人教版新目标高一必修一教案：非谓语动词

这是一份英语必修1&2必修1本册综合教案设计，共30页。教案主要包含了不定式的逻辑主语，不带t的动词不定式，不定式的句法功能，不定式的复合结构，动名词(ding)，动词和名词的双重属性，动名词的复合结构，动名词的句法功能等内容，欢迎下载使用。









谓语动词：在句子中充当谓语的动词。

【概念】
非谓语动词：在句子中充当除谓语以外句子成分的动词。
动词

【思考】一个单句可以有几个谓语动词？（有且只有一个谓语动词—）
1.She got off the bus, left her handbag on her seat. ×
2.She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.√
3.She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.√
非谓语动词的使用条件：
一个单句中，已经存在一个谓语动词,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。
The teachers sitting there are from other schools.
Swimming in Summer, we can get cool.
I want him to see you.
一山不能容二虎，除非一公和一母

非谓语动词
动词不定式
动名词
分词
现在分词/过去分词


动词不定式(to do)
The boy wants to cut class in the afternoon. （带宾语和状语）
He hoped to have passed that math exam. （完成式）
The thief happened to be caught by the police. （被动式）
不定式的时态和语态变化：

一般式表示动词不定式的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或前后发生。
The man is learning to drive. （同时发生）
He learns to make a speech in public. （前后发生）
进行式表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，而且本身的动作正在进行。
He is likely to be telling a lie to his mother.
When the teacher came in, he pretended to be reading the book.
不定式完成式表示的动作先于谓语动词动作之前发生。
His parents are proud to have been seeing their son's achievements these years.

不定式被动式表示不定式和逻辑主语之间构成动宾或者被动关系。
To be punished makes him very ashamed and sad.
Nobody wants to be fooled by others.
The book is to be published.
The meeting to be held this afternoon is cancelled.
He arrived at the station, only to be told the train had left.
People ask measures to be taken right away.

【不定式的逻辑主语】
A.如果逻辑主语是动词不定式动作执行者，不定式用主动式；
如果逻辑主语是动作的承受者，不定式用被动式。
Our boss asked me to finish the task.
Our boss asked the task to be finished.
B.在“名词(代词)+be+easy(difficult/fit)+不定式”结构中，尽管主语是动作的承受者，两者构成逻辑上的动宾关系，即被动关系，形式上却用主动形式。
The problem is difficult to solve.
This puzzle is easy to guess.
The man is hard to get along with.
C.在there be存在句中用不定式的主动语态和被动语态均可。
There is a lot of homework to do.
There is a lot of homework to be done.
There are many files to arrange.
There are many files to be arranged.
D.have sth to do“有…要做”，逻辑主语为自己；
have sth done“要别人做”逻辑主语为别人，动作已经完成；
have sth to be done“要别人帮自己做”，逻辑主语为别人，动作还没发生。
I have a lot of work to do.
I have my hair cut.
I'm going to the post office. Do you have any letter to be posted?

【不带to的动词不定式】
A.当两个或两个以上不定式并列时，从第二个不定式开始往往省略不定符号to，以避免重复。
He planned to pay a visit to shanghai and stay there for several days.
It's a little difficult to understand, explain and solve the problem.
B.在使役动词及感官类动词后，常用不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：let, make, have, hear, listen to, see, watch, observe, notice等。
My mother has me clean the floor.
I noticed the thief escape from the shop.
C.在固定词组：had better, would rather…(than), connot but, can't choose but, can't help but, may/might(just) as well, do nothing except(but)等结构中。
You'd better take an umbrella with you.
I would rather die than give in.
She can't choose but wait for the next bus.
You may just as well turn to your teacher for some help.
I have nothing to do but watch TV.

