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江苏省南京市2020届高三上学期学情调研（零模）英语试题
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2020 届南京市高三英语零模试卷
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 20 分）
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分）
第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题，每题 1 分，满分 15 分）
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A, B, C, D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
1.---Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.
---Well, you______know---you married one.
A. might B. would C. shall D. should
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。A. might可能，也许；B. would将会；C. shall必须，会；D. should应该。句意：---有艺术修养的人有时很难相处。---你应当知道这一点，因为你结婚那位就是搞艺术的。这里是按照常理推断，用should。
2.Jim has been______with his boss since he drove away the company’s biggest customer.
A. out of favor B. out of order C. out of hand D. out of place
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：因为他把公司最大的顾客都驱赶走了，所以在老板处失宠了。A.out of favor失宠；B.out of order发生故障；C.out of hand失控。D.out of place不合适。根据句意选A。
3.The land is known for a historic site with beautifully colored walls, ______are painted the events of the past.
A. of which B. from where C. on which D. about where
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查介词+which引导的定语从句。句意：这片土地以拥有美丽的彩色墙壁历史遗址而闻名，墙上画着过去发生的事情。这里是定语从句和倒装句结合在一起考，句子正常的语序是the events of the past are painted on the wall, 所以应该是on which。
4.The award was established in 1902 as a special______for outstanding people in this field.
A. statement B. distinction C. commitment D. instruction
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。这个奖项是颁发给这个领域杰出的人。A. statement声明；B. distinction荣誉，殊荣；C. commitment承诺；D. instruction指令，命令。对这帮人来说，能够得到这个奖项是一种莫大的殊荣。根据句意选B。
5.They exchanged their contact forms with each other, likely______they would get in touch.
A. meant B. meaning C. being meant D. having meant
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们交换了彼此的联系方式，这个很有可能是为了让他们日后方便联系。mean sth / that表示旨在做某事，目的在于做某事。表示主动，应用现在分词。相当于which means，故选B。
6.These competitors are expected to push their own boundaries and______world levels.
A. watch out for B. look up to C. set sights on D. make up for
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这些选手的目标应该突破自己的界限，放眼世界级水平。 A.watch out for当心；B.look up to尊敬；C.set sights on着眼于；D.make up for 弥补。“目光锁定在”用set sight on，根据句意选C。
7.No agreement______, the representatives wanted another round of talk.
A. reaching B. reached C. to reach D. to be reached
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格用法。句意：代表们没有达成协议，要求再进行一轮会谈。agreement与reach是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应该采用非谓语的done形式表示被动关系，故选B。
【点睛】独立主格由“名词或代词+形容词、副词、分词、不定式等”构成，其中的“名词或代词”用主格形式，起逻辑主语的作用，其后的“形容词、副词、分词、不定式等”起逻辑谓语的作用。注意，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。过去分词“独立结构”表示已发生的动作，主语与过去分词之间为被动关系。如：
The job finished，we went home.工作结束后我们就回家了。
The question settled，they went back to their respective posts.这问题解决后，他们就回到各自的岗位上去了。
All things considered，I think we ought to give the job to George.各方面考虑起来，我想我们应当把工作交给乔治。
8.He reminded us to speed up, as the time______for the project.
A. ran out B. has run out C. had run out D. was running out
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：他提醒我们加快速度，因为项目的时间快到了。过去进行时可以表示从过去某时间看来将要发生的动作，那会儿时间将快到了，故用过去进行时，故选D。
【点睛】过去进行时由“主语+was/were+doing”构成：
1、主要表示过去在某一时间正在进行的动作。如：We were having lunch when the phone rang.
2、表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可以表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，通常与always, forever, continually等副词连用。如：They were always late for school on Friday.
3、过去进行时常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, when, while, at that time, just now, a moment ago等。
4、过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。
a.瞬时动词的过去进行时一定表示过去将来的含义。
例：Then she said she was leaving.
然后她说她要离开了。
b.持续动词的过去进行时只有在有过去将来的时间状语或过去将来的语境下才能表示过去将来。
例：She said that she was travelling the next day.
她说她第二天要去旅行。
9.---Will you go to the picnic tomorrow?
---Not______my dear dog is allowed to accompany me.
A. if B. until C. unless D. when
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查条件状语从句。---你明天去野餐吗?---如果我的狗不允许陪伴着我的话。原句应该表达为I will not go to the picnic tomorrow if my dog cannot accompany me.此处If not相当于unless“除非”, 只不过这里主句简化成了not，故选C。
【点睛】连词if和unless的用法
由引导词if或unless引导的状语从句叫条件状语从句。条件状语从句用来说明主句动作发生的条件，即某一件事情（从句中的动作）实现之后，其他事情（主句中的动作）方能发生。
if是“如果，假如”的意思。
1、 if引导的条件状语从句，既可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后。当从句置于主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开。例如：You will catch the bus if you get up early.
=If you get up early，you will catch the bus.
如果你早起的话，就能赶上公共汽车。
2、时态
（1）若主句是一般将来时，if引导的从句用一般现在时
If it rains tomorrow，I'll stay at home.如果明天下雨，我将呆在家里
（2）如果主句是祈使句或含情态动词can，may，must等时，从句也用一般现在时。
例如：You must see the doctor if you are ill.如果你生病了，你必须去看医生。
If you want to go skating，wear warm clothes.如果你想去滑冰，穿上暖和的衣服。
3、主句不能用be going to表示将来，只能用wil1.
unless 也可引导条件状语从句，意思是“如果不；除非”，相当于not
We'll go for a picnic if it doesn't rain this Sunday
=We'll go for a picnic unless it rains this Sunday.
10.Anderson made the announcement at the conference______the company would be closing.
A. that B. when C. where D. whether
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句关系词。句意：安德森在会上宣布公司将关闭。这里应该是个同位语从句，用that 后面加句子来解释说明announcement 的内容，且that在句中不做成分，故选A。
11.--- With fewer dinners, whether we can stay in business is_________.
--- Couldn’t agree more.
A. in the red B. over the moon C. a wet blanket D. anyone’s guess
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：——晚饭少了，我们能否继续经营下去，谁也说不准。——非常同意。“谁都说不准”有it’s at anyone’s guess. There is no telling of sth.这2个表达。A.in the red赤字；B.over the moon欣喜若狂；C.a wet blanket令人扫兴的事；D.anyone’s guess谁也说不准。根据句意选择D。
12.While applying for a job, you should highlight the parts of your experience that are____ to the job.
A. specific B. superior C. remote D. convenient
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在申请工作时，你应该突出你的经验中与你即将申请的这个工作相关的部分。A. specific具体的；B. superior出众的；C. remote偏僻的；D. convenient方便的。也就是申请信上应该只是局限于你之前的工作与这份工作相关的工作经验，不可泛泛而谈。短语be specific to sth.相当于be limited to sth.故选A。
13.To protect the rare birds better, scientists have been_____ the changes in their number in the past decade.
A. securing B. charting C. displaying D. undergoing
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了更好地保护这种稀有鸟类，科学家们一直在记录它们在过去十年数量的变化。A. securing保护；B. charting详细记录；C. displaying显示；D. undergoing经历。根据句意选择B。
14.In my younger years, my father gave me some advice that I _____ in my mind ever since.
A. turned over B. was turning over
C. had turned over D. have been turning over
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：在我年轻的时候，我的父亲给了我一些建议，从那时起，这些建议一直在我的脑海里翻来覆去。turn over表示仔细回想，反复斟酌，考虑。因为句中ever since“自从…” 这里谓语动词turn over在将来会继续下去，故用现在完成进行时have been doing。
【点睛】现在完成进行时的用法：其构成为：主语+have/has+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分。表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。
1、现在完成进行时表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止。如：
It has been raining since last Sunday自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。
He's been watching television all day.他看了一天电视了。
2、现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论。如：
She is very tired. She's been typing letters all da她很累了，她整天都在打信件。
Her eyes are red. She has been crying她眼睛红了，她一直在哭。
15.---She is a wonderful dancer.
--- __________ . She is one of my best students!
A. You got me there B. You are kidding me
C. You are telling me D. You have my word
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：---她是一位出色的舞蹈家。---这还用你说。她是我最好的学生之一！A.You got me there你问倒我了；B.You are kidding me你在和我开玩笑。C.You are telling me表示这还用你说；我早知道了；D.You have my word我向你保证。根据句意选择C。
第二节：完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I thought I would never have a child－then a miracle happened.
When I was only 29, doctors said I had too many___16___challenges to have a child. Meanwhile, my best friend Colleen was pregnant and she asked me to buy a changing table with her. Focusing on Colleen’s good fortune helped distract (使分心) me from my___17___. In the shop, a babysuit with a crab (螃蟹) caught my eyes. The crab ___18___ childhood memories of my pretending to be Ariel from the Little Mermaid. If things were ___19___, that crab would have made me laugh. Instead I said,“If I___20___had a son, I’d want him to have that.” “Sarah, you have to get it,” She said.
I shook my head no. I didn’t want a(n) ___21___of what I couldn’t have. My husband, John, and I had talked about ___22___. But I worried we would get___23___.
The next Sunday, we went to ___24___ There, I noticed a tiny baby in the arms of a woman. On his backside was the same ___25___ I had seen. My breath caught.
I___26___ to John and whispered, “That’s the babysuit I was telling you about.”He cocked his eyebrows. Throughout the service, I was totally ___27___ by the baby. I ___28___ to hold him. In the end, the priest ( 牧 师 ) made an announcement. “The baby needs a ___29___. If anyone is thinking about adoption, please see us afterwards.”
We ___30___ our phone numbers.
That evening, the young mother, carrying the baby, came to our home. Before we sat down, I held her baby. He fit ___31___ in my arms.
Twelve families had volunteered to adopt him. If she picked us, all she asked was that we let her be ___32___ in his life in some way. We agreed wholeheartedly.
I never mentioned the crab babysuit. I wanted her to make her decision without being influenced by that ___33___ .
The next morning my phone rang. “We picked you”was all I heard.
Now our six-year-old son continues to be the best ___34___ thing that will ever happen to me. And that crab babysuit remains ___35___ folded in one of my dresser drawers, where I plan to hold on to it－forever.
