2021版新高考译林英语（江苏专版）一轮教师用书：板块4第2讲并列句和状语从句
展开第2讲 并列句和状语从句
[全国卷考情分析]
题型 | 典题试做 | 命题解读 |
语 法 填 空 | 1. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ) I work not because I have to, but_ because I want to. 2．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia，especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，and Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks. 3．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over time，as/when the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. | 1.并列连词(考查的重点：and，but，or，so，when，while)； 2．状语从句的引导词。 |
考点一 并列连词
单句语法填空
1．(2019·河北衡水中学调研)She didn't know anything about current TV shows ________fashion trends.
or [句意：她对于当前的电视节目和流行趋势一无所知。or用在表示否定意义的动词后表示“也不，也不是，也没有”的意思。根据本句中表示否定意义的“didn't know”可知设空处填or。]
2．(2019·福建泉州1月质检)In China, the question is not “What shall I have？”________“What shall we have？”．Food is ordered to share with others, not just for oneself.
but [句意：在中国，问题不是“我吃什么？”而是“我们吃什么？”。点餐是为了和别人分享，而不是只为了自己。not...but...为固定搭配，意为“不是……而是……”。]
3．(2019·河南中原名校联考)Around 7：30 a．m., she was lying on her surfboard with her left arm in the water________a 14footlong tiger shark attacked her，severing her left arm just below the shoulder.
when [句意：大约在上午七点半左右，她正躺在她的冲浪板上，左臂放在水里，就在那时一条14英尺长的虎鲨袭击了她，咬断了她肩部以下的左臂。be doing sth. when...为固定句型，其中when为并列连词，意为“正在做某事，这/那时突然……”。]
1．表并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词：and，both ...and ...，neither ...nor ...，not only ...but also ...，as well as
Not only the teacher but also the students were invited.不但那位教师被邀请，而且学生们也被邀请了。
2．表转折的并列连词：but，yet；表对比关系的并列连词：while
The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。
I was never very neat，while my roommate Kate was extremely organized.我从来不是一个很爱整洁的人，而我的室友凯特却极有条理。
[易错提醒] but不与although/though连用，但yet，still可与although/though连用。 |
3．表选择关系的并列连词：or，either ...or ...，not ...but ...
They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies.他们给那位老人的家里送钱，有的是以个人的名义，有的则是通过他们的公司。
4．表因果关系的并列连词：so，for (表“由于”，一般不放在句首)
He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.
由于他的视力下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。
5．when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：
①be about to do sth.when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”
②be on the point of doing sth.when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”
③be doing sth.when ...“正在做某事，这时突然……”
④had done sth.when ...“刚做完某事，这时突然……”
I was driving down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.我正开车去伦敦，这时突然发现自己走错了路。
She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.昨天她刚完成家庭作业，她妈妈就让她练习弹钢琴。
【技法点拨】
在语法填空中：
并列连词的考查主要是通过句子意义及两个并列成分之间的关系来判断连词词义。解题时准确理解题干的意义，理清前后逻辑关系很重要。
考点二 状语从句
单句语法填空
1．(2019·安徽六安一中月考)Talking about fires can be scary________no one likes to think about people getting hurt or their things getting burned.
because [句意：谈论火灾可能会令人害怕，因为没人愿意考虑人们受伤或者他们的东西被烧毁。设空处引导原因状语从句，该原因状语从句说明主句发生的直接原因，故填because。]
2．(2019·福州四校联考)I am________grateful for the gifts shared by the musicians with the audience that I'll carry this special feeling along with me.
so [考查副词。根据空后的grateful可知，此处应用副词修饰形容词，又根据下文中的that可知，此处为“so...that...”结构，故填so。]
3．(2019·福建龙岩3月质检)But for now, they all have to postpone their plans________the winter storms pass.
until/till [句意：但是现在他们都得把他们的计划推迟到冬季风暴结束时才能实施。根据句意可知设空处填until或till。]
一、时间状语从句
1．when，while和as引导的时间状语从句
when | 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。 |
while | 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生。 |
as | 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”。 |
While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.