【不定式的句法功能】
【作主语】
动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正主语不定式后置。
To win a medal is a great honor.
=It is a great honor to win a medal.
To have finished the papers makes him free.
=It makes him free to have finished the papers.
For him to say sorry is out of the question.
How to study English is of great importance.
【作表语】
1.表示目的、用途。
The knife is to cut things.
To live is to make contributions to our country.
2.表示“计划、打算、安排、命令、决定、禁止”等含义。
We are to pay a visit to Yellow Mountain next week.
Everyone is to remain after the meeting.
You are to come to class ahead of time.
People are not to pick flowers in the park.
【作宾语】
1.下列动词常跟不定式作宾语：agree, decide, mean, want, expect, refuse, choose, fail, determine, hope, long, wish, desire, plan, learn, offer, attempt, seek, intend, tend, claim, pretend, manage, promise, afford等。
I want to go back now.
She expects to go to college earlier.
Jim offers to help the girl with her math.
2.动词feel, think, find, believe, consider等动词后如果跟不定式作宾语而且补足语是形容词（或名词）时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的不定式宾语后置。
I find it difficult to communicate with the foreigners.
He thinks it possible to catch the first bus.
I considered it a pity to miss that wonderful lecture.
People believe it a hard job to get used to the environment.
【作定语】
1.动词不定式与其所修饰的词之间往往有动宾关系。如果不定式为不及物动词其后应有介词。
The boy asks a piece of cake to eat.
He has a comfortable flat to live in.
She is a good girl to make friends with.
I have a big bag to travel with.
2.不定式用在there be存在句中作后置定语。
There are many dishes for my mother to wash.
There is an important issue to discuss in the meeting.
3.由常跟不定式的动词或形容词派生而来的名词也常跟不定式作后置定语。
I had the ability to operate the machine.
He came to his final decision to attend this exam.
I hope my wish to become an expert can come true.
4.the first, the second, the last, the best, the only等序数词及最高级形容词在句中充当被修饰词或作定语时，后用不定式作后置定语。
He is always the first to arrive.
The man is the last person to leave the meeting.
He is the only man to disagree to the plan.
【作补语】
My mother asks me to pick up my grandpa.
He encourages me to make great efforts to study.
The man warned me not to provoke the tiger.
I was told to leave right away.
The girl was reminded to get changed.
【作状语】
a.表示目的
不定式作目的状语时，其动作发生在谓语动词动作之后，一般放在放在句子后面，表示强调时，也可位于句首。前面可以加上in order或so as，in order to do可位于句首或句中，而so as to do只能位于句中。不定式作状语时不能用not to do，必须用in order not to do或so as not to do。
I come here to see my sick aunt.
In order to make progress we must spare no pains.
We must spare no pains so as to (in order to) make progress.
In order not to miss the train, he got up early.
He got up early so as not to miss the train.
b.表示结果
不定式常表示出乎意料的结果，常同only, never连用。
He came back only to find the room broken into.
The man went to his office only to be told he had been dismissed.
The professor went abroad never to come back.
C.表示原因
不定式常跟在一些形容词或过去分词后，说明产生某种情绪的原因。
I'm glad to see you.
He felt very sad to hear of the bad news.
d.表示条件
动词不定式也可表示条件，一般置于句首，否定不定式表示条件时多置于句尾，相当于if引导的条件状语从句，谓语常含有will, shall, would, should, may, might, can, could, must等。
To see her, you will love her.
(=If you see her)
You will make progress to study hard.
(=If you study hard)
To disobey traffic rules, you would be done a fine. (=If you didn't obey the traffic rules)
You will solve it to get help from him.
(=If you get help from him)
e.表示态度
作评注状语，在句中作独立成分。常见的有：to tell the truth, to be true, sad to say, strange to say, to make a long story short, truth to say, to be plain/frank, to be brief, to be exact, to be honest, to sum up, to start/begin with, to conclude, to say nothing of, to put it straight, to make matters worse等。
To make matters worse, it stormed.
To tell the truth, this is a bad method.
To say the least of it, he is a happy boy.
Strange to say, the thief dared to break in where somebody was at home.

【不定式的复合结构】
for/of+逻辑主语+to do
It is easy for you to work out the plan.
It is very kind of you to help me.
I find it difficult for the little boy to raise the box.
What he meant was for you to make the final decision.
On the desk is a Chinese-English dictionary for you to refer to.
I gave her a map for her to find the way.
1. John was made____ the truck for a week as a punishment.
A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing
2. I _____you off yesterday, but I did n’t have time.
A. hope to have been B. hope to see
C. hoped to have seen D. hoped to see
3. I ___him a favor several days ago.
A. promise to do B. promise to have done
C. promised to do D. promised to have done
4. I am glad ___by him yesterday.
A. not to be seen B. to not have been seen
C. not to have been seen D. to not be seen
5. I am sorry not ____it to you soon.
A. mailed B. mailing C. to have mailed D. have mailed
6. Mr White was seen _____the Palace Museum .
A. enter B. to enter C. entered D. to have entered
7. I had rather ____him today than tomorrow.
A. seen B. see C. saw D. to see
8. he would rather stay at home than ______out with you.
A. go B. to go C. going D. goes
9. She cannot help ______ when she heard the bad news.
A. burst into tears B. bursting into tears
C. to burst into tears D. to burst out tears
10. Would you be ______ to do me a favor, please?
A. so kind as B. too kind C. as kind as D. enough kind
11. The play_____ next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture.
A. produced B. being produced
C. to be produced D. having been produced
12. Now we could not to do anything but ____for him here.
A. wait B. waiting C. to wait D. waited
13. The lost child desired nothing but _____ home.
A. to go B. going C. went D. go
14. The teacher told the pupils to stand in row and _____loudly.
A. not call out B. not to call out C. to not called out D. not called out
15. Your chest needs____. You’d better have it_____ in the hospital.
A. to be examined; examine B. to be examined; examined
C. examining; examine D. being examined; examined
16. --- Go to the cinema with me, will you?
--- I should like ____, but I don’t have time.
A. to B. too C. to do D. going
17. ---How about going for a swim this Sunday?
--- _____ very much.
A. I’ll like it B. I’d like it C. I’ll like to D. I’d like to
18. You _____stay here till your father comes to take you back.
A. had better B. had better to C. would rather D. would rather to
19. She pretended_____ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
20. ---Which do you like better, reading or writing?
--- I like to read but I would rather______.
A. write B. to write C. writing D. in writing
21. I meant____ you with your homework but father did n’t permit me to.
A. to help B. to have helped C. helping D. having helped
22. To learn to speak English well, ____.
A. much practice is needed B. one needs much practice
C. much practice is needed by one D. one is needed much practice
23. Tom kept quiet about the accident_____ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
24. Last summer I took a course on_____.
A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses to be made
25. With the world changing fast, we have something new _______with all by ourselves every day.
A. deal B. dealt C. to deal D. dealing
26. --- The maid is coming today.
--- Please have her____ the windows in my room.
A. washed B. to washing C. washing D. wash
27. His doctor has forbidden him _____beer until his condition improves enough to stop taking medicine.
A. from drinking B. to drink C. drunk D. dink
28. ---- I’m sorry. Were you speaking to me ?
---- Yes, I was. Would you please _____in this room?
A. not to smoke B. not smoke C. no smoking D. no smoke
29. I spoke to him kindly_____ him.
A. not to frighten B. so as not to frighten
C. in order to not frighten D. for not frightening
30. --- Will you go home tomorrow evening?
--- No, I am going to a lecture, or at least, I am planning ____.
A. on B. to C. it D. so
31. That beggar seems _____ anything yesterday.
A. not to have eaten B. not to eat C. did n’t eat D. to not have eaten
32. --- Tomorrow is a holiday! Why are you doing your homework?
--- I am doing this exercise now so that I won’t have ____ on Sunday.
A. for B. them C. it D. to
33. --- I thought you had planned to practice the piano today.
--- I did nothing but ____ letters all day.
A. write B. to write C. wrote D. writing
34. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ____on a big rock by the side of the path.
A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest
35. --- I hear that you and Francis will spend your vacation in Nepal next spring.
--- Yes, we’re planning____.
A. to B. to be C. it D. to do it
36. With all her friends and money gone, she really didn’t know _____.
A. how to do B. what to do C. which to do D. when to do
37. I felt it an honor ____to speak here.
A. to ask B. to asking C. to be asked D. having asked
38. We all think it most foolish_____ this mistake.
A. for you to make B. of you to make
C. of your making D. for your making
39. --- I don’t understand that sentence.
--- Let’s get Tom ___that sentence again.
A. explain B. to explain D. explained D. explaining
40. To play fair is as important as _____.
A. to play well B. play well C. we play well D. playing well
41. My dad promised to buy a new car and ___it.
A. that he would let me drive
B. to let me drive
C. that I would let him to drive
D. promised to let me drive
42. --- I wish I could buy one of those beautiful dogs.
--- I’m afraid they would n’t allow ____ in the hotel.
A. you keeping it B. that you keep it
C. you to keep it D. you keep it
43. He spoke in such a big high voice ___at the farther end of the room.
A. as to be heard B. to be heard
C. as to hear D. to hear

