专题01+阅读理解之细节题+-【查漏补缺】2022年高考英语三轮冲刺过关

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专题01 阅读理解之细节题（解析版）

1.考纲要求：命题人会要求考生阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确寻找所需的细节
2.细节理解题占到阅读理解细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右，是最重要的得分点。

一、思维导图


二、方法点拨
解题步骤


选项特征
做细节理解题时务必要树立回原文定位的意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中的某一处进行定位，然后画出相关语句，并与选项仔细比对，找出正确选项的理由和错误选项的理由。
1.正确选项的特征
(1)同义替换：对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose one’s job换成了be out of work。有时候词性或者语态有所变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important改成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，即主动语态与被动语态的转换。
(2)语言简化：把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。
(3)正话反说：把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。

2.干扰选项的特征
(1)是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。
(2)无中生有，虽然符合常识，但不是文章的内容。
(3)与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。
(4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
(5)部分正确，部分错误。

【示例】　高考真题01
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue，N.Y., today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn.The 8-year-old is the joker of the class.With shining dark eyes，he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s nervous.“I’m here to tell you today why you should...should...” Chris trips on the “-ld，” a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers.His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.“...Vote for...me...”Except for some stumbles，Chris is doing amazingly well.When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion，Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
24.What made Chris nervous?
A.Telling a story. B.Making a speech.
C. Taking a test. D.Answering a question.

分析：Step 1：找词，题干中的关键词为 Chris nervous。
Step 2：定位，查找原文，根据题干关键词直接定位到第一段中的“...today is speech day，and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn.”和“...he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.”。
Step 3：比对，比对原文和选项可知，今天是演讲日，现在轮到了Chris，虽然他看起来像那种喜欢在公共场合讲话的孩子，但是他很紧张。由此可知，演讲使Chris紧张。

[主要类型]
1.直接信息题
解答细节理解的直接信息题时，由于题目普遍较容易，不必通篇细读全文，一般是先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词，即问题的核心信息，再进行信息定位，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，找出相关的句子，得出正确答案。

【示例】　高考真题02
Summer Employment Opportunities (机会)
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program，students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible：Students aged 15 or older.Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
23.Which program favors the disabled?
A.Jobs for Youth.
B.Summer Company.
C.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program.
D.Summer Employment Opportunities.
分析：本题属于直接信息题。根据题干中的关键词disabled，迅速在文中找到最后一段的persons with a disability，通过分析这句话可知，与题干中的the disabled属于典型的同义词替换，故选D项。

2.间接信息题
考查间接信息题时，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。常用方式是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思。因此在做细节理解题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，避免误选答案。命题人主要从以下两个角度命制正确选项。
(1)同义替换
同义替换是指命题人利用同义词或近义词对原文的关键信息进行解释。解题时，同学们应该根据题意，快速跳读全文，找到关键信息，然后在选项中寻找与原文信息最接近的同义词或近义词，这样就可确定正确答案。
(2)归纳信息
归纳信息是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题时经常使用的手段之一。同学们首先应抓住该题所涉及的重要信息去理解、提炼其中的关键信息，可尝试用自己的语言去归纳文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选出和自己所归纳的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。

【示例】　高考真题03
Of the common berries，strawberries are highest in vitamin C，although，because of their seeds，raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白质)，iron and zinc (not that fruits have much protein).Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants (抗氧化物质).The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants.As for cherries (樱桃)，they are so delicious who cares? However，they are rich in vitamin C.
24.What does the author seem to like about cherries?
A.They contain protein.
B.They are high in vitamin A.
C.They have a pleasant taste.
D.They are rich in antioxidants.
分析：选C。本题属于间接信息题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，应该选C项，樱桃很美味。have a pleasant taste与be so delicious表义相同，属于同义替换。

三、高考真题
2022年1月浙江卷
A
For nearly a decade now,Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was born of the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s．The downturn hit the real estate（房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager.The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.One day,while driving near her home,she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home,and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure,but 1,600 miles away.It didn’t take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana,Washington and Oregon,she says proudly.If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming , heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father,she says.He moved their family from Canada to California when she was one year old,because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast,away from her parents,where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30,000 per year before tax.She doesn't work in summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning.As autumn comes,she gets restless the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must handle alone,though.Merebeth says,"When I'm on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals."

21.Why did Merebeth change her job?
A.She wanted to work near her home.
B.She was tired of working in the office.
C.Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D.Her former employer was out of business.

23.What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A.She has chances to see rare animals.
B.She works hard throughout the year.
C.She relies on herself the whole time.
D.She earns a basic and tax-free salary.

第21题 细节事实题。根据文章第一段第三、四句--The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.可知原先公司破厂导致要找份新工作。与D 选项意思一致。故答案选D。

第23题 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数她自己说的话：When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited.可知，当她在路上的时候，就只依靠自己。她总是非常独立。故答案选C。

2021年6月北京卷
I remember the day during our first week of class when we were informed about our semester（学期）project of volunteering at a non-profit organization. When the teacher introduced us to the different organizations that needed our help, my last choice was Operation Iraqi Children (OIC). My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.
Then, an OIC representative gave us some details, which somewhat interested me. After doing some research, I believed that we could really do something for those kids. When I went online to the OIC website, I saw pictures of the Iraqi children. Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望）and need that I joined this project without hesitation. We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible, and make them into kits—one kit, one child.
The most rewarding day for our group was project day, when all the efforts we put into collecting the items finally came together. When I saw the various supplies we had collected, it hit me that every kit we were to build that day would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child. Over the past four months, I had never imagined how I would feel once our project was completed. While making the kits, I realized that I had lost sight of the true meaning behind it. I had only focused on the fact that it was another school project and one I wanted to get a good grade on. When the kits were completed, and ready to be sent overseas, the warm feeling I had was one I would never forget.
In the beginning, I dared myself to make a difference in the life of another person. Now that our project is over, I realize that I have affected not only one life, but ten. With our efforts, ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.
1.How did the author feel about joining the OIC project in the beginning?
A.It would affect his/her initial plans.
B.It would involve traveling overseas.
C.It would not bring him/her a good grade.
D.It would not live up to his/her expectations.

2.What mainly helped the author change his/her attitude toward the project?
A.Images of Iraqi children.
B.Research by his/her classmates.
C.A teacher's introduction.
D.A representative's comments.

3.The author's OIC project group would help ten Iraqi children to           .
A.become OIC volunteers
B.further their education
C.study in foreign countries
D.influence other children

本文是一篇故事类记叙文，主要讲的是作者加入了一个帮助伊拉克儿童的组织(OIC)，开始感到不会达到他/她的期望，后来看到伊拉克儿童的照片，作者毫不犹豫地加入这个项目，并且为这些孩子收集尽可能多的学习用品，帮助他们继续接受教育。

1.细节理解题。根据第一段中的My first impression of the organization was that it was not going to make enough of a difference with the plans I had in mind.（我对这个组织的第一印象是，它不会对我心中的计划产生足够的影响。）可知作者开始感到加入OIC不会达到他/她的期望。故选D。

2细节题。结合第二段中的When I went online to the OIC website, I saw pictures of the Iraqi children. Their faces were so powerful in sending a message of their despair（绝望）and need that I joined this project without hesitation. We decided to collect as many school supplies as possible, and make them into kits—one kit, one child.（当我上网访问伊斯兰会议组织的网站时，我看到了伊拉克儿童的照片。他们的脸是如此有力地传达了他们的绝望和需要，所以我毫不犹豫地加入了这个项目。我们决定收集尽可能多的学习用品，把它们做成套件，—个套件，一个孩子。）可推出伊拉克儿童的形象主要帮助作者改变了对这个项目的态度，结合选项，故选A。

3细节理解题。根据最后一段中的Without efforts, ten young boys and girls will now be able to further their education.（在我们的努力下，10名男孩和女孩现在将能够继续接受教育。）可知作者的OIC项目组将帮助10名伊拉克儿童继续他们的教育，结合选项，故选B。

