crssed the river yesterday.
She swam acrss the river yesterday．
The travelers walk thrugh the frest.
4. Fr many students, it is easy t get t schl. 对许多学生来说，上学很容易。(P. 17)
(1)fr作介词，意为“对；为了；因为，由于”，后跟“+n./prn./v.ing”作宾语。
例如：Thanks fr yur writing me back.
We didn’t g t the park fr the rain yesterday.
It’s imprtant fr mst peple t live a healthy life.
There is n need fr me t get up early tmrrw.
Fr yur study, yu shuld study harder.
We shuld save water fr prtecting ur earth.
(2)it is easy t get t schl.句中it作形式主语，真正的主语为“t get t schl”。其结构为“it’s adj. fr sb. t d sth.”意为“对某人来说做某事是……。”
例如：It’s easy fr us t d the task.
It’s relaxing fr children t watch TV n weekends.
It’s imprtant fr ur students t study hard.
It’s helpful fr Jack t fllw the teacher’s advice.
It’s interesting fr me t read science bks.
It’s useful t listen t English radi.
5. There is n bridge and the river runs t quickly fr bats. 这里没有桥，河水湍急，不能划船。(P. 17)
n作形容词来修饰名词，修饰单数可数名词时，结构“n+单数可数名词=nt a/an+单数可数名词”；修饰复数可数名词或不可数名词时，结构“n+复数可数名词或不可数名词=nt any+复数可数名词或不可数名词”
例如：There is n bridge.=There is nt a bridge.
There is n student in the classrm.= There isn’t a student in the classrm.
The man walks fr 2 days but he eats n fd.= The man walks fr 2 days but he desn’t eat any fd.
I have n prblems.=I dn’t have any prblems.
6. One 11-year-ld by, Liangliang, crssing the river every schl day. 11岁的男孩亮亮每天都要过河。(P. 17)
11-year-ld作复合形容词，用作定语，修饰名词by。结构为“数词+名词（+形容词）”构成复合形容词，其中的名词只能用单数形式。
例如：He is an 8 -year-ld by.
There is a 7-day trip frm Lijiang t Xishuangbanna.
We will have a 2-hur meeting.
Tm has a three-mile walk with his grandpa.
He is helping the cach ready fr the five-year plan f ur team.
7. But he is nt afraid. 但他并不害怕。(P. 17)
afraid作形容词，意为“害怕；畏惧”。常用结构：“be afraid t d害怕做某事”，是主观上的原因不去做，怕；“be afraid f ding 唯恐做某事”，担心做某事会引起某种后果；“be afraid f sth.害怕某物/某事”；“be afraid that + clause恐怕”。
例如：She was afraid t wake her husband.她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。
She was afraid f waking her husband.她生怕吵醒她丈夫。
The wrker is afraid t talk with his bss.
The wrker is afraid f making any mistakes.
Mst f girls are afraid f snakes.
We are nt afraid f ur teacher because she is patient with us.
I’m afraid that I can’t g t Paris with yu.
8. Many f the students and villagers never leave the village. 许多学生和村民从未离开过村子。(P. 17)
leave作动词，既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，常见用法如下：
(1)leave sp./sb./sth.离开某地/某人/某物
(2)leave fr sp.前往某地，动身去某地
(3)听任,使处于某种状态
(4) leave+sth.+介词sp.把某物遗忘在某地
(5)辞去(工作等);脱离(组织等)
例如：Dn’t frget t clse the dr when yu leave hme.
My lvely dg left me when I was 6 years ld.
Mr. Lee decides t leave fr Lndn fr business.
We have t leave fr schl nw.
Please leave the windws pen.
I feel sad nw, s just leave me alne.
Mr. Smith, I am s srry that I leave my hmewrk at hme.
The man leaves his keys in the car.
Mary left schl last year and she is wrking in a shp nw.
9. It is their dream t have a bridge. 拥有一座桥是他们的梦想。(P. 17)
(1)dream作动词，意为“做梦”，常用搭配为“dream f/abut+n./prn./v.ing梦想，梦见”；作可数名词，意为“梦想；睡梦”。
例如：I had a beautiful dream last night.
