教学内容

教学实施建议

教学资源参考

Pre-reading

1）复习以前学过的数词，通过游戏使学生对数词有一个熟悉的过程

2）通过brainstorm 和图片来引进一些加，减,等较难的单词，通过这些符号的学习加深对数词的学习，从而达到对本课的理解。 同时和平时的数学课联系向学生介绍

具体处理这部分内容的建议

《牛津英语教学参考》

While-reading

这是本课的重点部分.要求老师与学生一起走进数字世界.同时初步了解整篇课文的布局

①讲解课文：

A. 通过图片引入单词B．接下来的环节是Further understanding of the text。 学生在这一环节里，可以用新的单词和句型来讲述文中的数字的形成、计算机和电脑。这个设计安排既可以回顾课文的主要内容，还可以看出学生的理解是否准确，很多精彩的智慧火花会在这一刻出现。C讨论文章四段大

D. 重点词汇及句式讲解E．Consolidation and conclusion 指导学生完成课文后的P50 Ex C1、C2,C3.

Post-reading

同时推荐学生阅读补充材料：

说明：对于Pre-reading 的PPT处理

说明：通过图片介绍数学符号和数学用具

说明：通过图片引入古代数字， 算盘， 计算机和电脑

说明：课文讲解及重点句型的介绍。

课文提问及重点句型的介绍

1. According to the text ask the question:

1. In what way, did people all count in the same way?
2. what did people write in many different ways?
3. Who invented the zero?
4. Why was the zero a very important invention?
5. Which is one of the first calculating machines?
6. How do people describe the abacuses?
7. Why do say computers are very powerful?
8. Is a human brain more powerful than a computer? Why ?

2. Change the following sentences

1. This maths problem is too difficult to work out.
2. The camera is too expensive for her to buy.
3. Tony is old enough to go to school.
4. The hole is too small for the dog to go into.
5. These vegetables are fresh enough for us to like to eat.
6. the schools is to far away for wei wei to go on foot.
7. The music is to soft for him to hear.
8. the bird is too high for us to see.

3. Rewrite sentences

1. I spent two days doing this job.

2. Tommy paid 25 yuan for this shirt.

3. Sandy spent 135 dollar on this bicycle.

4 The students of class Four spent two hours finishing their homework.

5. Fangfang paid 100yuan for all of the books.

1.

课文提文及重点句型

课文讲解

1  at least 意为“至少”，“无论如何；不管怎样”。如：

He has waited for you at least 30 minutes.他等了你至少30分钟

You might at least answer 你不管怎样该给个答复。

At least 的反义词是at most（至多；最多）

Language是名词，意为“语言”。 language 的搭配是speak a language。如：

People in different countries speak different languages。不同国家的人说不同的语言。

Language的常用搭配还有：

An official language 官方语言  spoken/oral language口语

The Chinese language 汉语  written language 书面语言

2 In ancient times, people wrote numbers in many different ways, as these pictures of the number 6 show.古时候，人们以不同的方式书写数字，正如那些表示数字6的图片所示。

Ancient 是形容词，意为“古代的”，“很久以前的”。又如：

The ancient Chinese wore different clothes from the modern Chinese.

中国古人与现代人穿的衣服完全不同。

Ancient 的反义词是modern （a 现代的；现代化的）

times 与time 不同，前者表示“某个时代”，而后者表示“时间”。如：

In Shakespeare’s times, not many people could read.

在莎士比亚时代，没有多少人认识字。

Times 的近义词是age （n 时代）

In ancient times 是“在古代”，“很久以前”的意思。我们也可以用long go, long, 或 once upon a time来表示“从前”或“很久以前”之意。
本例中，as 是个介词，意为“正如”，“像……一样”。又如：

She works in the same building as my sister 她和我妹妹在同一大楼上班。

3． However, they nearly all counted in the same way—in tens.