2021年6月天津卷A篇
When starting college, most students enjoy a week's stay on campus before classes actually begin. What should you do with that time? Below are several tips to ease（使熟悉） yourself into college life.
Participating in Campus Welcome Activities
Most universities host welcome events before the academic year officially begins, including freshmen orientations （迎新会），campus picnics, and entertainments like concerts.
Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture: What do students do for fiin? What are their favorite classes? What is the history of your university? It can help you observe campus life outside the classroom.
Exploring Campus
Getting to know where essential campus resources are—such as the student advising center, psychological services, and the tutoring center~~will make your first few weeks on campus a lot easier, because you won't have to look for them while still getting used to your classes.
Take some time to check out the buildings where your classes will be held. This will prevent you from getting lost in the first few days of classes, and familiarize you with how long it takes to get from place to place. If you're worried about taking classes one after another in different buildings, a quick test run won't hurt. That way, you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes.
Starting a Routine
Before getting too excited about all of the fun things you will be able to do during the week, remember that you do have a pretty big schedule change coming up. Starting classes means being in different places at different times, so it’s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week.
What helps you most is to schedule your sleep. Following the planned time will ensure you have enough sleep to get to those early classes and stay wide awake.
If you have other daily routines, such as exercising or talking on the phone with family, work those into your day-to-day life before classes start so that you get a better idea of how they fit in with your schedule.
36．By participating in campus welcome activities, freshmen can .
A．learn about campus culture
B．get their course schedule
C．have a physical examination
D．take an entrance test
37．Why are freshmen advised to have a quick test run between buildings ?
A．To see how many facilities they can use.
B．To avoid being late for future classes.
C．To help those getting lost on campus.
D．To practice running on their way to class.
38．When is it best for freshmen to start getting used to the new routine?
A．On the first day of their classes.
B．Before the orientation week.
C．After their first-day classes.
D．During the orientation week.

36．
细节理解题。根据Participating in Campus Welcome Activities标题下的第二段中“Participating in such events is a great way to learn about school facilities and understand campus culture:（参加这些活动是了解学校设施和了解校园文化的好方法）”可知，参加欢迎活动可以了解校园文化，故选择A项。
37．
细节理解题。根据Exploring Campus标题下的第二段中“That way, you will avoid potential time delays in getting to your classes.（那样，你将会避免在去上课时可能出现的延误）”可知，快跑测试，可以避免将来上课迟到，故选择B项。
38．
细节理解题。根据Starting a Routine 标题下的第一段“Starting classes means being in different places at different times, so it’s a great idea to start getting used to that routine right this week.（课程开始意味着在不同的时间呆在不同的地方，所以就在这周开始习惯这种常规活动是个好主意）”可知，right this week指的是正式开学前的这一周，也叫orientation week“迎新周” ，故选择D项。


2021年6月新高考2卷B篇
I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time that we had them.
4. Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?
A. To ensure their survival. B. To observe their differences.
C. To teach them life skills. D. To let them play with his kids.
7. Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo?
A. They frightened the children. B. They became difficult to contain.
C. They annoyed the neighbours. D. They started fighting each other.
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home. (在全球范围内，动物园里三分之一的苏门答腊老虎幼崽活不到成年，所以我决定在家里全天候照顾它们)”可知，作者把老虎幼崽带回家是为了确保他们的存活。故选A。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go.(当Spot和Stripe四个月大的时候，他们正在学习如何开门和跳栅栏，我们知道是时候让他们离开了)”可知，作者决定把Spot 和Stripe送回动物园是因为他们变得难以控制。故选B。

2021年6月新高考2卷D篇
An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. He is building a four-wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power. It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals. A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick. Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes. The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass. That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as com and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it's increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle. But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse. Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots. Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft. Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
12. What is a problem with the cattle-raising industry?
A. Soil pollution. B. Lack of workers.
C. Aging machines. D. Low profitability.
13. What will Sukkarieh's robot be able to do?
A. Monitor the quality of grass. B. Cure the diseased cattle.
C. Move cattle to another field. D. Predict weather changes.
14. Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle?
A. He wants to help them earn a living. B. He thinks men can do the job better.
C. He is inexperienced in using robots. D. He enjoys the traditional way of life.
15. How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey?
A. Increase the value of cattle. B. Bring down the cost of labor.
C. Make the job more appealing. D. Keep cattle from being stolen.
【答案】12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛健康状况。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low-tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.（澳大利亚一名教授正在开发一种机器人，用于监测放牧牛的健康状况，这一开发可能会给畜牧业带来重大变化。几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临劳动力短缺的问题。）”可知，畜牧产业面临劳动力短缺的问题。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass.（通过监测草形状、颜色和质地来跟踪草地的质量。）”可知，Sukkarieh的机器人可以监测草的质量。故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But Bonds doesn't believe a robot is right for the job. Years of experience in the industry - and failed attempts to use technology - have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.（但邦兹认为机器人并不适合这份工作。多年的行业经验——以及使用技术的失败尝试——使他确信，检查牛的最好方法是让一名男子骑在马上。）”可知，皮特·邦兹仍然雇佣牛仔看牛是因为他认为人能做得更好。故选B。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft.（俄克拉荷马州养牛人协会副会长迈克尔·凯尔西·帕里斯说，鉴于人们对偷牛的担忧不断上升，机器人可能会非常有用。）”可知，机器人帮助照看牛，可以防止牛被偷。故选D。
2021年6月全国甲卷C篇
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（橫杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: "Safe! Safe! Safe!"  And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear; tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭） among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded（滑） up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances."I was a local here 20 years ago, " I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head."Safe, man. Safe.”
"Yeah, " I said.“Safe."
3.Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A.To join the skateboarding.
B.To make new friends.
C.To learn new tricks.
D.To relieve his childhood days.

3细节理解题。根据题干关键词 "when he returned to London" 定位在原文第四段 "When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. 当我2004年回到伦敦时，我发现自己在南岸漫步，在那里呆了几个小时。" 所以这里是漫步，重温童年时光。故选D项。

2021年3月天津卷B篇
About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard（蜥蜴）was growing dusty. It worried me. I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.
I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst into hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months.
The destruction started three months ago. It was my husband's birthday. He had just lost his job. The uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special.
"Let's make a cake for Dad!" I cried.
My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day. Candles on the cake! Balloons on the walls! Flowers on the table!
Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary（纪录片）series The Last Dance.
The poignancy（酸楚）of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
Humans do not shed skin（蜕皮）as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.
1.What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1?
A.Its tank grew dirty.
B.Its old skin came off.
C.It got a skin disease.
D.It went missing.

2.Why did the author's husband have banana pudding for his birthday?
A.The birthday cake was ruined.
B.The author made good puddings.
C.Pudding was his favorite dessert.
D.They couldn't afford a birthday cake.

