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2022年7月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
pursuits B. interests C. cmparable D. innvatin E. schedule
F. ptins G. realizatin H. rutes I. subjects J. recipes K. mtivated
Creativity Is a Human Quality That Exists in Us
When yu think abut creativity , it might be highly creative peple like Mzart, da Vinci r Einstein wh spring t mind. They were all cnsidered t be “ geniuses” fr their smewhat in their fields. Their type f creativity is unique talents that led t glbal ( 31)_____________what's knwn as “Big C creativity” ( r histrical) and is nt very cmmn in everyday life.Nt all f us can create wrks f art r music r scientific theries that are new t the wrld.But while we can't all be Mzart, da Vinci r Einstein, many peple d enjy creative activity--thrugh hbbies such as water clur painting r playing the pian. And these types f are ften what peple think f when asked what being creative lks like.(32)___________are ften wheat peple think f when asked what being creative lks like.Our finished pieces may nt be (33 )____________with the likes f the great master,but ften the prcess is therapeutic and the end result can be aesthetically pleasing.
On tp f hbbies and (34)__________,we all psses creative attributes that can help as we slve life's prblems and make decisins. It is this type f creativity that enables us t plan different(35)__________t get t the same destinatin, r hw t fit in a trip t the supermarket when ur(36)__________ lks full.
It might nt sund very creative, but this aspect f creativity relies n ur ability I cnsider (37)____________and assess their suitability, as well as hw t make decisins based n persnal prir experience r what we have learnt frmally r infrmally. These examples are knwn as “ Small C creativity” r “persnal everyday creativity”.
While Big C creativity is valued and celebrated, it is ften Small C creativity that has allwed humans t flurish ver thusands f years. It sets us apart frm ther animals and it is als the type f creativity which can be fstered thrugh ur educatin system and beynd int
the wrkplace.Traditinally, research tells us that creativity has been largely assciated with the arts. Our previus research has shwn that teachers are ften able t give examples f creative activity in arts(38)___________,but find it harder t d s when asked t describe creativity in subjects such as science.
But there is a grwing (39)___________brader range f subjects. Fr instance, engineering prvides pprtunities t be creative thrugh prblem slving, and histry gives the pprtunity t think creatively abut why events happened,and what (40)__________thse invlved.
2022年1月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Future Fashin: Bimetric Bdysuits
A team f the Applied Nan Biscience Center at Arizna State University has built prttypes(原型)f bimetric bdysuits.They can detect chemical attacks, deliver drugs t their(31)________, r even perfume scents if yur bdy temperature rises t much. The(32)________ versin f the Scentsry Chamelen Bdysuit incrprates fuel cells t prvide a lightweight surce f pwer fr the sldier's equipment. The civilian ne can mnitr yur heart r bld pressure, deliver interactive games r simply wrk as a wearable cmputer. Yu will even be able t dwnlad new clrs and patterns frm the Web t change yur appearance accrding t this article frm East Valley Tribune in Arizna. Bth versins shuld(33) ______the market within a few years.
Fredere Zenhausen, directr f the Applied Nan Biscience Center at ASU, has jined with Ghassan Jabbur, a prfessr at the University f Arizna, t develp tw prttypes f "Bimetric bdysuits" that cntain embedded sensrs, pwer surces, micrfluidic devices and ther gadgets nt nrmally assciated with the latest Paris fashins. Such "smart" clthing culd (34) __________future sldiers early waning f chemical attacks r autmatically deliver insulin t diabetics, Zenhausemn said "The bimetric bdysuit shws hw electrnics and Fuidies (流体学)can be incrprated int clthing t perfrm a wide range f (35) ______ tasks, frm highly functinal t the aesthetic " he said.
The civilian Chamelen will have smewhat different(36)____________. Its bimetric utfit demnstrates hw miniature electrnics culd be embedded in clthing t prmte health is made f clear vinyl(乙烯基) and white plastics t shw the placement f varius electrnic and fuidic devices. In the future such an utfit culd diagnse diseases and deliver medicatins t the wearer, mnitr heart rate r bld pressure, deliver interactive games and ther frms f entertainment r(37) ___________as a wearable cmputer.
Anther pssibility wuld be t dwnlad different designs frm the Internet s the fabric culd change clrs ind patterns , Zenhausern suid. And if culd all be made t lk stylish by the (38)________f electrnics and high-fashin designs , he said. In fact, the cncept f embedding micrelectrnics in fabrics has ( 39 ) _____________ far beynd clthing. Sheila Kennedy , an Bstn-based architect and visiting prfessr at the Harvard Universally Graduate Schl f Design , sees pssibilities t (40 )__________the technlgy in building design. As an example , she said windw shades cntaining rganic light emitting dides (二极管 ) culd prduce electricity frm sunlight that wuld help generate pwer.
2021年6月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Grcery Shpping in Persn Or Online: Which Is Better?
Karen Spade knws hw t cllect cupns(优惠券) and price match. She runs her wn savings website t teach thers t shp and save as she des.
Yet when a nearby grcery stre started ffering nline shpping abut a mnth ag, Spade (31)_______at the chance t try it. She didn't even care there was a delivery fee and the stre did nt (32) ______ paper cupns r price matching fr nline rders. Why wuld a pwer shpper be willing t give up sme f her favrite savings (33)_________ t shp nline?
"Fr shppers(34)___________t cllect cupns and price match, shpping in-stre will bring bigger savings"Spade explained. But many peple are never ging t d that and, fr them,nline shpping is anther way t save, because yu can keep an eye n yur running ttal as yu shp t stick t yur budget.
“S Spade tk the plunge and managed t ( 35 )__________ her first rder. "I went t the stre afterwards t test ut what the price (36)_________ wuld have been, she said, "and I fund everything rdered was the same price at the stre.”
S if this is the case, then it's all abut whether yu can make back the delivery fee. Stres charge between$7.95 and$12.95 t deliver yur grceries, depending n the size f yur(37)___________.
Yu ffset(抵消) little f that mney right away because yu d nt have t pay fr gas. but the biggest benefit is the time saved by(38)_________ the trip. Shpping nline saves time in anther way. Even n yur very first nline shpping trip, if yu enter yur lyalty card number,all the prducts yu've bught befre at the stre shuld pp up as a(n(39)shpping list Just clicks the nes yu'd like t buy again and yu’re dne N(40) __________ wndering in the stre.
2021年1月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The nature is part f us. Therefre , it hlds a mysterius ( 31 )__________fr me. In my memry , the valley was quiet and calm, nly t see the wheat all ver the muntains waving tgether in rhythm when the wind blew thrugh, like a ballet trupe. The sun rse every mrning as usual, sweeping acrss the valley and ultimately falling behind the peaks. The snw that falls in winter always melts in spring, bringing new hpe t this nature where everything was pleasant and beautiful.
Led by fate , I have became an envirnmentalist and had the hnr f being invited t address students abut my green lifestyle fr a lng time. The students were surprised at my lifestyle and maybe they thught my lifestyle was n lnger suitable fr mdern life.Frtunately , they were still listened t whle lecture , saluting r ( 32 )_________ me-----t sme extent the applause implied their encuragement t me. s I began t interact with them under the stage, I was (33 )__________by kids' lack f knwledge f nature s that they had little knwledge f prtecting envirnment.
After the address, I put up a stand in the ( 34 )__________ffering green fd , hping them interested in it t get the ( 35 )____________experiencing a first-hand feeling f the green lifestyle n ne shws any interest in. S I decided t team up with the cncert (36)__________t run a campaign: “anyne wh can answer a( n) (37)__________ envirnmental questin is qualified t attend the cncert. Sn the music can (38 )___________them cming here”.