16. A. technical B. medical C. academic D. economic
17. A. fear B. sadness C. satisfaction D. amusement
18. A. led to B. called up C. brought out D. added to
19. A. clear B. common C. serious D. different
20. A. ever B. still C. even D. then
21. A. image B. souvenir C. reminder D. example
22. A. application B. adjustment C. arrangement D. adoption
23. A. permitted B. rejected C. inspired D. restricted
24. A. work B. school C. church D. hospital
25. A. toy B. crab C. table D. picture
26. A. waved B. bent C. turned D. ran
27. A. moved B. influenced C. attracted D. confused
28. A. longed B. managed C. hesitated D. offered
29. A. home B. room C. friend D. brother
30. A. got B. left C. picked D. dialed
31. A. easily B. perfectly C. tightly D. slightly
32. A. attended B. directed C. involved D. interested
33. A. service B. request C. consequence D. coincidence
34. A. unexpected B. qualified C. designed D. unnoticed
35. A. partly B. casually C. neatly D. loosely
【答案】16. B 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者29岁时被医生告知不能生孩子，但奇迹发生了，作者在教堂的一次偶然邂逅，收养了一个小孩并拥有了他直到现在六岁了的故事。
【16题详解】
考察形容词词义辨析。当我只有29岁的时候，医生说我有太多的医疗挑战而不能生孩子（准确地来说应该是生理方面的挑战）。A. technical科技的；B. medical医疗的；C. academic学术的；D. economic经济的。Medical意为医疗的，与医生相对应，符合常理，故选B。
【17题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。关注于科琳的好运气帮助我从悲伤中分散注意力。A. fear害怕；B. sadness悲伤；C. satisfaction满意；D. amusement娱乐。我被告知无法生孩子，心情失落，而朋友的喜事转移了我的注意力。根据句意选B。
【18题详解】
考察动词短语词义辨析。螃蟹勾起了我儿时的回忆，我在《小美人鱼》中扮演爱丽儿。A.lead to导致；B.call up唤起回忆；C.bring out出版；生产；使出现；D.add to添加。根据句意选B。
【19题详解】
考察形容词词义辨析。如果事情不是这样（是别的情况或者不同的情况），那只螃蟹会让我发笑。若我没发生不能生育这件事情，我会很开心。A. clear清晰的；B. common共同的；C. serious严重的；D. different不同的。故选D。
【20题详解】
考察副词辨析。相反，我说:“如果我有个儿子，我希望他也有这个。” A. ever曾经；B. still仍然；C. even甚至；D. then当时。ever与if连用时，表示在任何时候；从来。故选A。
【21题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。我不希望有东西在提醒我自己不能拥有什么东西。A. image图片；B. souvenir纪念品；C. reminder提醒的事物；D. example例子。这里 reminder意为提醒物，代指文中baby suit。根据句意选C。
【22题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。我的丈夫,约翰,跟我谈论过收养。但我担心我们会被拒绝。A.application申请；B.adjustment调整；C.arrangement安排；D.adoption采用；收养。根据上文说我不能生孩子可知，我们在考虑收养孩子。故选D。
【23题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。我的丈夫,约翰,跟我谈论过收养。但我担心我们会被拒绝。A.permit许可；B.reject拒绝；C.inspire激励；D.restrict限制。根据句首的but可知转折，故选B。
【24题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。下周日，我们去了教堂。根据后面the priest (牧师)made an announcement可知我们去的是教堂。故选C。
【25题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。在那里，我注意到一个小婴儿在一个女人的怀里。他的衣服背上是我曾经见过的螃蟹图案。根据下文That's the babysuit I was telling you about.可知婴儿穿的跟我上次见过的一样，就是a babysuit with a crab。因此是the same crab。故选B。
【26题详解】
考察固定搭配。我转向约翰小声说：“那就是我告诉过你的连体服。” A. waved挥手；B. bent弯腰；C. turned转，翻；D. ran 跑。turn to意为转向，符合句意，故选C。
【27题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。在整个礼拜过程中，我完全被孩子吸引住了。A. moved感动；B. influenced影响；C. attracted吸引；D. confused使困惑。我因为孩子穿着那件熟悉的衣服而被吸引住了，以致于我后面想要领养他。根据句意选C。
【28题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。我渴望拥有他。A.long to do渴望；B.manage管理；C.hesitate犹豫；D.offer提供。我被孩子吸引住了，想要领养他。根据句意选A。
【29题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。孩子需要一个家。如果有人想领养，请稍后见我们。后句说领养一事可知孩子需要家庭，故选A。
【30题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。我们留下电话号码了。那天晚上，年轻的母亲抱着孩子来到我们家。A. got得到；B. left留下；C. picked捡，拿；D. dialed拨电话。根据前面我渴望拥有这个孩子可知，我们有意想领养他，留下了电话号码，故选B。
【31题详解】
考察副词词义辨析。在我们坐下来之前，我抱着她的孩子。他完美适合于我的怀抱。A. easily简单地；B. perfectly完全，完美地；C. tightly紧紧地；D. slightly轻微地。根据句意选B。
【32题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。如果她选择了我们，她所要求的只是我们让她以某种方式参与他的生活。我们全心全意地同意。孩子的母亲想要以另一种方式参与孩子的生活，A. attended参加，照顾；B. directed直接；C. involved参与进来；D. interested感兴趣。故选C。
【33题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。我从来没提到过蟹宝宝装。我想让她在不受巧合影响的情况下做出决定。A. service服务；B. request请求；C. consequence结果；D. coincidence巧合。这里巧合指孩子穿的衣服就是我之前见过并喜欢的螃蟹款式。故选D。
【34题详解】
考察形容词词义辨析。现在我们六岁的儿子仍然是我一生中最意想不到的事情。A. unexpected意想不到的；B. qualified有质量的；C. designed设计的；D. unnoticed没注意到的。我本以为自己这一生都不会有孩子，但一次偶然邂逅，我拥有了现在六岁的他。这是我从未想到的。选A。
【35题详解】
考察副词词义辨析。那件螃蟹婴儿装还整整齐齐地叠在我的梳妆台抽屉里，我打算永远留着它。A. partly部分地；B. casually随便地；C. neatly整齐地；D. loosely宽松地。我对那件衣服很重视。根据句意选C。
第三部分 阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，请在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT CAR RENTAL IN CANADA
When you fly into Canada you don’t have many choices. A car is often the only way to reach the spectacular destinations which Canada is famous for. Most major car rental companies have offices at airports, towns and cities across the country.
What do you need in order to rent a car in Canada?
● Valid Driver’s license and International Driver’s Permit if your license is not in English or French.
● When picking up your car, you may have to show your passport and a return airline ticket.
● Credit Card for the deposit—Renting a car in Canada without a credit card is impossible.
Fly-Drive Packages from Home
You may get the best deal on car rental if you book a fly-drive package from home or if you book a long time in advance. Rental coast varies to a great extent, depending on the time of year, type of vehicle and length of rental.
Minimum Age
The driver has to be at least 21 years old and have a minimum of 12 months of driving experience in order to rent a car in Canada. A “Young Renter Fee” will be applied to your car rental, if you are between the ages of 21 and 24 and will be charged on top of the rental rate.
Insurance
Most car rental companies in Canada offer a collision damage waiver (CDW) for an additional charge. Some credit card companies include CDW insurance on car rentals when you use their cards to pay for the rental. Check your credit card’s terms and conditions.
Fuel and Service Stations
Most rental cars use unleaded gas. Remember, driving distances in Canada are long and a large amount of your vacation budget will go towards gasoline. Filling up in larger cities is usually cheaper than in small towns. If you are heading up to the Northwest Territories, gas prices will be much higher than in the south.
Cross-Border Travel
Some rental companies don’t allow their cars to drive across borders, like from Canada to the US or across provinces. If this is the case, watch out; GPS may be used to track your route.
36. You’ll have to pay extra fees for your car rental in Canada if you________.
A. book a fly-drive package from home
B. are 22 with one-year driving experience
C. use a credit card offering CDW insurance
D. have no passport or return airline ticket
37. What are you encouraged to do when you rent a car in Canada?
A. Use GPS to find your way. B. Provide a license in English.
C. Fill up the car in large cities. D. Drive across borders to America.
【答案】36. B 37. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要是告知人们在加拿大如何租车以及注意事项。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文可知A、C是可以省钱的，D则直接会导致无法租车，均排除。在原文Minimum Age下面的第二句话A “Young Renter Fee" will be applied to your car rental, if you are between the ages of 21 and 24 and will be charged on top of the rental rate.可知，如果年龄在21-24岁间会额外收费，而要想租车的基本条件就是驾驶时间为12个月及以上，因此选B。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文GPS会记录你的行踪因此不要开出边界，排除A、D；要提供有效的驾驶证，如果驾照是非英语或法语的，要国际驾驶许可证，而不是让你只能提供英语驾驶证，排除B。在原文倒数第四行Filling up in larger cities is usually cheaper than in small towns可知，在大城市加油会比小城镇便宜，因此建议在大城市加油。故选C。
B
By the time you read these words, winter should have gone within the Northern Hemisphere (半球). But at its worst, this winter was unusually cold. Here in New York City on January 31, the low temperature dropped to -17℃. In Chicago, it was also -17℃—but that was the high. The low jumped to -29℃. And the wind chill within the Windy City was -44℃ or -46℃, relying on which climate station was crying out in pain. As comic Lewis Black said, “That is not weather. That’s an emergency condition.”
When the forecast warned us a few days earlier that Arctic air was looming (阴森地逼近), President Trump issued a sincere and helpful tweet, which ended with: “What the hell is going on with Global Waming [sic]? Please come back fast, we need you!” And being the most powerful man on Earth, he was successful in his polite request. On February 4 the Chicago temperature reached 11℃. And the following day the Big Apple was in a sunny 19℃.
The Arctic is warming at twice the speed as the global average. This heat might help disrupt (打破) the polar vortex, a gradual wind pattern that usually stays focused on circling the North Pole. A shaky jet stream (高速气流) then runs right into a brick wall of that Arctic air, which continues to be fairly cold by human standards, and both wind up lots of miles farther south than they usually belong. And for a few days we in the Deep South—by which I mean Chicago or New York compared with the Arctic—freeze our butts off. But less than a week later, thanks to some warm air coming up from the real South, I was walking outside without a coat on a date when the temperature in Chicago reached 11℃ on February 4.