3.Why does the author mention The Last Dance in the passage?
A.To prove a theory.
B.To define a concept.
C.To develop the theme.
D.To provide the background.
【解析】
文章大意：这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jordan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后两句 "I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.（第二天早上，我向丈夫和孩子们报告了蜥蜴皮肤上奇怪的表面。几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从水箱里出来，旧皮肤蜕了下来）" 可知，宠物蜥蜴旧的皮肤脱落了。故选：B。
2.细节理解题。根据第六段 "Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf…My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.（就在我丈夫参加另一场工作面试回家前两个小时，我女儿爬到一个高高的架子上，抓起一个玻璃花瓶。它掉下来摔碎在蛋糕旁边。到处都是细小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉时，她大声抽泣。我丈夫生日吃了香蕉布丁）" 可知，作者的丈夫过生日吃了香蕉布丁是因为生日蛋糕毁了。故选：A。
3.细节理解题。。根据倒数第三段 "The poignancy（酸楚）of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. …Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. …Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.（Jordan从心爱的篮球退役，转而打棒球，这是多么令人痛心的事情，是什么促使他做出如此艰难的决定，让我感到惊讶。当我看着他脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后）" 以及最后一段 "Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.（ Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点）" 可推知，作者在文章中提到The Last Dance是为了展开文章关于放手过去，重新开始的主题。故选：C。

2021年3月天津卷D篇
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排除）of others can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into specific fields of expertise（专长）. The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
1.To become a specialist, one may have to           .
A.narrow his range of knowledge
B.avoid responsibilities at work
C.know more about the society
D.broaden his perspective on life

2.The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to           .
A.treasure their freedom
B.travel around the world
C.spend most time working
D.enjoy meeting funny people

3.According to the author, a superior doctor is one who           .
A.is fully aware of his talent and ability
B.is a pure specialist in medicine
C.should love poetry and philosophy
D.brings knowledge of other fields to work

本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。
1.推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二、三句 "This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less. （成为专家需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越多。）" 可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他的知识范围。故选A。
2.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中提到 "Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty…These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, …(有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地工作。…..这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)" 可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作上。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句 "The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.（这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。）" 可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域的知识带到工作中。故选D。
2021年1月浙江卷A篇
More than 25 years ago, Saroo Brierley lived in rural（农村）India. One day, he played with his brother along the rail line and fell asleep. When he woke up and found himself alone, the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him—so he got on.
That train took him a thousand miles across the country to a totally strange city. He lived on the streets' and then in an orphanage （孤儿院）. There, he was adopted by an Australian family and flown to Tasmania.
As he writes in his new book, A Long Way Home, Brierley couldn't help but wonder about his hometown back in India. He remembered landmarks, but since he didn't know his town's name, finding a small neighborhood in a vast country proved to be impossible.
Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program's satellite pictures. In 2011, he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a town's central business district from a bird's-eye view. He thought, "On the right-hand side you should see the three-platform train station"—and there it was. "And on the left-hand side you should see a big fountain"—and there it was. Everything just started to match.
When he stood in front of the house where he grew up as a child, he saw a lady standing in the entrance. "There's something about me, " he thought—and it took him a few seconds but he finally remembered what she used to look like.
In an interview Brierley says, "My mother looked so much shorter than I remembered. But she came forth and walked forward, and I walked forward, and my feelings and tears and the chemical in my brain, you know, it was like a nuclear fusion （核聚变）. I just didn't know what to say, because I never thought seeing my mother would ever come true. And here I am, standing in front of her."
1.Why was Brierley separated from his family about 25 years ago?
A.He got on a train by mistake.
B.He got lost while playing in the street.
C.He was taken away by a foreigner.
D.He was adopted by an Australian family.
2.How did Brierley find his hometown?
A.By analyzing old pictures.
B.By travelling all around India.
C.By studying digital maps.
D.By spreading his story via his book.
3.What does Brierley mainly talk about in the interview?
A.His love for his mother.
B.His reunion with his mother.
C.His long way back home.
D.His memory of his hometown.
【答案】1.A2.C3.B
文章大意：一个走散多年的孩子，重新找回他家庭的故事。
1.细节理解题。关键词25 years ago锁定在第一段When he woke up and found himself alone, the 4-year-old decided his brother might be on the train he saw in front of him—so he got on. 可得他走失的原因是误上了火车。故答案为A。
2.细节理解题。关键词hometown，锁定第四段Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program's satellite pictures. 他找到自己的家乡是通过电子地图的，因此选择C选项。故答案为C。
3.细节理解题。关键词interview，锁定最后一段的文章内容可得在采访中他表达的是和他妈妈重聚时他的感觉。故答案为B。
2021年1月浙江卷B篇
At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark. But he was wrong in one prediction that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight. In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy, Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities（机会）for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a "good", quickly followed by "I'm hungry". This is also my experience as a mother. But Somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school-bus routes（路线）with days of regular, parent-accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning—running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones—but it's certainly worth trying.
1.Why does the author mention Watkins' predictions in the first paragraph?
A.To make comparisons.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To support her argument.
D.To provide examples.
2.What has caused the decrease in Australian children's physical activity?
A.Plain laziness.
B.Health problems.
C.Lack of time.
D.Security concerns.
3.Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile?
A.She can get relaxed after work.
B.She can keep physically fit.
C.She can help with her son's study.
D.She can know her son better.
【答案】1.B2.C3.D
【解析】
文章大意：今天的人们步行数下降。接着分析原因，工作导致时间不够。再者，阐述了这一现象会引起的后果，健康问题以及缺少和孩子沟通的机会。作者最后用自己的例子来说明，和孩子一同步行，能够更了解孩子。
1.写作意图题。文章开篇用Watkins的预言引出本文重点阐述的内容：如今的人们步行数越来越少。分析第一段最后一句But he was wrong … 进行转折，引出主题。再结合下文Today, in Australia … 用数据论证Watkins的其中一个预言错误。故选B。
2.细节理解题。第三段第一句The decline is not because we have all become lazy … 可知并不是因为懒惰而步行数下降。接着后面分析原因Families are pressed for time … 家人们的时间紧迫。故选C。
3.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的倒数第三句But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out.这句话主干是more about my son's day comes out，可知通过每天陪伴孩子步行，就能更了解孩子。故选D。


2021年6月新高考1卷B篇
By day, Robert Titterton is a lawyer. In his spare time though he goes on stage beside pianist Maria Raspopova—not as a musician but as her page turner. "I'm not a trained musician, but I've learnt to read music so I can help Maria in her performance."
Mr Titterton is chairman of the Omega Ensemble but has been the group's official page turner for the past four years. His job is to sit beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score so the musician doesn't have to break the flow of sound by doing it themselves. He said he became just as nervous as those playing instruments on stage.
"A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot, " Mr Titterton explained.
Being a page turner requires plenty of practice. Some pieces of music can go for 40 minutes and require up to 50 page turns, including back turns for repeat passages. Silent onstage communication is key, and each pianist has their own style of "nodding" to indicate a page turn which they need to practise with their page turner.
But like all performances, there are moments when things go wrong. "I was turning the page to get ready for the next page, but the draft wind from the turn caused the spare pages to fall off the stand, " Mr Titterton said. "Luckily I was able to catch them and put them back."
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked her husband to help her out on stage.
"My husband is the worst page turner, " she laughed. "He's interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have to say: 'Turn, turn!'" "Robert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life."
1.What should Titterton be able to do to be a page turner?
A.Read music. B.Play the piano.
C.Sing songs. D.Fix the instruments.

2Which of the following best describes Titterton's job on stage?
A.Boring. B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerous.

3What does Titterton need to practise?
A.Counting the pages.
B.Recognizing the "nodding".
C.Catching falling objects.
D.Performing in his own style.

4Why is Ms Raspopova's husband "the worst page turner" ?
A.He has very poor eyesight.
B.He ignores the audience.
C.He has no interest in music.
D.He forgets to do his job.

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据题干信息be able to do定位到第三段A lot of skills are needed for the job. You have to make sure you don't turn two pages at once and make sure you find the repeats in the music when you have to go back to the right spot.可知，做一名page turner需要能够找到音乐中重复的部分，然后翻回到乐谱正确的地方。因此做一名page turner需要能够读懂音乐。故选A。

2推理判断题。根据题干选项定位到第五段。分析语境可知，他在工作中有时还要处理突发事件，例如会有翻开一页乐谱的风导致其他的乐谱掉落的情况。因此，可以形容这份工作是让人费神费力的。故选C。

3细节理解题。根据题干信息need to practice定位到第四段第一句Being a page turner requires plenty of practice.这句话后面说明了page turner需要能够捕捉到演奏者的点头致意，根据这一信号来翻页，这是需要配合练习的。故选B。

4细节理解题。根据题干信息the worst page turner定位到最后一段。分析可知，说话人的丈夫总是过度沉迷于音乐本身而忘记翻页，以至于她必须告诉他该翻页了。故选D。

2021年6月全国乙卷D篇
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, "That's why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street—so I can focus." His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group—those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a coffee shop—significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise—not too loud and not total silence—may actually improve one's creative thinking ability. The right level of background noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making it impossible to focus. This kind of "distracted focus" appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can't stop ourselves from getting drawn into others' conversations while we're trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
1.Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A.It helps him concentrate.
B.It blocks out background noise.
C.It has a pleasant atmosphere.
D.It encourages face-to-face interactions.