We have a dream that we can fly in the sky.
All peple dream f the peace f the wrld.
Wman all like diamnd, because it means frever.
Sam dreams f becming a scientist.
These yung men all dream f traveling all ver the wrld.
Everyne dreams f her, because she is s wnderful.
(2)句子“It’s their dream t have a bridge.”中“it”为形式主语，真正的主语为“t have a bridge”。
10. Can their dream cme true? 他们的梦想能实现吗? (P. 17)
不及物动词短语cme true 意为“实现，成为现实”，后面不能直接跟宾语，常用“dream cme true梦想实现”。
例如：China dream can cme true ne day.
Hpe my wishes cme true.
It’s time that ur dreams cme true.
【拓展】realize和achieve作及物动词，后直接跟宾语。
例如：We can realize/achieve ur China dream ne day.
Hpe that I realize/achieve my wishes.
It’s time fr us t realize/achieve ur dreams.
11. They have t crss a very big river between their schl and the village. 在学校和村庄之间，他们必须穿过一条非常大的河。 (P. 17)
(1)have t意为“不得不，被迫”，后加动词原形，侧重客观的需要，有多种时态形式（一般现在时：have/has t+动原，一般过去时：had t+动原）；否定式为“dn’t/desn’t have t(needn’t)不必，没必要”。
例如：I have t g hme t take care f my baby sister.
He has t finish this jb this week.
—D I have t hand in my paper right nw?
—yes, yu have t./N, yu dn’t have t./N, yu needn’t.
【拓展】must 作情态动词，意为“必须”，后加动词原形，侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务做某事，只有现在时一种形式；否定式为“mustn’t 不准，禁止”。
例如：Harry, yu must g t the schl t study.
We must save water fr ur earth.
The students mustn’t take the phne t the schl.
The drivers mustn’t stp here.
(2)介词短语between A and B意为“在A和B之间”。
例如：There is a bridge between this muntain and that muntain.
I sit dwn between Jessica and Jack.
二、语法知识清单
hw 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式并回答
1.交通方式的询问：Hw d/des sb. get t sp.?
2.交通方式的回答：
(1)take +a/an/the +表示交通工具的名词，意为“乘……去某地”，是动词短语，在句中作谓语。
(2)介词短语作方式状语：by + 表示交通工具的单数名词
n/in + a/an/the/ne’s+表示交通工具的单数名词
(3)walk/ride/drive/fly+t+地点名词，步行/骑自行车/开车/坐飞机去某地
常用表达方式：walk = g/cme/get ft
ride a / my bike =g/cme/get t/arrive/reach…n the bike/by bike
take the bus= g/cme/get t/arrive/reach…n the bus/by bus
drive a/my car= g/cme/get t/arrive/reach…in a car/by car
fly= g/cme/get t/arrive/reach…by plane/air= g/cme/get t/arrive/reach…n a/the plane
例如：I walk t schl.=I get t schl n ft.
I ride my bike t schl.=I get t schl by bike.=I get t schl n my bike.
I take the bus t schl.=I get t schl by bus=I get t schl n the bus.
Drive a car t wrk.=G t wrk by car.=G t wrk in a car.
fly t shanghai=g t shanghai by plane/air=take the/a plane t shanghai=g t shanghai n a/an/the plane.
【注意】by + 表示交通工具的单数名词时，名词前不能加任何冠词或者其他修饰词。
三、语篇知识清单
本单元主要围绕日常生活中人们的出行方式、出行所花费的时间及两地之间的距离而展开话题讨论。此类话题与我们的生活非常贴近，同学们在写作过程中，应熟练运用所学句型来表达怎样到达某地、某地有多远、到该地需要多长时间等。
写作步骤
◆ 步骤一：在第一部分可通过自我介绍来引出话题。
◆ 步骤二：在第二部分可使用所学句子“It’s abut tw kilmeters.”；“I usually g t schl by bike…”和“It takes me abut fifteen minutes…”来介绍具体情况。
◆ 步骤三：结尾可谈及相关感受。
【审清题目】
内容：介绍上学的相关情况，根据提示要求连词成句，连句成文。
文体：日记，记叙文，书信
人称：第一人称I或we；第二人称yu；第三人称he/she/they。
【头脑风暴】
【提供素材】
◆语块
◆句型
Sb. g(es) t schl by…
Sb. take(s) the bus at the bus stp every day.