Like so much else we are currently living through, this experience is not normal. Or it didn’t used to be, anyway.
After all, scientists have been waming—sorry, warning—that warming can have these very results. Climate change deniers may sneer (冷笑), “So when it’s warmer than usual, that’s because of global warming. And when it’s colder, that’s also because of global warming?” Well, yes. And anybody who just can’t accept these kinds of seemingly paradoxical conditions needs to reflect on the expression “freezer burn.”
38. By mentioning Lewis Black’s words in Paragraph 1, the author intends to .
A. indicate how unusual the winter’s weather was
B. suggest the north isn’t a suitable place to live
C. remind people never to forget the past winter
D. urge people to take action against the emergency
39. What led to the sudden increase in the Chicago temperature on February 4?
A. The cold Arctic air. B. Trump’s sincere tweet.
C. Warm air from the real South. D. Disruption of polar vortex.
40. Why does the author use the expression “freezer burn”?
A. To show readers his concerns about the extreme weather.
B. To prove global warming to be the cause of the extreme weather.
C. To cast doubt about scientists’ study on the paradoxical conditions.
D. To express his disapproval of the result of the paradoxical conditions.
【答案】38. A 39. C 40. B
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了在北半球这个时候像纽约、芝加哥等城市冬天不仅没走，反而出现了极不寻常的寒冷天气。文中分析了其原因。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段Lewis Black的话的意思是：那不是天气。这是紧急情况。然后根据上文的描述“the low temperature dropped to -17°C. In Chicago, it was also -17°C—but that was the high. The low jumped to -29°C.And the wind chill within the Windy City was -44℃ or -46℃”可知天气情况极其恶劣。因此这句话是突出了天气的极其异常。因此答案选择A。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“But less than a week later, thanks to some warm air coming up from real south, I was walking outside without a coat on a date when the temperature in Chicago”因此真正的原因是南方传来的暖气。所以答案选择C。文中“And being the most powerful man on Earth, he was successful in his polite request.”只是玩笑，不能作为真正的答案。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段原文，文中这个词出现在“Well, yes. And anybody who just can't accept these kinds of seemingly paradoxical conditions needs to reflect on the expression “freezer burn.”因此这个词的目的是反击那些“Climate change deniers”所以作者是支持global warming的，是为了证明证明全球变暖是极端天气的原因。因此答案选择B。
C
Ronald Reagan ever said, “It’s true hard work never killed anybody, but I figure, why take the chance?” To some extent, extra effort seems to be self-defeating. Studies suggest that, after 50 hours a week, employee productivity falls sharply.
But that doesn’t stop some managers from demanding that workers stay chained to their desk for long periods. Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, recently praised the “996” model, where employees work from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., 6 days a week, as a “huge blessing”. Apparently, presenteeism (出勤主义) is the curse of the modern office worker.
There will be days when you do not have much to do: perhaps because you are waiting for someone else in a different department, or a different company, to respond to a request. As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more importantly, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy.
Some of this may be a self-continuing cycle. If bosses do not like to go home before their employees, and employees fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. This is easily confused with long hours. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees’ performance, use time in the office as a measure. The consequence is often wasted effort. We pretend to work and managers pretend to believe us. Rather than work hard, you try to make bosses think that you are. Leaving a jacket on your office chair, walking around purposefully with a notebook and sending out emails at odd hours are three of the best-known tricks. After a while this can result in collective self-delusion that this pretence is actual work.
But presenteeism has more serious consequences. It is perhaps most common in Japan, where people attend the office even when they are in discomfort. In doing so, they are doing neither themselves nor their employers any favours. As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study in the Journal of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. Those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression.
In the evolution of humanity, presenteeism is a recent phenomenon. In the industrial era, workers were paid not for their output but for their time, and were required to clock in and out. But modern machinery like smartphones and laptops is portable. Turning an office into a prison, with prisoners allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.
41. What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?
A. Employees often have to work extra hours.
B. Extra effort improves employees’ productivity.
C. “996” model is well received around the world.
D. Both bosses and employees are devoted to their jobs.
42. What does the underlined “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Hoping to get a pay rise. B. Going home after the boss.
C. Putting in maximum effort. D. Judging employees’ performance.
43. Which of the following is one the results of long-time presenteeism?
A. Reducing medical costs of employees.
B. Making employees more hard-working.
C. Increasing the competition among employees.
D. Worsening employees’ physical and mental condition.
44. What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph?
A. Employees should be treated as prisoners.
B. Productivity can’t be measured by presenteeism now.
C. Office tasks usually can’t be carried out automatically.
D. Office workers should be allowed to be absent-minded.
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. D 44. B
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。作者主要针对员工加班问题提出看法：长时间的加班不仅工作效率低下，还造成身体不适，想要提高效率，必须是身心俱在的状态，不能只是形式上的出勤主义。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章2、3段，第二段讲的是马云赞成996工作制，第三段讲的是你努力让自己看上去很忙。“As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more importantly, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy.” 这说明员工往往要加班。因此答案选择A。
【42题详解】
词义猜测题。对this所在段落进行三句读。“Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting inmaximum effort. This is easily confused with long hours. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees’ performance, use time in the office as a measure.”（员工可能会觉得，如果他们没有尽最大努力工作，就不会得到加薪或升职。这很容易与长时间工作混淆。经理们通常不善于判断员工的表现，他们把在办公室的时间作为衡量标准。）因此this指的是“putting in maximum effort”。故选C。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段我们可知后果是：人们即使在不舒服的时候也会去上班，会降低生产率，还会增加雇主的医疗费用。这些工人更容易遭受更大的痛苦和抑郁。所以答案选择D。
44题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段原文可知In the evolution of humanity, presenteeism is a recent phenomenon.而这种现象是低效的。To be productive you need presence of mind being present in the flesh.如果希望高效，那就需要身心俱在，而不是单纯的presenteeism。故选B。
D
If spending is a measure of what matters, then the people of the developing world place a high value on brains. While private spending on education has not changed much in the rich world in the past ten years, in China and India it has more than doubled. Since brainpower is the primary generator of progress, this burst of enthusiasm for investing in private education is excellent news for the world. But not everybody is delighted. Because private education increases inequality, some governments are trying to stop its advance. That’s wrong: they should welcome it, and spread its benefits more widely.
① Education used to be provided by religious institutions or entrepreneurs. But when governments, starting in Prussia in the 18th century, got into the business of nation-building, they realized they could use education to shape young minds. As state systems grew, private schooling was left to the elite and the pious(虔诚的). Now it is enjoying popularity again, for several reasons. Incomes are rising, especially among the better off, at the same time as birth rates are falling. In China the former one-child policy means that six people---two parents and four grandparents---can pour money into educating a single child.
② All over the developing world, people want more or better education than governments provide. Where cities are growing at unmanageable speed, the private education is taking up the slack. In India the private education now educates nearly half of all children, in Pakistan more than a third, and in both countries the state education is shrinking. Even where the state does pretty well, as in East Asia, richer people still want better schooling for their children than the masses get. Thus, Vietnam, which has an outstanding state-school system for a poor country, measured by its performance in the OECD’s PISA test, also has the fastest-growing private education.
③ In most ways, this is an excellent thing, because the world is getting more and better schooling.
In rich countries, once the background and ability of the children who attend private schools are taken into account, their exams results are about the same as those in the state education. But in developing countries private schools are better---and much more efficient. A study of eight Indian states found that, in terms of learning outcomes per rupee, private schools were between 1.5 times and 29 times more cost-effective than state schools.
④ They tend to sort children by income, herding richer ones towards better schools that will enhance their already superior life chances. That is one reason why many governments are troubled by their rise.
Governments are right to worry about private education’s contribution to inequality, but they are wrong to discourage its growth. Governments should instead focus on improving the public education by mimicking(模仿) the private education’s virtues. Freedom from independent management is at the root of its superior performance and greater efficiency. Governments should therefore do their best to give school principals more freedom to innovate and to fire underperforming teachers.
To spread the benefit of private schools more widely, governments should work with them, paying for education through vouchers(代金券) which children can spend in private schools. And vouchers should be limited to students in non-selective schools that do not charge top-up fees; otherwise governments will find themselves helping the better off and increasing inequality.
The world faces plenty of problems. Governments should stop behaving as though private education were one of them. It will, rather, increase the chances of finding solutions.
45. What do we know about private education?
A. More developed countries enjoy it.
B. It attracts more and more investment.
C. Public education will replace it in the future.
D. It has helped governments to remove inequality
46. What does the underlined phrase“taking up the slack” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Filling the gap. B. Setting the place.