【动名词(doing)】
【动词和名词的双重属性】
动名词的动词特征和作用主要表现在可以带宾语、状语或表语。
Eating an apple every day can keep the doctor away.（带宾语）
Climbing high is very dangerous.（带状语）
The boy's aim is becoming a doctor one day in the future.（带表语）
动名词的名词特征主要表现在在句中可充当主语和宾语，还可以受形容词、代词和名词修饰。
Taking a walk outside is comfortable. （作主语）
Please stop making noise. （作宾语）
Tom's being late for school angered his teacher. （形容词修饰）
I think of that being a right answer. （代词修饰）
What do you think of Tom joining the army? （名词修饰）

【动名词的时态和语态变化】

A动名词的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时或前后发生。
He is trying opening the door.（同时发生）
He is thinking of buying a car.（以后发生）
B动名词完成式所表示的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。
Everyone likes being praised.
He is proud of having been admitted to a key university.
C动名词在want, require, need, deserve, bear, stand等表示 “需要、值得、忍受、该受”等动词后面时，常用主动形式表被动意义，相当于to be done。
The bike needs repairing. (=to be repaired)
The house wants decorating. (=to be decorated)
The hero deserves praising. (=to be praised)

【动名词的复合结构】
逻辑主语是有生命的人时，用名词所有格构成复合结构。
（作主语时，其逻辑主语只能用所有格；若作宾语，逻辑主语可用所有格，也可用通格。）
逻辑主语是无生命的名词或抽象概念时，只用通格。
Tom's getting the first prize makes his family very happy.
Her studying hard is known to all of us.
Do you mind me (my) opening the window?
The teacher hates us (our) making noise in the class.
I like coffee being served with milk.