Since then , I have been cnsidering why kids tday d nt have the same deep appreciatin fr nature that I d. One f the significant factrs may be that the frmer rural civilizatin has been replaced by the urban civilizatin. In the past, the pr played the ( 39 )_________rle in the nature , s they cleared the wasteland, planted crps and reprduced civilizatin. With the massive invasin f industrializatin and urbanizatin, peple were frced t mve away frm nature. The struggle between traditin and mdernity , the cnfrntatin between humans and nature has led peple t believe that they are the masters f the universe. Is this really the case? It is time t think abut wh ( 40 )_________ us t destry nature.
2020年6月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The health fd chain Tssed has just pened the UK’s first cashless cafe. It’s anther step twards the death f cash.
This is nthing (31) ________. Mney is tech. The casting f cins made shells, whales’ teeth and ther such primitive frms f mney redundant (多余的). The printing press did the same fr precius metals: we started using paper (32) ________ instead. Electrnic banking put paid t the cheque. Cntact-less payment is nw ding the same t cash, which is becming less and less cnvenient. In the marketplace cnvenience usually wins.
In a wrld withut cash, every payment yu make will be (33) ________. D yu want gvernments (which are nt always benevlent), banks r payment prcessrs t have ptential access t that infrmatin? The pwer this (34) ________ them is enrmus and the ptential scpe fr Orwellian levels f surveillance is terrifying.
Cash, n the ther hand, (35) ________ its users. It enables them t buy and sell, and (36) ________ their wealth, withut being dependent n anyne else. They can stay utside the financial system, if s desired.
Cash has its uses fr small transactins – a chclate bar, a newspaper, a pint f milk - which, in the UK, are still (37) ________ t prcess by ther means. It will always be the fastest and mst direct frm f payment there is. I like t (38) ________ waiters, fr example, in cash, knwing they will receive that mney, withut it being siphned (转移) ff by sme (39) ________ emplyer. I als like t shp in markets, where I can buy directly frm the prducer knwing they will receive the mney, withut middle men (40) ________ ff their percentages.
Cash means ttal financial inclusin, a luxury the better-ff take fr granted. Withut financial inclusin - and there will always be sme wh, fr whatever reasn, wn’t have it - yu are trapped in pverty. S beware the war n cash.
2020年1月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
A.fcused B. cllabrating C. assumed D. ccupatins
E.frustratins F. widespread G. necessarily H. extensin
I. experiences J. mistakes K. crucially
Burnut in the Hspital：Why Dctrs Are Set Up fr Stress
Sme experts call physician bum ut “inevitable”, given the high-pressure envirnment in which they must make ptentially life-saving, and almst always life-altering, chices n a cnstant basis. Research shws that up t 40% f U. S. dctrs experience emtinal, physical, and psychlgical burnut frm their jbs, and the cnsequences are n different fr them than they are fr peple in ther (31) _________ — substance abuse and cutting cmers.
In the premiere issue f the jurnal Burnut Research, which is devted t research n the tpic, Anthny Mntgmery, an assciate prfessr in the Psychlgy f Wrk and Organizatins in the University f Macednia in Greece, (32) _________ n physician burnut, and argues that the way dctrs are trained may set them up fr a career f (33)_________ and high-stress situatins. And the cnsequences may be hurting the care they prvide patients.
He says that while dctrs interact with peple n a daily basis, their training and their wrth as physicians are fcused almst entirely n their technical capabilities, leaving them with few tls fr understanding and navigating scial interactins and fr (34) _________ as part f a larger team r rganizatin.
Mntgmery argues that mst medical students are chsen because f their high-test scres, s medical schl becmes like a(n) (35) _________ f schl. They then becme residents, thrwn int a mre scial envirnment in which they are expected t interact with patients, hspital staff and clleagues in ways they may nt have expected t r been prepared t d. It’s (36) _________ they have the leadership skills and the prper emtinal capacity t guide patients thrugh extremely stressful and ften traumatic (37) _________, but nt having the tls t manage these situatins can be stressful n the dctrs themselves. While burnut amng physicians is (38) _________, sme studies have shwn surgens and OBGYNs can be at a particularly high risk.
“The irny is that dctrs are the ne grup f peple we dn’t want t be stressed, yet we are increasing the pssibility fr them t make (39) _________,” says Mntgmery. “Dctrs understand that their jb is t be the best dctr they can, but they d nt (40)_________ understand their part in helping the hspital as a whle better serve the cmmunity.” In his practice, fr example, Mntgmery says that his clleagues admitted t learning skills like cmmunicatin and teamwrk n the jb, after they left medical schl.
2009年6月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
A. cunting B. determined C. distractin D. envirnmental E. fcus F. mderate
G. naturally H. perfrming I. wrsening J. cmprehensively K. mdified
Mypia, r shrt-sightedness, is a cnditin in which distant bjects appear blurred (模糊的), but clser bject can usually be seen in sharp fcus. Its bilgical basis is an eye that, during childhd, has grwn t lng fr its ptical pwer. The fcal plane fr images f distant bjects ends up in frnt f the retina, causing ut-f-_____31_____ perceptin.
Mypia was nce regarded as almst ttally genetically _____32_____. But its prevalence (流行) has increased spectacularly in urban mainland China, Hng Kng, Taiwan, Singapre, Japan and Suth Krea, where 80-90% f thse cmpleting high schl are nw shrt-sighted. This is up frm 20-30% nly tw generatins ag. Since gene pls d nt change that fast, these massive changes must be due t _____33_____ change. In 2005, we _____34_____ reviewed the research n mypia and fund a crrelatin with educatin. (This was nt a particularly nvel insight; such a link was suppsed as far back as Kepler in 1604.) We fund lcatins with a high prevalence f mypia were all tp perfrmers in surveys f internatinal educatinal utcmes.
Frtunately, nt all high-_____35_____ lcatins, Australia amng them, shwed a high prevalence f mypia. This shws that high educatinal utcmes d nt necessarily lead t mypia. We als hypthesized that all human ppulatin grups had a tendency t develp mypia under particular envirnmental cnditins. Indeed, Nrth America and Eurpe have seen grwing rates f mypia, althugh they are still nwhere near as high as in East and Sutheast Asia.
A cmmn cutff fr high mypia is - 5 dipters (屈光度).This means visin is blurred beynd 20cm frm the eyes. Such severe r high mypia increases with age and can lead t visual impairment that can’t be crrected. The prevalence f high mypia has nw reached 20% in yung adults in East and Sutheast Asia, which freshadws majr increases in visual _____36_____ and blindness as these yung adults age. S preventin f mypia has becme crucial, particularly fr East and Sutheast Asia.
Australia has _____37_____ lw levels f mypia with a lifestyle that emphasizes utdrs activities. Yung children reprt spending tw t three hurs a day utside, nt _____38_____ time utdrs at schl. Hwever, there are frmidable barriers t achieving this benchmark in lcatins where spending time utdrs is seen as a(n) _____39_____ frm study. Plicy respnses must therefre als aim t slw the prgressin f mypia, the phenmenn in which mild t _____40_____ mypia becmes mre severe during childhd. There is currently cntrversy ver whether time utdrs slws prgressin, but strng seasnal effects prgressin suggest that it may.
2009年1月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Bill Draytn believes we’re in the middle f a necessary but painful histrical transitin. Fr millenniums mst peple’s lives had a certain 31 . Yu went t schl t learn a trade r a skill-baking, farming r accunting. Then yu culd g int the wrkfrce and make a gd living repeating the same skill ver the curse f yur career.
But these days machines can d pretty much anything that’s 32 . The new wrld requires a different srt f persn. Draytn calls this new srt f persnal changemaker.