C. Breaking the balance. D. Avoiding the risk.
47. Why has private education been developing rapidly in Vietnam?
A. The population in Vietnam is shrinking dramatically.
B. Its state education is worse than other developing countries.
C. Some people want better education for their children than others.
D. The government intends private education to shape young minds.
48. The sentence “But private schools also increase inequality.” can be put in .
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
49. What does the author advise governments to do?
A. Train school principals. B. Sell vouchers to children.
C. learn from private education. D. Fire underperforming teachers.
50. What’s the author’s opinion about private education?
A. Private education should be based on state education.
B. Private education should be targeted at well-off families.
C. Governments should prevent the spread of private education.
D. Governments should celebrate the popularity of private education.
【答案】45. B 46. A 47. C 48. D 49. C 50. D
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文。私人教育在发达国家不重视但是发展中国家大受欢迎，有些人对私人教育的发展不高兴，他们认为私人教育加剧了不公平性，有些政府甚至阻止其发展，针对这个现象，作者提出了看法：这种做法是错误的。人们应该欢迎私人教育，并广泛地传播它的好处。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。文中原文“this burst of enthusiasm for investing in private education is excellent news for the world.”因此答案选择B。私人教育吸引了越来越多的投资。但是私立教育加剧了不平等，因此D选项错误。私人教育与公立教育并存，所以答案C错误。更多的发展中国家出现了正在受益，所以A也错误。故选B。
【46题详解】
词义猜测题。对划线单词进行三句读，“Where cities are growing at unmanageable speed, the private education is taking up the slack. In India the private education now educates nearly half of all children, in Pakistan more than a third, and in both countries the state education is shrinking.”印度，私人教育现在教育了将近一半的儿童，在巴基斯坦超过三分之一。公立教育萎缩，私立教育填补空白。因此答案选择A。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。通过定位词Vietnam找到文中richer people still want better schooling for their children than the masses get. Thus Vietnam, which has an outstanding state-school system for a poor country, measured by its performance in the OECD's PISA test also has the fastest-growing private education.因此原因是富裕的人们想让孩子们获得更好的教育，故答案选择C。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。句子是：但是私人学校也会导致不平等。所以加入的段落应该更多会讨论私人学校引发的不平等。所以我们找到只有第四处符合要求。They tend to sort children by income, herding richer ones towards better schools that will enhance their already superior life chances.因此选择D。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中，建议写在了最后三段Governments should instead focus on improving the public education by mimicking (模仿）the private education's virtues.作者认为政府应该让公立学校模仿私立学校好处，故选择C选项。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。最后一段作者说了Governments should stop behaving as though private education were one of them. It will, rather, increase the chances of finding solutions.因此作者的观点是，政府应该支持私立学校的发展以找到解决问题的办法。所以答案选择D。
第四部分：任务型阅读 （共 10 小题，每小题 l 分，满分 10 分）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
If you said you were suffering from “burnout” in the early 1970s, you might have raised some eyebrows.
At the time, the term was informally to describe the side effects that heavy drug users experienced.
However, in 1974, a German-American psychologist Herbert Freudenberger found the volunteers at his clinic were struggling, too: their work was tough, and many were lacking in motivation. Freudenberger defined this condition as a state of extreme tiredness caused by constant overwork－and borrowed the term “burnout” to describe it.
Late last month, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the problem will be recognized as a syndrome (综合征) “resulting from workplace stress that has not been successfully managed.”
Feeling the burn so how can you tell if you’re almost burned out?
“A lot of the signs and symptoms of pre-burnout would be very similar to depression,” says Siobhan Murray, a psychotherapist. She suggests looking out for bad habits, such as increased alcohol consumption and relying on sugar to get you through the day. Also watch out for feelings of tiredness that won’t go away or not having the energy to exercise or go for a walk. As soon as you begin to feel this way, Murray advises going to see your doctor. “Depression and pre-burnout are very similar. But it is still classified as an occupational phenomenon which is still best tackled by making lifestyle changes.”
And how do you know if you’re really on the edge of burnout? “Stress is really important, and anxiety is what motivates us to do well,” says Murray. “It’s when we’re continually exposed to stress and anxiety that it starts to turn into burnout.”
You’re pre-burnout: What’s next?
“Sometimes they feel the need to be too perfect so they’re having to work very hard to cover up that they’re not quite as good as everyone thinks.” Another therapist Walker says.
However, sometimes the work environment is the problem. According to a 2018 study of 7,500 US workers, burnout comes from unfair treatment at work, an unmanageable workload and not knowing what a person’s role should involve. Workers were also stressed out by a lack of support from their manager and punreasonable time pressure.
Whatever the cause of your burnout, Murray’s top tip is to be kind to yourself.
In Murray’s experience, a key driver of burnout is today’s culture of wanting it all. Often it’s just not possible to have a healthy social life and complete a big project at the same time. She says it’s vital to prioritize and not expect too much of yourself; when others seem like the perfect boss, parent and friend all at the same time, they’re probably misleading us.
If you feel that you might be close to joining the burnout club, take a step back, figure out what’s going wrong－and let yourself off the hook.
Outline
Details
____51____in the explanation of burnout
In the early 1970s, it referred to the side effects of drug ____52____.
Freudenberger used it to describe the state of those ____53____ volunteers under overworking conditions.
WHO will recognize it as a syndrome arising from the ____54____ to manage stress.
Symptoms of burnout
It shares some ____55____ with depression, such as tiredness and ____56____ of energy, due to people's continual exposure to stress and anxiety.
Causes of burnout
lPeople are unwilling to admit that they are ____57____
lCompanies can’t ____58____favorable working conditions.
Approaches to ____59____. burnout
l Be _____60_____to yourself: accept what you are; step away from it.
【答案】51. Changes/Differences
52. abuse/addiction
53. tired/exhausted
54. failure
55. similarities
56. lack/overuse
57. imperfect
58. provide/offer /offord
59. avoiding
60. kind
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 “精力耗尽”这个词定义和相应症状，造成这种症状的原因以及提出避免的方法。
【51题详解】
考察概括总结。由文章前三段以及所填空表格右边的内容可知，讲的是burnout在不同时期的不同解释，因此填Changes或Differences。
【52题详解】
考察同义替换。原文第一段即指出，在70年代burnout指的是重度吸毒者遭受的副作用，因此heavy drug users这里转换为drugabuse/addiction。
【53题详解】
考察同义替换。原文第三段a state of extreme tiredness caused by constant overwork可知，是指人们因为不断超负荷工作而劳累，而本题所填空在volunteers前，应该是形容词，因此讲tiredness转换为tired/exhausted。
【54题详解】
考察同义替换。原文第四段最后一行stress that has not been successfully managed可知，是指没能处理好压力，而本题所填空应该是名词，固定搭配fail to do表示未能做成某事，此处转换为名词failure。
【55题详解】
考察同义替换。原文第六段第一行be very similar to depression可知，burnout和depression很相似，而所填空应该是名词，固定搭配share similarities with …表示和…很类似，因此填similarities。
【56题详解】
考察同义替换，原文第六段第三行需要酒精get you through the day 和not having the energy可知，觉得自己没有精力，或者是精力被过度消耗，所填空为名词，因此填lack或overuse。
【57题详解】
考察同义替换。原文倒数第五段可知，人们被要求很完美，因此努力去做到别人想的那样，即人们不愿意承认自己的不完美，本空应填形容词，因此填imperfect。
【58题详解】
考察同义替换，原文倒数第四段the work environment is the problem和后面具体的unfair treatment at work, an unmanageable workload and not knowing what a person's role should involve可知，公司没能提供有利的工作环境，所填空应该是动词，因此填provide/offer /afford。
【59题详解】
考察概括总结。由文章最后两段内容可知，要接纳自己，不要给自己过多的压力过多的期待，是在介绍避免burnout的方法，且固定搭配approach to doing,因此填avoiding。
【60题详解】
考察原词重现。原文倒数第三段Murray建议要be kind to yourself，因此填kind。
【点睛】本篇任务型主要考察较为简单的同意替换，除了5题和7题可能稍有难度，因为考生可能不知道所考的固定搭配或不知道perfect的反义词是imperfect，其余题目难度不大，整体属于较为简单的任务型。
第五部分：书面表达（满分 25 分）
61.请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英文写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
President Xi Jinping has called for garbage classification to be accelerated nationwide to help save resources and protect the environment. All major cities are expected to start garbage classification this year, and the system should be completed and function well by the end of 2025.
Yet the reality seems remote from the vision. Take Beijing, an early bird in garbage sorting, as an example. Even if the capital’s residents sort their garbage at home and throw them into different trash cans as required, almost all household garbage, including kitchen waste, is mixed up and transported away by the same rubbish truck.
Now it is the time for the government to reform its garbage disposal( 处 理 ) policies to ensure the formation of a complete industrial chain on garbage collection and recycling. For example, the household garbage disposal fee should be charged according to the total weight of the garbage each home produces in one year.
If the policy is carried on, resources can be saved and the environment improved.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30 个单词写出上文概要。
2. 用约120 个词发表你的观点，内容包括：
（1） 谈谈垃圾分类的意义（至少两点）；
（2） 请举例说明在实际生活中你能为垃圾分类做些什么。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词汇适当。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In response to President Xi's call, all major cities will soon get involved in garbage classification.
However, the bare fact is another story. Consequently, more practical and effective measures are required.（31 words）
“Garbage classification is vital to our life and environment. For one thing, garbage classification can help separate the recyclable waste from the rest. To reuse and recycle this kind of waste is to save resources to a large extent, which also contributes to environmental protection. For another, sorting waste is a meaningful deed. If everyone takes action, it can save the money and the time for a city to deal with rubbish.
Take myself as an example. It is necessary for me to form the habit of sorting out the garbage and encouraging people around me to follow the trend. To be more specific, with waste paper packed together, I can sell it and earn some pocket money.
In a word, we should bear in mind that garbage classification will bring profound rewards to our society.(136words)
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇提纲式作文，半开放性作文。
【详解】第1步：根据要求可知，用约30 个单词写出上文概要，并用约120 个词发表观点，内容包括2个方面，特别注意不能直接引用原文。时态是一般现在时。
第2步：概要得抓住关键词：garbage classification垃圾分类；all major cities主要城市；practical and effective measures实际有效的措施等。准备写观点的关键词组：rubbish垃圾；recyclable waste可回收垃圾；reuse and recycle再使用和再循环；environmental protection环境保护；take action采取行动；pack打包等。准备关键短语：In response to 回应…; get involved in 参与…；be vital to 对…很关键；to a large extent很大程度上；separate…from…从…分离…等
第3步：使用连接词过渡：However，For one thing ，For another，In a word等
第4步：连词成句：Garbage classification is vital to our life and environment.
garbage classification can help separate the recyclable waste from the rest.
To reuse and recycle this kind of waste is to save resources to a large extent, which also contributes to environmental protection等。
第5步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
2020 届南京市高三英语零模试卷
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分 20 分）
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分 35 分）
第一节 单项填空（共 15 小题，每题 1 分，满分 15 分）
请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的 A, B, C, D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
1.---Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.
---Well, you______know---you married one.
A. might B. would C. shall D. should
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。A. might可能，也许；B. would将会；C. shall必须，会；D. should应该。句意：---有艺术修养的人有时很难相处。---你应当知道这一点，因为你结婚那位就是搞艺术的。这里是按照常理推断，用should。
2.Jim has been______with his boss since he drove away the company’s biggest customer.