2.Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A.Total silence. B.50 decibels.
C.70 decibels. D.85 decibels.

【解析】1.细节理解题。由第一段第二句"… so I can focus"可知，采访者喜欢在公用工作场所办公，是因为他可以集中精力。故选A。
2细节理解题。由第二段"the participants in the 70 decibels group… significantly outperformed the other groups"可知，在70分贝下采访者的表现最优，说明该环境可以改善创造性思维能力。故选C。

四、综合模拟演练
2022·四川南充·二模
If you enjoy American stories, you’ll have noticed that many of them take place on the road. Many famous American novels are about stories that occur while their characters are traveling along highways. These novels are often celebrations of American life.
Jesmyn Ward’s National Book Award winner Sing, Unburied, Sing is a road novel, but not a celebration. The road journey here is through Mississippi, as an African-American mother and her two children travel to collect her white husband as he’s released from jail.
Neither the mother, Leonie, nor the father, Michael, are ideal parents. Leonie in particular is so full of anger and regret that she takes out her unhappiness on her children, the 13-year-old Jojo and his little sister Kayla.
The telling of the story is divided between various narrators. Jojo, the boy, is the most sympathetic of them. But it is worrying to read about how he experiences the world. Even though he’s young, he’s already experienced the dark side of life. The opening sentence of the book gives a sense of Jojo’s unnatural maturity—“I like to think I know what death is. I like to think that I could look at it straight.”
But who, or what, is to blame for these sad circumstances? For Ward, it’s clearly the past. She admires the work of fellow novelist William Faulkner. When she thinks about the past, she’s of the same mind as him.
Faulkner famously wrote, “The past is never dead. It’s not even past.” At one point, Ward says that her characters are “pulling the past with them.” like a too-heavy trailer(拖车) coupled to the car, as they journey on through Mississippi to the jailhouse. The biggest part of this past, of course, is racism—the remains of slavery—which is always there, and ruining life.
This is probably why The Washington Post listed Sing, Unburied, Sing as one of its 10 choices of 2017’s Best Books. “The misery of this one family is tied to crimes that stretch over decades,” wrote the newspaper.
1．What can we learn about Sing, Unburied, Sing from the text?
A．It was recently adapted as a film.
B．It’s a celebration of American life.
C．It is a story of a road trip through Mississippi.
D．It’s one of 2017’s best-selling American novels.
2．According to the text, the character Jojo .
A．is the main narrator of the novel B．is unusually mature for his age
C．presents less sympathy than others D．is the youngest child in the family
3．What is the root cause of the family’s difficulty according to the text?
A．The unhappy marriage of the parents. B．The experience of being in prison.
C．The lack of financial support. D．The existence of racism.
4．Why is William Faulkner’s line mentioned in the text?
A．To prove Ward shares a similar opinion of the past with him.
B．To show Ward has drawn a lot of inspiration from him.
C．To show Ward is as great a novelist as he is.
D．To compare Ward’s writing style with his.
1．C
2．B
3．D
4．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一部美国公路小说的内容，并解释了作者笔下人物悲惨境遇的原因。
1．
细节理解题。根据第二段 “Jesmyn Ward’s National Book Award winner Sing, Unburied, Sing is a road novel, but not a celebration. The road journey here is through Mississippi, as an African-American mother and her two children travel to collect her white husband as he’s released from jail.(Jesmyn Ward的国家图书奖得主Sing,Unbured,Sing是一部公路小说，但不是一场庆典。这里的公路之旅经过密西西比州，一位非裔美国母亲和她的两个孩子在她的白人丈夫从监狱获释后前往那里接他。)”可知， Sing, Unburied, Sing是一部关于密西西比河公路旅行的故事。故选C。
2．
细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句话“Even though he’s young, he’s already experienced the dark side of life. The opening sentence of the book gives a sense of Jojo’s unnatural maturity—“I like to think I know what death is. I like to think that I could look at it straight.”(尽管他很年轻，但他已经经历了生活的黑暗面。这本书的开头一句话让人感觉到了乔乔非自然的成熟——“我想我知道死亡是什么。我想我可以直视它。”)”可知，经历了很多事情后，Jojo这个角色展现出异于他年龄的成熟。故选B。
3．
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段开头“But who, or what, is to blame for these sad circumstances? For Ward, it’s clearly the past.(但是，谁，或者是什么，应该为这些可悲的情况负责呢？对沃德来说，这显然是过去了。)”及倒数第二段最后一句话“The biggest part of this past, of course, is racism—the remains of slavery—which is always there, and ruining life.(当然，这段历史中最大的一部分是种族主义——奴隶制的残余，它一直存在，并破坏着生活。)”可推知，这个家庭困难的根本原因是种族制度的存在。故选D。
4．
推理判断题。根据第五段关键句“She admires the work of fellow novelist William Faulkner. When she thinks about the past, she’s of the same mind as him.(她很欣赏同为小说家的威廉·福克纳的作品。当她想起过去时，她和他有着同样的想法。)”可推知，文章提到William Faulkner是为了证明Ward对过去的看法和他相似。故选A。


2022·安徽·模拟预测
Some emerging technologies to watch in 2022
Flying electric taxis
Long seen as something of a fantasy, flying taxis are getting serious. Several firms around the world will step up test flights in 2022 with the aim of getting their aircraft certified for commercial use in the following year or two. Joby Aviation, based in California, plans to build more than a dozen of its five-seat vehicles, which have a 150-mile range. Volocopter of Germany aims to provide an air-taxi service at the 2024 Paris Olympics. Other competitors include eHang, Lilium and Vertie Aerospace.
Delivery drones(无人机)
Wing, a sister company of Google, has been doing test deliveries in America, Australia and Finland and will expand its mall-to-home delivery service, launched in late 2021.Dronamics Bulgarian startup, will start using winged drones to shuttle cargo between 39 European airports. The question is: will the pace of drone deliveries go up or drop off? Personalized nutrition
Diets don't work. Evidence is growing that each person's metabolism(新陈代谢)is unique, and food choices should be, too. Enter personalized nutrition: apps that tell you what to eat and when, using machine-learning algorithms, tests of your blood and gut microbiome(菌群), data on lifestyle factors such as exercise, and real-time tracking of blood-sugar levels using coin-sized devices attached to the skin. After successful launches in America, personalized nutrition firms are eyeing other markets in 2022. Some will also seek approval as treatments for conditions such as diabetes and migraine.
5．What is the purpose of some flying taxis companies’ carrying out test flights?
A．To compete for a wider market.
B．To get approved for commercial use.
C．To provide an air-taxi service in 2024.
D．To get more serious about their business.
6．What may be people's concern about delivery drones?
A．The capacity of the drones.
B．The speed of their service.
C．The range of their delivery.
D．The reliability of their technology.
7．Which information is NOT included in the personalized nutrition apps?
A．Data on exercise. B．Blood-sugar levels.
C．The conditions of the skin. D．Test results of the gut microbiome.
5．B
6．B
7．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。短文介绍了2022年值得关注的一些新兴技术。
5．
细节理解题。根据第一段“Several firms around the world will step up lest flights in 2022 with the aim of getting their aircraft certified for commercial use in the following year or two.”（世界各地的几家公司将在2022年加紧飞行，目标是在未来一两年让他们的飞机获得商业使用认证）可知，一些公司计划在2022年进行飞行测试, 目的是获得相关资质投入商业运营，故选B项。
6．
细节理解题。根据第二段“The question is: will the pace of drone deliveries go up or drop off?”（问题是:无人机送货的速度会上升还是下降?）可知，人们对无人机派送存在的疑问是派送的速度是它们服务的速度，故选B项。
7．
细节理解题。根据第三段“Enter personalized nutrition: apps that tell you what to eat and when, using machine-learning algorithms, tests of your blood and gut microbiome(菌群), data on lifestyle factors such as exercise, and real-time tracking of blood-sugar levels using coin-sized devices attached to the skin.”（个性化营养:应用程序通过机器学习算法告诉你吃什么和什么时候吃，检测你的血液和肠道微生物群，收集运动等生活方式因素的数据，并通过附着在皮肤上的硬币大小的设备实时跟踪血糖水平。） 可知提供个性化营养方案的应用会利用血液和肠道菌群检测数据，运动等生活方式因素的数据，以及血糖水平实时追踪信息，没有提及皮肤状态数据，故选C项。