然而，它们的计数方式都是一致的—十进制。

Nearly是个副词，表示“大约”，“接近”，“差不多”的意思。又如：

I’m nearly 16.it’s my birthday next week.我就快16岁了，下个礼拜是我生日。

Almost 与nearly 意思相近，当与动词、副词、形容词及名词连用时，可互换，如：

It’s nearly lunchtime =it’s almost lunchtime。 快到午饭时间了。

但Almost 可以和no 、none 、never 、nothing 等不定代词连用，而nearly 则不可；nearly 常用在含有not 的否定句中，而almost 则不可与not 单独连用。如：

There’s almost no water left in the bottle.瓶子里水快没了。

It is not nearly so pretty as it was before 这远不及以前漂亮了。

4．The system of numbers that nearly everyone uses today consists of the numbers from 1 to 9 and 0(zero).今天几乎所有人使用的数字系统都包含从1到9和0这十个数字。

Consist of 是“包括”，“由……组成”的意思。consist 没有被动舆台，因此不可以说成is consisted of。如：

The class consists of 22boys and 18 girls.

这个班级是由22个男生和18个女生组成的。

Consist of 与be made up of意思相近。因此，上句也可改写为：

The class is made up of 22boys and 18 girls.

这个班级是由22个男生和18个女生组成的。

5．The Indians first invented and developed the 1 to 9 system of numbers.

印度人最早发明并建立了从1到9的数字系统。

动词Invent 是“发明”，“创造”之意。如：

Who invented the bicycle? 谁发明了自行车？

与之相关的派生词有：

inventor n.发明者；发明家

Thomas Edison was a great inventor in the American history.

托马斯`爱迪生是美国历史上一位伟大的发明家。

Invention n.发明，发明物

Invention作“发明”解时，是不可数名词。如：

The invention of telephones and telegrams made the world different.

电话与电报的发明使世界不同以往。

Invention 作“发明物”的解时，是可数名词。如：

His 6000 inventions included the electric light, the phonograph, and the mimeograph machine.

他作出了6000项发明，包括电灯泡、留声机和油印机。

动词Develop 为“发展”，“开发”之意，如：

Some children develop more slowly than others.有的儿童比其他儿童发育得慢。

Develop的派生词有：

Development n。发展：

The development of modern science and technology makes people lead amore enjoyable life.

现代科技的发展使人们享受更幸福的生活。

Developed a.发达的

The USA is a developed country。美国是发达国家

Developing a.发展中的

The PRC is a developing country.中国是发展中国家

动词Calculate是“计算”之意。如：

Can you calculate how much the holiday will cost?

你能否计算一下度个假要花多少钱？

Calculator n.计算器

Calculation n 计算；计算题

解释为“计算”时，Calculation为不可数名词。如：

Perhaps you have made a mistake in your calculation.

你方可能计算有误。

解释为“计算题”时，Calculation为可数名词，如：

All these calculations are based on the data you have provide.

所有计算结果都是根据你们提供的数据做出的。

Calculating a.计算的；与计算有关的

Calculating machine 计算机calculating businessman精明的商人

Accurate是形容词，意为“准确的，精确的”

Accurate的派生词有：

Accurately ad.正确地，精确地 Accuracy n.精确性，正确度

So …that…是“如此……以至于……”的意思，它所引导的是结果状语从句。如：

The desk is so heave that I can’t carry it课桌太重了，我搬不动他。

动词represent是“代表”的意思，又如：

we chose a committee to represent us 我们选出一个委员来代表我们。

Representative是represent的名词形式，是“代表，代理（人）”的意思。

In a flash 是“在一瞬间”的意思，相当于very quickly。

Whole 在本例中是个形容词，意为“整个的”，“全部的”。又如：

She ate the whole cake 她把整个蛋糕都吃了

Whole还可以作名词用，意为“整体”。“全体”常见的搭配有：

As a whole 整体来看

She  dislike the acting but enjoyed the play as a whole

她不喜欢这部戏的表演，但整体上她还是喜欢这部戏的。

On the whole 总的来说

The weather this month has been good on the whole 这个月天气基本是好的

介词against在本文中是“对着；对立”的意思。又如：

they played against a football team from another village

他们跟另一个村的足球队比赛

此外，against还可以用来表达如下含义：

不喜欢；反对

many people are against the plan 很多人都反对这个计划

此时它的反义词为for，即表示赞成。

防止；预防

have you had an injection against the disease ?你注射过这种疾病的预防针了吗？

靠着；倚着

put the cupboard against the wall 把这个橱柜放在靠墙的地方。

Some people call the brain a living computer 有人把人脑称为“活电脑”