A. out of favor B. out of order C. out of hand D. out of place
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：因为他把公司最大的顾客都驱赶走了，所以在老板处失宠了。A.out of favor失宠；B.out of order发生故障；C.out of hand失控。D.out of place不合适。根据句意选A。
3.The land is known for a historic site with beautifully colored walls, ______are painted the events of the past.
A. of which B. from where C. on which D. about where
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查介词+which引导的定语从句。句意：这片土地以拥有美丽的彩色墙壁历史遗址而闻名，墙上画着过去发生的事情。这里是定语从句和倒装句结合在一起考，句子正常的语序是the events of the past are painted on the wall, 所以应该是on which。
4.The award was established in 1902 as a special______for outstanding people in this field.
A. statement B. distinction C. commitment D. instruction
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。这个奖项是颁发给这个领域杰出的人。A. statement声明；B. distinction荣誉，殊荣；C. commitment承诺；D. instruction指令，命令。对这帮人来说，能够得到这个奖项是一种莫大的殊荣。根据句意选B。
5.They exchanged their contact forms with each other, likely______they would get in touch.
A. meant B. meaning C. being meant D. having meant
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们交换了彼此的联系方式，这个很有可能是为了让他们日后方便联系。mean sth / that表示旨在做某事，目的在于做某事。表示主动，应用现在分词。相当于which means，故选B。
6.These competitors are expected to push their own boundaries and______world levels.
A. watch out for B. look up to C. set sights on D. make up for
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这些选手的目标应该突破自己的界限，放眼世界级水平。 A.watch out for当心；B.look up to尊敬；C.set sights on着眼于；D.make up for 弥补。“目光锁定在”用set sight on，根据句意选C。
7.No agreement______, the representatives wanted another round of talk.
A. reaching B. reached C. to reach D. to be reached
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查独立主格用法。句意：代表们没有达成协议，要求再进行一轮会谈。agreement与reach是逻辑上的动宾关系，故应该采用非谓语的done形式表示被动关系，故选B。
【点睛】独立主格由“名词或代词+形容词、副词、分词、不定式等”构成，其中的“名词或代词”用主格形式，起逻辑主语的作用，其后的“形容词、副词、分词、不定式等”起逻辑谓语的作用。注意，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。过去分词“独立结构”表示已发生的动作，主语与过去分词之间为被动关系。如：
The job finished，we went home.工作结束后我们就回家了。
The question settled，they went back to their respective posts.这问题解决后，他们就回到各自的岗位上去了。
All things considered，I think we ought to give the job to George.各方面考虑起来，我想我们应当把工作交给乔治。
8.He reminded us to speed up, as the time______for the project.
A. ran out B. has run out C. had run out D. was running out
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：他提醒我们加快速度，因为项目的时间快到了。过去进行时可以表示从过去某时间看来将要发生的动作，那会儿时间将快到了，故用过去进行时，故选D。
【点睛】过去进行时由“主语+was/were+doing”构成：
1、主要表示过去在某一时间正在进行的动作。如：We were having lunch when the phone rang.
2、表示感情色彩与现在进行时相似，过去进行时也可以表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，通常与always, forever, continually等副词连用。如：They were always late for school on Friday.
3、过去进行时常用的时间状语有：this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, when, while, at that time, just now, a moment ago等。
4、过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。
a.瞬时动词的过去进行时一定表示过去将来的含义。
例：Then she said she was leaving.
然后她说她要离开了。
b.持续动词的过去进行时只有在有过去将来的时间状语或过去将来的语境下才能表示过去将来。
例：She said that she was travelling the next day.
她说她第二天要去旅行。
9.---Will you go to the picnic tomorrow?
---Not______my dear dog is allowed to accompany me.
A. if B. until C. unless D. when
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查条件状语从句。---你明天去野餐吗?---如果我的狗不允许陪伴着我的话。原句应该表达为I will not go to the picnic tomorrow if my dog cannot accompany me.此处If not相当于unless“除非”, 只不过这里主句简化成了not，故选C。
【点睛】连词if和unless的用法
由引导词if或unless引导的状语从句叫条件状语从句。条件状语从句用来说明主句动作发生的条件，即某一件事情（从句中的动作）实现之后，其他事情（主句中的动作）方能发生。
if是“如果，假如”的意思。
1、 if引导的条件状语从句，既可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后。当从句置于主句之前时，常用逗号与主句隔开。例如：You will catch the bus if you get up early.
=If you get up early，you will catch the bus.
如果你早起的话，就能赶上公共汽车。
2、时态
（1）若主句是一般将来时，if引导的从句用一般现在时
If it rains tomorrow，I'll stay at home.如果明天下雨，我将呆在家里
（2）如果主句是祈使句或含情态动词can，may，must等时，从句也用一般现在时。
例如：You must see the doctor if you are ill.如果你生病了，你必须去看医生。
If you want to go skating，wear warm clothes.如果你想去滑冰，穿上暖和的衣服。
3、主句不能用be going to表示将来，只能用wil1.
unless 也可引导条件状语从句，意思是“如果不；除非”，相当于not
We'll go for a picnic if it doesn't rain this Sunday
=We'll go for a picnic unless it rains this Sunday.
10.Anderson made the announcement at the conference______the company would be closing.
A. that B. when C. where D. whether
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查同位语从句关系词。句意：安德森在会上宣布公司将关闭。这里应该是个同位语从句，用that 后面加句子来解释说明announcement 的内容，且that在句中不做成分，故选A。
11.--- With fewer dinners, whether we can stay in business is_________.
--- Couldn’t agree more.
A. in the red B. over the moon C. a wet blanket D. anyone’s guess
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查短语词义辨析。句意：——晚饭少了，我们能否继续经营下去，谁也说不准。——非常同意。“谁都说不准”有it’s at anyone’s guess. There is no telling of sth.这2个表达。A.in the red赤字；B.over the moon欣喜若狂；C.a wet blanket令人扫兴的事；D.anyone’s guess谁也说不准。根据句意选择D。
12.While applying for a job, you should highlight the parts of your experience that are____ to the job.
A. specific B. superior C. remote D. convenient
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在申请工作时，你应该突出你的经验中与你即将申请的这个工作相关的部分。A. specific具体的；B. superior出众的；C. remote偏僻的；D. convenient方便的。也就是申请信上应该只是局限于你之前的工作与这份工作相关的工作经验，不可泛泛而谈。短语be specific to sth.相当于be limited to sth.故选A。
13.To protect the rare birds better, scientists have been_____ the changes in their number in the past decade.
A. securing B. charting C. displaying D. undergoing
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了更好地保护这种稀有鸟类，科学家们一直在记录它们在过去十年数量的变化。A. securing保护；B. charting详细记录；C. displaying显示；D. undergoing经历。根据句意选择B。
14.In my younger years, my father gave me some advice that I _____ in my mind ever since.
A. turned over B. was turning over
C. had turned over D. have been turning over
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：在我年轻的时候，我的父亲给了我一些建议，从那时起，这些建议一直在我的脑海里翻来覆去。turn over表示仔细回想，反复斟酌，考虑。因为句中ever since“自从…” 这里谓语动词turn over在将来会继续下去，故用现在完成进行时have been doing。
【点睛】现在完成进行时的用法：其构成为：主语+have/has+been+动词的现在分词+其他成分。表示动作从某一时间开始，一直持续到现在，或者刚刚终止，或者可能仍然要继续下去。
1、现在完成进行时表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的动作，这动作可能仍在进行，也可能已停止。如：
It has been raining since last Sunday自上周星期日以来就一直在下雨。
He's been watching television all day.他看了一天电视了。
2、现在完成进行时有时表示根据直接或间接的证据得出的结论。如：
She is very tired. She's been typing letters all da她很累了，她整天都在打信件。
Her eyes are red. She has been crying她眼睛红了，她一直在哭。
15.---She is a wonderful dancer.
--- __________ . She is one of my best students!
A. You got me there B. You are kidding me
C. You are telling me D. You have my word
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情景交际。句意：---她是一位出色的舞蹈家。---这还用你说。她是我最好的学生之一！A.You got me there你问倒我了；B.You are kidding me你在和我开玩笑。C.You are telling me表示这还用你说；我早知道了；D.You have my word我向你保证。根据句意选择C。
第二节：完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 20 分）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
I thought I would never have a child－then a miracle happened.
When I was only 29, doctors said I had too many___16___challenges to have a child. Meanwhile, my best friend Colleen was pregnant and she asked me to buy a changing table with her. Focusing on Colleen’s good fortune helped distract (使分心) me from my___17___. In the shop, a babysuit with a crab (螃蟹) caught my eyes. The crab ___18___ childhood memories of my pretending to be Ariel from the Little Mermaid. If things were ___19___, that crab would have made me laugh. Instead I said,“If I___20___had a son, I’d want him to have that.” “Sarah, you have to get it,” She said.
I shook my head no. I didn’t want a(n) ___21___of what I couldn’t have. My husband, John, and I had talked about ___22___. But I worried we would get___23___.
The next Sunday, we went to ___24___ There, I noticed a tiny baby in the arms of a woman. On his backside was the same ___25___ I had seen. My breath caught.
I___26___ to John and whispered, “That’s the babysuit I was telling you about.”He cocked his eyebrows. Throughout the service, I was totally ___27___ by the baby. I ___28___ to hold him. In the end, the priest ( 牧 师 ) made an announcement. “The baby needs a ___29___. If anyone is thinking about adoption, please see us afterwards.”
We ___30___ our phone numbers.
That evening, the young mother, carrying the baby, came to our home. Before we sat down, I held her baby. He fit ___31___ in my arms.
Twelve families had volunteered to adopt him. If she picked us, all she asked was that we let her be ___32___ in his life in some way. We agreed wholeheartedly.
I never mentioned the crab babysuit. I wanted her to make her decision without being influenced by that ___33___ .
The next morning my phone rang. “We picked you”was all I heard.
Now our six-year-old son continues to be the best ___34___ thing that will ever happen to me. And that crab babysuit remains ___35___ folded in one of my dresser drawers, where I plan to hold on to it－forever.
