2021版新高考译林英语（江苏专版）一轮教师用书：板块4第3讲名词性从句
展开第3讲 名词性从句
[全国卷考情分析]
题型 | 典题试做 | 命题解读 |
语 法 填 空 | 1. (2019·全国卷Ⅰ) While they are rare north of 88°，there is evidence that_they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. 2．(2018·浙江卷6月)Many westerners who/that come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out. | 语法填空对名词性从句的考查集中在对引导词的选择上，其中连接代词what与that, how，if与whether是考查的重点。 |
考点一 主语从句
单句语法填空
1．(2019·福建泉州质检)The father and his son got lost in the mountain and they had to eat________food they could find there.
whatever [句意：这对父子在山里迷路了，不得不吃他们在那里能找到的任何食物。whatever food意为“任何食物”，在从句中作动词find的宾语。]
2．(2019·赣州十四县市联考)When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic smile I had ever seen. All of a sudden, her handicap was gone and all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me and almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of________life is all about.
what [考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作介词about的宾语，表示物的概念，故填what。]
3．(2019·福州四校联考)I went to a classical music concert yesterday and I loved it.________I particularly experienced in a different way is how much I appreciated the musicians.
What [考查连接词。句意：我以一种不同的方式经历的特别的事情就是我多么感激那些音乐家。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作宾语，故填What。]
4．(2019·福建龙岩五校期中)Therefore, it is advisable ________ you should value and treat them with care.
that [句意：因此人们建议你应该珍惜、谨慎对待它们。“________ you should value and treat them with care”为主语从句，该从句不缺任何成分，故用that引导。]
1．主语从句的引导词
连接词 | that，whether，if | 只起连接作用， 不在从句中作成分 |
连接代词 | what，who，whom， which，whichever， whatever，whoever | 在从句中作主 语、宾语、表 语或定语 |
连接副词 | when，where，how，why | 在从句中作状语 |
Your support is important to our work.Whatever you can do helps.
你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事情都会对我们有所帮助。
Where Li Bai，a great Chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some won't accept it.
李白，中国伟大的诗人，出生的地方人人皆知，但是有些人对此并不接受。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.
长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。
[易错提醒] (1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。 (2)当主语从句位于句首时，常用whether引导，而不用if。 |
2．形式主语
it作形式主语的常见句型：
(1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句
(2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句
(3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句
(4)It＋不及物动词(seem，appear，happen，matter等)＋that从句
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.
尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。
It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。
[易错提醒] 当it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末时，用if或whether引导均可，但如果被后置的主语从句中引导词后接or not时，只能用whether。 |
考点二 宾语从句
单句语法填空
1．(2019·安徽黄山二模)While visiting Hangzhou's West Lake and its surrounding beautiful hills，you'll understand________ it's been a great source of inspiration for artists，poems and philosophers throughout Chinese history.
why [句意：当你游览杭州西湖及周围美丽的群山时，你就会懂得为什么在中国历史中那个地方一直是画家、诗人和哲学家的灵感之源。宾语从句中缺少原因状语，故填why。]
2．(2019·广西桂林百色模拟)People are able to see the Chinese technologies of the time, which helps them a great deal in understanding________ the Chinese lived.
how [考查宾语从句。句意：人们能够看到当时的中国技术，这对人们了解当时的中国人是如何生活的很有帮助。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作understanding的宾语；结合语境可知，该处表示“如何”，故用how引导宾语从句。]
3．(2019·河北保定、唐山联考)I asked him ________ his father had done so that he became such a good person.
what [句意：我问他他的父亲做了什么，使他成为一个如此好的人。设空处引导宾语从句，作asked的宾语，从句中缺少had done的宾语，指“什么”，因此用what引导该从句。]
1．宾语从句的引导词
连接词 | that，whether，if | 只起连接作用，不 在从句中作成分 |
连接 代词 | what，who，whom， which，whichever， whatever，whoever | 在从句中作主语、 宾语、表语或定语 |
连接 副词 | when，where，how，why | 在从句中作状语 |
She asked me whether I had returned the books to the library，and I admitted that I hadn't.她问我是否把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。
Our teacher always tell us to believe in what we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
我们的老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。
[易错提醒] (1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。 (2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只用whether，不用if。 |
2．形式宾语
宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。
(1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句
(2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句
(3)动词短语see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋从句
(4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb.that＋从句
No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐前散步。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.
你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。
3．宾语从句的时态
一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即当主句是一般现在时时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；当主句为过去的某种时态时，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。
考点三 表语从句
单句语法填空
1．(2019·福建福州二模)The problem is________one less hour of sleep is not equal to an extra hour of achievement.
that [句意：问题是少睡一小时不等同于额外的一小时的成就。分析句子结构可知，is后为表语从句，从句的结构和句意完整，故填that。]
2．(2019·山西晋商四校联考)What is even more important is ________ the earth cooled down, and water began to appear on its surface.
that [分析句子结构可知，What is even more important为主语从句，the earth cooled down，and water began to appear on its surface句子成分完整，故应填that引导表语从句，在从句中不作成分。]
1．表语从句的引导词
连接词 | that，whether | 只起连接作用，不在 从句中作成分 |
连接代词 | what，who，whom，which，whichever，whatever，whoever | 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 |
连接副词 | when，where，how，why | 在从句中作状语 |
The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended.
对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。
This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up.
这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。
[易错提醒] if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。 |
2．as if/as though引导表语从句
as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel，smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。
The thick smog covered the whole city.It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it.
厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到它的上面。
3．其他常考的表语从句
(1)This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表结果)“这/那就是……的原因”
(2)This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表原因)“这/那是因为……”
(3)The reason why...is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……”
考点四 同位语从句(高考不作要求，只作了解)
单句语法填空
1．(2019·湖北部分重点中学联考)This should serve as a warning________ people should be aware of their surroundings, especially when crossing roads.
that [warning后为同位语从句，空格后的句子无论是结构还是意思都是完整的，空格处所填的词只起连接作用，没有任何实际意义，故填that。]
2．(2019·福州八县市一中联考)Word has come________Basi's body will be put in Basi Museum, which is under construction at present for people to remember her forever and share the spirit of the harmonious development between humans and nature.
that [考查同位语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，抽象名词word和从句Basi's body will be put in Basi Museum为同位关系，且从句意义与结构完整，故用that引导该同位语从句。]
同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，位于该名词之后，用以说明该名词的具体内容。常见同位语从句的名词：advice，conclusion，doubt，fact，hope，idea，news，promise，question，suggestion，thought，truth，wish，word等。引导同位语从句的引导词：that，whether，how，where，when，why等。
The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。
[易错提醒] that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别：that引导定语从句时，that既起引导词的作用，又在从句中充当句子成分；如果在从句中作宾语that可以省略，所修饰的名词指物时可用which替换。引导同位语从句时，that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，不能省略。 |
【技法点拨】
在语法填空中：
1．首先确定空格处所在从句是否为名词性从句。然后分析从句在整个句中所充当的成分，确定从句所属类型：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句还是同位语从句。
2．判断从句中的连接词。
(1)若从句不缺少成分则要考虑句意是否完整，若句意不完整，则需用whether/if；若句意完整，则用that。
(2)若从句缺少主、宾或表语，则用连接代词。
(3)若从句缺少状语，则用连接副词。
另外，还需注意一些特殊的引导词(如whether，because，as if 等)的用法。
