初中英语八大时态讲解+经典例题

这是一份初中英语八大时态讲解+经典例题，共35页。试卷主要包含了 表示现在瞬间的动作， 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别， 易错点辨析等内容，欢迎下载使用。


1
一般现在时
标志：动词原形
1. 表示经常性或习惯性动作，常与表频度的时间状语连用：
She ften speaks English.
I leave hme fr schl at 7 every mrning.
2. 表示现在的状态、特征、职业、能力、感觉等：
He seems t feel a bit dwn tday.
He wrks as a driver.
3. 表示真理、客观存在、科学事实或用于格言警句中：
Shanghai lies in the east f China.
Clumbus prved that the earth is rund.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
4. 表示现在瞬间的动作：
Here cmes the bus!
5. 表示将来1) 表按规定、计划、安排将要发生的动作（仅限于某些表示“来、去、动、停、开始、结束、继续”等的趋向动词），可以与表示未来的时间状语搭配使用。常见的用法是：飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通状况。如：
The next train leaves at 3 ’clck this afternn.
Hw ften des the shuttle bus run?
2) 在时间和条件状语从句中常使用一般现在时表示将来发生的事情：
When Bill cmes (不用will cme), ask him t wait fr me.
I shall g there tmrrw unless I’m t busy.
2
一般过去时
标志：动词过去式
*闭音节：元音字母a, e, i, , u如果发字母本来的音则称为开音节，否则称为闭音节。
1. 表示过去某时所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用（e.g. yesterday, this mrning, just nw, a mment ag, in May, last night / year / week, nce upn a time, the ther day, befre …, when …, in the past等）。如：
Jim rang yu just nw.
Liu Ying was in America last year.
2. 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，特别是used t d表达的句型，本身表示的就是过去常常。如：
When I was a kid, I ften played ftball in the street.
She used t visit her mther nce a week.
*注意区分sb. used t d sth.（某人过去常常做某事，此处t是动词不定式标志符号）和sb. be used t sth./ding sth.（某人习惯于某物/做某事，此处t是介词）。
3. 代替一般现在时，表示一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气。此用法仅适用于少数动词（如want, hpe, wnder, think, intend等）及情态动词culd, wuld。如：
I wndered if yu culd have a wrd with me.
I hped yu culd help me with my English.
Wuld yu mind my sitting here?
4. 虚拟语气中用一般过去时表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。常用句型有：
It is time that sb. did sth. “某人该做某事了”
wuld rather sb. did sth. “宁愿某人做某事”
3
一般将来时
标志：will / shall + 动词原形
1. 表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态，通常与表示将来的时间状语连用（e.g. tmrrw, next week, in the future等）。如：
We shall have a lt f rain next mnth.
My husband will cme back in a few days.
2. 表示倾向性和习惯性：
Fish will die withut water.
When it gets warmer, the snw will start t melt.
3. 一般将来时的几种句式结构辨析：1) will / shall + 动词原形多用于表达主观愿望或必定会发生的事情（“将会如何”）*shall作助动词时一般只用于第一人称
2) be ging t + 动词原形表示即将发生或打算要做的事：
It is ging t rain.
We are ging t have a meeting tday.
3) be t + 动词原形表示按计划或安排即将要发生的动作：
He is t visit Japan next year.
We are t discuss the reprt n Mnday.
4) be abut t + 动词原形表示即将发生的动作，意为“马上要做某事”，后面一般不跟时间状语，如：
The plane is abut t start.
Dn’t wrry. I am abut t make a clse examinatin n yu.
4
现在进行时
标志：be + 动词的现在分词
1. 表示说话时正在进行的动作：
She is writing a letter upstairs.
Wh are yu waiting fr?
It is raining hard.
2. 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作（说话时动作未必正在进行）：
I hear Mr. Green is writing anther nvel.
3. 表示反复出现或习惯性的动作，往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪，通常与always, cnstantly, cntinually, frever等频度副词连用。如：
Jhn is frever asking silly questins like a stupid.
He is always thinking f thers first.
4. 表示将来
1) 表示按计划、安排将要发生的动作，仅适用于部分趋向动词（如g, cme, leave, start, arrive等）。如：
Uncle Wang is cming.
They're leaving fr Beijing.
2) 在时间和条件状语从句中，现在进行时表示将来某时正在发生的事情。如：
Please drp in when yu are passing my way.
If he is still sleeping, dn’t wake him up.
5
过去进行时
标志：was / were + 动词的现在分词
1. 表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作，过去进行时中常用的时间状语有the whle mrning, all day yesterday, frm January t March last year等。如：
I was having a talk with Lucy at that time.
They were watching TV at hme last night.
2. 表示过去反复出现或习惯性的动作，往往包含说话者赞扬、责备、厌恶等情绪，通常与always, cnstantly, cntinually, frever等频度副词连用。如：
My brther was always lsing his keys.
3. 表示按计划、安排过去某时刻将要发生的动作，仅适用于部分趋向动词（如g, cme, leave, start, arrive等）。如：
He said they were leaving fr Beijing this afternn.
4. 过去进行时有一个主要用法就是描述一件事情发生的背景（一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生）：
Granny fell asleep when she was reading.
It was raining when they left the statin.
6
现在完成时
标志：have / has + 动词的过去分词
1. 表示一个过去发生并已完成的动作对现在产生影响或结果，强调的是现在的状况（表示“已完成”）。如：
He has left the city. （结果：他目前不在这个城市）
Smene has brken the windw. （结果：窗户破了）
2. 表示一个动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也可能还会继续持续下去（表示“未完成”）。
I have been busy since last week.