（2022·河北·模拟预测）
Livestream through channels such as Amazon Live and QVC is a popular way to sell goods online. In a session that lasts between 5 and 10 minutes, someone promotes a product. Viewers can then readily buy it by clicking on a link.
Researchers analyzed 99, 451 sales cases on a livestream selling platform and matched them with actual sales cases.
To determine the emotional expression of the salesperson, researchers used two deep learning models: a face detection model and an emotion classification model. The face detection model discovers the presence or absence of a face in a frame of a video stream. The emotion classifier then determines the probability that a face is exhibiting any of the six basic human emotions： happiness, sadness, surprise, anger, fear or disgust.
We wanted to see the effect of emotions expressed at different times in the sales cases, so we counted probabilities for each emotion for all 62 million frames in our database. We then combined these probabilities with other possible aspects that might drive sales —such as price and product characteristics—to judge the effect of emotions…
We found that, perhaps unsurprisingly, when salespeople convey more negative emotions—such as anger and disgust—the volume of sales went down. But we also found that a similar thing happened when the salespeople display high levels of positive emotions, such as happiness or surprise.
A likely explanation, based on our research, is that smile can be disgusting because it lacks true feelings and can reduce trust in the seller. A seller’s happiness may be taken as a sign that the seller is gaining interests at the customer’s expense.
We also found that the negative effects on sales are the strongest when people express emotions in the middle rather than at the beginning or the end of sale. A potential reason for this finding is that the middle is typically when the salesperson offers more details about the product, and it’s likely that viewers are turned off by emotions at this point.
8．What can we know about the livestream selling goods?
A．It challenges the family business.
B．It only helps big company sell goods.
C．It is very convenient for the buyers.
D．It helps the sellers develop fixed expressions.
9．How did the researchers get the findings?
A．By referring to a theory.
B．By concluding different views.
C．By giving some examples.
D．By analyzing previous data.
10．Why do customers dislike seller’s smiles during livestream?
A．They hate seller’s look. B．They prefer complex emotions.
C．They feel cheated. D．They are so tired.
11．What’s the best title for the text?
A．Livestreamers Sell Products Successfully
B．Expressions Affect Selling Products Online
C．Emotions and Faces: What’s the Difference
D．Smiles Can Increase the Sales in Reality
8．C
9．D
10．C
11．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是说一篇明文。文章介绍了网络售货时，主播面部表情对网络销售效果的影响。
8．
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Viewers can then readily buy it by clicking on a link.(观众可以通过点击链接来购买。)”可知，观众可以通过点击链接来购买东西，即网络购物对于消费者而言很方便。故选C。
9．
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Researchers analyzed 99, 451 sales cases on a livestream selling platform and matched them with actual sales cases.(研究人员分析了一个直播销售平台上的99451个销售案例，并将它们与实际销售案例进行了对比。)”及全文可推断，研究人员是通过分析平台销售案例和数据得出结论的。故选D。
10．
推理判断题。根据文章第五段“We found that, perhaps unsurprisingly, when salespeople convey more negative emotions—such as anger and disgust—the volume of sales went down. But we also found that a similar thing happened when the salespeople display high levels of positive emotions, such as happiness or surprise. (我们发现，当销售人员传达更多的负面情绪时——比如愤怒和厌恶——销售额就会下降，这也许并不令人意外。但我们也发现，当销售人员表现出高水平的积极情绪时，比如高兴或惊讶，也会发生类似的事情。)”和第六段“A likely explanation, based on our research, is that smile can be disgusting because it lacks true feelings and can reduce trust in the seller. A seller’s happiness may be taken as a sign that the seller is gaining interests at the customer’s expense.(根据我们的研究，一个可能的解释是，微笑可能很恶心，因为它缺乏真实的感觉，会降低对卖家的信任。销售者的快乐可能被认为是一种迹象，表明销售者正在以顾客的损失为代价获取利益。)”可推断，消费者不喜欢卖家在直播中微笑是因为他们觉得被骗了。故选C。
11．
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“We also found that the negative effects on sales are the strongest when people express emotions in the middle rather than at the beginning or the end of sale. (我们还发现，当人们在销售过程中表达情绪时，对销售的负面影响最大，而不是在销售开始或结束时。)”内及全文可知，文章主要介绍了网络售货时，主播面部表情对网络销售效果的影响！所以“Expressions Affect Selling Products Online(表情影响网上销售)”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B 。

（2022·四川南充·二模）
Chinese traditional painting and dance are two vital parts of the art world. But what about when they meet each other?
This year, a dance drama titled Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting (《只此青绿》) was staged on CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala and went viral.
According to CCTV, this poetic dance program was inspired by the 900-year-old Chinese painting A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains (《千里江山图》). Created by Song Dynasty painter Wang Ximeng at about 18, the painting is amazing in its sweeping size, rich coloration and the expressive details, reported CCTV. It shows a Chinese blue-green landscape: “mountains and groupings of infinite rise and fall between cloudless sky and rippling water”.
When the dancers moved elegantly, audiences seemed to be looking at the moving mountains and rivers. “It brings me a pure experience of beauty. It is not only a drama but also an ‘exhibition’. Vast mountains and rivers are coming to life!” Internet user Mo Weisha wrote in a review. “More than a thousand years later, green mountains and rivers still wow people as they did long ago.”
Some people even decided to watch the dance again when it was staged in the theaters later. In fact, in recent years, more and more modern shows highlight Chinese traditional culture and have received warm welcome. As for why, it is due to people's great love for traditional culture.
“The younger generations have grown up with a more open mindset. They embrace Chinese culture and are proud of it.” Yao Wei, director of Henan TV Station’s Innovation Center, told China Daily.
12．What is the function of paragraph I in the passage?
A．To present a common phenomenon. B．To arouse readers’ interest.
C．To describe the art world. D．To introduce the topic.
13．What can we learn about the painting A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains from the text?
A．It was painted in several bright colors.
B．It shows natural beauty vividly.
C．It was created over a thousand years ago.
D．It is of small size but includes great details.
14．Why are shows about Chinese traditional culture becoming popular according to Yao Wei?
A．People are more open to traditional culture.
B．People are happy to see new forms of art.
C．Chinese culture has been spreading around the world.
D．People have gained more access to traditional culture.
15．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Passion for Chinese Traditional Painting.
B．Art Coming Alive Through Dance.
C．Beauty Presented in Poetic Dance.
D．Highlights in Traditional Chinese Culture.
12．D
13．B
14．A
15．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是说明文。文章以舞剧《只此青绿》为例阐述了近年来，中国传统文化节目越来越受欢迎，因为人们对传统文化更加乐于接受，年轻人为中国传统文化感到自豪。
12．
推理判断题。根据第一段内容“Chinese traditional painting and dance are two vital parts of the art world. But what about when they meet each other? (中国传统绘画和舞蹈是艺术界的两个重要组成部分。但是当它们相遇时会怎么样呢？)”结合第二段内容“This year, a dance drama titled Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting (《只此青绿》) was staged on CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala and went viral.(今年, 一部舞蹈剧《舞蹈诗剧：只此青绿》在中央电视台的春节晚会上上演并且广为传播”)可推断，第一段以问题的形式引出文章的主题，故选D。
13．
推理判断题。根据第三段的“According to CCTV, this poetic dance program was inspired by the 900-year-old Chinese painting A Panorama of Rivers and Mountains (《千里江山图》). Created by Song Dynasty painter Wang Ximeng at about 18, the painting is amazing in its sweeping size, rich coloration and the expressive details, reported CCTV. It shows a Chinese blue-green landscape: ‘mountains and groupings of infinite rise and fall between cloudless sky and rippling water’.”(根据中央电视台，它的灵感来源于有900年历史的中国画《千里江山图》。据央视报道，“这幅画由宋朝画家王锡孟创作，以其巨大的体积、丰富的自然色彩和富于表现力的细节给人留下深刻印象。”它展示了一幅中国蓝绿色的土地图片：群山起伏，在无云的天空和涟漪的水面之间。)可知，《千里江山图》生动地展示了自然美。故选B。
14．
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“‘The younger generations have grown up with a more open mindset. They embrace Chinese culture and are proud of it.’ Yao Wei, director of Henan TV Station’s Innovation Center, told China Daily.(“年轻一代以一种更开放的心态长大。他们欣然接受中国文化，并为此感到自豪。” 河南电视台台长姚伟告诉今日中国。)” 可知，姚伟认为中国传统文化的节目越来越受欢迎，是因为人们更加乐于接受传统文化。故选A。
15．
主旨大意题。第二段内容“This year, a dance drama titled Poetic Dance: The Journey of a Legendary Landscape Painting (《只此青绿》) was staged on CCTV’s Spring Festival Gala and went viral.(今年, 一部舞蹈剧《舞蹈诗剧：只此青绿》在中央电视台的春节晚会上上演并且广为传播”)，第四段的“It brings me a pure experience of beauty.(它给我带来了一种纯粹的美丽体验。)”，倒数第二段的“In fact, in recent years, more and more modern shows highlight Chinese traditional culture and have received warm welcome. As for why, it is due to people's great love for traditional culture.( 事实上，近年来，越来越多的现代节目突出中国传统文化，并受到热烈欢迎。关于为什么，因为人们对传统文化热爱，)”以及最后一段的“‘The younger generations have grown up with a more open mindset. They embrace Chinese culture and are proud of it.’ (“年轻一代以一种更开放的心态长大。他们欣然接受中国文化，并为此感到自豪。”)”可知，文章以舞剧《只此青绿》阐述了中国传统文化节目越来越受欢迎，人们对传统文化更加乐于接受，年轻人为中国传统文化感到自豪。因此推断B项“艺术通过舞蹈活跃起来。”为最佳标题，概况了文章的主旨。故选B。