【动名词的句法功能】
A作主语
动名词作主语表示习惯性、经常性的动作。
Lying is a bad habit.
Talking with others with mouths full is impolite.
当point, use, good, fun, nice, tiring, worth, worthwhile名词或形容词作表语时，可用it作形式主语，把真正的动名词主语后置。
It's no point arguing with him.
It's no use (good) taking that medicine.
It's worth (worthwhile) reading the novel.
B作表语
动名词作表语表示习惯性、经常性的动作。
My task is directing other workers in the factory.
The most suitable way to prevent the air pollution is calling on people to do their part.
His worry is being dismissed by his company.
C作宾语
动名词可以作动词宾语或者介词宾语，常跟动名词作宾语的及物动词有：permit, allow, admit, enjoy, like, love, appreciate, hate, resent, fancy, stand, bear, avoid, escape, consider, delay, deny, finish, forgive, keep, miss, require, imagine, mind, practise, prohibit, forbid, ban, reject, recommend, suggest, advise, risk, stop, resist等。
Don't imagine getting a piece of cake from the sky.
The wise man enjoys taking good suggestions from others.
We should practice speaking English everyday as much as possible.
The park bans smoking.
He can't stand being laughed.
D作定语
动名词作定语时，动名词表示该名词的用途。
“动名词+名词”结构相当于“名词+for+动名词”结构。
a swimming pool=a pool for swimming
a bathing suit=a suit for bathing
a dining car=a car for dining
drinking water=water for drinking
E作状语
动名词单独不能做状语，但放在介词后面，构成介词短语则可作状语，用以表示时间、原因、目的、让步、方式等。
After having breakfast, he went to school.（时间）
He was scolded for beating the little boy.（原因）
He left early with the intention of seeing his uncle off.（目的）
You can find the way by turning to the policeman for help.（方式）
For all his making great efforts, he failed at last.（让步）
精选习题（动名词）
1．Don't you remember ____ ？（MET1981）
      A．seeing the man before   B．to see the man before
C．saw the man before    D．to have been seeing the man before
2．Would you mind ____ your radio a little，please？（MET1982）
A．turn off     B．turning off
C．to turn down D．turning down
3．People couldn't help ____ the foolish emperor in the procession．（MET1983）
A．laugh at    B．to laugh at
C．laughing at D．laughing on
4．Do you remember ____ me at a party last year？（MET1984）
A．meet          B．to meet
C．meeting      D．met
5．Only one of these books is ____ ．（MET1986）
A．worth to read B．worth being read
C．worth of reading D．worth reading
6．The squirrel was lucky that it just missed_____．（MET1987）
A．catching      B．to be caught
C．being caught  D．to catch
7．I don't regret ____ even if it might have upset her．（MET1988）
A．to tell her what I thought
B．to have told her that I thought
C．telling what I thought
D．telling her what I thought
8．—What do you think of the book？
   —Oh，excellent．It's worth ____ a second time．（MET1989）
A．to read B．to be read
C．reading D．being read
9．I can hardly imagine Peter ____ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days．（MET 1991）
A．sail        B．to sail
C．sailing     D．to have sailed
10．____，I went to the railway station to see my friend off．（NMET1991）
A．After eating quickly my dinner
B．After my quickly eating dinner
C．After eating my dinner quickly
D．After eating my quickly dinner
11．I would appreciate ____ back this afternoon．（MET1992）
A．you to call      B．you call
C．your calling   D．you're calling
12．____is a good form of exercise for both young and old．（NMET 1992）
A．The walk      B．Walking
C．To walk       D．Walk
13．How about the two of us ____ a walk down the garden？（MET1993）
A．to take      B．take     
C．taking     D．to be taking
14．One learns a language by making mistakes and ____ them．（2001北京、内蒙古、安徽春招）
A．correct      B．correcting
C．corrects     D．to correct
15．After much ____the shop owner agreed to cut down the price by 20％．
（2002上海春招）
A．debating        B．talking
C．discussing     D．bargaining
16．—How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers？
    —The key ____ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers．（2002北京高考）
A．to solving；making   B．to solving；made
C．to solve；making    D．to solve；made
17． ____to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin．（2002上海高考）
A．Exposed    B．Having exposed
C．Being exposed   D．After being exposed
18. It took the workmen only two hours to finish ________ my car.
A. repairing   B. repair  
C. to repair   D. repaired
19. It’s no good ________ over split milk.
 A. to cry    B. crying      C. cried     D. cry
20. Have you forgotten ___________$1000 from me last month?   Will you please remember _________ it tomorrow?
A. borrowing; to bring  B. to borrow; bring
C. borrowed; bringing   D. borrowing; bringing
21. The classroom wants __________.
A. clean   B. cleaned   C. to clean   D. cleaning
22. Jack said that he wouldn't mind ___________ for us.
A. to wait     B. wait    C. waiting     D. waited
23 My brother keeps _________ me with my work.
A. to help   B.help    C. helping    D. helped
24. We should often practise _________ English with each other.
A. to speak   B. spoke     C. speak         D. speaking
25. Keep on _________ and you will succeed.
 A. a try     B. try       C. triing          D. trying
26. His parents insist on ____________ to college.
A. he should go B. he go
C. his going D. him to go
27. The story was so funny that we ___________.
A. Could n’t help laugh B. can’t but laugh
C. couldn't help laughing D. Could n’t help but to laugh
28. How much time did you spend __________ the text?
A. copying B. to copy  
C .in copy D. on copying
29. I ________see you without ________ your mother.
A. never; thinking of  B. never; thinking about
C. not; thinks of      D. don't; think about
30.Though it sounds a bit too dear(昂贵),it is worth _________.
A. being bought  B. buying
C. to buy D. buying it
31. The novel is well _________.
A. worth to read   B.worth being read
C.worthy to read   D.worthy of being read
32. The farmers were busy __________ cotton.
A.to pick    B.picking    C.with picking D.pick
33. He devoted his life to __________ the atomic theory.
 A.study B.be studied   C.studying    D.have studied
34. We are both looking forward to __________ next week.
A.going on vocation(休假)   B.go on vocation
C.be going on vocation       D.have gone on vocation
35. You must pay attention to _________ the works of LuXun.
A.read     B.reading   C.reader     D.be read
36. He was praised for _________ thirty years of touching.
A.complete B.he completed
C.having completed D.to have been completed
37. You should work tonight instead of __________ TV.
A.to watch B.you watching
C.you watch D.watching
38. Besides __________, she is kind and tender.
A.beautiful      B.being beautiful
C.she beautiful    D.is beautiful
39. What about _________ to the concert with us?
A.we go B.we going C.going   D.to go
40.__________ clean is a safeguard against disease.
A. To be keeping   B. Kept  C.Keep    D.Keeping
41. Seeing is _________.
A.to believe B.believing C.believed D.being believed
42. The heart keeps __________ all the time.
A.to beat B.beating
C.beaten D.to have been beating
43.The microscope is used for _______minute(微小的) objects.
A.examining    B.being examed
C.examined     D.examine
44. It is no use ________ without thorough _____________.
A. to read; understood B.reading; understanding
C.to read; understand D.read; to understand
45.Many people enjoy ____________ majiang(麻将).
A.playing   B.playing the
C.to play D.to play the
46. I am sorry for _________ you so much trouble.
A.giving   B.given   C.having given   D.to given
47. Some foods are eaten without ____________.
A.well absorbing   B.being well absorbed
C.absorbing   D.well absorbed
48.Articles(物品) used by patients must be disinfected(消毒) before ___________ others.
A.using     B.being used by  
C.used by   D.being using
49. Mike has got used _________ up late at night. (stay up)
A.to sit    B.X       C.to sitting   D.sitting
50. Once the heart stops __________, death follows at once.
A. beating   B.to beat    C.being beaten D.to be beating
51. Mr Taylor went on _________ in spite of illness.
 A.to work   B.worked    C.working    D.to be working
52. We are now busy _________ for the examination.
A.to prepare B.preparing   C.prepared    D.being prepared
53. I am looking forward __________ from you soon.
 A.to hear    B.of hearing   C.hearing    D.to hearing
54. I remembered ________ this person somewhere before.
A.seeing    B.having been seen C.seen D.to see
55. I regret __________ that to her.
A.having said B.to have said    C.to say   D.X
56.The patient must be separated to avoid _______ others.
A.being infected B.infecting C.to infect   D.infected
57. After operation the patient's condition, far from ________, became   worse than before.
A. improving B.being improved
C.having been improved D.improved
58. The child thanked the passer-by for _________ his life.
A.saving        B.being saved
C.having saved   D.having been saved
59. Madame Curie was well-known for _____two Nobel Prizes.
A.winning   B.being won
C.being winning    D.having won
60. This X-ray machine needs _____.
A.repairing B.to repair
C.repaired D.being repaired