Changemakers are peple wh can see the patterns arund them, identify the prblems in any situatin, figure ut ways t slve the prblems in any situatin, figure ut ways t slve the prblem, rganize fluid teams, lead cllective actin and then 33 adapt as situatins change.
Fr example, Ashka fellw Andrés Gallard is a Mexican wh lived in a high crime neighbrhd. He created an app, called Haus, that allws peple t 34 with their neighbrs. The app has a panic buttn that 35 everybdy in the neighbrhd when a crime is happening. It allws neighbrs t rganize, chat, share crime statistics and wrk tgether.
T frm and lead this cmmunity f cmmunities, Gallard had t pssess what Draytn calls “cgnitive empathy-based living fr the gd f all.” Cngnitive empathy is the ability t perceive hw peple are feeling in 36 circumstances. “Fr the gd f all” is the capacity t build teams.
It desn’t matter if yu are wrking in the cafeteria r the inspectin line f a plant, cmpanies will nw nly hire peple wh can 37 prblems and rganize respnses.
Millins f peple already live with the mind-set. But a lt f peple still inhabit the wrld f fllwing rules and repetitive skills. They hear sciety telling them: We dn’t need yu. We dn’t need yur kids, either.” Of curse, thse peple g int reactinary mde and strike back.
The central 38 f ur time, Draytn says, is t make everyne a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, sciety realized it needed universal 39 . Tday, schls have t develp the curriculums and assessments t make the changemaking mentality universal. They have t understand this is their criteria fr success.
Ashka has studied scial mvements t find ut hw this kind f 40 shift can be prmted. It turns ut that successful mvements take similar steps.
2008年6月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Sme Very “American” Wrds Cme frm Chinese
Many f the Chinese wrds that are nw part f English were brrwed lng ag. They are mst ften frm Cantnese r ther Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let’s start t learn them.
kwtw
The English wrd kwtw is a verb that means t agree t easily t d what smene else wants yu t d, r t bey smene with pwer in a way that seems weak. It cmes frm the Cantnese wrd kau tau, which means "knck yur head." It refers t the act f kneeling and lwering ne's head as a sign f respect t ___31___ – such as emperrs, elders and leaders. In the case f emperrs, the act required the persn t tuch their head t the grund. Britain's Lrd Gerge Macartney refused t "kau tau" t the Qianlng Emperr. Sn after, the English wrd "kwtw" was brn. In 1793, Britain's King Gerge III sent Lrd Gerge Macartney and ther trade ambassadrs t China t ___32___ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them t kwtw t the Qianlng Emperr. As the stry ges, Lrd Macartney refused fr his ___33___ t d mre than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required t d fr their wn king.
It is nt surprising, then, that Macartney left China withut negtiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the wrd kwtw when anyne was t submissive t China. Tday, the usage has n cnnectin t China, nr any specific plitical cnnectin.
gung-h
Anther brrwed wrd that came abut thrugh ___34___ between tw natins is gung-h. In English, the wrd gung-h is an adjective that means extremely excited abut ding smething. The Chinese characters "gōng" and "hé" tgether mean "wrk tgether, cperate." The riginal term -- gōngyè hézuòshè -- means Chinese Industrial Cperatives. The rganizatins were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China t prmte industrial and ecnmic develpment. Lt. Clnel Evans Carlsn f the United States Marine Crps bserved these cperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying " the sldiers ___35___ themselves t ne idea and wrked tgether t put that idea ver." He then began using the term gung-h in the Marine Crps t try t create the same spirit he had ___36___. In 1942, he used the wrd as a training slgan fr the 2nd Marine Raider Battalin during Wrld War II. The men were ften called the "Gung H Battalin." Frm then, the wrd gung-h spread as a slgan thrughut the Marine Crps. Tday, its meaning has n relatin t the military.
typhn
In English, a typhn is a very pwerful and ___37___ strm that ccurs arund the China Sea and in the Suth Pacific. The wrd histry f typhn had a far less direct path t the English language than gung-h. And nt all histrical accunts are the same. But, accrding t the Merriam-Webster New Bk f Wrd Histries, the first typhns reprted in the English language were in India and were called "tuffns" r "tufans." The wrd tufan r al-tufan is Arabic and means vilent strm r fld. The English came acrss this wrd in India and brrwed it as tuffn. Later, when English ships encuntered vilent strms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantnese wrd tai fung, which means "great wind." The wrd's ___38___ t tuffn is nly by chance. The mdern frm f the wrd – typhn – was influenced by the Cantnese but ___39___ t make it appear mre Greek.
The American” wrds are meaningful and vivid, ___40___ them frm their histry.
2008年1月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Palaces are knwn fr their beauty and splendr, but they ffer little prtectin against attacks. It is easy t defend a frtress, but frtresses are nt designed with the cmfrt f a king r queen in mind. When it cmes t structures that are bth ___31___ and well-frtified, the classic Eurpean castle is the pinnacle f design. Acrss the ages castles changed, develped, and eventually fell ut f use, but they still cmmand the ___32___ f ur culture.
Castles were ___33___ built in England by Nrman invaders in 1066. As William the Cnquerr ___34___ thrugh England, he frtified key psitins t secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allwed the Nrman lrds t retreat t safety when threatened by English ___35___. Castles als served as bases f peratin fr ffensive attacks. Trps were summned t, rganized arund, and deplyed frm castles. In this way castles served bth ___36___ and defensive rles in military peratins.
Nt limited t military purpses, castles als served as ffices frm which the lrd wuld administer cntrl ver his fiefdm. That is t say, the lrd f the land wuld hld curt in his castle. Thse that were scially beneath the lrd wuld cme t reprt the affairs f the lands that they ___37___ and pay tribute t the lrd. They wuld ___38___ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjy festivities. In this way castles served as imprtant scial centers in medieval England. Castles als served as symbls f pwer. Built n prminent sites ___39___ the surrunding areas, castles cnstantly lmed in the backgrund f many peasants' lives and served as a daily ___40___ f the lrd's strength.
2007年6月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The iPhne X, Apple’s new smartphne, is equipped with facial recgnitin. 31______, its scanner can unlck the system. It requires n buttns t be pressed, being always ready t read yur face. Andrid users can expect similar 32______ as well.
Fr the millins f peple wh will sn depend n facial recgnitin t check their email, send a text r make a call, it will be quick, easy and pretty “cl” t use. Hwever, as we grw 33______t the technlgy, we cannt becme numb t the prblems that cme with it.
Facial recgnitin is already used everywhere. In China, plice use the technlgy t identify peple wh jaywalk (乱穿马路). In the United State, mre than half f all adults are in a facial recgnitin database that can be used fr criminal investigatin. Gvernments, hwever, are nt the nly users f facial recgnitin. Retailers use the technlgy in their stres t identify 34______ shplifters. One scial media app in Russia allws strangers t find ut wh yu are just by taking a pht f yu.
Hwever, different users f facial recgnitin prduce different levels f accuracy. Camera distance, lighting, facial pse all affect the accuracy. Officials at the New Yrk Plice Department, fr example, have 35______ at least five misidentificatins by their facial recgnitin system. If the iPhne’s new system is similarly 36______, n ne will cnsider it t be acceptable security fr ur persnal infrmatin. 37______ it prbably wn’t be. But fr many f the systems elsewhere, mistakes and 38______ f privacy might be unavidable.
As the smartphne f chice fr many users, the iPhne’s 39______ f facial recgnitin may encurage cnsumers t accept the technlgy elsewhere. Hwever, even as we chse t explre the cnvenience facial recgnitin might ffer, we shuld als be suspicius f the many ways it can be used. Facial recgnitin may well be 40______. Its risks need nt be!