（2022·河北·模拟预测）
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16．What do we know about Compressa Knee Compression Sleeves?
A．They can reduce blood pressure.
B．They are made of recycled flexible fabric.
C．They are easy to wash after they are used.
D．They won’t slide out of place while worn.
17．How much can you save if you purchase four knee sleeves at a time?
A．45%. B．59%.
C．68%. D．75%.
18．Which of the following is unbelievable to Lisa R about the product?
A．The price. B．The effect.
C．The function. D．The delivery.
16．D
17．C
18．A
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇应用文。文章是一款护膝套筒的促销广告。
16．
细节理解题。根据“◆Flexible, anti-slip& breathable fabric(◆柔软、防滑、透气的面料)”可知，这款护膝套筒是由防滑落的面料制成的，所以不会在穿的时候滑出位置。故选D。
17．
细节理解题。根据Choose Your Package下的表格可知，顾客一次性购买4只护膝套筒，建议零售价是$294.50，而实际只收取$94.24，可节省$200.26，即节省68%。故选C。
18．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“I can’t believe how affordable these sleeves are as compared to everything else I’ve tried before.(我不敢相信这些袖子和我以前试过的其他东西比起来是如此的便宜。)”可知，Lisa认为与她试用过的其他产品相比较，这款产品价格低廉。故选A。

（2022·河南洛阳·二模）
Here I’d like to share some interesting news with you.
Living without electricity
Noplug is a small community in Seoul, South Korea. It hopes they can make a difference by reducing the carbon use. They rely on fuel sources(来源) such as solar and fire to do daily tasks.
Dr Yasuyuki Fujimura visits the community from Japan each month to educate people on how to meet everyday needs without electricity.
A playhouse made of instant noodles
A Chinese made international news headlines after using instant noodles to build a playhouse for his unborn son.
Photos of the unusual playhouse went viral(传播) online quickly after being posted on social media by the builder, a Mr Zhang, who spent four days building the structure out of out-of-date instant noodles which he thought it was a pity to throw away by his friends. The playhouse can accommodate a bed, as well as his unborn son’s toys, featuring windows to let the light in.
Swimming through the sky
Lying over thirty meters above the ground, between two buildings in London, the Sky Pool makes you feel like you’re swimming through the sky.
The outdoor pool offers swimmers breathtaking views of London’s city skyline, floating in the air.
Thanks to modern technology and architectural innovations, the pool can handle the natural movements of the two buildings it connects.
Painting in virtual reality
Talented artist Anna Zhilyaeva, a pioneer in the fields of virtual reality and mixed reality painting, has been pushing the boundaries of painting by combining the centuries-old art form with one of the most advanced technologies of our times—virtual reality.
Using some software and a virtual reality headset, she is able to paint three-dimensional (三维) artworks often referred to as painted sculptures(雕塑).
19．What fuel source does the Noplug community live on?
A．Raw fuel. B．Recycled carbon.
C．Solar and fire. D．Self-produced electricity.
20．What can be inferred about the Sky Pool?
A．It went viral online. B．It is located in Asia.
C．It involves virtual reality. D．It is a creative design.
21．Which news may environmentalists be most interested in?
A．News I and News 2. B．News 3 and News 4.
C．News l and News 3. D．News 2 and News 4.
19．C
20．D
21．A
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四条有趣的消息，分别是Living without electricity（无电生活）、A playhouse made of instant noodles（方便面做的房子）、Swimming through the sky（穿过天空游泳）和Painting in virtual reality（虚拟现实中的绘画）。
19．
细节理解题。根据Living without electricity部分的“They rely on fuel sources(来源) such as solar and fire to do daily tasks.”（它们依靠太阳能和火等燃料来完成日常工作。）可知，Noplug社区的燃料来源是太阳能和火。故选C。
20．
推理判断题。根据Swimming through the sky部分的“Thanks to modern technology and architectural innovations, the pool can handle the natural movements of the two buildings it connects.”（由于现代技术和建筑创新，游泳池可以使用连接两个建筑的自然运动。）可知，Sky Pool的建造使用了现代技术和建筑创新。故选D。
21．
推理判断题。根据Living without electricity部分的“Noplug is a small community in Seoul, South Korea. It hopes they can make a difference by reducing the carbon use. ”（Noplug是韩国首尔的一个小社区。它希望他们能通过减少碳的使用来有所作为。）以及A playhouse made of instant noodles部分的“a Mr Zhang, who spent four days building the structure out of out-of-date instant noodles ”（张先生花了4天时间用过期的方便面建造了这座建筑）可知这些都是有利于保护环境的。所以环保主义者最感兴趣的新闻是Living without electricity和A playhouse made of instant noodles。故选A。

