初中英语牛津版 (深圳&广州)九年级上册（2014秋审查）Unit 4 Problems and advice优秀导学案

Module 2 Unit 4 Problems and advice

Period 3  Grammar学案

考点分析

单元语法总结

句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用，英语子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、补足语、状语等。

主语:主语是句子所述说的主体,它的位置一般在句首。可用作主语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等。

We work in a big factory.我们在一家大工厂工作。(名词)

She went out in a hurry.他匆匆忙忙地出去了。(代词)

Running is good for your health跑步有益健康。(动名词)

To see is to believe.眼见为实。(不定式)

谓语:谓语的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由单个动词(短语)或多个动词(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成。

Mother bought me a VCR.妈妈给我买了一台录像机。(动词)

We have finished our work already.我们已经完成了工作。(动词)

He can speak English well.他英语说得很好。(动词)

We study for the people我们为人民学习。(动词短语)

1 can speak a little English我可以说一点英语 。(情态动词+不定式)

宾语(objects):宾语在句中主要充当动作的承受者,一般置于及物动词之后。

可以用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、从句等。

1.He never forgives others for their mistakes.他从不原谅别人的错误。(名词)

2.The Americans enjoyed living in China.美国人喜欢住在中国。(动名词短语)

3.He shows us the picture. (S+V +IO+DO)

4.He shows the picture to us. (S+V + DO + IO)

5.There is a piece of paper flying in the sky. (S+V+O+C)

补足语:补足语是一种补充主语或宾语意义的句子成分。补充主语意义的句子成分叫做主语补足语，补充宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、

分词、介词短语等。

宾语补足语

We must keep a secret.我们必须对此保密。(名词)

I found the book very interesting.我发现这本书很有意思。(形容词)

Please make yourself at home.你随便一点。 (介词短语)

She asked me to lend her a hand.他请我帮他一把。 (不定式短语)

He made himself known to them first. 他先向他们做了自我介绍。(分词短语)

Please keep the dog out.请把狗关在外面。(副词)

状语:状语是修饰动词、形容词、副词以及全句的句子成分。作状语的有副词，名词、代词、数词、形容词、不定式、分词、介词短语、从句等。按用途,时间、地点、方式、原因、结果、目的、条件、让步、程度、方式、伴随等。

I’ll be back in a while.我过一会 儿就回来。(时间状语)

They are playing on the playground.她们正在操场上玩儿。(地点状语)

He was late for school because of the heavy rain.由于下大雨他上学迟到了。(原因状语)

句子成分总结

主语:句子说的是什么人或什么事

谓语:说明主语做什么

宾语:动作的承受者

表语:说明主语的性质、状态、特征

定语:用来修饰名词或代词

状语:说明时间、地点、原因、结果等

补足语:补充主语或宾语意义

句型归纳

1.主语+谓语动词 (S+V)

My head aches.我头疼。

2.主语+谓语动词+宾语 (S+V+O)

She likes the flowers.我喜欢这些花。

3.主语+谓语动词(连系动词)+补足语 (S+V+C)

I am a student.我是一个学生 。

4.主语+谓语动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 (S+V+IO+DO)

Mr Wang teaches us English.王老师教我们英语。

5.主语+谓语动词+直接宾语+间接宾语(S+V+DO+IO)

Mum bought my sister a present. 妈妈给我的妹妹买了一份礼物。

6.主语+谓语动词+宾语+补足语 (S+V+O+C)

The smell made him sick.这气味使他恶心。

7.主语+谓语动词+宾语+状语 (S+V+O+A)

The students are doing their homework in the classroom.学生们正在教室里做作业。

8.主语+谓语动词+状语 (S+V+A)

He wrote with a red pencil他用红铅笔写的。

同步训练

一、用英文写出下列句子划线部分的句子成分名称。

1.The plane has just taken off at the airport.

2.With more money I would be able to buy it. 

3.We sang and danced together.

4.She hates troubling her classmates.

5.We find it possible to finish this job in one day.

6.Our teacher taught us English.

7.My mother told me a story. 

8.The teacher made them clean the classroom. 

二、用英语写出下列句子成分的名称。

1.The moon rose.(     )

2. She smiled her thanks.(     )

3.She ordered herself a new dress.(     )

4.They appointed him manager. (     )

5.I play football three days ago.(     )

6.I play in the playground.(     )

三、填入正确的介词。

1.I paid some money_____ the girl.

2.Her uncle bought an English-Chinese dictionary_____her yesterday.

3.The watch is Li Lei's. Please give it_____ him.