2007年1月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Why Yur Passwrd May Nt Be As Safe As It Seems
Des “qaz2ws” strike yu as a nice safe passwrd? What abut "adgimptw"? An analysis has fund them t be amng the passwrds that are mst ____31_____ used, which f curse means they are nt secure at all.
When ten millin passwrds were leaked t the internet, they appeared t ____32_____ that attempts by internet security experts t make us imprve ur passwrd strength had been successful, even, in the specific case f the leaked passwrds, they were als cmpletely pintless.
While many f the passwrds were still single wrds, such as “passwrd”, there was als a clear attempt by many t make them harder t ____33_____. The prblem was that peple seemed t d s in the same way.
“Users are becming slightly mre ____34_____ f what makes a passwrd strng,” explained WP Engine, an internet cmpany that perfrmed the analysis. “Fr instance, adding a number r tw at the end f a text phrase. That makes it better, right?”
But ____35_____ n. They fund that almst half a millin passwrds did this—and in 20 per cent f thse all peple did was put the number "1" at the end.
Perhaps this is why sme cmpanies are nw trying t mve gradually beynd passwrds. Yah! is giving users the ptin t assciate their mbile phne with an accunt, and have a single use passwrd texted t it each time they want t ____36_____ n.
Althugh the service is vluntary, Dylan Casey, an executive at Yah!, said that it was “the first step t ____37_____ passwrds”. He said it was a(n) ____38_____ that it was increasingly hard fr peple t remember all the passwrds they had. “I dn’t think we, as an industry, have dne a gd enugh jb f putting urselves in the shes f the peple using ur prducts,” he said.
It wuld certainly be a mre sensible strategy than sme peple’s imprving upn “passwrd” by using “wassprd” r tran5p053d numb3r5f0r13tt3r5.
“We are, fr the mst part, predictably ____39_____ when it cmes t chsing passwrds, despite a decade f warnings frm passwrd strength checkers during sign-ups”, said WP Engine, “We lve taking a(n)____40_____ , and s d passwrd cracker.”
模拟练习（一）
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
（2023春·上海·高三复旦附中校考阶段练习）Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The Mega-City EnvirnmentMega-cities suffer frm a catalg f envirnmental ills. A Wrld Health Organizatin(WHO)/United Natins Envirnment Prgram(UNEP)study fund that seven f the cities-Mexic City, Beijing, Cair, Jakarta, Ls Angeles, Sa Paul and Mscw-had three r mre pllutants that 11 the WHO health prtectin guidelines. All 20 f the cities studied by WHO/UNEP had at least ne majr pllutant that went beynd 12 health limits.
Accrding t the Wrld Resurces Institute, “Millins f children living in the wrld’s largest cities, particularly in develping cuntries, are 13 t life-threatening air pllutin tw t eight times abve the maximum based n WHO guidelines. Indeed, mre than 80 percent f all deaths in develping cuntries 14 t air pllutin-induced lung infectins are amng children under five.” In the big Asian mega-cities such as New Delhi, Beijing and Jakarta, apprximately 20 t 30 percent f all respiratry diseases 15 frm air pllutin.
Almst all f the mega-cities face majr fresh water challenges. Jhannesburg, Suth Africa, is frced t draw water frm highlands 370 miles away. In Bangkk, saltwater is invading aquifers(地下蓄水层). Mexic City has a serius 16 prblem because f excessive grundwater withdrawal.
Mre than a billin peple, 20 percent f the wrld’s ppulatin, live withut regular 17 t clean running water. While pr peple are frced t pay high fees fr private water, many cities squander their resurces thrugh leakages and illegal 18 . “With the ppulatin f cities expected t increase t five billin by 2025,” says Klaus Tepfer, executive directr f the UNEP, “the urban demand fr water is set t increase rapidly. This means that any slutin t the water crisis is clsely linked t the gvernance f cities.“
Mega-city residents, crwded int unsanitary slums, are als subject t serius disease utbreaks. Lima, Peru(with ppulatin estimated at 9.4 millin by 2015)suffered a chlera utbreak in the late 1990s partly because, as the New Yrk Times reprted, ”rural peple new t in huses withut running water and use the uthuses(屋外厕所)that 19 the hillsides abve.“
It’s wrth lking at sme f these 20 mega-cities in detail, because daily life there is likely t be the pattern fr a majrity f the wrld’s ppulatin. Mst are already experiencing severe envirnmental prblems that will nly be wrsened by rapid ppulatin increases.
模拟练习（二）
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
（2023春·上海杨浦·高三上海市杨浦高级中学校考阶段练习）Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Yung Chinese pera directr bradens traditinal art frm
“Chinese pera art is like a huge spnge, cnstantly absrbing, transfrming, merging and flurishing,” says traditinal Chinese pera directr Li Zhuqun, wh is 11 with creating a market fr traditinal pera shws in small theaters acrss China.
Perfrmed in 2013, Li Zhuqun’s first 12 wrk “Death D Us Part” is a stry 13 frm the 14th-century Chinese classic nvel “Water Margin”. Li, a graduate f the Natinal Academy f Chinese Theater Arts, says that perfrming this classic piece fr tday’s audience is an experiment and a challenge.
“We decided t shrten the divrce scene that lasted fur r five days in rder t 14 the effect f ur vcals and dramatic perfrmances. We als invited mdern dancers t wrk with us. We 15 the perfrmance methds f traditinal pera with the rhythm f mdem dance.”
Li defines her team as “small, deep, refined and brad”. She explained, “‘Small’ in its size, vlume and 16 . ‘Deep’ refers t ur perfrmance and the depth f the script. ‘Refined’ refers t the prductin f the 17 makeup, prps, sund and light. ‘Brad’ refers t its 18 and peratin.”
“We target all ages and a wider audience.” T Li, traditinal pera is “the art f regret” due t the unique charm f 19 perfrmances. She aims t allw the audience t enjy every minute f the shw and draw mre peple t the theater. Li said, “We hpe t find a pssibility fr small theater pera t make a breakthrugh in terms f the market and target audience. With the develpment f aesthetics (审美) and sciety, ur generatin needs t 20 a wider and mre varied artistic vcabulary int traditinal pera. Yet it shuld still develp n the basis f maintaining the characteristics f traditinal pera.”
characteristics B. diverse C. emply D. functin E issue F. Integratin
hit H. military I. ptential J. schemes K. wearers
allw B.bthering C. gap D. inaccessible E. inefficient F. jumped
G.custmized H. place I. purchase J. skipping K. strategies
A.applauding B. entry-level C. struck D. fascinatin E. back-seal F. stuck
G. stand H. prmter I. hk J. dminant K. empwered
A. empwers B. hands C. innvative D. mean E. prints
F. ntes G. shaving H. stre I. tip J. traceable K. unecnmic
A. repetitiveB. cntinuallyC. alertsD. pattern
E. lcateF. mentalG. challengeH. netwrk
I. evlvingJ. reverselyK. literacy
A.cmmitted B. cmpared C. cntact D. delegatin E. destructive
F. humble G. negtiate H. respelled I. similarity J. superirs K. witnessed
A.address B. fascinatin C.gverned D. impsing E.ffensive F.riginally G.verlking H. rebellin I.reminder J. randmly K.swept
A. suspected B.Frtunately C. invasins D. inevitable E.accustmed
F. unreliable G. features H. acknwledged I. inclusin J. transferred K.Instantly
A. acknwledgement B. actually C. cmmnly D. cnfirm E. cnscius
F. crack G. eliminate H. independent I. lg J. shrtcut K. unimaginative
A．stem B．dt C． attributable D．exceeded E. verlk F. expsed
G. drainage H. emerging I. sinking J. access K. established
A．live B．adapted C． perspective D．maximize E. cstumes F. inject
G. credited H. directrial I. publicity J. prspect K. integrated
2022年7月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the wrds in the bx. Each wrd can nly be used nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
pursuits B. interests C. cmparable D. innvatin E. schedule
F. ptins G. realizatin H. rutes I. subjects J. recipes K. mtivated
Creativity Is a Human Quality That Exists in Us
When yu think abut creativity , it might be highly creative peple like Mzart, da Vinci r Einstein wh spring t mind. They were all cnsidered t be “ geniuses” fr their smewhat in their fields. Their type f creativity is unique talents that led t glbal ( 31)_____________what's knwn as “Big C creativity” ( r histrical) and is nt very cmmn in everyday life.Nt all f us can create wrks f art r music r scientific theries that are new t the wrld.But while we can't all be Mzart, da Vinci r Einstein, many peple d enjy creative activity--thrugh hbbies such as water clur painting r playing the pian. And these types f are ften what peple think f when asked what being creative lks like.(32)___________are ften wheat peple think f when asked what being creative lks like.Our finished pieces may nt be (33 )____________with the likes f the great master,but ften the prcess is therapeutic and the end result can be aesthetically pleasing.