Living一词为形容词，解释为“活着的”“健在的”，又如：

Some people say he is the greatest living writer.有人说他是健在的最伟大的作家。

alive，live和living这三个词有时会被混淆。以下简述一下它们的区别：

通常情况下，alive作表语（be alive），而living一般放在名词前作定语用。如：

that great man is still alive 那个伟人依然活着

all living things一切生物

live也是“有生命的，活着的”的意思，但往往指

说明：本课核心词汇、拓展词汇、重点词组、句式列表

本课核心词汇、拓展词汇、重点词组、句式列表

1,*abacus  (n)算盘

2,*accurate: (adj.)正确无误的：准确的：精确的

   ( adv.) accurately

3,amazing: ( adj.)另人惊奇的

   (v.) amaze. ( n.)amazement

4,at least至少

5, *angle角：角度

6,be made up of: consist of由…组成

7,*bead珠子

8,*brain(n).大脑

9,*calculate（V）计算

10,*calculation（N）计算

11,calculator（N）计算器

12,*compasses（N）圆规

13,consist of 包括；由…组成

14,*decimal （a）以10做基础的；十进位的；小数的

15,develop （v）（使某事物）发展；发育；成长；发达

16,divide: (V.) （v）除

17,*electronic: (adj.) 电子的

18,especially （ad）特别；尤其；主要

19,*even （a）偶数的；能被2除尽的

20,figure （n）数字

21,following (adj)下列的， 接着的

22,*fraction （n）分数

23,human （n）人

24,invent:  （v）发明；创造

25,invention （n）发明；发明物

26*lifetime （n）一生；终生

27,*living （a）活着的

28,*measure （v）量；测量；计量

29,*multiply （v）乘

30,*odd （a）奇数的；不能被2除尽的

31,*percentage（n）百分数；百分率；百分比

32,powerful: (adj.)强大的；强有力的；有力量的

33,program: (n.) （v）编程；用程序指示计算机工作

34,*protractor （n）量角器；分度规

35,*represent  （v）代表；象征

36,*square root （n）平方根

37,*subtract （v）减

38,times （n）时代；时期

39,*announcement (n)声明；宣言

40,copy （n）拷贝；复制

41,decision （n）决定

42,*fellow （adj）同类的；同伴的

43,*gift (n) 礼物

44,*wrongly（adv）错误地

45,*graph (n) 图表

46,not at all 没关系

未打*号是核心词汇

词组归纳

everyone’s language大家共同的语言        do a calculation计算

at least至少；无论如何；                 in one’s whole lifetime在某人的一生

不管怎样                   brain against computer人脑战电脑

the international 国际通用的数字语言      call the brain a living 把人脑叫做活电脑

language of numbers                     computer

in ancient times 古时候；从前             give an answer 给出答案

in many different ways用许多不同的方法    with an amazing brain具有一个不可思议的

大脑

in tens用十进制                         calculate like lightning像闪电般计算

the systems of numbers数字系统            find the answer 找出答案

consist of包括；由…组成                 take a minute 花费一分钟

from the biggest to 从最大的到最小的       program it with用指令为其编程

the smallest instructions

                                     have to 不得不

one of the first 最早的工具之一            solve the problem解题

calculating machines                    odd number 奇数；单数

so…that…  如此…以至于……            decimal number小数

start from由…开始                      even number偶数；双数

on the right 在右面                      be made up of由…组成

a modern electronic现代电子计算器       

 calculator

square roots 平方根

说明：关于算盘和电脑的补充阅读材料，拓展学生的阅读能力，并加深对课文主题的理解。

I reading

  About computer

That little "a" with a circle curling around it that is found in email addresses is most commonly referred to as the "at" symbol.