不定式VS动名词

【分词(doing/done)】
分词具有动词的特征，决定了分词可带状语、宾语等；
分词具有形容词特征，因而在句中可作定语、表语及宾语补足语；
分词具有副词的特征，在句中可充当状语。
Going down town, I called on my uncle.
The man driving that car is our director.
That is an interesting book.
The boy is excited.
What made you so disappointed?
Being ill, I didn't go to school.
United, we stand; divided, we fall.

【现在分词的时态和语态变化】

Opening the door, he heard the telephone ringing.（同时发生）
The man repairing the car is a worker.（正在进行）
Having passed the test, he didn't feel nervous at all.（先发生）
The paper being finished is an English one.（正在进行）
Having been hurt in an accident, he drove more carefully.（先发生）
现在分词VS过去分词


the rising sun正在升起的太阳 the risen sun升起了的太阳
developing countries发展中国家 developed countries发达国家
the falling leaves纷纷飘落的叶子 the fallen leaves落了的叶子
boiling water正在沸腾的水 boiled water煮沸的水，开水

A过去分词作前置定语既可以表示已完成的被动动作（动词为及物动词），也可以表示已完成的主动动作（动词为不及物动词）。
主动动作（已完成） 被动动作（已完成）
retired worker退休工人 wounded soldier受伤士兵
escaped prisoner逃犯 improved condition改善了的环境
departed relatives离去的亲人 fried eggs煎鸡蛋
withered flowers枯萎的花 lost boy丢失的男孩
dated style过时的样式 smoken fish熏鱼

B.及物动词的过去分词作定语，表示被动动作已完成，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句；
不及物动词的过去分词作定语表示主动动作已完成，相当于一个完成式的定语从句。
the smoken fish=the fish that is/has been smoken
canned food=food that is canned
a escaped prisoner=a prisoner that has escaped
a retired teacher=a teacher that has retired