On tp f hbbies and (34)__________,we all psses creative attributes that can help as we slve life's prblems and make decisins. It is this type f creativity that enables us t plan different(35)__________t get t the same destinatin, r hw t fit in a trip t the supermarket when ur(36)__________ lks full.
It might nt sund very creative, but this aspect f creativity relies n ur ability I cnsider (37)____________and assess their suitability, as well as hw t make decisins based n persnal prir experience r what we have learnt frmally r infrmally. These examples are knwn as “ Small C creativity” r “persnal everyday creativity”.
While Big C creativity is valued and celebrated, it is ften Small C creativity that has allwed humans t flurish ver thusands f years. It sets us apart frm ther animals and it is als the type f creativity which can be fstered thrugh ur educatin system and beynd int
the wrkplace.Traditinally, research tells us that creativity has been largely assciated with the arts. Our previus research has shwn that teachers are ften able t give examples f creative activity in arts(38)___________,but find it harder t d s when asked t describe creativity in subjects such as science.
But there is a grwing (39)___________brader range f subjects. Fr instance, engineering prvides pprtunities t be creative thrugh prblem slving, and histry gives the pprtunity t think creatively abut why events happened,and what (40)__________thse invlved.
2022年1月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Future Fashin: Bimetric Bdysuits
A team f the Applied Nan Biscience Center at Arizna State University has built prttypes(原型)f bimetric bdysuits.They can detect chemical attacks, deliver drugs t their(31)________, r even perfume scents if yur bdy temperature rises t much. The(32)________ versin f the Scentsry Chamelen Bdysuit incrprates fuel cells t prvide a lightweight surce f pwer fr the sldier's equipment. The civilian ne can mnitr yur heart r bld pressure, deliver interactive games r simply wrk as a wearable cmputer. Yu will even be able t dwnlad new clrs and patterns frm the Web t change yur appearance accrding t this article frm East Valley Tribune in Arizna. Bth versins shuld(33) ______the market within a few years.
Fredere Zenhausen, directr f the Applied Nan Biscience Center at ASU, has jined with Ghassan Jabbur, a prfessr at the University f Arizna, t develp tw prttypes f "Bimetric bdysuits" that cntain embedded sensrs, pwer surces, micrfluidic devices and ther gadgets nt nrmally assciated with the latest Paris fashins. Such "smart" clthing culd (34) __________future sldiers early waning f chemical attacks r autmatically deliver insulin t diabetics, Zenhausemn said "The bimetric bdysuit shws hw electrnics and Fuidies (流体学)can be incrprated int clthing t perfrm a wide range f (35) ______ tasks, frm highly functinal t the aesthetic " he said.
The civilian Chamelen will have smewhat different(36)____________. Its bimetric utfit demnstrates hw miniature electrnics culd be embedded in clthing t prmte health is made f clear vinyl(乙烯基) and white plastics t shw the placement f varius electrnic and fuidic devices. In the future such an utfit culd diagnse diseases and deliver medicatins t the wearer, mnitr heart rate r bld pressure, deliver interactive games and ther frms f entertainment r(37) ___________as a wearable cmputer.
Anther pssibility wuld be t dwnlad different designs frm the Internet s the fabric culd change clrs ind patterns , Zenhausern suid. And if culd all be made t lk stylish by the (38)________f electrnics and high-fashin designs , he said. In fact, the cncept f embedding micrelectrnics in fabrics has ( 39 ) _____________ far beynd clthing. Sheila Kennedy , an Bstn-based architect and visiting prfessr at the Harvard Universally Graduate Schl f Design , sees pssibilities t (40 )__________the technlgy in building design. As an example , she said windw shades cntaining rganic light emitting dides (二极管 ) culd prduce electricity frm sunlight that wuld help generate pwer.
2021年6月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Grcery Shpping in Persn Or Online: Which Is Better?
Karen Spade knws hw t cllect cupns(优惠券) and price match. She runs her wn savings website t teach thers t shp and save as she des.
Yet when a nearby grcery stre started ffering nline shpping abut a mnth ag, Spade (31)_______at the chance t try it. She didn't even care there was a delivery fee and the stre did nt (32) ______ paper cupns r price matching fr nline rders. Why wuld a pwer shpper be willing t give up sme f her favrite savings (33)_________ t shp nline?
"Fr shppers(34)___________t cllect cupns and price match, shpping in-stre will bring bigger savings"Spade explained. But many peple are never ging t d that and, fr them,nline shpping is anther way t save, because yu can keep an eye n yur running ttal as yu shp t stick t yur budget.
“S Spade tk the plunge and managed t ( 35 )__________ her first rder. "I went t the stre afterwards t test ut what the price (36)_________ wuld have been, she said, "and I fund everything rdered was the same price at the stre.”
S if this is the case, then it's all abut whether yu can make back the delivery fee. Stres charge between$7.95 and$12.95 t deliver yur grceries, depending n the size f yur(37)___________.
Yu ffset(抵消) little f that mney right away because yu d nt have t pay fr gas. but the biggest benefit is the time saved by(38)_________ the trip. Shpping nline saves time in anther way. Even n yur very first nline shpping trip, if yu enter yur lyalty card number,all the prducts yu've bught befre at the stre shuld pp up as a(n(39)shpping list Just clicks the nes yu'd like t buy again and yu’re dne N(40) __________ wndering in the stre.
2021年1月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The nature is part f us. Therefre , it hlds a mysterius ( 31 )__________fr me. In my memry , the valley was quiet and calm, nly t see the wheat all ver the muntains waving tgether in rhythm when the wind blew thrugh, like a ballet trupe. The sun rse every mrning as usual, sweeping acrss the valley and ultimately falling behind the peaks. The snw that falls in winter always melts in spring, bringing new hpe t this nature where everything was pleasant and beautiful.
Led by fate , I have became an envirnmentalist and had the hnr f being invited t address students abut my green lifestyle fr a lng time. The students were surprised at my lifestyle and maybe they thught my lifestyle was n lnger suitable fr mdern life.Frtunately , they were still listened t whle lecture , saluting r ( 32 )_________ me-----t sme extent the applause implied their encuragement t me. s I began t interact with them under the stage, I was (33 )__________by kids' lack f knwledge f nature s that they had little knwledge f prtecting envirnment.
After the address, I put up a stand in the ( 34 )__________ffering green fd , hping them interested in it t get the ( 35 )____________experiencing a first-hand feeling f the green lifestyle n ne shws any interest in. S I decided t team up with the cncert (36)__________t run a campaign: “anyne wh can answer a( n) (37)__________ envirnmental questin is qualified t attend the cncert. Sn the music can (38 )___________them cming here”.