16. A. technical B. medical C. academic D. economic
17. A. fear B. sadness C. satisfaction D. amusement
18. A. led to B. called up C. brought out D. added to
19. A. clear B. common C. serious D. different
20. A. ever B. still C. even D. then
21. A. image B. souvenir C. reminder D. example
22. A. application B. adjustment C. arrangement D. adoption
23. A. permitted B. rejected C. inspired D. restricted
24. A. work B. school C. church D. hospital
25. A. toy B. crab C. table D. picture
26. A. waved B. bent C. turned D. ran
27. A. moved B. influenced C. attracted D. confused
28. A. longed B. managed C. hesitated D. offered
29. A. home B. room C. friend D. brother
30. A. got B. left C. picked D. dialed
31. A. easily B. perfectly C. tightly D. slightly
32. A. attended B. directed C. involved D. interested
33. A. service B. request C. consequence D. coincidence
34. A. unexpected B. qualified C. designed D. unnoticed
35. A. partly B. casually C. neatly D. loosely
【答案】16. B 17. B 18. B 19. D 20. A 21. C 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. B 32. C 33. D 34. A 35. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者29岁时被医生告知不能生孩子，但奇迹发生了，作者在教堂的一次偶然邂逅，收养了一个小孩并拥有了他直到现在六岁了的故事。
【16题详解】
考察形容词词义辨析。当我只有29岁的时候，医生说我有太多的医疗挑战而不能生孩子（准确地来说应该是生理方面的挑战）。A. technical科技的；B. medical医疗的；C. academic学术的；D. economic经济的。Medical意为医疗的，与医生相对应，符合常理，故选B。
【17题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。关注于科琳的好运气帮助我从悲伤中分散注意力。A. fear害怕；B. sadness悲伤；C. satisfaction满意；D. amusement娱乐。我被告知无法生孩子，心情失落，而朋友的喜事转移了我的注意力。根据句意选B。
【18题详解】
考察动词短语词义辨析。螃蟹勾起了我儿时的回忆，我在《小美人鱼》中扮演爱丽儿。A.lead to导致；B.call up唤起回忆；C.bring out出版；生产；使出现；D.add to添加。根据句意选B。
【19题详解】
考察形容词词义辨析。如果事情不是这样（是别的情况或者不同的情况），那只螃蟹会让我发笑。若我没发生不能生育这件事情，我会很开心。A. clear清晰的；B. common共同的；C. serious严重的；D. different不同的。故选D。
【20题详解】
考察副词辨析。相反，我说:“如果我有个儿子，我希望他也有这个。” A. ever曾经；B. still仍然；C. even甚至；D. then当时。ever与if连用时，表示在任何时候；从来。故选A。
【21题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。我不希望有东西在提醒我自己不能拥有什么东西。A. image图片；B. souvenir纪念品；C. reminder提醒的事物；D. example例子。这里 reminder意为提醒物，代指文中baby suit。根据句意选C。
【22题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。我的丈夫,约翰,跟我谈论过收养。但我担心我们会被拒绝。A.application申请；B.adjustment调整；C.arrangement安排；D.adoption采用；收养。根据上文说我不能生孩子可知，我们在考虑收养孩子。故选D。
【23题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。我的丈夫,约翰,跟我谈论过收养。但我担心我们会被拒绝。A.permit许可；B.reject拒绝；C.inspire激励；D.restrict限制。根据句首的but可知转折，故选B。
【24题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。下周日，我们去了教堂。根据后面the priest (牧师)made an announcement可知我们去的是教堂。故选C。
【25题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。在那里，我注意到一个小婴儿在一个女人的怀里。他的衣服背上是我曾经见过的螃蟹图案。根据下文That's the babysuit I was telling you about.可知婴儿穿的跟我上次见过的一样，就是a babysuit with a crab。因此是the same crab。故选B。
【26题详解】
考察固定搭配。我转向约翰小声说：“那就是我告诉过你的连体服。” A. waved挥手；B. bent弯腰；C. turned转，翻；D. ran 跑。turn to意为转向，符合句意，故选C。
【27题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。在整个礼拜过程中，我完全被孩子吸引住了。A. moved感动；B. influenced影响；C. attracted吸引；D. confused使困惑。我因为孩子穿着那件熟悉的衣服而被吸引住了，以致于我后面想要领养他。根据句意选C。
【28题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。我渴望拥有他。A.long to do渴望；B.manage管理；C.hesitate犹豫；D.offer提供。我被孩子吸引住了，想要领养他。根据句意选A。
【29题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。孩子需要一个家。如果有人想领养，请稍后见我们。后句说领养一事可知孩子需要家庭，故选A。
【30题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。我们留下电话号码了。那天晚上，年轻的母亲抱着孩子来到我们家。A. got得到；B. left留下；C. picked捡，拿；D. dialed拨电话。根据前面我渴望拥有这个孩子可知，我们有意想领养他，留下了电话号码，故选B。
【31题详解】
考察副词词义辨析。在我们坐下来之前，我抱着她的孩子。他完美适合于我的怀抱。A. easily简单地；B. perfectly完全，完美地；C. tightly紧紧地；D. slightly轻微地。根据句意选B。
【32题详解】
考察动词词义辨析。如果她选择了我们，她所要求的只是我们让她以某种方式参与他的生活。我们全心全意地同意。孩子的母亲想要以另一种方式参与孩子的生活，A. attended参加，照顾；B. directed直接；C. involved参与进来；D. interested感兴趣。故选C。
【33题详解】
考察名词词义辨析。我从来没提到过蟹宝宝装。我想让她在不受巧合影响的情况下做出决定。A. service服务；B. request请求；C. consequence结果；D. coincidence巧合。这里巧合指孩子穿的衣服就是我之前见过并喜欢的螃蟹款式。故选D。
【34题详解】
考察形容词词义辨析。现在我们六岁的儿子仍然是我一生中最意想不到的事情。A. unexpected意想不到的；B. qualified有质量的；C. designed设计的；D. unnoticed没注意到的。我本以为自己这一生都不会有孩子，但一次偶然邂逅，我拥有了现在六岁的他。这是我从未想到的。选A。
【35题详解】
考察副词词义辨析。那件螃蟹婴儿装还整整齐齐地叠在我的梳妆台抽屉里，我打算永远留着它。A. partly部分地；B. casually随便地；C. neatly整齐地；D. loosely宽松地。我对那件衣服很重视。根据句意选C。
第三部分 阅读理解（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）
请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，请在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT CAR RENTAL IN CANADA
When you fly into Canada you don’t have many choices. A car is often the only way to reach the spectacular destinations which Canada is famous for. Most major car rental companies have offices at airports, towns and cities across the country.
What do you need in order to rent a car in Canada?
● Valid Driver’s license and International Driver’s Permit if your license is not in English or French.
● When picking up your car, you may have to show your passport and a return airline ticket.
● Credit Card for the deposit—Renting a car in Canada without a credit card is impossible.
Fly-Drive Packages from Home
You may get the best deal on car rental if you book a fly-drive package from home or if you book a long time in advance. Rental coast varies to a great extent, depending on the time of year, type of vehicle and length of rental.
Minimum Age
The driver has to be at least 21 years old and have a minimum of 12 months of driving experience in order to rent a car in Canada. A “Young Renter Fee” will be applied to your car rental, if you are between the ages of 21 and 24 and will be charged on top of the rental rate.
Insurance
Most car rental companies in Canada offer a collision damage waiver (CDW) for an additional charge. Some credit card companies include CDW insurance on car rentals when you use their cards to pay for the rental. Check your credit card’s terms and conditions.
Fuel and Service Stations
Most rental cars use unleaded gas. Remember, driving distances in Canada are long and a large amount of your vacation budget will go towards gasoline. Filling up in larger cities is usually cheaper than in small towns. If you are heading up to the Northwest Territories, gas prices will be much higher than in the south.
Cross-Border Travel
Some rental companies don’t allow their cars to drive across borders, like from Canada to the US or across provinces. If this is the case, watch out; GPS may be used to track your route.
36. You’ll have to pay extra fees for your car rental in Canada if you________.
A. book a fly-drive package from home
B. are 22 with one-year driving experience
C. use a credit card offering CDW insurance
D. have no passport or return airline ticket
37. What are you encouraged to do when you rent a car in Canada?
A. Use GPS to find your way. B. Provide a license in English.
C. Fill up the car in large cities. D. Drive across borders to America.
【答案】36. B 37. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。主要是告知人们在加拿大如何租车以及注意事项。
【36题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文可知A、C是可以省钱的，D则直接会导致无法租车，均排除。在原文Minimum Age下面的第二句话A “Young Renter Fee" will be applied to your car rental, if you are between the ages of 21 and 24 and will be charged on top of the rental rate.可知，如果年龄在21-24岁间会额外收费，而要想租车的基本条件就是驾驶时间为12个月及以上，因此选B。
【37题详解】
细节理解题。根据原文GPS会记录你的行踪因此不要开出边界，排除A、D；要提供有效的驾驶证，如果驾照是非英语或法语的，要国际驾驶许可证，而不是让你只能提供英语驾驶证，排除B。在原文倒数第四行Filling up in larger cities is usually cheaper than in small towns可知，在大城市加油会比小城镇便宜，因此建议在大城市加油。故选C。
B
By the time you read these words, winter should have gone within the Northern Hemisphere (半球). But at its worst, this winter was unusually cold. Here in New York City on January 31, the low temperature dropped to -17℃. In Chicago, it was also -17℃—but that was the high. The low jumped to -29℃. And the wind chill within the Windy City was -44℃ or -46℃, relying on which climate station was crying out in pain. As comic Lewis Black said, “That is not weather. That’s an emergency condition.”
When the forecast warned us a few days earlier that Arctic air was looming (阴森地逼近), President Trump issued a sincere and helpful tweet, which ended with: “What the hell is going on with Global Waming [sic]? Please come back fast, we need you!” And being the most powerful man on Earth, he was successful in his polite request. On February 4 the Chicago temperature reached 11℃. And the following day the Big Apple was in a sunny 19℃.