Surprisingly though, there is no official, universal name for this sign. There are dozens of strange terms to describe the @ symbol

Before it became the standard symbol for electronic mail, the @ symbol was used to represent the cost or weight of something. For instance, if you purchased 6 apples, you might write it as 6 apples @ $1.10 each

With the introduction of e-mail came the popularity of the @ symbol. The @ symbol or the "at sign" separates a person's online user name from his mail server address. For instance, joe@uselessknowledge.com. Its widespread use on the Internet made it necessary to put this symbol on keyboards in other countries that have never seen or used the symbol before. As a result, there is really no official name for this symbol

History tells us that the @ symbol stemmed from the tired hands of the medieval monks. During the Middle Ages before the invention of printing presses, every letter of a word had to be painstakingly transcribed by hand for each copy of a published book. The monks that performed these long, tedious copying duties looked for ways to reduce the number of individual strokes per word for common words. Although the word "at" is quite short to begin with, it was a common enough word in texts and documents that medieval monks thought it would be quicker and easier to shorten the word "at" even more. As a result, the monks looped the "t" around the "a" and created it into a circle-eliminating two strokes of the pen.

An Illustrated History of Computers
John Toppling © 2002

The first computers were people! That is, electronic computers (and the earlier mechanical computers) were given this name because they performed the work that had previously been assigned to people. "Computer" was originally a job title: it was used to describe those human beings (predominantly women) whose job it was to perform the repetitive calculations required to compute such things as navigational tables, tide charts, and planetary positions for astronomical almanacs. Imagine you had a job where hour after hour, day after day, you were to do nothing but compute multiplications. Boredom would quickly set in, leading to carelessness, leading to mistakes. And even on your best days you wouldn't be producing answers very fast. Therefore, inventors have been searching for hundreds of years for a way to mechanize (that is, find a mechanism that can perform) this task.

This picture shows what were known as "counting tables" [photo courtesy IBM]

A typical computer operation back when computers were people.

The abacus was an early aid for mathematical computations. Its only value is that it aids the memory of the human performing the calculation. A skilled abacus operator can work on addition and subtraction problems at the speed of a person equipped with a hand calculator (multiplication and division are slower). The abacus is often wrongly attributed to China. In fact, the Babylonians used the oldest surviving abacus in 300 B.C.. The abacus is still in use today, principally in the Far East. A modern abacus consists of rings that slide over rods, but the older one pictured below dates from the time when pebbles were used for counting (the word "calculus" comes from the Latin word for pebble).

II. Choose the suitable word or expression to complete the passage

In some schools there is a computer classroom. Teachers give lessons without any chalk. Students work on the maths problems with no pens or paper, either. The computer writes questions on the screen in front of the students, and the students’ answer on their keyboards,

  Students can easily learn a foreign language with a computer. The computer gives lessons in grammar and correct use of words and phrases. Its speakers can tell you how to pronounce the words.

Now computer have entered a lot of families. You can exchange information through the computer. You can even send or receive letters from E-mail box. You can also book a theatre ticket or a plane seat on the computer net. Recently universities and senior high schools have succeeded in accepting new students on the screen.

Computers come in all sizes and shapes—pocket calculator, video game machine. Human beings give computers their information and tell them what to do. Computers have played an important part in our daily life, but they can’t take the place of human beings. The students of today should learn how to use the computers of tomorrow

III. True or False

Leeds—London

Dep=depart(leave)

CF=cheap fare(ticket)   arr=arrive   S=Saturday only

C=change at Poncaster  MF=Monday to Friday

(   )1. This is a train schedule.

(   )2. The 1030 train is an indirect train.

(   )3. The 0725 train takes the least time to get to Leeds.

(   )4. There are 5 trains to go from Monday to Saturday.

(   )5. There are 2 MF trains with cheap fares.

(   )6. There are 3 trains on the schedule with normal fares

Key:

1, T 2, T, 3, T, 4, F, 5, T, 6, T