（2022·河南洛阳·二模）
With researchers suggesting that sitting is the new smoking, sit-stand desks (SSD) have become a common tool to interrupt long sitting in an office or classroom environment. As this furniture becomes popular, conflicting opinions have arisen on whether they can work as successfully as they are intended. Dr. April Chambers from the University of Pittsburgh worked with teammates to gather data from 3 studies and published a review article listing present information on the benefits of SSDs.
“There has been a great deal of scientific research about sit-stand desks in the past few years, but we have only scratched the surface of this topic,” said Chambers. I want to gather what we’ve known so far to figure out how we can use these desks to better benefit people in the workplace.
This work was done with Dr. Nancy A．Baker from Tufts University. The review examines the effects of a sit-stand desk in the following aspects: behavior, physiological(生理的), work performance, psychological, discomfort, and posture. Their work showed that using an SSD effectively got participants to sit less and stand more and that the device made users more comfortable at work. However, many frustrations (沮丧) with SSDs came from the physiological outcomes. According to the review, physiological effects were the most studied, but there were no significant results with regards to fatness.
There are many considerations about using an SSD most effectively, such as desk height, monitor height, and the amount of time to stand. Chambers believes that the overall arrangement of the workplace or study place and the amount of work are two factors that should be further studied.
Chambers noted that present research is limited because many of the studies were done with young and healthy subjects who were asked to use the desk for a week or a month at most. Since some of the significant benefits are with heart health or muscle discomfort, it may be beneficial to perform additional studies with middle-aged or overweight workers.
22．The arguments about SSDs mainly lie in .
A．their side effects B．their popularity
C．their practical results D．their original intentions
23．Why did Chambers publish the article?
A．To call on people to stand more. B．To suggest ways to better use SSDs.
C．To contradict the existing opinions. D．To find out the drawbacks of SSDs.
24．What’s the researchers’ attitude to SSDs’ physiological result?
A．Disappointed. B．Content.
C．Positive. D．Indifferent.
25．What needs to be further examined according to Chambers?
A．The height of the desk and the monitor.
B．The time people spend in standing.
C．Behavior and psychological aspects.
D．A broader range of the participants.
22．C
23．B
24．A
25．D
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员表示，久坐相当于吸烟，坐立两用桌(SSD)已经成为办公室或教室中打断长时间坐着的常用工具。匹兹堡大学的April Chambers博士与队友一起收集了3项研究的数据，并发表了一篇综述文章，列出了目前关于SSDs的好处的信息。
22．
细节理解题。根据第一段“As this furniture becomes popular, conflicting opinions have arisen on whether they can work as successfully as they are intended.”（随着这种家具越来越受欢迎，关于它们是否能如预期那样成功，出现了相互矛盾的意见。）可知，关于 SSDs的争论主要在于他们的实践结果如何。故选C。
23．
推理判断题。根据第一段“Dr. April Chambers from the University of Pittsburgh worked with teammates to gather data from 3 studies and published a review article listing present information on the benefits of SSDs.”（匹兹堡大学的April Chambers博士与队友一起收集了3项研究的数据，并发表了一篇综述文章，列出了目前关于 SSDs的好处的信息。）可知，Chambers 发表这篇文章是为了建议更好地使用 SSDs。故选B。
24．
推理判断题。根据第三段“However, many frustrations (沮丧) with SSDs came from the physiological outcomes. According to the review, physiological effects were the most studied, but there were no significant results with regards to fatness.”（然而，许多关于SSDs的挫折来自于生理结果。根据这篇综述，生理影响是研究最多的，但关于肥胖没有显著的结果。）可知，研究人员对SSDs的生理结果持失望的态度。故选A。
25．
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Chambers noted that present research is limited because many of the studies were done with young and healthy subjects who were asked to use the desk for a week or a month at most.”（Chambers 指出，目前的研究是有限的，因为许多研究是在年轻和健康的受试者中进行的，这些受试者被要求使用办公桌一周或最多一个月。）可知，Chambers认为进一步研究需要的是需要更广范围的受试者。故选D。

（2022·辽宁·一模）
Sam is a fourth-year student at Harvard Medical School, but poetry is still a big part of his life, now with a new teacher, Rafael Campo, who believes poetry can benefit every doctor's education and work. Rafael is a physician, professor and a highly respected poet.
“Poetry is in every encounter with my patients. I think healing is really in a very great way about poetry. And if we do anything when we're with our patients, we're really immersing ourselves in their stories, really hearing their voices. And, certainly, that's what a poem does,” he said.
Rafael worries that something important has been lost in medicine and medical education today: humanity, which he finds in poetry. To end that, he leads a weekly reading and writing workshop for medical students and residents.
He thinks medical training focuses too much on distancing the doctor from his or her patients, and poems can help close that gap.
Third-year resident Andrea Schwartz was one of the workshop regulars. She said, “I think there's no other profession other than medicine that produces as many poets as it does. And I think that is because there's just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest.” Not everyone believes that's what doctors should do, though.
Rafael said, “I was afraid of how people might judge me, actually. In the medical profession, as many people know, we must always put the emergency first. But, you know, that kind of treatment, if it's happening in the hospital, very regrettably, sadly, results in a bad outcome. The family is sitting by the bedside. The patient hasn't survived the cancer. Don't we still have a role as healers there?”
In a poem titled “Health”, Rafael writes of the wish to live forever in a world made painless by our incurable joy. He says he will continue teaching students, helping patients and writing poems, his own brand of medicine.
26．Which of the following is true about Rafael Campo?
A．He is a doctor. B．He benefits from education.
C．He is a professional poet. D．He isn’t keen on poetry.
27．What do Rafael’s words in the second Paragraph show?
A．Medical training is significant. B．Poetry has no effects on medical treatment.
C．Poetry is similar to medical work in a sense. D．Patients are closely linked to doctors.
28．Which statement will Andrea Schwartz agree with concerning poetry?
A．It relieves patients' family members. B．It contributes to medical work a lot.
C．It has nothing to do with patients. D．It prevents doctors understanding patients.
29．What will Rafael Campo do to achieve his wish?
A．Assist the students in medical schools. B．Teach those patients in the hospital.
C．Write poems for his medical students. D．Stick to his unique way in the medical field.
26．A
27．C
28．B
29．D
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了众多医学界权威人士觉的诗歌和医学工作有许多共同之处以及诗歌可以为医生提供一个有用的工具。
26．
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Rafael is a physician, professor and a highly respected poet. (拉斐尔是一位医生，教授和备受尊敬的诗人)”可知，Rafael Campo是一名医生。故选A。
27．
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Poetry is in every encounter with my patients. I think healing is really in a very great way about poetry. And if we do anything when we're with our patients, we're really immersing ourselves in their stories, really hearing their voices. And, certainly, that's what a poem does (我和病人的每一次会面都充满了诗意。 我认为治愈是诗歌的一种很棒的方式。当我们和病人在一起的时候，如果我们做任何事情，我们真的会沉浸在他们的故事中，真的会听到他们的声音。当然，这就是诗歌的作用)”可推知，Rafael Campo在第二段所说的话表明诗歌在某种意义上类似于医疗工作。故选C。
28．
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“She said, “I think there's no other profession other than medicine that produces as many poets as it does. And I think that is because there's just so much power in doctors and patients interacting when patients are at their saddest.”(她说：“我认为除了医学，没有其他职业能像它这样培养出如此多的诗人。 我认为，这是因为在病人最悲伤的时候，医生和病人之间的互动有着巨大的力量。” )”可知，Andrea Schwartz会同意B选项“诗歌对医疗工作有很大的贡献”的说法。故选B。
29．
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“He says he will continue teaching students, helping patients and writing poems, his own brand of medicine.(他说，他将继续教学生，帮助病人，写诗，这是他自己的医药品牌)”可知，Rafael Campo会在医学领域坚持自己独特的方式来实现他的愿望。故选D。