He has taught in ur schl fr 30 years.
I’ve finished half s far.
注意 瞬间动词通常是不能用现在完成时表持续性的，但其否定结构则可以。如：
She hasn’t seen yu fr ages.
His father hasn’t tuched beer fr a whle week.
3. 表示过去到现在为止反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态，常与表示频度的副词always, ften, every day等连用。如：
I have ften heard that he is the cleverest persn in that cmpany.
4. 在时间和条件状语从句中，现在完成时表示将来某时完成的动作。如：
I’ll g t yur hme when I have finished my hmewrk.
If it has stpped snwing in the mrning, we’ll g the park.
5. 与现在完成时连用的常见词语能与现在完成时连用的词语很多，just, already, yet, befre, never, ever, recently等，但常见的有：
1) since 自从
I have been there many times since the war.
We haven’t seen each ther since last week.
We have been friends ever since.
2) in / fr / during the past/last … years 在过去/最近…中
I’ve been ill fr the past three weeks.
Great changes have take place in the last ten years.
I have been here (fr) the last/past mnth.
3) s far 到目前为止
We haven’t had any truble s far.
S far the search fr the missing middle-aged wman has been fruitless.
4) up t/until nw 到现在为止
Up t nw he’s been quiet.
Up t nw, the wrk has been easy.
I have heard nthing frm him up till nw.
Up till nw we have planted ver 2000 trees.
5) It is/will be the first/secnd … time that … 这是第一/二…次…
It’s the first time (that) I’ve been here.
It will be the first time (that) I’ve spken in public.
It is the secnd time (that) I have met him tday.
6) This is + 形容词最高级 + that … 这是最…
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
6. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1) 现在完成时强调对现在的影响和结果，与现在有联系；而一般过去时强调这个动作发生的时间是在过去，不涉及对现在的影响。如：
I have seen this film. （我已经看过了这部电影）
I saw this film yesterday. （我是昨天看的这部电影）
2) 现在完成时常与模糊的时间状语连用（如fr, since, s far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up t nw, always等），或者干脆没有时间状语；而一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用（如yesterday, last night, …ag, in 1980, in February等）。
3) 现在完成时表示持续时一般使用延续性动词（如live, teach, wrk, knw等）；而一般过去时常使用瞬间动词（如begin, buy, die, marry等）。如：
He has lived in Hangzhu since last spring.
My grandfather bught the car five years ag.
7. 易错点辨析
1) 考生容易把一些瞬间动词用现在完成时表达，这是错误的。如：
(×) He has died fr tw years. 他死了两年了。
(√) He has been dead fr tw years.
(√) He died tw years ag.
(×) The film has begun fr 10 minutes. 电影开演十分钟了。
(√) The film has been n fr 10 minutes.
(√) The film began 10 minutes ag.
(×) She has married fr three years. 她结婚有三年了。
(√) She has been married fr three years.
(√) She married Mike three years ag.
2) 考生不懂如何区分have been t和have gne t，尽管两者均可后接地点，但have been t表示去过某地（现在已经回来了），have gne t表示到某地去了（现在还没回来）。如：
She has been t Paris (three times).
She has gne t Paris.
7
过去完成时
标志：had + 动词的过去分词
1. 表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经发生的动作或已经存在的状态。如：
By the end f last week he had finished the wrk.
He had left when I arrived.
2. 表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。如：
We had nt seen each ther since I left Beijing.
The film had been n fr 5 minutes when I gt t the cinema.
3. 某些表意向的动词（如intend, think, plan, expect, hpe等）的过去完成时表示主语未曾实现的愿望、希望、打算。如：
I had intended t visit yu last night, but smene called and I culdn’t get away.
We had hped that yu wuld cme, but yu didn’t.
4. （虚拟语气）在条件状体从句或wish / wuld rather等后面的从句中，使用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的主观愿望。如：
The party wuldn’t have been s perfect if yu hadn’t cme.
I wish I had gne with yu t the cncert that day.
5. 过去完成时与一般过去时
1) 基本区别：过去完成时表示以过去某时间为起点以前所发生的动作或存在的状态，即过去完成时强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只表示以现在时间为起点以前所发生的事情或存在的状态。如：
He studied there tw years ag.他两年前在那儿学习（离现在两年）
He said he had studied there tw years befre.他说他两年前在那儿学习过。（离他说话时两年）
2) 特别注意：两个动作如果按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或者用then, and, but等连词连接时，多用一般过去时。如：
When she saw the muse, she screamed.
My aunt gave me a hat and I lst it.
8
过去将来时
标志：wuld + 动词原形
1. 表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。如：
He said he wuld cme here next Friday.
I knew that he wuld help us when we were in truble.
2. 表示过去的动作习惯或倾向：
The ld man wuld sit n a bench in the quite park fr hurs withut ding anything.
When I wrked n that farm, I wuld get up at 5 am.
3. 用于虚拟语气中：
If I were yu, I wuld nt d that.
If he were here, he wuld shw us hw t d it.
4. 过去将来时的其他形式1) was / were ging t + 动词原形。如：
He tld us that he was ging t attend the meeting.
She said that I was ging t be sent t meet her at the railway statin.
2) was / were t + 动词原形。如：
The building was t be cmpleted next mnth.
Li Lei was t arrive sn.
3) was / were abut t + 动词原形。如：
We were abut t leave there when it began t rain heavily and suddenly.
He was abut t have lunch when the bell rang.