分词的句法功能
A.作定语
单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后，但完成式的现在分词短语不能用作定语。
A baking dog seldom bites.
A little children learning to walk often falls.
The man painting the wall is my father.
Her job is to take care of the wounded soldier.
Some of them born and brought up in rural villages never see a train.
being done 正在被……
to be done 将要被……
done 已经被……
The meeting being held (which is being held) is very important.
Will you attend the meeting to be held (which is to be held) tomorrow?
The meeting held (which is held) yesterday is very successful.
B.作表语
分词作表语时，现在分词表示主语所具有的特征；
过去分词作表语表示主语的状态或状况。
The words are encouraging.
The story is very interesting.
The girl is very charming.
Don't touch the electric wire because it is broken.
C.作宾语补足语
1感官类动词后的分词宾补, 常见的有：see, notice, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, smell, find等。
I saw the boy playing with his toy.
Can you hear somebody singing upstairs?
I smell something burning.
She found the factory renovated.
He saw the criminal caught by the police.
When I returned, I found my room broken into.
2使役动词后的分词宾补,常见的有：have, set, catch, make, get, keep, leave, send等。
Please have the machine going.
I won't have you talking to your mother in such a rude way.
His lecture gets me thinking of my old parents.
His father caught him smoking secretly in the corner.
The teacher's arrival sends us stopping speaking.
The story leaves me recalling my childhood.
I want to have my room painted.
He spoke so loudly in order to make himself heard.
3作宾语补足语的分词，如果表示正在进行的被动动作，用being done表示。
He saw the sick old woman being taken to the hospital.
When the boy woke up, he found himself being looked after by a kind lady.
D.作状语
1.作时间状语时，相当于when引导的时间状语从句。
Walking down the street, I ran into my old friend.
(When I walked down the street, I ran into my old friend.)
Climbing to the top of the hill, we saw a beautiful view.
(When we climbed to the top the hill, we saw a beautiful view.)
He cut himself while shaving.
When doing housework, she heard somebody knocking at the door.
2.作原因状语相当于as, since, because引导的从句。
Being sick, I stayed at home.
(Because I was sick, I stayed at home.)
Living in the country, we had few social engagements.
(As we lived in the country, we had few social engagements.)
A bit frightened, he went back.
(Because he was frightened, he went back.)
There being no buses, he walked back.
(Because there were no buses, he walked back.)
3.作方式或伴随状况状语时，不能用状语从句替换，但可以改成and连接的两个并列句。
They sat watching the TV program.
(=They sat and watched the TV program.)
He ran to school breathing heavily.
(=He ran to school and breathed heavily.)
The teacher came in, followed by two students.
(=The teacher came in and was followed by two students.)
4.作条件状语，相当于if, unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Studying hard, you will make great progress.
(=If you study hard, you will make great progress.)
Given another chance, I'll succeed.
(=If I am given another chance, I'll succeed.)
Seen in this way, the matter is not so serious.
(=If the matter is seen in this way, the matter isn't so serious.)
5.作结果状语，并有逗号同前面句子隔开，表示“于是、所以、因而”等，其结果是自然而言的结果。
It rained heavily, causing serious flooding in this country.
The glass fell on the floor, coming into pieces.
The middle-age man died, leaving his wife and three children.
6.作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。
Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.
(Though they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage.)
Making great efforts, he failed in the exam finally.
(Though he made great efforts, he failed in the exam finally.)
Laughed at by others, he makes his own way.
(Though he is laughed at by others, he makes his own way.)

分词的逻辑主语
1.分词作定语的逻辑主语就是它所修饰的词。
an interesting story=a story that interests its readers
a rolling stone=a stone that rolls
the fallen leaves=the leaves that have fallen
the canned food=the food that is canned
2.分词作状语时，所表示的动作应该是句中主语所执行或承受的动作,即分词的逻辑主语都是句子的主语。
Seen from the top of the hill, he had a good view of the whole village.（误）
Seen from the top of the hill, the village looks more beautiful.（正）
Seeing from the top of the hill, he had a good view of the whole village. （正）
Seeing from the top of the hill, the village looks more beautiful. （误）
When taking the medicine, you must read the directions of it. （正）
When taking the medicine, the directions of it must be read. （误）
【注意】作评注性状语修饰全句时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致。
Judging from his face, he must be over sixty.
Generally speaking, boys are not so quiet as girls.