4.Her uncle left some money______her.

5.Her uncle left some money _____her.

四、找出下列句中的宾语

1.My brother hasn't done his homework.(    )

2.People all over the world speak English.(    )

3.You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.(    )

4.How many new words did you learn last class?(    )

5.Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?(    )

五、找出下列句中的宾语补足语

1.She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading - room.(    )

2.He asked her to take the boy out of school.(    )

3.She found it difficult to do the work.(    )

4.They call me Lily sometimes.(    )

5.I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.(    )

六、综合填空

Mini was a very popular student. She was easy to get along with and she had many friends.

One day, the 10-year-old girl did  1  bad in the class and her teacher told her to“stay as" punishment (惩罚). Staying back 2  doing something. 'useful'. like helping in the garden or library after school is  3  .

In Mini's school, every month, students could  4  their punishment time with someone else. If you had something else to do the  5  you w

ere punished. you could ask a friend to do it for you. Of course, you had to do it for him, but it had to be in the  6  month .

On that day, a very dear aunt was visiting Mini on her way to America. That afternoon was the  7  chance Mini had to meet her for another five years.

Mini had to find someone else to do it for her. But there was a problem . It was the  8  day of the month.

She went to ask some students. But each one refused.

Of course, no one said no directly  9   everyone had an excuse.

So, after school Mini stayed back to help the librarian, Ms. Martha. And, when Ms. Martha  10  her crying after everyone had left, she let her leave to meet her aunt.

When she went home, she said to herself,“I thought I had many friends, but in fact I have none.

答案

一、用英文写出下列句子划线部分的句子成分名称。

1.[答案]S

2.[答案]A

3.[答案]V

4.[答案]O

5.[答案]C

6.[答案]IO

7.[答案]DO

8.[答案]O

二、用英语写出下列句子成分的名称。

1.[答案]S+V

2. [答案]S+V+O

3.[答案]S+V+IO+DO

4.[答案]S+V+O+C

5.[答案]S+V+O+A

6.[答案]S+V+A

三、填入正确的介词。

1.[答案]to

2.[答案]for

3.[答案]to

4.[答案]for

5.[答案]for

四、找出下列句中的宾语

1.homework.

2.English.

3.attention

4.words

5.to go swimming

五、找出下列句中的宾语补足语

1. to read newspapers and books

2.to take the boy

3.difficult

4.Lily

5. get on the bus

六、综合填空

[答案]

1.something

2. meant

3.over

4. change

5.day

6.same

7.only

8.last

9.but

10.found

[解析]这篇短文主要讲述了一个叫做米妮的女孩,她很容易和别人相处,认为自己有很多朋友,但是当自己真正需要朋友帮助的时候

起却一个都没有。

1.句意:有一天,这个10岁的女孩在班上做了坏事,老师叫她"留下来惩罚。这里是形容词修饰不定代词要后置something bad表示一些坏事情;根据下文her teacher told her to "stay as" punishment (惩罚).可知上文是一些坏事情。根据题意,故填something.

2.句意:待在后面意味着做点什么。“有用的" ,比如放学后在花园或图书馆帮忙。mean的意思是"意味着" ,这里是一般过去时态，mean的过去式是meant。根据句意,故填meant。

3.句意:待到最后面意味着做点什么。“有用的" ,比如放学后在花园或图书馆帮忙。be over表示结束;这里是说放学之后。根据句意,故填over。

4.句意:学生可以和其他人一起改变惩罚时间。could+ 动词原形，change动词,改变。故填change。

5.句意:如果你在受罚那天还有别的事情要做，你可以请朋友帮你做。这里是说你受惩罚的那一天,这里用day ,白天,日子。根据句意,故填day。

6.句意:当然，你必须为他做，但必须在同一个月。根据上文If you had something else to do the  5  you were punished, you could ask a friend to do it for you可知下文是必须在同一个月, the same表示相同的。根据句意,故填same。

7.句意:那天下午是米妮在接下来的五年里唯一见到她的机会。only的意思是 “仅仅，只"。故填only。

8.句意:那是一个月的最后一天。根据上文Mini had to find someone else to do it for her. But there was a problem.可知下文是说这个月的最后一天。 the last day最后一天。故填last。

9.句意:当然,没有人直接说不,但每个人都有借口。根据上文Of course, no one said no directly可知下文是表示转折用but.根据句意,故填but。

10.句意:玛莎发现大家都走后她哭了,她让她离开去见姑妈。短语find sb, doing sth.表示发现某人正在做某事。这里是一般过去时态, find的过去式是found.根据句意,故填found。