It takes sb. sme time t d sth.
It’s abut… kilmeters frm my hme t schl.
It’s abut…minutes by bike.
Sb. be afraid f ding sth. by neself.
What d/des sb. think f (ding) sth.?
Sp. is at the crssing f the street.
A is (nt) far frm B.
【谋篇布局】
【点评范文】
1.内容：本文章要求对上学情况进行介绍。
2.语言：从自我介绍，上学情况到谈及感受，文章清晰准确地进行了描述，逻辑清晰，结构清楚。文章中的佳句有时间状语从句“But when it rains, my mther has t take me t schl by her car.”和原因状语从句“I like riding my bike t schl because it is healthy.”。
例文：
假如你叫王伟，请你以Riding a Bike t Schl为题，写一篇短文，介绍一下自己每天上学的方式。
要点提示：1.你家离学校的距离；2.你上学的方式；3.花费的时间；4.你对此上学方式的看法。
要求：1. 内容完整，语句通顺；2. 包含所有要点提示，并可适当发挥；3. 不得出现真实人名、校名，词数60左右。
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【思路导航】
文体：记叙文；人称：第一人称。
【佳作展示】
Ride a Bike t Schl
My name is Wang Wei. I’m a middle schl student. Yu want t knw hw I get t schl, right? Nw let me tell abut it.
I live in a small village, but my huse is nt far frm schl. It’s nly abut tw kilmeters. I usually ride my bike t schl every day. It’s abut twenty minutes’ ride. But smetimes I spend 10 minutes taking the bus t g t schl.
I like ging t schl by bike because I think it’s a healthy way.
【名师点评】
【高分句型一】
Yu want t knw hw I get t schl, right? 你想知道我怎样去学校，对吗？句型：hw I get t schl为宾语从句；句末用反意疑问句结束。
【高分句型二】
Nw let me tell abut it. 现在让我告诉你关于它吧。句型：祈使句。
【高分句型三】
I live in a small village, but my huse is nt far frm schl.我居住在一个小村庄，但是我的房子离我的学校不远。句型：but引导让步状语从句。
【亮点短语】
get t schl到达学校； live in a small village居住在小村庄；be nt far frm sp.离……不远；abut tw kilmeters大约两公里；ride my bike t schl骑自行车去学校；every day每天；twenty minutes’ ride20分钟的骑行路程；sb. spend time ding sth.某人花时间做某事；by bike骑自行车；a healthy way一种健康的方式。花费
主语
宾语
结构
take
it
时间
It takes sb sme time t d sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间
spend
人
时间/金钱
Sb. spend sme time/mney n sth 某人在某事或某物上花费时间/钱
Sb. spend sme time/ mney (in)ding sth 某人花时间/金钱做某事
cst
物
金钱
Sth. cst sb sme mney某物花费某人多少钱
pay
人
金钱
Sb. pay sme mney fr sth.某人为某物付款/花费多少钱
上学情况
I g t schl by bus/subway/bike/car.
I take the bus at the bus stp every day.
It takes sb. 10 minutes t g t schl.
It’s abut five kilmeters frm my hme t schl.
It’s abut 15 minutes by bike.
My mther has t take me t schl by her car.
It’s abut 15 minutes’ ride.= It’s abut 15-minute ride.
感受
I like riding t schl.
I am afraid f taking the subway by myself, when I was yung.
I think it’s a healthy way t g t schl by bike.
I like ging t schl by bus, because it’s friendly t the earth/envirnment.
其他
All rads lead t Rme.条条大路通罗马。
A rad f a thusand miles begins with ne step.千里之行始于足下。