Since then , I have been cnsidering why kids tday d nt have the same deep appreciatin fr nature that I d. One f the significant factrs may be that the frmer rural civilizatin has been replaced by the urban civilizatin. In the past, the pr played the ( 39 )_________rle in the nature , s they cleared the wasteland, planted crps and reprduced civilizatin. With the massive invasin f industrializatin and urbanizatin, peple were frced t mve away frm nature. The struggle between traditin and mdernity , the cnfrntatin between humans and nature has led peple t believe that they are the masters f the universe. Is this really the case? It is time t think abut wh ( 40 )_________ us t destry nature.
2020年6月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The health fd chain Tssed has just pened the UK’s first cashless cafe. It’s anther step twards the death f cash.
This is nthing (31) ________. Mney is tech. The casting f cins made shells, whales’ teeth and ther such primitive frms f mney redundant (多余的). The printing press did the same fr precius metals: we started using paper (32) ________ instead. Electrnic banking put paid t the cheque. Cntact-less payment is nw ding the same t cash, which is becming less and less cnvenient. In the marketplace cnvenience usually wins.
In a wrld withut cash, every payment yu make will be (33) ________. D yu want gvernments (which are nt always benevlent), banks r payment prcessrs t have ptential access t that infrmatin? The pwer this (34) ________ them is enrmus and the ptential scpe fr Orwellian levels f surveillance is terrifying.
Cash, n the ther hand, (35) ________ its users. It enables them t buy and sell, and (36) ________ their wealth, withut being dependent n anyne else. They can stay utside the financial system, if s desired.
Cash has its uses fr small transactins – a chclate bar, a newspaper, a pint f milk - which, in the UK, are still (37) ________ t prcess by ther means. It will always be the fastest and mst direct frm f payment there is. I like t (38) ________ waiters, fr example, in cash, knwing they will receive that mney, withut it being siphned (转移) ff by sme (39) ________ emplyer. I als like t shp in markets, where I can buy directly frm the prducer knwing they will receive the mney, withut middle men (40) ________ ff their percentages.
Cash means ttal financial inclusin, a luxury the better-ff take fr granted. Withut financial inclusin - and there will always be sme wh, fr whatever reasn, wn’t have it - yu are trapped in pverty. S beware the war n cash.
2020年1月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
A.fcused B. cllabrating C. assumed D. ccupatins
E.frustratins F. widespread G. necessarily H. extensin
I. experiences J. mistakes K. crucially
Burnut in the Hspital：Why Dctrs Are Set Up fr Stress
Sme experts call physician bum ut “inevitable”, given the high-pressure envirnment in which they must make ptentially life-saving, and almst always life-altering, chices n a cnstant basis. Research shws that up t 40% f U. S. dctrs experience emtinal, physical, and psychlgical burnut frm their jbs, and the cnsequences are n different fr them than they are fr peple in ther (31) _________ — substance abuse and cutting cmers.
In the premiere issue f the jurnal Burnut Research, which is devted t research n the tpic, Anthny Mntgmery, an assciate prfessr in the Psychlgy f Wrk and Organizatins in the University f Macednia in Greece, (32) _________ n physician burnut, and argues that the way dctrs are trained may set them up fr a career f (33)_________ and high-stress situatins. And the cnsequences may be hurting the care they prvide patients.
He says that while dctrs interact with peple n a daily basis, their training and their wrth as physicians are fcused almst entirely n their technical capabilities, leaving them with few tls fr understanding and navigating scial interactins and fr (34) _________ as part f a larger team r rganizatin.
Mntgmery argues that mst medical students are chsen because f their high-test scres, s medical schl becmes like a(n) (35) _________ f schl. They then becme residents, thrwn int a mre scial envirnment in which they are expected t interact with patients, hspital staff and clleagues in ways they may nt have expected t r been prepared t d. It’s (36) _________ they have the leadership skills and the prper emtinal capacity t guide patients thrugh extremely stressful and ften traumatic (37) _________, but nt having the tls t manage these situatins can be stressful n the dctrs themselves. While burnut amng physicians is (38) _________, sme studies have shwn surgens and OBGYNs can be at a particularly high risk.
“The irny is that dctrs are the ne grup f peple we dn’t want t be stressed, yet we are increasing the pssibility fr them t make (39) _________,” says Mntgmery. “Dctrs understand that their jb is t be the best dctr they can, but they d nt (40)_________ understand their part in helping the hspital as a whle better serve the cmmunity.” In his practice, fr example, Mntgmery says that his clleagues admitted t learning skills like cmmunicatin and teamwrk n the jb, after they left medical schl.
2009年6月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
A. cunting B. determined C. distractin D. envirnmental E. fcus F. mderate
G. naturally H. perfrming I. wrsening J. cmprehensively K. mdified
Mypia, r shrt-sightedness, is a cnditin in which distant bjects appear blurred (模糊的), but clser bject can usually be seen in sharp fcus. Its bilgical basis is an eye that, during childhd, has grwn t lng fr its ptical pwer. The fcal plane fr images f distant bjects ends up in frnt f the retina, causing ut-f-_____31_____ perceptin.
Mypia was nce regarded as almst ttally genetically _____32_____. But its prevalence (流行) has increased spectacularly in urban mainland China, Hng Kng, Taiwan, Singapre, Japan and Suth Krea, where 80-90% f thse cmpleting high schl are nw shrt-sighted. This is up frm 20-30% nly tw generatins ag. Since gene pls d nt change that fast, these massive changes must be due t _____33_____ change. In 2005, we _____34_____ reviewed the research n mypia and fund a crrelatin with educatin. (This was nt a particularly nvel insight; such a link was suppsed as far back as Kepler in 1604.) We fund lcatins with a high prevalence f mypia were all tp perfrmers in surveys f internatinal educatinal utcmes.
Frtunately, nt all high-_____35_____ lcatins, Australia amng them, shwed a high prevalence f mypia. This shws that high educatinal utcmes d nt necessarily lead t mypia. We als hypthesized that all human ppulatin grups had a tendency t develp mypia under particular envirnmental cnditins. Indeed, Nrth America and Eurpe have seen grwing rates f mypia, althugh they are still nwhere near as high as in East and Sutheast Asia.
A cmmn cutff fr high mypia is - 5 dipters (屈光度).This means visin is blurred beynd 20cm frm the eyes. Such severe r high mypia increases with age and can lead t visual impairment that can’t be crrected. The prevalence f high mypia has nw reached 20% in yung adults in East and Sutheast Asia, which freshadws majr increases in visual _____36_____ and blindness as these yung adults age. S preventin f mypia has becme crucial, particularly fr East and Sutheast Asia.
Australia has _____37_____ lw levels f mypia with a lifestyle that emphasizes utdrs activities. Yung children reprt spending tw t three hurs a day utside, nt _____38_____ time utdrs at schl. Hwever, there are frmidable barriers t achieving this benchmark in lcatins where spending time utdrs is seen as a(n) _____39_____ frm study. Plicy respnses must therefre als aim t slw the prgressin f mypia, the phenmenn in which mild t _____40_____ mypia becmes mre severe during childhd. There is currently cntrversy ver whether time utdrs slws prgressin, but strng seasnal effects prgressin suggest that it may.
2009年1月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Bill Draytn believes we’re in the middle f a necessary but painful histrical transitin. Fr millenniums mst peple’s lives had a certain 31 . Yu went t schl t learn a trade r a skill-baking, farming r accunting. Then yu culd g int the wrkfrce and make a gd living repeating the same skill ver the curse f yur career.
But these days machines can d pretty much anything that’s 32 . The new wrld requires a different srt f persn. Draytn calls this new srt f persnal changemaker.