The Arctic is warming at twice the speed as the global average. This heat might help disrupt (打破) the polar vortex, a gradual wind pattern that usually stays focused on circling the North Pole. A shaky jet stream (高速气流) then runs right into a brick wall of that Arctic air, which continues to be fairly cold by human standards, and both wind up lots of miles farther south than they usually belong. And for a few days we in the Deep South—by which I mean Chicago or New York compared with the Arctic—freeze our butts off. But less than a week later, thanks to some warm air coming up from the real South, I was walking outside without a coat on a date when the temperature in Chicago reached 11℃ on February 4.
Like so much else we are currently living through, this experience is not normal. Or it didn’t used to be, anyway.
After all, scientists have been waming—sorry, warning—that warming can have these very results. Climate change deniers may sneer (冷笑), “So when it’s warmer than usual, that’s because of global warming. And when it’s colder, that’s also because of global warming?” Well, yes. And anybody who just can’t accept these kinds of seemingly paradoxical conditions needs to reflect on the expression “freezer burn.”
38. By mentioning Lewis Black’s words in Paragraph 1, the author intends to .
A. indicate how unusual the winter’s weather was
B. suggest the north isn’t a suitable place to live
C. remind people never to forget the past winter
D. urge people to take action against the emergency
39. What led to the sudden increase in the Chicago temperature on February 4?
A. The cold Arctic air. B. Trump’s sincere tweet.
C. Warm air from the real South. D. Disruption of polar vortex.
40. Why does the author use the expression “freezer burn”?
A. To show readers his concerns about the extreme weather.
B. To prove global warming to be the cause of the extreme weather.
C. To cast doubt about scientists’ study on the paradoxical conditions.
D. To express his disapproval of the result of the paradoxical conditions.
【答案】38. A 39. C 40. B
【解析】
这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了在北半球这个时候像纽约、芝加哥等城市冬天不仅没走，反而出现了极不寻常的寒冷天气。文中分析了其原因。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段Lewis Black的话的意思是：那不是天气。这是紧急情况。然后根据上文的描述“the low temperature dropped to -17°C. In Chicago, it was also -17°C—but that was the high. The low jumped to -29°C.And the wind chill within the Windy City was -44℃ or -46℃”可知天气情况极其恶劣。因此这句话是突出了天气的极其异常。因此答案选择A。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“But less than a week later, thanks to some warm air coming up from real south, I was walking outside without a coat on a date when the temperature in Chicago”因此真正的原因是南方传来的暖气。所以答案选择C。文中“And being the most powerful man on Earth, he was successful in his polite request.”只是玩笑，不能作为真正的答案。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段原文，文中这个词出现在“Well, yes. And anybody who just can't accept these kinds of seemingly paradoxical conditions needs to reflect on the expression “freezer burn.”因此这个词的目的是反击那些“Climate change deniers”所以作者是支持global warming的，是为了证明证明全球变暖是极端天气的原因。因此答案选择B。
C
Ronald Reagan ever said, “It’s true hard work never killed anybody, but I figure, why take the chance?” To some extent, extra effort seems to be self-defeating. Studies suggest that, after 50 hours a week, employee productivity falls sharply.
But that doesn’t stop some managers from demanding that workers stay chained to their desk for long periods. Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, recently praised the “996” model, where employees work from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., 6 days a week, as a “huge blessing”. Apparently, presenteeism (出勤主义) is the curse of the modern office worker.
There will be days when you do not have much to do: perhaps because you are waiting for someone else in a different department, or a different company, to respond to a request. As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more importantly, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy.
Some of this may be a self-continuing cycle. If bosses do not like to go home before their employees, and employees fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. This is easily confused with long hours. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees’ performance, use time in the office as a measure. The consequence is often wasted effort. We pretend to work and managers pretend to believe us. Rather than work hard, you try to make bosses think that you are. Leaving a jacket on your office chair, walking around purposefully with a notebook and sending out emails at odd hours are three of the best-known tricks. After a while this can result in collective self-delusion that this pretence is actual work.
But presenteeism has more serious consequences. It is perhaps most common in Japan, where people attend the office even when they are in discomfort. In doing so, they are doing neither themselves nor their employers any favours. As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study in the Journal of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. Those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression.
In the evolution of humanity, presenteeism is a recent phenomenon. In the industrial era, workers were paid not for their output but for their time, and were required to clock in and out. But modern machinery like smartphones and laptops is portable. Turning an office into a prison, with prisoners allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.
41. What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3?
A. Employees often have to work extra hours.
B. Extra effort improves employees’ productivity.
C. “996” model is well received around the world.
D. Both bosses and employees are devoted to their jobs.
42. What does the underlined “This” in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Hoping to get a pay rise. B. Going home after the boss.
C. Putting in maximum effort. D. Judging employees’ performance.
43. Which of the following is one the results of long-time presenteeism?
A. Reducing medical costs of employees.
B. Making employees more hard-working.
C. Increasing the competition among employees.
D. Worsening employees’ physical and mental condition.
44. What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph?
A. Employees should be treated as prisoners.
B. Productivity can’t be measured by presenteeism now.
C. Office tasks usually can’t be carried out automatically.
D. Office workers should be allowed to be absent-minded.
【答案】41. A 42. C 43. D 44. B
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。作者主要针对员工加班问题提出看法：长时间的加班不仅工作效率低下，还造成身体不适，想要提高效率，必须是身心俱在的状态，不能只是形式上的出勤主义。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章2、3段，第二段讲的是马云赞成996工作制，第三段讲的是你努力让自己看上去很忙。“As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more importantly, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy.” 这说明员工往往要加班。因此答案选择A。
【42题详解】
词义猜测题。对this所在段落进行三句读。“Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting inmaximum effort. This is easily confused with long hours. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees’ performance, use time in the office as a measure.”（员工可能会觉得，如果他们没有尽最大努力工作，就不会得到加薪或升职。这很容易与长时间工作混淆。经理们通常不善于判断员工的表现，他们把在办公室的时间作为衡量标准。）因此this指的是“putting in maximum effort”。故选C。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段我们可知后果是：人们即使在不舒服的时候也会去上班，会降低生产率，还会增加雇主的医疗费用。这些工人更容易遭受更大的痛苦和抑郁。所以答案选择D。
44题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段原文可知In the evolution of humanity, presenteeism is a recent phenomenon.而这种现象是低效的。To be productive you need presence of mind being present in the flesh.如果希望高效，那就需要身心俱在，而不是单纯的presenteeism。故选B。
D
If spending is a measure of what matters, then the people of the developing world place a high value on brains. While private spending on education has not changed much in the rich world in the past ten years, in China and India it has more than doubled. Since brainpower is the primary generator of progress, this burst of enthusiasm for investing in private education is excellent news for the world. But not everybody is delighted. Because private education increases inequality, some governments are trying to stop its advance. That’s wrong: they should welcome it, and spread its benefits more widely.
① Education used to be provided by religious institutions or entrepreneurs. But when governments, starting in Prussia in the 18th century, got into the business of nation-building, they realized they could use education to shape young minds. As state systems grew, private schooling was left to the elite and the pious(虔诚的). Now it is enjoying popularity again, for several reasons. Incomes are rising, especially among the better off, at the same time as birth rates are falling. In China the former one-child policy means that six people---two parents and four grandparents---can pour money into educating a single child.
② All over the developing world, people want more or better education than governments provide. Where cities are growing at unmanageable speed, the private education is taking up the slack. In India the private education now educates nearly half of all children, in Pakistan more than a third, and in both countries the state education is shrinking. Even where the state does pretty well, as in East Asia, richer people still want better schooling for their children than the masses get. Thus, Vietnam, which has an outstanding state-school system for a poor country, measured by its performance in the OECD’s PISA test, also has the fastest-growing private education.
③ In most ways, this is an excellent thing, because the world is getting more and better schooling.
In rich countries, once the background and ability of the children who attend private schools are taken into account, their exams results are about the same as those in the state education. But in developing countries private schools are better---and much more efficient. A study of eight Indian states found that, in terms of learning outcomes per rupee, private schools were between 1.5 times and 29 times more cost-effective than state schools.
④ They tend to sort children by income, herding richer ones towards better schools that will enhance their already superior life chances. That is one reason why many governments are troubled by their rise.
Governments are right to worry about private education’s contribution to inequality, but they are wrong to discourage its growth. Governments should instead focus on improving the public education by mimicking(模仿) the private education’s virtues. Freedom from independent management is at the root of its superior performance and greater efficiency. Governments should therefore do their best to give school principals more freedom to innovate and to fire underperforming teachers.
To spread the benefit of private schools more widely, governments should work with them, paying for education through vouchers(代金券) which children can spend in private schools. And vouchers should be limited to students in non-selective schools that do not charge top-up fees; otherwise governments will find themselves helping the better off and increasing inequality.
The world faces plenty of problems. Governments should stop behaving as though private education were one of them. It will, rather, increase the chances of finding solutions.
45. What do we know about private education?
A. More developed countries enjoy it.
B. It attracts more and more investment.
C. Public education will replace it in the future.
D. It has helped governments to remove inequality
46. What does the underlined phrase“taking up the slack” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Filling the gap. B. Setting the place.