尽管有些人被成功的渴望所激励，但也有一些人却被失败的恐惧所激发。
As the average age of the population increases，there are more and more old people to care for.随着人口平均年龄的增长，有越来越多的老年人需要照顾。
2．表示“一……就……”的连词引导的时间状语从句
(1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly
The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy.我阿姨苦读四年之后获得了文凭，那一刻她欣喜万分。
(2)在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...结构中，主句用过去完成时，than或when所在的从句用一般过去时。
I had hardly got to the office，when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我马上回家。
3．before，since引导的时间状语从句
(1)before表示“在……之前；还未……就……；还没有来得及……就……”。常用句式：①It will be/was＋一段时间＋before...过了……时间才……；②It won't be/wasn't＋一段时间＋before...没过多久就……。
We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.
在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源。
If you miss this chance，it may be years before you get another one.如果你错过了这次机会，可能需要很多年你才能再获得一次。
(2)since意为“自从……以来”，常用句式：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since从句(常用过去时)。since从句的时态若是一般过去时，主句的时态常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。
As is reported，it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.正如所报道的，清华大学自建立以来已有一百多年了。
4．till/until引导的时间状语从句
until/till用于肯定句表示“直到……为止”，其主句谓语动词必须为延续性动词；not...until/till...表示“直到……才……”，not所在的主句的谓语动词必须为非延续性动词。until可用于句首，而till不能。
If you don't understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people until you figure it out.
如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。
She didn't start the lesson until the pupils settled down.等学生们安静下来后，她才开始上课。
5．every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time等引导的时间状语从句
By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get cold.等你看完这本书，你的饭就凉了。
二、让步状语从句
1．although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句
(1)though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装；as引导的从句必须用倒装语序。
Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now.虽然这些措施并不能永远有效，但它们目前是至关重要的。
Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.夜晚的空气虽然很热，但因为长途旅行之后很累，我们睡得很沉。
(2)though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。
(3)while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。
(4)as、though引导让步状语从句时采用倒装的两种特殊情况
①如果是单数名词或形容词的最高级作表语，不再用冠词。
Youngest as/though he is in our class，he speaks English best.
他虽然是我们班年龄最小的，但他英语说得最好。
②行为动词前置时，从句主语后面要用may，might，can，could，will，would等情态动词，若没有情态动词，则需加上一个do(does或did)。若前置的行为动词是及物动词，则其宾语也随其后一并提前。
Search as they would here and there，they could find nothing in the room.
尽管到处寻找，但他们在房间里找不到任何东西。
Change your mind as/though you do，you will get no help from us.
即使你改变主意，你也得不到我们的帮助。
2．even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句
even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。
Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise.
蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。
3．“疑问词＋ever”引导的让步状语从句
wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。
However/No matter how hungry I am，I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread.无论我有多饿，我似乎从来不能吃完整条面包。
4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句
whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.
所有人，无论年老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。
三、其他状语从句
状语从句 | 连词 |
条件状语从句 | if，unless(＝if...not)，so/as long as(只要)，on condition that，in case(万一)，suppose/supposing，provided/providing |
原因状语从句 | because，as，since，now that，considering that (考虑到，鉴于) |
目的状语从句 | so that，in order that，in case (以防) |
结果状语从句 | so that，so...that...，such...that... |
地点状语从句 | where，wherever |
方式状语从句 | as(正如，正像)，as if/as though(好像) |
比较状语从句 | than，as...as...，not as/so...as... |
You won't find paper cutting difficult as long as you keep practicing it.
只要你不断练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难。
Just as a single word can change the meaning of a sentence，a single sentence can change the meaning of a paragraph.
正如单个单词可以改变一句话的意思那样，单个句子也能改变一段文字的意思。
He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.
他准备好了照相机，以防看到一些他能够拍成好照片的东西。
[易错提醒] as if/as though引导的方式状语从句与事实相反时，从句通常用虚拟语气：与现在的情况相反时，用过去时；与过去情况相反时，用过去完成时；与将来情况相反时，用would/could/might＋动词原形。 |
【技法点拨】
在语法填空中：
状语从句的考查集中在连词的使用上。解题时要认真分析主、从句之间的逻辑关系，明确从句表示时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、方式、比较等，再根据各种从句固定使用的连接词确定正确答案。
