北师大版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 3 CelebrationsLesson 2 Special Occasions教案配套课件ppt

Grammar ——被动语态

探究发现

①Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family.

②The house was cleaned from top to bottom.

③Fireworks were being let off across the city.

④The spirit of the festival — the spirit of family — has largely been kept.

⑤Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents.

[我的发现]

1．被动语态一般由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。

2．助动词 be 本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。

一、语法图解

二、语法突破

1．概念

语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。

2．构成

被动语态一般由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。助动词 be 本身无词义，但有人称、数和时态的变化。

The boy is often heard to play the piano.

人们经常听到这个男孩弹钢琴。(一般现在时)

She was seen to enter the hall.

有人看见她进了大厅。(一般过去时)

A new house will be built by us next year.

明年我们要建一栋新房子。(一般将来时)

The problem is being discussed at the meeting.

会议上正在讨论这个问题。(现在进行时)

A meeting was being held when I got there.

我到那儿时，正在开会。(过去进行时)

All these flowers have been watered.

这些花都浇过了。(现在完成时)

The building had been completed before I arrived.

在我去之前那座建筑就已竣工了。(过去完成时)

These books may be kept for two weeks.

这些书可以借两周。(含情态动词)

[名师点津]　“get＋过去分词”构成被动语态

这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果，动作的执行者一般不指出来。

It is said that the singer got hurt on her way back home.

据说那位歌手在回家的路上受伤了。

[即时演练1]　单句语法填空/补全句子

①The room was_being_cleaned (clean) by him at nine yesterday morning.

②—So what is the procedure?

—All the applicants are_interviewed (interview) before a final decision is made by the authority.

③The boy was_punished (punish) by his teacher at school.

④So far, most of the infected people have_been_cured (cure)．

⑤—Hi, Li Ping.Can I use your computer for a while this afternoon?

—Sorry.It is_being_repaired (repair)．

⑥Experiments of this kind had_been_conducted (conduct) in both the US and Europe well before the Second World War.

⑦The flowers should be_watered (water) every two days.

⑧Music and songs will_be_published (publish) and concerts and festivals will_be_organised (organise) in three months.

⑨More than ten passengers got_injured in the accident.

在事故中，十多位乘客受伤。

⑩The dancers only have two minutes to get_changed.

舞蹈演员们换服装的时间仅有两分钟。

3．基本用法

(1)讲话者不知道动作的执行者或不必说出动作的执行者。(这时可省略by短语)

His wallet was stolen last night.

昨晚他的钱包被偷了。

(2)借助被动的动作突出动作的承受者。

The bike was knocked down by a car.

这辆自行车被一辆车撞倒了。

(3)为使句子更加合理、流畅。

The plan was supported by those who wished to live on the campus.

这个计划得到了那些希望住在校内的人的支持。

(4)习惯用法的需要。

这类词常见的有born, determine, devote, seat, dress, situate等。

He was born in China in 2014.

他2014年在中国出生。

[即时演练2]　单句语法填空

①Our school is_situated (situate) in the center of the city.

②It is said that their house was_broken (break) into last night.

③Most of the trees have_been_cut (cut) down by those who are eager to become rich.

④All the students were_inspired by the inspiring speech.(inspire)

4．特殊用法

(1)连系动词prove，look, sound, feel, smell, taste, seem, appear, get, grow, keep等可用主动形式表示被动含义。

She proves very patient and warm­hearted.

她被证明很有耐心而且很热心。

The whole story sounded very odd.

整个故事听起来很古怪。

The dish tasted very good.

这道菜尝起来很不错。

(2)表示主语的内在特征、性质或状态的动词，如drive, lock, sell, read, wash 等，常用主动形式表示被动含义。

These clothes wash easily.

这些衣服很容易洗。

The door won't lock.

这扇门锁不上。(指门本身有毛病)

The door won't be locked.

这扇门不会被锁上的。(指不会有人来锁门)

(3)不定式作定语，与前面被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系，且不定式的逻辑主语为主句的主语时，不定式用主动形示式表示被动含义。

I have a lot of work to do.

我有许多工作要做。

(4)不定式修饰作表语和宾语补足语的形容词时，如difficult, easy, comfortable, convenient, hard, cheap, expensive等，不定式用主动形式表示被动含义。

Those signs are hard to see clearly.

那些标志很难看清楚。

I find the question difficult to answer.

我发现这个问题很难回答。

(5)动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，相当于动词不定式的被动式。这类词有need, want, require, deserve等。

The problem requires studying with great care.

＝The problem requires to be studied with great care.

这个问题需要仔细研究。

(6)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin, finish, start, open, close, stop, end, run, move等。

The shop closes at 6 o'clock pm every day.

这家商店每天下午六点关门。

(7)不及物动词无被动语态，容易出错的词有：appear, die, disappear, end, fail, fall, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, stand等。

Three days later a rash appeared.

三天后出现了皮疹。

The weather won't last.

这种天气持续不了多久。

Very little of the house remained after the fire.

火灾之后，这座房子所剩无几。

(8)有些短语不能用于被动语态：如agree with, arrive at, succeed in, happen to, take part in, belong to, break out, come true, take place, run out, come up, come out等。

[即时演练3]　单句语法填空

①The meeting will_start (start) at nine tomorrow.

②Whether we can have a holiday remains (remain) unknown.

③This kind of shoes washes easily, so my son's shoes are_washed twice a week.(wash)

维度一　基础题型练

用所给动词的适当形式填空

1．—Have you moved to your new house?

—Not yet.It is_being_decorated (decorate) now.

2．It's a custom in China to have some tea or other drinks before the meal is_served (serve)．

3．Come and look.What has_happened (happen) to the flowers?

4．Great changes have_taken (take) place in China in the past 10 years.

5．I have a letter to_write (write)．I can't go out with you.

6．This kind of apples sell (sell) well, because of good quality.

7．Hurry up! There is no time to get changed (change)．

8．As a result of the serious flood, two thirds of the buildings in the area need repairing/to_be_repaired (repair)．

9．In the last few years thousands of films have_been_produced (produce) all over the world.

10．The negotiations have_been_conducted (conduct) in a positive manner.

维度二　语法与写作

补全句子

1．Sweet dumplings are_boiled_and_served in hot water.

元宵用水煮熟，并随热汤一起吃。

2．In the old days, dragon boat races were_organised only by Chinese people.

在古代，只有中国人举行龙舟比赛。

3．We've had a good start, but next, more work needs_to_be_done to achieve the final success.

我们已经有了一个好的开端，但是为实现最后的胜利，接下来还有很多的工作要做。

4．Owing to his hard work, his dream has_come_true.

由于他努力工作，他的梦想已经实现了。

5．The old couple have_been_married for fifty years.

这对老夫妇已经结婚五十年了。

维度三　语段练习

用括号内单词的适当形式填空

The Mid­Autumn Festival is a traditional festival with a long history.It 1.is_celebrated_(celebrate) on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month.Before it, good preparations 2.are_made (make)．For example, mooncakes as well as other delicious dishes 3.are_prepared (prepare)．On the evening of this day, people have a family gathering, eating mooncakes, enjoying the moon and watching wonderful programs on TV.So people have a good time on this special day.I believe this traditional festival 4.will_be_kept (keep) forever.