Changemakers are peple wh can see the patterns arund them, identify the prblems in any situatin, figure ut ways t slve the prblems in any situatin, figure ut ways t slve the prblem, rganize fluid teams, lead cllective actin and then 33 adapt as situatins change.
Fr example, Ashka fellw Andrés Gallard is a Mexican wh lived in a high crime neighbrhd. He created an app, called Haus, that allws peple t 34 with their neighbrs. The app has a panic buttn that 35 everybdy in the neighbrhd when a crime is happening. It allws neighbrs t rganize, chat, share crime statistics and wrk tgether.
T frm and lead this cmmunity f cmmunities, Gallard had t pssess what Draytn calls “cgnitive empathy-based living fr the gd f all.” Cngnitive empathy is the ability t perceive hw peple are feeling in 36 circumstances. “Fr the gd f all” is the capacity t build teams.
It desn’t matter if yu are wrking in the cafeteria r the inspectin line f a plant, cmpanies will nw nly hire peple wh can 37 prblems and rganize respnses.
Millins f peple already live with the mind-set. But a lt f peple still inhabit the wrld f fllwing rules and repetitive skills. They hear sciety telling them: We dn’t need yu. We dn’t need yur kids, either.” Of curse, thse peple g int reactinary mde and strike back.
The central 38 f ur time, Draytn says, is t make everyne a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, sciety realized it needed universal 39 . Tday, schls have t develp the curriculums and assessments t make the changemaking mentality universal. They have t understand this is their criteria fr success.
Ashka has studied scial mvements t find ut hw this kind f 40 shift can be prmted. It turns ut that successful mvements take similar steps.
2008年6月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Sme Very “American” Wrds Cme frm Chinese
Many f the Chinese wrds that are nw part f English were brrwed lng ag. They are mst ften frm Cantnese r ther Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let’s start t learn them.
kwtw
The English wrd kwtw is a verb that means t agree t easily t d what smene else wants yu t d, r t bey smene with pwer in a way that seems weak. It cmes frm the Cantnese wrd kau tau, which means "knck yur head." It refers t the act f kneeling and lwering ne's head as a sign f respect t ___31___ – such as emperrs, elders and leaders. In the case f emperrs, the act required the persn t tuch their head t the grund. Britain's Lrd Gerge Macartney refused t "kau tau" t the Qianlng Emperr. Sn after, the English wrd "kwtw" was brn. In 1793, Britain's King Gerge III sent Lrd Gerge Macartney and ther trade ambassadrs t China t ___32___ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them t kwtw t the Qianlng Emperr. As the stry ges, Lrd Macartney refused fr his ___33___ t d mre than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required t d fr their wn king.
It is nt surprising, then, that Macartney left China withut negtiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the wrd kwtw when anyne was t submissive t China. Tday, the usage has n cnnectin t China, nr any specific plitical cnnectin.
gung-h
Anther brrwed wrd that came abut thrugh ___34___ between tw natins is gung-h. In English, the wrd gung-h is an adjective that means extremely excited abut ding smething. The Chinese characters "gōng" and "hé" tgether mean "wrk tgether, cperate." The riginal term -- gōngyè hézuòshè -- means Chinese Industrial Cperatives. The rganizatins were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China t prmte industrial and ecnmic develpment. Lt. Clnel Evans Carlsn f the United States Marine Crps bserved these cperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying " the sldiers ___35___ themselves t ne idea and wrked tgether t put that idea ver." He then began using the term gung-h in the Marine Crps t try t create the same spirit he had ___36___. In 1942, he used the wrd as a training slgan fr the 2nd Marine Raider Battalin during Wrld War II. The men were ften called the "Gung H Battalin." Frm then, the wrd gung-h spread as a slgan thrughut the Marine Crps. Tday, its meaning has n relatin t the military.
typhn
In English, a typhn is a very pwerful and ___37___ strm that ccurs arund the China Sea and in the Suth Pacific. The wrd histry f typhn had a far less direct path t the English language than gung-h. And nt all histrical accunts are the same. But, accrding t the Merriam-Webster New Bk f Wrd Histries, the first typhns reprted in the English language were in India and were called "tuffns" r "tufans." The wrd tufan r al-tufan is Arabic and means vilent strm r fld. The English came acrss this wrd in India and brrwed it as tuffn. Later, when English ships encuntered vilent strms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantnese wrd tai fung, which means "great wind." The wrd's ___38___ t tuffn is nly by chance. The mdern frm f the wrd – typhn – was influenced by the Cantnese but ___39___ t make it appear mre Greek.
The American” wrds are meaningful and vivid, ___40___ them frm their histry.
2008年1月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Palaces are knwn fr their beauty and splendr, but they ffer little prtectin against attacks. It is easy t defend a frtress, but frtresses are nt designed with the cmfrt f a king r queen in mind. When it cmes t structures that are bth ___31___ and well-frtified, the classic Eurpean castle is the pinnacle f design. Acrss the ages castles changed, develped, and eventually fell ut f use, but they still cmmand the ___32___ f ur culture.
Castles were ___33___ built in England by Nrman invaders in 1066. As William the Cnquerr ___34___ thrugh England, he frtified key psitins t secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allwed the Nrman lrds t retreat t safety when threatened by English ___35___. Castles als served as bases f peratin fr ffensive attacks. Trps were summned t, rganized arund, and deplyed frm castles. In this way castles served bth ___36___ and defensive rles in military peratins.
Nt limited t military purpses, castles als served as ffices frm which the lrd wuld administer cntrl ver his fiefdm. That is t say, the lrd f the land wuld hld curt in his castle. Thse that were scially beneath the lrd wuld cme t reprt the affairs f the lands that they ___37___ and pay tribute t the lrd. They wuld ___38___ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjy festivities. In this way castles served as imprtant scial centers in medieval England. Castles als served as symbls f pwer. Built n prminent sites ___39___ the surrunding areas, castles cnstantly lmed in the backgrund f many peasants' lives and served as a daily ___40___ f the lrd's strength.
2007年6月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The iPhne X, Apple’s new smartphne, is equipped with facial recgnitin. 31______, its scanner can unlck the system. It requires n buttns t be pressed, being always ready t read yur face. Andrid users can expect similar 32______ as well.
Fr the millins f peple wh will sn depend n facial recgnitin t check their email, send a text r make a call, it will be quick, easy and pretty “cl” t use. Hwever, as we grw 33______t the technlgy, we cannt becme numb t the prblems that cme with it.
Facial recgnitin is already used everywhere. In China, plice use the technlgy t identify peple wh jaywalk (乱穿马路). In the United State, mre than half f all adults are in a facial recgnitin database that can be used fr criminal investigatin. Gvernments, hwever, are nt the nly users f facial recgnitin. Retailers use the technlgy in their stres t identify 34______ shplifters. One scial media app in Russia allws strangers t find ut wh yu are just by taking a pht f yu.
Hwever, different users f facial recgnitin prduce different levels f accuracy. Camera distance, lighting, facial pse all affect the accuracy. Officials at the New Yrk Plice Department, fr example, have 35______ at least five misidentificatins by their facial recgnitin system. If the iPhne’s new system is similarly 36______, n ne will cnsider it t be acceptable security fr ur persnal infrmatin. 37______ it prbably wn’t be. But fr many f the systems elsewhere, mistakes and 38______ f privacy might be unavidable.
As the smartphne f chice fr many users, the iPhne’s 39______ f facial recgnitin may encurage cnsumers t accept the technlgy elsewhere. Hwever, even as we chse t explre the cnvenience facial recgnitin might ffer, we shuld als be suspicius f the many ways it can be used. Facial recgnitin may well be 40______. Its risks need nt be!