（2021·陕西·渭南市临渭区教学研究室二模）
Scientists have shown a new printing process that can turn just about any piece of paper into a waterproof keyboard (防水键盘) that you can fold up and put in your pocket and it doesn't require a power source.
The technique makes use of a special coating that's repellent (排斥的) to liquids and dust, which allows multiple circuit (电路) layers to then be printed on top of the paper without any dirt between the layers. On the other side of the paper, standard ink printing can then be used to point out where the pressure points (the buttons) are, and what they represent. These layers can be printed in any design you want. What's more, no batteries are required to operate the finished keyboard. It's able to be fully powered from the touch of the operator and the mechanical energy that's produced.
“This is the first time a self-powered paper-based electronic device has been shown,” says engineer Ramses Martinez, from Purdue University. When the printed parts of the paper get pressed, they're able to send signals over Bluetooth to another device a laptop, for example. You've then got a lightweight, foldable keyboard that can be taken anywhere and easily wiped clean when needed.
The technology is great. It's good for the environment (the paper can be simply recycled again), and it's flexible — as well as being water-resistant and completely customizable. These paper devices are cheap to produce as well — less than $0.25 each, according to the researchers. Potential uses include smart packaging, or where temporary input devices are required.
“I expect this technology to help the user interact with food packaging checking whether the food is safe to be consumed, or allowing users to sign the package that arrives at home by dragging their fingers over the box to properly identify themselves as the owner of the package,” says Martinez. Additionally, our group showed that simple paper sheets from a notebook can be transformed into music player interfaces (界面) for users to choose songs and play them.
30．What does the keyboard look like according to the text?
A．It consists of several layers of paper.
B．It is printed on both sides of the paper.
C．It is smaller than an ordinary keyboard.
D．It has its buttons hidden behind the layers.
31．How is the keyboard connected to other devices?
A．By giving signals via Bluetooth.
B．By being attached to other devices.
C．By getting any part of the paper pressed.
D．By using the power produced by other devices.
32．What can we infer about the keyboard from the text?
A．It is portable and beautiful.
B．It is convenient and fashionable.
C．It is high-powered and permanent.
D．It is eco-friendly and economical.
33．What do Martinez's words in the last paragraph show?
A．The technology makes food packaging easy.
B．The technology has been used in food industry.
C．The technology can be employed in more fields.
D．The technology will improve the quality of food.
30．B
31．A
32．D
33．C
【解析】
【导语】
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个新的印刷工艺，可以把任何一张纸变成一个防水键盘。这款键盘它既环保又经济。
30．
细节理解题。根据第二段“The technique makes use of a special coating that's repellent (排斥的) to liquids and dust, which allows multiple circuit (电路) layers to then be printed on top of the paper without any dirt between the layers. On the other side of the paper, standard ink printing can then be used to point out where the pressure points (the buttons) are, and what they represent.(这项技术使用了一种特殊的涂层，这种涂层可以防止液体和灰尘进入，这样就可以在纸的上面打印出多个电路层，层与层之间就不会有任何污垢。在纸张的另一面，可以使用标准墨水打印来指出压力点（按钮）的位置以及它们代表的内容)”可知，键盘是被印在纸的两面的。故选B。
31．
细节理解题。根据第三段“When the printed parts of the paper get pressed, they're able to send signals over Bluetooth to another device a laptop, for example.(当纸张的打印部分被压下时，它们能够通过蓝牙向另一个设备发送信号，例如笔记本电脑)”可知，键盘是通过蓝牙发送信号连接到其他设备的。故选A。
32．
推理判断题。根据第四段“It’s good for the environment (the paper can be simply recycled again), and it’s flexible — as well as being water-resistant and completely customizable. These paper devices are cheap to produce as well — less than $0.25 each, according to the researchers.(这对环境有好处（这种纸可以简单地回收利用），而且它很灵活——而且防水，而且完全可以定制。据研究人员称，这些纸质设备的生产成本也很低——每个不到0.25美元)”可推知，这款键盘它既环保又经济。故选D。
33．
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Additionally, our group showed that simple paper sheets from a notebook can be transformed into music player interfaces (界面) for users to choose songs and play them.(此外，我们的团队还表明，笔记本电脑中的简单纸张可以转换成音乐播放器界面，供用户选择歌曲并播放)”可知，Martinez的话表明该技术可以应用于更多领域。故选C。

（2022·江苏南通·二模）
When Narayanswami was invited to a dinner by a friend who worked at Nasa’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, she was excited. Many of the guests flew planes. “I must have expressed some yearning(渴望),”she says, because someone told her “You should join the flying club!” The next day Narayanswami, who was 57 at the time, arranged to meet an instructor. “I said ‘Aren’t I too old?” He said “We’ve got students in their 80s.”
Narayanswami grew up in Southwest London, and at grammar school suffered horrific racist bullying. The library provided shelter. But, as she reached her late teens, she feel family pressure for an arranged marriage; “I really protested,” she says. “But I want to be an astronaut! My mother made a promise.   As long as you are getting an education we will not look for a husband for you.”
Narayanswami studied biology at Leicester University, then did a PhD at St Andrew, followed by postdoctoral research at the University of California. “Every time you move you get further away,” her dad remarked on the phone. “I didn’t feel I would be able t escape unless I did that,” she says.
In 2020, aged 64, Narayanswami finished 423 light hours she needed to earn her pilot's license. Then she applied to Nasa’s astronaut corps, but received a very appreciative rejection. Even now, at 66, she says “I haven't been able to figure out how to deal with it. It doesn’t go away.” The racist bullying she received as a child has cast a very long shadow.
Flying has helped. It is a workout: she has to tow the plane out to the taxiway. And it offers a different perspective. “I can see eagles, bears, mountain lions, birds of prey. I love the beauty of the clouds. They are like hills. Vaster than our hills,” she says.
New possibilities have arisen—Narayanswami chairs the board of the General Aviation Awards in the US—but she finds relaxing difficult. In light, she is part of a huge network of people who are communicating by radio frequency. There is no sense of skin colour. We are all tied together by our voices.
34．How did the instructor’s words sound to Narayanswami?
A．Disappointing. B．Embarrassing.
C．Annoying. D．Encouraging.
35．What does the,underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Accepting an aged marriage. B．Receiving an education.
C．Keeping a distance. D．Making a promise:
36．What does Narayanswami think of Nasa's rejection?
A．It indicates prejudice against her. B．It ruins her childhood memory.
C．It raises concern for her age. D．It leaves room for negotiation.
37．What does flying bring to Narayanswami?
A．A good way of relaxation. B．A different dimension of life.
C．A rich knowledge of wild lie. D．A full exhibition of leadership.
34．D
35．B
36．A
37．B
【解析】
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了纳拉扬斯瓦米从57岁开始学习飞行的故事。
34．
推理判断题。根据第一段中“The next day Narayanswami, who was 57at the time, arranged to meet an instructor. I said “Aren’t I too old?”He said “We've got students in their 80s.”（第二天，当时57岁的纳拉扬斯瓦米安排见了一位教练。我说“我不会太老了吗？”他说“我们有80多岁的学生。”）”可知，纳拉扬斯瓦米本来还是有些担心自己年龄太大了，听到教练的话，是比较令人鼓舞的，故选择D项。
35．
词句猜测题。根据第二段中“My mother made a promise.As long as you are getting an education we will not look for a husband for you.（我母亲答应了只要你接受教育，我们就不会为你找丈夫。）”及第三段中“Narayanswami studied biology at Leicester University, then did a PhD at St Andrew, followed by postdoctoral research at the University of California（纳拉扬斯瓦米在莱斯特大学学习生物学，然后在圣安得烈大学获得博士学位，随后在加利福尼亚大学进行博士后研究。）”可知，此处that的指代的是上文中提到的接受教育能帮助她摆脱包办婚姻，故选择B项。
36．
推理判断题。根据第四段“Even now, at 66,she says: “I haven't been able to figure out how to deal with it. It doesn’t go away.”The racist bullying she received as a child has cast a very long shadow.（即使到了现在，66岁的她说：“我还不知道如何应对，这种感觉挥之不去。”她小时候受到的种族主义欺凌给她留下了很深阴影。）”可知，纳拉扬斯瓦米认为美国宇航局的拒绝是出于对她的偏见，故选择A项，
37．
推理判断题。根据第五段中“And it offers a different perspective. “I can see eagles, bears, mountain lions, birds of prey. I love the beauty of the clouds. They are like hills. Vaster than our hills,” she says.（它提供了一个不同的视角。她说：“我能看到鹰、熊、山狮、猛禽。我喜欢云朵的美丽。它们像山一样。比我们的山还要广阔。”）”可知，飞行给她带来了生活的另一种维度，故选择B项。