现在分词vs动名词
























分词 精选习题
1. The old farmer,________ the badly-injured and wounded soldier, came out of the burning house, ________for help.
A. supporting; calling     　
B. supported by; called
C. being supported by; called      
D. being supporting; called
2. ----Oh, it’s already a quarter past six. What shall we do at the meeting this evening?
　----We’ll go on with the matter________ this afternoon.
A. be discussed　  B. being discussing　 
C. discussed     D. which discussed
3. The brave man died,________ his young wife nothing but a________ cottage.
A. left; breaking　  B. leaving; broken   
C. left; broken　  D. to leave; breaking
4. ________hard before, Tom is afraid of failing in the exam.
A. Having been worked    B. Not to have worked  　
C. Having never worked　  D. Never having worked
5.________the exam, the boy was punished by his father.
A. No passing　  B. Having passed  　
C. Not passing      D. Not having passed
6. Time________, I can have done it better.
A. permit    B. be permitted    
C. permitting     D. to permit
7.________, the boy couldn’t enter his house.
A. Since the key has lost　  B. The key been lost    
C. Lost the key 　 D. Having lost the key
8. ________into many languages, the story is well known all over the world now.
A. Being translated　 B. Having translated 　
C. To be translated　 D. Having been translated
9. ________for the terrible accident, as the public thought, the mayor felt nervous and was at a loss what to do.
A. Having blamed    B. To blame   
C. Being to be blame    D. Being to blame
10. ________from heart trouble for years, Professor White has to take some medicine with him wherever he goes.
A. Suffered    B. To suffer    
C. Having suffered     D. Being suffered
11. ________from what he said, he must be the thief who has stolen the car.
A. Judging    B. Judged   
C. To judge    D. Judge
12. ________with fright, a hungry fox hid himself in a small cave, ________his tail to the rain.
A. Trembling; exposing　
B. Trembled; exposed　
C. Trembled; exposing　
D. Trembling; exposed
13. Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou________.
A. including     B. being including    
C. to include     D. included
14. ----Who were those people with the flags?
　 -----A group________ itself the League of Peace.
A. calls    B. calling   
C. called     D. being called
15. We slept with the light________ all night long last night.
A. burnt     B. to burn    
C. being burnt      D. burning
16. The situation is more ________than ever. I’m ________about what to do next.
A. puzzled; puzzled     B. puzzling; puzzling　  
C. puzzling; puzzled    D. puzzled; puzzling
17. When________ that it was getting late, I put off the light and went to bed.
A. find     B. finding    
C. found       D. to find
18. When I was passing by, I saw them _________ basketball on the playground.
A. play B. to play
C. playing D. played
19. Tell the children ________ there not to make so much noise.
A. Play B. playing
C. to play D. played
20. ________ a deep breath, they dived into the lake.
A. Taken B. Taking
C. To take D. Took
21. _________ from his look, he is a kind man.
A. Judging B. Being judged
C. To judge D. Judge
22. The boy’s body was covered with a national flag, _______.
A. left his face exposed
B. to have his face exposing
C. leaving his face exposing
D. leaving his face exposed
23. European football is played in 80 countries, ________ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes
C. made D. to make
24. When I got back home, I saw a message pinned to the door ________ “Sorry to miss you. I will call you later.”
A. read B. reads
C. to read D. reading
25. He sent me an E-mail, _________ to get further information.
A. Hoped B. hoping
C. to hope D. hope
26. _________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering
C. To suffer D. Suffered
27. I'm going to have my car .
A. to be fixed B. to fix
C. fixed D. to fix
28. What's the language in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken
C. be spoken D. to speak
29. some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.
A. Followed B. Followed by
C. Being followed D. having been followed by
30. Most of the people to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited B. to invite
C. being invited D. inviting
31. more attention, the trees could have grown better.
A. Given B. To give
C. Giving D. Having given
32. The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind his back.
A. being tied B. having tied
C. to be tied D. tied
33. The computer center, ____________ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening
C. having opened D. opened
34. in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A. Losing B. Having lost
C. Lost D. To lose
35. The Olympic Games, in 776BC, didn't include women players until 1912.
A. first played B. to be first played
C. first playing D. to be first played
36. Don't get in the rain.
A. to be caught B. catching
C. to catch D. caught
37. I found a car in a pool by the side of the road.
A. to be stuck B. stuck
C. sticking D. stick
38. ——By the way, when did you get your bedroom ?
——Last week.
A. to paint B. painted
C. painting D. to be painted
39. The children were found in the cave.
A. trapping B. trapped
C. to be trapped D. be trapped
40. They found a old woman on the ground when the door was broken down.
A. dying, lying B. dead, lied
C. death, laying D. died, lain
41. On a morning the little girl was found at the corner of the street.
A. freezing, freezing B. freezing, frozen
C. frozen, frozen D. frozen, freezing
42. from space, the earth, with water seventy percent of its surface, looks like a blue ball.
A. Seen, covered B. Seen, covering
C. Seeing, covering D. Seeing, covered
43. An crowd is awaiting the arrival of the film star.
A. excited B. exciting
C. excite D. excitedly
44. The building _______ by him is under construction.
A.to be designed B.designed
C.being designed D.to have designed
45. My hair is too long, so I’d like to have it ________.
A. cut B. to cut
C. cutting D. cutted
46. When I returned home, I was surprised to find all the windows of my house _________.
A. open B. to have opened
C. opening D. opened
47. When Mathilde was on her way home, she suddenly found her necklace _______.
A. missed B. missing
C. losing D. lost
48. We were very excited to watch the national flag ______ in the blue sky.
A. risen B. to be risen
C. raising D. rising
49. Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions ________?
A. taking B. take
C. taken D. to take
50. Michael’s new house is like a huge palace, ________ with his old
one.
A. comparing B. compares
C. to compare D. compared
非谓语动词总结
1、非谓语动词的共同点：
1.非谓语有三种形式：动名词、分词、不定式；
2.非谓语不能作谓语，但具备动词特征；
3.非谓语的否定形式都是在非谓语之前加not;
4.非谓语都可以有自己的主语；
5.非谓语的完成式都发生于谓语动词之前；
6.非谓语的三种形式都可以作定语和表语。
★ 非谓语动词解题步骤
成
分
形
式

主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√


分词


√
√
√
√
辨别“谓与非谓”；找逻辑主语；分析语态；分析时态
★ 总结为12字方针：
谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态
2、非谓语动词的成分：


3、非谓语动词的时态、语态
形式
语态
主动态
被动态
不定式
一般式
to do
to be done
动名词
doing
being done
现在分词
doing
being done
不定式
完成式
to have done
to have been done
动名词
having done
having been done
现在分词
having done
having been done