2007年1月高考真题
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Why Yur Passwrd May Nt Be As Safe As It Seems
Des “qaz2ws” strike yu as a nice safe passwrd? What abut "adgimptw"? An analysis has fund them t be amng the passwrds that are mst ____31_____ used, which f curse means they are nt secure at all.
When ten millin passwrds were leaked t the internet, they appeared t ____32_____ that attempts by internet security experts t make us imprve ur passwrd strength had been successful, even, in the specific case f the leaked passwrds, they were als cmpletely pintless.
While many f the passwrds were still single wrds, such as “passwrd”, there was als a clear attempt by many t make them harder t ____33_____. The prblem was that peple seemed t d s in the same way.
“Users are becming slightly mre ____34_____ f what makes a passwrd strng,” explained WP Engine, an internet cmpany that perfrmed the analysis. “Fr instance, adding a number r tw at the end f a text phrase. That makes it better, right?”
But ____35_____ n. They fund that almst half a millin passwrds did this—and in 20 per cent f thse all peple did was put the number "1" at the end.
Perhaps this is why sme cmpanies are nw trying t mve gradually beynd passwrds. Yah! is giving users the ptin t assciate their mbile phne with an accunt, and have a single use passwrd texted t it each time they want t ____36_____ n.
Althugh the service is vluntary, Dylan Casey, an executive at Yah!, said that it was “the first step t ____37_____ passwrds”. He said it was a(n) ____38_____ that it was increasingly hard fr peple t remember all the passwrds they had. “I dn’t think we, as an industry, have dne a gd enugh jb f putting urselves in the shes f the peple using ur prducts,” he said.
It wuld certainly be a mre sensible strategy than sme peple’s imprving upn “passwrd” by using “wassprd” r tran5p053d numb3r5f0r13tt3r5.
“We are, fr the mst part, predictably ____39_____ when it cmes t chsing passwrds, despite a decade f warnings frm passwrd strength checkers during sign-ups”, said WP Engine, “We lve taking a(n)____40_____ , and s d passwrd cracker.”
模拟练习（一）
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
（2023春·上海·高三复旦附中校考阶段练习）Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
The Mega-City EnvirnmentMega-cities suffer frm a catalg f envirnmental ills. A Wrld Health Organizatin(WHO)/United Natins Envirnment Prgram(UNEP)study fund that seven f the cities-Mexic City, Beijing, Cair, Jakarta, Ls Angeles, Sa Paul and Mscw-had three r mre pllutants that 11 the WHO health prtectin guidelines. All 20 f the cities studied by WHO/UNEP had at least ne majr pllutant that went beynd 12 health limits.
Accrding t the Wrld Resurces Institute, “Millins f children living in the wrld’s largest cities, particularly in develping cuntries, are 13 t life-threatening air pllutin tw t eight times abve the maximum based n WHO guidelines. Indeed, mre than 80 percent f all deaths in develping cuntries 14 t air pllutin-induced lung infectins are amng children under five.” In the big Asian mega-cities such as New Delhi, Beijing and Jakarta, apprximately 20 t 30 percent f all respiratry diseases 15 frm air pllutin.
Almst all f the mega-cities face majr fresh water challenges. Jhannesburg, Suth Africa, is frced t draw water frm highlands 370 miles away. In Bangkk, saltwater is invading aquifers(地下蓄水层). Mexic City has a serius 16 prblem because f excessive grundwater withdrawal.
Mre than a billin peple, 20 percent f the wrld’s ppulatin, live withut regular 17 t clean running water. While pr peple are frced t pay high fees fr private water, many cities squander their resurces thrugh leakages and illegal 18 . “With the ppulatin f cities expected t increase t five billin by 2025,” says Klaus Tepfer, executive directr f the UNEP, “the urban demand fr water is set t increase rapidly. This means that any slutin t the water crisis is clsely linked t the gvernance f cities.“
Mega-city residents, crwded int unsanitary slums, are als subject t serius disease utbreaks. Lima, Peru(with ppulatin estimated at 9.4 millin by 2015)suffered a chlera utbreak in the late 1990s partly because, as the New Yrk Times reprted, ”rural peple new t in huses withut running water and use the uthuses(屋外厕所)that 19 the hillsides abve.“
It’s wrth lking at sme f these 20 mega-cities in detail, because daily life there is likely t be the pattern fr a majrity f the wrld’s ppulatin. Mst are already experiencing severe envirnmental prblems that will nly be wrsened by rapid ppulatin increases.
模拟练习（二）
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
（2023春·上海杨浦·高三上海市杨浦高级中学校考阶段练习）Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Yung Chinese pera directr bradens traditinal art frm
“Chinese pera art is like a huge spnge, cnstantly absrbing, transfrming, merging and flurishing,” says traditinal Chinese pera directr Li Zhuqun, wh is 11 with creating a market fr traditinal pera shws in small theaters acrss China.
Perfrmed in 2013, Li Zhuqun’s first 12 wrk “Death D Us Part” is a stry 13 frm the 14th-century Chinese classic nvel “Water Margin”. Li, a graduate f the Natinal Academy f Chinese Theater Arts, says that perfrming this classic piece fr tday’s audience is an experiment and a challenge.
“We decided t shrten the divrce scene that lasted fur r five days in rder t 14 the effect f ur vcals and dramatic perfrmances. We als invited mdern dancers t wrk with us. We 15 the perfrmance methds f traditinal pera with the rhythm f mdem dance.”
Li defines her team as “small, deep, refined and brad”. She explained, “‘Small’ in its size, vlume and 16 . ‘Deep’ refers t ur perfrmance and the depth f the script. ‘Refined’ refers t the prductin f the 17 makeup, prps, sund and light. ‘Brad’ refers t its 18 and peratin.”
“We target all ages and a wider audience.” T Li, traditinal pera is “the art f regret” due t the unique charm f 19 perfrmances. She aims t allw the audience t enjy every minute f the shw and draw mre peple t the theater. Li said, “We hpe t find a pssibility fr small theater pera t make a breakthrugh in terms f the market and target audience. With the develpment f aesthetics (审美) and sciety, ur generatin needs t 20 a wider and mre varied artistic vcabulary int traditinal pera. Yet it shuld still develp n the basis f maintaining the characteristics f traditinal pera.”
characteristics B. diverse C. emply D. functin E issue F. Integratin
hit H. military I. ptential J. schemes K. wearers
allw B.bthering C. gap D. inaccessible E. inefficient F. jumped
G.custmized H. place I. purchase J. skipping K. strategies
A.applauding B. entry-level C. struck D. fascinatin E. back-seal F. stuck
G. stand H. prmter I. hk J. dminant K. empwered
A. empwers B. hands C. innvative D. mean E. prints
F. ntes G. shaving H. stre I. tip J. traceable K. unecnmic
A. repetitiveB. cntinuallyC. alertsD. pattern
E. lcateF. mentalG. challengeH. netwrk
I. evlvingJ. reverselyK. literacy
A.cmmitted B. cmpared C. cntact D. delegatin E. destructive
F. humble G. negtiate H. respelled I. similarity J. superirs K. witnessed
A.address B. fascinatin C.gverned D. impsing E.ffensive F.riginally G.verlking H. rebellin I.reminder J. randmly K.swept
A. suspected B.Frtunately C. invasins D. inevitable E.accustmed
F. unreliable G. features H. acknwledged I. inclusin J. transferred K.Instantly
A. acknwledgement B. actually C. cmmnly D. cnfirm E. cnscius
F. crack G. eliminate H. independent I. lg J. shrtcut K. unimaginative
A．stem B．dt C． attributable D．exceeded E. verlk F. expsed
G. drainage H. emerging I. sinking J. access K. established
A．live B．adapted C． perspective D．maximize E. cstumes F. inject
G. credited H. directrial I. publicity J. prspect K. integrated
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