C. Breaking the balance. D. Avoiding the risk.
47. Why has private education been developing rapidly in Vietnam?
A. The population in Vietnam is shrinking dramatically.
B. Its state education is worse than other developing countries.
C. Some people want better education for their children than others.
D. The government intends private education to shape young minds.
48. The sentence “But private schools also increase inequality.” can be put in .
A. ① B. ② C. ③ D. ④
49. What does the author advise governments to do?
A. Train school principals. B. Sell vouchers to children.
C. learn from private education. D. Fire underperforming teachers.
50. What’s the author’s opinion about private education?
A. Private education should be based on state education.
B. Private education should be targeted at well-off families.
C. Governments should prevent the spread of private education.
D. Governments should celebrate the popularity of private education.
【答案】45. B 46. A 47. C 48. D 49. C 50. D
【解析】
本文是一篇议论文。私人教育在发达国家不重视但是发展中国家大受欢迎，有些人对私人教育的发展不高兴，他们认为私人教育加剧了不公平性，有些政府甚至阻止其发展，针对这个现象，作者提出了看法：这种做法是错误的。人们应该欢迎私人教育，并广泛地传播它的好处。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。文中原文“this burst of enthusiasm for investing in private education is excellent news for the world.”因此答案选择B。私人教育吸引了越来越多的投资。但是私立教育加剧了不平等，因此D选项错误。私人教育与公立教育并存，所以答案C错误。更多的发展中国家出现了正在受益，所以A也错误。故选B。
【46题详解】
词义猜测题。对划线单词进行三句读，“Where cities are growing at unmanageable speed, the private education is taking up the slack. In India the private education now educates nearly half of all children, in Pakistan more than a third, and in both countries the state education is shrinking.”印度，私人教育现在教育了将近一半的儿童，在巴基斯坦超过三分之一。公立教育萎缩，私立教育填补空白。因此答案选择A。
【47题详解】
细节理解题。通过定位词Vietnam找到文中richer people still want better schooling for their children than the masses get. Thus Vietnam, which has an outstanding state-school system for a poor country, measured by its performance in the OECD's PISA test also has the fastest-growing private education.因此原因是富裕的人们想让孩子们获得更好的教育，故答案选择C。
【48题详解】
推理判断题。句子是：但是私人学校也会导致不平等。所以加入的段落应该更多会讨论私人学校引发的不平等。所以我们找到只有第四处符合要求。They tend to sort children by income, herding richer ones towards better schools that will enhance their already superior life chances.因此选择D。
【49题详解】
细节理解题。根据文中，建议写在了最后三段Governments should instead focus on improving the public education by mimicking (模仿）the private education's virtues.作者认为政府应该让公立学校模仿私立学校好处，故选择C选项。
【50题详解】
推理判断题。最后一段作者说了Governments should stop behaving as though private education were one of them. It will, rather, increase the chances of finding solutions.因此作者的观点是，政府应该支持私立学校的发展以找到解决问题的办法。所以答案选择D。
第四部分：任务型阅读 （共 10 小题，每小题 l 分，满分 10 分）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填一个单词。
If you said you were suffering from “burnout” in the early 1970s, you might have raised some eyebrows.
At the time, the term was informally to describe the side effects that heavy drug users experienced.
However, in 1974, a German-American psychologist Herbert Freudenberger found the volunteers at his clinic were struggling, too: their work was tough, and many were lacking in motivation. Freudenberger defined this condition as a state of extreme tiredness caused by constant overwork－and borrowed the term “burnout” to describe it.
Late last month, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced that the problem will be recognized as a syndrome (综合征) “resulting from workplace stress that has not been successfully managed.”
Feeling the burn so how can you tell if you’re almost burned out?
“A lot of the signs and symptoms of pre-burnout would be very similar to depression,” says Siobhan Murray, a psychotherapist. She suggests looking out for bad habits, such as increased alcohol consumption and relying on sugar to get you through the day. Also watch out for feelings of tiredness that won’t go away or not having the energy to exercise or go for a walk. As soon as you begin to feel this way, Murray advises going to see your doctor. “Depression and pre-burnout are very similar. But it is still classified as an occupational phenomenon which is still best tackled by making lifestyle changes.”
And how do you know if you’re really on the edge of burnout? “Stress is really important, and anxiety is what motivates us to do well,” says Murray. “It’s when we’re continually exposed to stress and anxiety that it starts to turn into burnout.”
You’re pre-burnout: What’s next?
“Sometimes they feel the need to be too perfect so they’re having to work very hard to cover up that they’re not quite as good as everyone thinks.” Another therapist Walker says.
However, sometimes the work environment is the problem. According to a 2018 study of 7,500 US workers, burnout comes from unfair treatment at work, an unmanageable workload and not knowing what a person’s role should involve. Workers were also stressed out by a lack of support from their manager and punreasonable time pressure.
Whatever the cause of your burnout, Murray’s top tip is to be kind to yourself.
In Murray’s experience, a key driver of burnout is today’s culture of wanting it all. Often it’s just not possible to have a healthy social life and complete a big project at the same time. She says it’s vital to prioritize and not expect too much of yourself; when others seem like the perfect boss, parent and friend all at the same time, they’re probably misleading us.
If you feel that you might be close to joining the burnout club, take a step back, figure out what’s going wrong－and let yourself off the hook.
Outline
Details
____51____in the explanation of burnout
In the early 1970s, it referred to the side effects of drug ____52____.
Freudenberger used it to describe the state of those ____53____ volunteers under overworking conditions.
WHO will recognize it as a syndrome arising from the ____54____ to manage stress.
Symptoms of burnout
It shares some ____55____ with depression, such as tiredness and ____56____ of energy, due to people's continual exposure to stress and anxiety.
Causes of burnout
lPeople are unwilling to admit that they are ____57____
lCompanies can’t ____58____favorable working conditions.
Approaches to ____59____. burnout
l Be _____60_____to yourself: accept what you are; step away from it.
【答案】51. Changes/Differences
52. abuse/addiction
53. tired/exhausted
54. failure
55. similarities
56. lack/overuse
57. imperfect
58. provide/offer /offord
59. avoiding
60. kind
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了 “精力耗尽”这个词定义和相应症状，造成这种症状的原因以及提出避免的方法。
【51题详解】
考察概括总结。由文章前三段以及所填空表格右边的内容可知，讲的是burnout在不同时期的不同解释，因此填Changes或Differences。
【52题详解】
考察同义替换。原文第一段即指出，在70年代burnout指的是重度吸毒者遭受的副作用，因此heavy drug users这里转换为drugabuse/addiction。
【53题详解】
考察同义替换。原文第三段a state of extreme tiredness caused by constant overwork可知，是指人们因为不断超负荷工作而劳累，而本题所填空在volunteers前，应该是形容词，因此讲tiredness转换为tired/exhausted。
【54题详解】
考察同义替换。原文第四段最后一行stress that has not been successfully managed可知，是指没能处理好压力，而本题所填空应该是名词，固定搭配fail to do表示未能做成某事，此处转换为名词failure。
【55题详解】
考察同义替换。原文第六段第一行be very similar to depression可知，burnout和depression很相似，而所填空应该是名词，固定搭配share similarities with …表示和…很类似，因此填similarities。
【56题详解】
考察同义替换，原文第六段第三行需要酒精get you through the day 和not having the energy可知，觉得自己没有精力，或者是精力被过度消耗，所填空为名词，因此填lack或overuse。
【57题详解】
考察同义替换。原文倒数第五段可知，人们被要求很完美，因此努力去做到别人想的那样，即人们不愿意承认自己的不完美，本空应填形容词，因此填imperfect。
【58题详解】
考察同义替换，原文倒数第四段the work environment is the problem和后面具体的unfair treatment at work, an unmanageable workload and not knowing what a person's role should involve可知，公司没能提供有利的工作环境，所填空应该是动词，因此填provide/offer /afford。
【59题详解】
考察概括总结。由文章最后两段内容可知，要接纳自己，不要给自己过多的压力过多的期待，是在介绍避免burnout的方法，且固定搭配approach to doing,因此填avoiding。
【60题详解】
考察原词重现。原文倒数第三段Murray建议要be kind to yourself，因此填kind。
【点睛】本篇任务型主要考察较为简单的同意替换，除了5题和7题可能稍有难度，因为考生可能不知道所考的固定搭配或不知道perfect的反义词是imperfect，其余题目难度不大，整体属于较为简单的任务型。
第五部分：书面表达（满分 25 分）
61.请阅读下面短文，并按照要求用英文写一篇 150 词左右的文章。
President Xi Jinping has called for garbage classification to be accelerated nationwide to help save resources and protect the environment. All major cities are expected to start garbage classification this year, and the system should be completed and function well by the end of 2025.
Yet the reality seems remote from the vision. Take Beijing, an early bird in garbage sorting, as an example. Even if the capital’s residents sort their garbage at home and throw them into different trash cans as required, almost all household garbage, including kitchen waste, is mixed up and transported away by the same rubbish truck.
Now it is the time for the government to reform its garbage disposal( 处 理 ) policies to ensure the formation of a complete industrial chain on garbage collection and recycling. For example, the household garbage disposal fee should be charged according to the total weight of the garbage each home produces in one year.
If the policy is carried on, resources can be saved and the environment improved.
【写作内容】
1. 用约30 个单词写出上文概要。
2. 用约120 个词发表你的观点，内容包括：
（1） 谈谈垃圾分类的意义（至少两点）；
（2） 请举例说明在实际生活中你能为垃圾分类做些什么。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
3. 不必写标题
【评分标准】
内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词汇适当。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】In response to President Xi's call, all major cities will soon get involved in garbage classification.
However, the bare fact is another story. Consequently, more practical and effective measures are required.（31 words）
“Garbage classification is vital to our life and environment. For one thing, garbage classification can help separate the recyclable waste from the rest. To reuse and recycle this kind of waste is to save resources to a large extent, which also contributes to environmental protection. For another, sorting waste is a meaningful deed. If everyone takes action, it can save the money and the time for a city to deal with rubbish.
Take myself as an example. It is necessary for me to form the habit of sorting out the garbage and encouraging people around me to follow the trend. To be more specific, with waste paper packed together, I can sell it and earn some pocket money.
In a word, we should bear in mind that garbage classification will bring profound rewards to our society.(136words)
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇提纲式作文，半开放性作文。
【详解】第1步：根据要求可知，用约30 个单词写出上文概要，并用约120 个词发表观点，内容包括2个方面，特别注意不能直接引用原文。时态是一般现在时。
第2步：概要得抓住关键词：garbage classification垃圾分类；all major cities主要城市；practical and effective measures实际有效的措施等。准备写观点的关键词组：rubbish垃圾；recyclable waste可回收垃圾；reuse and recycle再使用和再循环；environmental protection环境保护；take action采取行动；pack打包等。准备关键短语：In response to 回应…; get involved in 参与…；be vital to 对…很关键；to a large extent很大程度上；separate…from…从…分离…等
第3步：使用连接词过渡：However，For one thing ，For another，In a word等
第4步：连词成句：Garbage classification is vital to our life and environment.
garbage classification can help separate the recyclable waste from the rest.
To reuse and recycle this kind of waste is to save resources to a large extent, which also contributes to environmental protection等。
第5步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
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