4、非谓语动词自己的主语

不定式
逻辑主语
for sb
to do
of sb
　
A动名词
逻辑主语
形容词性物主代词
my
doing
人称代词宾格
me
名词所有格
Tom's
名词普通格
Tom
　
分词
独立主格
人称代词主格
I
doing/done
Tom

四、精选习题
（一）Exercises in groups
1.I saw him_______ out of the room.
A. go B. had gone C. has gone D. goes
2.The island,_______ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.
A. joining B. join C. joined D. have joined
3.____from the top of the tower, our school is beautiful.
____from the top of the tower, we can see our school is beautiful.
A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see
4.10 北京，21）______at my classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked
5.(2010 浙江卷 8)The experiment shows that proper amounts, if ______ regularly, can improve our health.
A. being carried out B. carrying out
C. carried out D. to carry out
6(10 湖南，21)Listen! Do you hear someone ______ for help?
A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating
7(2009 浙江卷 7) There is a great deal of evidence _______that music activities engage different parts of the brain.
A.Indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicating
8.---LiMing is said____abroad. Do you know what Country he studied in? ______
Do you know what Country he will study in?______
Do you know what Country he studies in?_______
----yes,In London.
A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying
9.(2009山东卷22)We are invited to a party_______in our club next Friday.
A.to be held B.held C.being held D.holding
10.(09安徽，28)The play_______next month aims mainly to refect the local culture.
A．produced B.being produced C.to be produce D.having been produced
(二)Compete.
1.Most of the artists_______to the party were from South Africa.
A.invited B.to invite C.has been invited D.had been invited
2.Tsinghua University, _______in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
A.found B.founding C.founded D.have founded
3.(11湖南，23)The players_______from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer games.
A.selecting B.to select C.selected D.having selected
4.(2010北京卷25) I’m calling to enquire about the position_______in yesterday’s China Daily
A.advertised B.to be advertised C.advertising D.having advertised
5.(2010全国I卷27).Mrs.white showed her students some old maps_______from the library.
A.to borrow B.to be borrowed C.borrowed D.borrowing
6.(2003北京春招)—why did you go back to the shop?
----I left my friend_______there.
A.waiting B.to wait C.wait D.waits
(三)Test:self-assessment.
1.(2010陕西卷19)His first book_______next month is based on a true story.
A.published B.to be published C.to be published D.being published
2.(2012届四川德阳一次诊断)With the couple________in a nearby town,the house seems pretty empty most of the time.
A.work B.to work C.working D.worked
3.（2012浙江温州高三温州第一学期期末八校联考）John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work________,he gladly accepted it.
A.finished B.finishing C.having finished D.was finished
4.（2012金华十校期末）With so many things_______,I have to work late into the night.
A.to deal with B.dealt with C.dealing with D.being dealt with
5.If the building project_______by the end of this month is delayed,the construction company will be fined.
A.to be complete B.is completed C.being completed D.complete
6.All fights______because of the snow-storm,many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
A.were canceled B.having been canceled
C.had been canceled D.have been canceled
7.---What made the teacher so angry?
---_________late again.
A.Tom’s being B.Because Tom was C.Tom was D.Tom being
8.(2012九江一模)I noticed my little son______the words_______on his small blackboard.
A.read;writing B.reading;writing C.to read;written D.read;written
9.(湖北黄州区一中模拟三)An old lady came_______to the bus stop only_______the bus had gone.
A.to run;to find B.running;to find C.and ran;finding D.running;finding
10.（湖南衡阳八中第一次月考）Thunderstorms have stuck northern China,_______heavy rain and_______traffic chaos.
A.brought,caused B.bring,causing
C.having brought,having caused D.to bring,to cause
11(2007.全国卷I)-----The last one______pays the meal.
------Agreed!
A.arrived B.arrives C.to arrive D.arriving
12.We hurried all the way to airport,only______that the flight had been called off because of the foggy weather.
A.being told B.to be told C.having told D.to have been told
13(NMET,23)________in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him..
A.Losing B.Having lost C.Lost D.To lose
Answers:（不定式）
1----5 ACcCC 6----10 BBABA 11----15 CAABB 16----20 ADAAA
21----25 BBBAC 26----30 DBBBBB 31----35 ADACA
36---40 BCBBA 41----45 BCADB 46----50 ABACD 51----54 ABBB
Answers:（动名词）
1—5ADCCD 6—10CD CCC 11—15CBCBD 16—20BCABA
21--25DCCDD 26--30CCAAB 31--35DB CAB
36--40CDBCD 41—45 BBABA 46—50 CBBCA
51--55CBDAA 56--60BACDA
Answers:(分词)
01-05.ACBCD 06-10.CDDDC 11-15.AADBD 16-20.CBCBB
21-25.ADADB 26-30.ACBBA 31-35.ADDCA 36-40.DBBBA
41-45.BBABA 46-50.ABDCD
Answers:(综合)
（一）1.A 2.C 3.AB 4.A 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.ABC 9.A 10.C
(二) 1—6 ACCACA
(三) 1—5 BCAAA 6—13 BADBB CBC